Academic literature on the topic 'The blockchain ledger'

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Journal articles on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Fekete, Dénes László, and Attila Kiss. "A Survey of Ledger Technology-Based Databases." Future Internet 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13080197.

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The spread of crypto-currencies globally has led to blockchain technology receiving greater attention in recent times. This paper focuses more broadly on the uses of ledger databases as a traditional database manager. Ledger databases will be examined within the parameters of two categories. The first of these are Centralized Ledger Databases (CLD)-based Centralised Ledger Technology (CLT), of which LedgerDB will be discussed. The second of these are Permissioned Blockchain Technology-based Decentralised Ledger Technology (DLT) where Hyperledger Fabric, FalconDB, BlockchainDB, ChainifyDB, BigchainDB, and Blockchain Relational Database will be examined. The strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed technologies will be discussed, alongside a comparison of the mentioned technologies.
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Coyne, Joshua G., and Peter L. McMickle. "Can Blockchains Serve an Accounting Purpose?" Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51910.

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ABSTRACT The blockchain has enabled the successful creation of decentralized digital currency networks. This success has prompted further investigation into the usefulness of blockchains in other business settings. Because of the blockchain's use as a ledger, the question arises whether the blockchain could become a more secure alternative to current accounting ledgers. We show that this is infeasible. By casting this question in the context of the Byzantine Generals Problem, which the blockchain was designed to solve, we identify multiple flaws hindering implementation of the blockchain as a financial reporting tool. Whereas blockchain-based digital currencies only exist within the blockchain, economic transactions exist outside of accounting records. This distinction prevents an acceptable level of transaction verification using the blockchain model. Additionally, the security benefits of the blockchain that render it ostensibly immutable are not fully available or reliable in an accounting setting.
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Allen, Darcy W. E., Chris Berg, and Mikayla Novak. "Blockchain: an entangled political economy approach." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 33, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569118x15282111163993.

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This paper incorporates blockchain activities into the broader remit of entangled political economy theory, emphasising economic and other social phenomena as the emergent by-product of human interactions. Blockchains are a digital technology combining peer-to-peer network computing and cryptography to create an immutable decentralised public ledger. The blockchain contrasts vintage ledger technologies, either paper-based or maintained by in-house databases, largely reliant upon hierarchical, third-party trust mechanisms for their maintenance and security. Recent contributions to the blockchain studies literature suggest that the blockchain itself poses as an institutional technology that could challenge existing forms of coordination and governance organised on the basis of vintage ledgers. This proposition has significant implications for the relevance of existing entangled relationships in the economic, social and political domains. Blockchain enables non-territorial 'crypto-secession', not only reducing the costs associated with maintaining ledgers, but radically revising and deconcentrating data-conditioned networks to fundamentally challenge the economic positions of legacy firms and governments. These insights are further illuminated with reference to finance, property and identity cases. Entangled political economy provides a compelling lens through which we can discern the impact of blockchain technology on some of our most important relationships.
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Sahani, Amarpreet, Pawan Singh, and Anil Kumar. "Introduction to Blockchain." Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/001.01.004.

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The current monetary system has many issues associated with it like double spending, standard transaction fees, financial crisis, centralized power and private ledgers. Blockchain provides a remedy to all these ills by its basic structure, zero or minimal transaction fees and by providing a public ledger system which is visible to everyone who is the part of blockchain which makes it free from complications like double spending and financial crisis. Blockchain is basically a continuously growing list of records or public distributed ledger system called blocks linked and secured suing cryptography. Each block has multiple transaction details associated with it. It was introduced in the year 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto, who is believed to be a Japanese man, born in 1974. Given the features and universal nature of the Blockchain, which include decentralized ledger system, proof of work and cryptography, one can appreciate that its implementation could result in far reaching changes in all domains.
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DAVIDSON, SINCLAIR, PRIMAVERA DE FILIPPI, and JASON POTTS. "Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137417000200.

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AbstractBlockchains are a new digital technology that combines peer-to-peer network computing and cryptography to create an immutable decentralised public ledger. Where the ledger records money, a blockchain is a cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin; but ledger entries can record any data structure, including property titles, identity and certification, contracts, and so on. We argue that the economics of blockchains extend beyond analysis of a new general purpose technology and its disruptive Schumpeterian consequences to the broader idea that blockchains are an institutional technology. We consider several examples of blockchain-based economic coordination and governance. We claim that blockchains are an instance of institutional evolution.
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Biais, Bruno, Christophe Bisière, Matthieu Bouvard, and Catherine Casamatta. "Blockchains, Coordination, and Forks." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191018.

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Blockchains are distributed ledgers. Their protocol aims at ensuring that the miners in charge of recording transactions reach a consensus about a unique ledger. In this paper, we highlight that the game induced by the blockchain proof-of-work protocol generates several equilibria. In some equilibria, different versions of the ledger or “branches” coexist, breaching consensus. Such forks arise because of the interplay of miners' incentives to coordinate on the same branch, and miners' incentives to protect their vested interests on a given branch. We illustrate that these elements were present in the recent hard forks that occurred on Bitcoin.
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Lemieux, Victoria L. "Blockchain and Recordkeeping: Editorial." Computers 10, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10110135.

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Distributed ledger technologies (DLT), including blockchains, combine the use of cryptography and distributed networks to achieve a novel form of records creation and keeping designed for tamper-resistance and immutability. Over the past several years, these capabilities have made DLTs, including blockchains, increasingly popular as a general-purpose technology used for recordkeeping in a variety of sectors and industry domains, yet many open challenges and issues, both theoretical and applied, remain. This editorial introduces the Special Issue of Computers focusing on exploring the frontiers of blockchain/distributed ledger technology and recordkeeping.
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Nijsse, Jeff, and Alan Litchfield. "A Taxonomy of Blockchain Consensus Methods." Cryptography 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography4040032.

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For a blockchain, consensus is the foundation protocol that enables cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin to maintain state. Additionally, to ensure safety and liveness for a publicly accessible and verifiable ledger, fault tolerance must be robust. However, there appears to be a degree of misunderstanding about how consensus is applied across blockchains. To assist researchers considering variations between them, this study presents a rational classification of consensus methods applied to current blockchains. The study provides a survey of 19 methods classified by the scarce resource they employ: clock-cycles, bits, tokens, votes, time, and biometrics. Blockchain implementations are split between consensus algorithms requiring proof of resource and those that use majority voting to update the ledger.
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Meier, Andreas, and Henrik Stormer. "Blockchain = Distributed Ledger + Consensus." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 55, no. 6 (August 31, 2018): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-018-00457-7.

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Ajao, Lukman Adewale, James Agajo, Emmanuel Adewale Adedokun, and Loveth Karngong. "Crypto Hash Algorithm-Based Blockchain Technology for Managing Decentralized Ledger Database in Oil and Gas Industry." J 2, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 300–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j2030021.

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This research work proposes a method for the securing and monitoring of petroleum product distribution records in a decentralized ledger database using blockchain technology. The aim of using this technique is to secure the transaction of distributed ledgers in a database and to protect records from tampering, fraudulent activity, and corruption by the chain participants. The blockchain technology approach offers an efficient security measure and novel advantages, such as in the transaction existence and distribution ledger management between the depot, transporter, and retailing filling station. Others advantages are transparency, immunity to fraud, insusceptibility to tampering, and maintaining record order. The technique adopted for this secure distributed ledger database is crypto hash algorithm-1 (SHA-1)-based public permissioned blockchain and telematics, while this telematics approach is an embedded system integrated into an in-vehicle model for remote tracking of geolocation (using Global Positioning System (GPS)), monitoring, and far-off data acquisition in a real-time. The scope of the data in the secure distributed ledger database (using blockchain) developed are identification (ID) of the tanker operator, Depot name, Source station ID, Destination station ID, Petroleum product volume, Transporter ID, and Geographic automobiles location. This system proved to be efficient, secure, and easy to maintain as it does not permit any individual for records tampering, but supports agreement of ~75% of participants in the chain to make changes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Abrantes Vaz e. Távora Vasconcelos da. "Da fraude marítima - são as distributed ledger technologies (blockchain) uma solução?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18463.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Estima-se que a fraude marítima - fraude cometida envolvendo navios e ou carga transportada por via marítima - cause actualmente perdas e prejuízos que podem ascender anualmente a vários biliões de dólares americanos. O transporte marítimo de mercadorias é uma actividade abrangentemente regulada por via do direito marítimo, pelo que, a compreensão da natureza jurídica do navio ou o estudo do alcance que determinados documentos comportam, como o conhecimento de embarque (Bill of Lading), são aspectos necessários ao entendimento das particularidades da fraude marítima. A par da complexidade legal e documental intrínsecas às actividades de transporte marítimo de mercadorias, aspectos como o seu carácter internacional e o elevado número de agentes que intervêm no sector, são vistos como factores críticos à ocorrência de fraudes na esfera do transporte marítimo. Com base neste enquadramento, a investigação conclui que a tecnologia Blockchain, enquanto uma DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especialmente por via da resolução da problemática do double spending sem recurso a uma entidade centralizadora, e uma vez ultrapassados os desafios de adopção generalizada da tecnologia, pode vir a mitigar ou mesmo resolver grande parte da problemática da fraude marítima tal qual se conhece, especialmente a de carácter documental.
It is estimated that maritime fraud - fraud involving ships and / or cargo transported by sea - is currently causing losses up to several billion US dollars annually. Maritime freight is an activity that is broadly regulated through maritime law, so understanding the legal nature of the ship or examining the scope of certain documents, such as the Bill of Lading, is necessary to comprehend the maritime fraud. In addition to the legal and documentary complexity inherent in maritime freight transport activities, aspects such as its international character and the large number of agents involved in the sector are seen as critical factors for the occurrence of maritime fraud. Based on this framework, the research concluded that Blockchain technology, while DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especially by solving the problem of double spending without recourse to a centralization entity, and once overcome the challenges of general adoption of the technology, can mitigate or even solve much of the problems of maritime fraud as it is known, especially those involving documents.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Jonéus, Carl. "Analysis of Scalable Blockchain Technology in the Capital Market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326151.

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Financial interactions on the capital market involve a wide variety of actors and processes. The requirement of security and privacy results to a large extent in non-shared and unintegrated databases among the different parties, leading to complex, time consuming and costly procedures. The last decade's introduction of innovative blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin, has brought attention to the possibilities of decentralized peer-to-peer networking in general, and its potential influence in the financial sector in particular. This master thesis investigates the possibilities for the capital market to adapt such a system from a technical point of view, with main focus on scalability. The analysis covers crucial aspects such as a peer-to-peer application's ability to handle large transaction volumes while maintaining security. The degree project also includes continued work on Visigon's blockchain application prototype with main focus on the network communication, as well as simulations of its performance capability. Results from the simulations showed that the transaction throughput capacity is limited to the time of broadcasting the transaction to the network, and thus decreasing linearly with increasing network size. The required time for handling other parts in the process appears constant and takes up a small fraction of the total time, therefore future work lays in further optimization of the communication protocol.
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Sahlin, Emma, and Rebecka Levenby. "Blockchain in audit trails : An investigation of how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39733.

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Background: Blockchain have attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. It has been described as a technology that will increase the effectiveness of monitoring and improve the auditability of transactions which would have great implications for accountants and auditors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how blockchain can help auditors to implement audit trails. The aim is to increase awareness about what the blockchain technology is, investigate if blockchain can be used in audit trails and if it can contribute to more cost-effective, reliable and secure audit trail. Methodology: The study is an exploratory research to increase the knowledge and understanding of blockchain and audit trails. It has a qualitative approach where primary data is collected from a semi-structured interview with Deloitte. Conclusion: The results indicates that there exists a gap in the literature of previously research on blockchain in relation to audit trails that needs further investigation. Furthermore, this study shows that blockchain is a technology with a lot of potential, but knowledge is still limited. This study concludes that there is too little research conducted to be able to provide any conclusive evidence. Due to findings and limitations of this research, suggestions for further research is provided.
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Mononga, Omphile. "A framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology in the financial services sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81688.

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The financial services sector is riddled with efficiency challenges and high costs resulting from the use of legacy financial systems. A solution for these challenges exists in the form of blockchain technology. However, adoption of blockchain in the financial services sector remains a challenge for several reasons. Key to this is the fact that the technology is still new, and there is a lack of clear information on how management of financial institutions can configure their organisations to prepare them for the adoption of the new technology. By investigating the technological aspects of blockchain technology; the organisational preparedness for adoption; and the environmental dynamics of financial services; this paper presents a framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology. This framework will assist organisations to first reconfigure themselves to prepare for technological adoption; and second, align themselves to the requirements of adoption of blockchain technology. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with experts in the global financial services sector, it was found that there is a methodological approach to the adoption of blockchain technology. Blockchain advocates within organisations will be able to conduct an internal introspection into efficiency challenges they face, learn about blockchain technology, build a business case for adoption, reconfigure the organisation, align the organisation, and adopt blockchain to accord the organisation the necessary efficiencies.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Genova, Galya Ivalinova. "La Tecnologia Blockchain." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Blockchain è una tecnologia per la condivisione di dati, decentralizzata, tansazionale ed è una rete composta di partecipanti non attendibili. Questa tecnologia presenta architetture software distribuite, dove i componenti trovano accordi per i loro stati condivisi senza fidarsi di un punto di intermedio o di eventuali partecipanti (terze parti). Blockchain è un connettore software, che contribuisce a rendere importanti le considerazioni architetturali sulle prestazioni e gli attributi di qualità, ad esempio: la sicurezza, la privacy, la scalabilità e la sostenibilità, del sistema.
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Jönelid, Erik, and Axel Blomberg. "Blockchain och patientjournalsystem : En undersökning i genomförbarhet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355931.

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Uppsatsen tar upp blockchain-teknologin och undersöker om den kan användas vid hantering av patientjournaler i ett svenskt patientjournalsystem. Genom att kombinera en genomförbarhetsstudie och SWOT-analys har tre aspekter; tekniska, legala och organisatoriska undersökts med hjälp av perspektiven från SWOT. De tekniska, legala och organisatoriska aspekterna berör viktiga faktorer och frågor som bör uppfyllas för ett projekt ska anses genomförbart. Uppsatsen är en explorativ fallstudie med dokumentanalys som metod. Primärt har akademisk litteratur samt lagar och författningar undersökts och analyserats. Med hjälp av informationen från insamlade dokument analyseras och diskuteras innehållet utifrån teknisk, legal genomförbarhet och organisatorisk genomförbarhet. Den tekniska samt legala aspekten antyder att blockchain i dess nuvarande form inte är genomförbart för att användas som stöd i svenskt patientjournalsystem. Emellertid har en hög genomförbarhet identifierats inom den organisatoriska aspekten.
This paper examines whether blockchain-technology can be used to assist an EHR system (electronic health records) in Sweden. By combining a feasibility study and SWOT-analysis, three major aspects; technical, legal and organizational, have been examined with help from the perspectives in SWOT. The aspects cover key factors and questions which ought to be fulfilled for a project to be considered feasible. An exploratory case study has been conducted combined with the method of document analysis. The documents have primarily consisted of academic literature and law acts and constitutions such as GDPR. The feasibility aspects have been analysed and discussed with the help of found literature. The technical and legal aspects suggest that the use of blockchain in its current shape and form is not feasible in assisting an EHR system. However, within the organizational aspect, a high level of feasibility has been concluded
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Palm, Emanuel. "The Performance, Interoperability and Integration of Distributed Ledger Technologies." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74046.

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In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008, Bitcoin emerged as a radical new alternative to the fiat currencies of the traditional banking sector. Through the use of a novel kind of probabilistic consensus algorithm, Bitcoin proved it possible to guarantee the integrity of a digital currency by relying on network majority votes instead of trusted institutions. By showing that it was technically feasible to, at least to some extent, replace the entire banking sector with computers, many significant actors started asking what else this new technology could help automate. A subsequent, seemingly inevitable, wave of efforts produced a multitude of new distributed ledger systems, architectures and applications, all somehow attempting to leverage distributed consensus algorithms to replace trusted intermediaries, facilitating value ownership, transfer and regulation. In this thesis, we scrutinize distributed ledger technologies in terms of how they could help facilitate the digitization of contractual cooperation, especially in the context of the supply chain and manufacturing industries. Concretely, we consider them from three distinct technical perspectives, (1) performance, (2) interoperability and (3) integration. Voting systems, with or without probabilistic mechanisms, require significant time and resources to operate, for which reason it becomes relevant to investigate how the costs of running those systems can be mitigated. In particular, we consider how a blockchain, a form of distributed ledger, can be pruned to in order to reduce disk space requirements. Furthermore, no technical system part of a larger business is an island, but will have to be able to interoperate with other systems to maximize the opportunity for automation. For this reason, we also consider how transparent message translation between systems could be facilitated, as well as presenting a formalism for expressing the syntactic structure of message payloads. Finally, we propose a concrete architecture, the Exchange Network, that models contractual interactions as negotiations about token exchanges rather than as function invocations and state machine transitions, which we argue lowers the barrier to compatibility with conventional legal and business practices. Even if no more trusted institutions could be replaced by any forthcoming distributed ledger technologies, we believe contractual interactions becoming more digital would lead to an increased opportunity for using computers to monitor, assist or even directly participate in the negotiation, management and tracking of business agreements, which we see as more than enough to warrant the cost of further developing of the technology. Such computer involvement may not just save time and reduce costs, but could also enable new kinds of computer-driven economies. In the long run, this may enable new levels of resource optimization, and not just within large organizations, but also smaller companies, or even the homes of families and individuals.
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Kendric, Hood A. "Improving Cryptocurrency Blockchain Security and Availability Adaptive Security and Partitioning." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595038779436782.

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Backlund, Ludvig. "A technical overview of distributed ledger technologies in the Nordic capital market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298810.

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This thesis examines how Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) could be utilized in capital markets in general and in the Nordic capital market in particular. DLTs were introduced with the so called cryptocurrency Bitcoin in 2009 and has in the last few years been of interest to various financial institutions as a means to streamline financial processes. By combining computer scientific concepts such as public-key cryptography and consensus algorithms DLTs make it possible to keep shared databases with limited trust among the participators and without the use of a trusted third party. In this thesis various actors on the Nordic capital market were interviewed and their stance on DLTs were summarized. In addition to this a Proof of Concept of a permissioned DLT application for ownership registration of securities was constructed. It was found that all the interviewees were generally optimistic about DLTs potential to increase the efficiency of capital markets. The technology needs to be adopted to handle the capital markets demand for privacy and large transaction volumes, but there is a general agreement among the interviewees that these issues will be solved. The biggest challenge for an adoption of DLTs seem to lie in that of finding a common industry-wide standard.
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Maffi, Alfredo. "Blockchain and beyond: proactive logic smart contracts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17013/.

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Blockchain-based smart contracts are computer programs which run on top of a blockchain in order to enforce the terms of an agreement between mutually-untrusted parties without the need of a trusted intermediary. With their actual implementations, smart contracts are passive entities, that is, they do nothing until one of the parties explicitly trigger them. As a result, they are not able to "actively" participate in the execution of the agreement. Furthermore, since they are deployed on the blockchain, their source code is immutable and cannot be adapted as changes in the real world occur over time. In this thesis, we rethink blockchain-based smart contracts as proactive and logic entities to overcome the aforementioned issues. In our vision, smart contracts are "proactive" in the sense that they can act without necessarily being triggered by one of their parties, and "logic" in the sense that their business logic is expressed by means of logic programming, allowing for a controllable mutability of their behaviour over time through meta programming. In this work, we analyse the problems which arise as soon as smart contracts are designed as proactive entities, carrying out a feasibility study for their implementation in the first place. Subsequently, we implement a system which supports their execution as a proof-of-concept for our idea. Finally, we show how our proactive smart contracts can be used to further enforce the terms of a contract with respect to three different use cases. This work represents a first step towards our final end, which consists in the realization of fully autonomous smart contracts, able to reason about the world and automatically act against violations committed with respect to the agreement's terms.
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Books on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Treiblmaier, Horst, and Trevor Clohessy, eds. Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Use Cases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44337-5.

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Lanskov, P., M. Murashov, and D. Lanskov. Digital financial assets, their origin, development and prospects in the Russian financial market. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1859925.

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The article discusses the economic, legal and technological foundations of the emergence of digital financial assets (CFAs) in the Russian financial market. The interrelation of the CFA and blockchain technology, which is a special case of the implementation of distributed ledger technology, is analyzed. From these positions, a vision of the role and place of cryptocurrencies in the future global economy is proposed. It is emphasized that the spread of cryptocurrencies has largely contributed to the popularization of the underlying blockchain technology, the declared advantages of this technology have been investigated. The practical aspects of the application of distributed registry technology in the context of Russian legislation are analyzed. As promising and alternative forms of CFA, the issue and placement of which is possible with the participation of securities market registrars, CFA certifying the possibility of exercising rights under equity securities, the right to demand the transfer of equity securities (tokens) and CFA directly certifying the rights to participate in the capital of a joint-stock company (digital shares) are considered. It is suggested that the global trend towards digitalization and the public need to improve the protection of investors' rights may lead to the transformation of undocumented shares into digital ones. The authors believe that digital shares in the form of CFA retain the advantages of non-documentary securities, but at the same time return the uniqueness of each individual share, as in the case of documentary securities, which much more reliably records their belonging to a specific owner.
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The Age of Blockchain: A Collection of Articles. New York, USA: IndraStra Global, 2018.

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Oliver, Peter, and Concise Reads. Blockchain 101: Distributed Ledger Technology. Independently Published, 2018.

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Natarajan, Harish, Solvej Krause, and Helen Gradstein. Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/29053.

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Wattenhofer, Roger. Blockchain Science: Distributed Ledger Technology. Independently Published, 2019.

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BlockChain: An Incorruptible Digital Ledger. Independently Published, 2019.

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Bolfing, Andreas. Cryptographic Primitives in Blockchain Technology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.001.0001.

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Many online applications, especially in the financial industries, are running on blockchain technologies in a decentralized manner, without the use of an authoritative entity or a trusted third party. Such systems are only secured by cryptographic protocols and a consensus mechanism. As blockchain-based solutions will continue to revolutionize online applications in a growing digital market in the future, one needs to identify the principal opportunities and potential risks. Hence, it is unavoidable to learn the mathematical and cryptographic procedures behind blockchain technology in order to understand how such systems work and where the weak points are. The book provides an introduction to the mathematical and cryptographic concepts behind blockchain technologies and shows how they are applied in blockchain-based systems. This includes an introduction to the general blockchain technology approaches that are used to build the so-called immutable ledgers, which are based on cryptographic signature schemes. As future quantum computers will break some of the current cryptographic primitive approaches, the book considers their security and presents the current research results that estimate the impact on blockchain-based systems if some of the cryptographic primitive break. Based on the example of Bitcoin, it shows that weak cryptographic primitives pose a possible danger for the ledger, which can be overcome through the use of the so-called post-quantum cryptographic approaches which are introduced as well.
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Lianos, Ioannis, Philipp Hacker, Stefan Eich, and Georgios Dimitropoulos, eds. Regulating Blockchain. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842187.001.0001.

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This collection provides an in-depth analysis of the intersection between blockchain technology and the law. Covering EU, US, and Asian jurisdictions, it assesses the necessities of and opportunities for the regulation of blockchain technology in a range of key legal fields, such as competition law, securities regulation, corporate, insurance, contract, and data protection law. Instead of postulating the disruptive superiority of distributed ledger technology across potential areas of application, however, the volume offers a nuanced treatment of use cases ranging from early applications in finance to ICOs, alternative dispute resolution platforms, and smart contracts. It takes a distinct techno-social perspective in understanding the legal implications of blockchain technology as a possible new general-purpose technology. The interaction of blockchain technology with the legal system raises key questions concerning governance and government, private order and state authority, and the relationship between different ‘calculative’ spaces for assessing and allocating value. These questions do not only have a long pedigree, they are also acutely relevant to our immediate future. By drawing on technological, political, economic, and legal points of view, the volume shows why blockchain matters for societies, and why the law matters for blockchain.
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Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82803.

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Book chapters on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Zhang, Qi, Petr Novotny, Salman Baset, Donna Dillenberger, Artem Barger, and Yacov Manevich. "LedgerGuard: Improving Blockchain Ledger Dependability." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 251–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94478-4_18.

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Stojanovic, Vladeta, Matthias Trapp, Jan Klimke, Rico Richter, and Jürgen Döllner. "Private Distributed Ledger for Indoor Scene Annotation." In Blockchain for Construction, 185–206. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3759-0_10.

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Lee, Jinwook, and Paul Moon Sub Choi. "Chain of Antichains: An Efficient and Secure Distributed Ledger." In Blockchain Technologies, 19–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2205-5_2.

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Ojha, Gopal, Rohit Kumar, Rojeena Bajracharya, and Rakesh Shrestha. "Distributed Ledger Technology: Use Cases, Design, and Implementation Issues." In Blockchain Technologies, 115–35. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1960-2_7.

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Turi, Abeba N. "Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Applications." In Technologies for Modern Digital Entrepreneurship, 123–54. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6005-0_4.

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Busulwa, Richard, and Nina Evans. "Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies." In Digital Transformation in Accounting, 265–78. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Business & digital transformation: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429344589-24.

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Zahoor, Ariba Aslam, Muhammad Mubashir Khan, and Junaid Arshad. "A Comparative Study of Distributed Ledger Technologies." In Blockchain for Cybersecurity and Privacy, 29–55. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Internal audit and it audit: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324932-3.

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Burkhardt, Daniel, Patrick Frey, Simon Hiller, Alexander Neff, and Heiner Lasi. "Distributed Ledger Enabled Internet of Things Platforms: Symbiosis Evaluation." In Business Transformation through Blockchain, 77–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99058-3_4.

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Busulwa, Richard. "Blockchain and Other Distributed Ledger Technologies Primer." In Navigating Digital Transformation in Management, 347–68. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254614-26.

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Papangelou, Stamatis, and Zinos Alexios Charalampidis. "Land Property Data Logging on Blockchain Ledger." In Dynamics of Disasters, 219–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64973-9_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Nati, Michele. "IOTA ledger and IoT: A Secure Sustainable Infrastructure for the Construction Industry." In Construction Blockchain Conference 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.zrvf8881.

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The modern construction industry is all about connecting supply chains, workers and buildings. Internet of Things is one of the enabling technologies to provide more automation in this highly connected environment. However, more connectivity brings new opportunities but also more cyber-physical threats. In particular in relation to constrained IoT devices. Blockchain and decentralized identities can help to re-establish trust, improve security and develop new business models. Not all blockchains are equal and to guarantee the sustainability of the construction industry, any additional blockchain infrastructure needs to maintain a low carbon footprint. This talk will discuss the role of distributed ledgers (aka DLTs, aka blockchain) and in particular of the IOTA DLT in securing the connected construction industry and present some of the solutions and use cases currently being developed.
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Miyamae, Takeshi, Satoru Nishimaki, Makoto Nakamura, Takeru Fukuoka, and Masanobu Morinaga. "Advanced Ledger: Supply Chain Management with Contribution Trails and Fair Reward Distribution." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blockchain55522.2022.00067.

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Shilov, Ilya, and Danil Zakoldaev. "Multidimensional Blockchain as Robust Distributed Ledger." In 2022 31st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct54823.2022.9770905.

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Guo, Fengyang, Xun Xiao, Artur Hecker, and Schahram Dustdar. "Modeling Ledger Dynamics in IOTA Blockchain." In GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10000609.

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Braun, Christoph H. J., Janina Traue, Boris Lingl, and Tobias Kafer. "Documenting the Execution of Semantically Modelled Inter-organisational Workflows on a Distributed Ledger." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blockchain53845.2021.00045.

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Sakız, Burcu, and Ayşen Hiç Gencer. "Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrency: Non-Fungible Tokens." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02527.

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Blockchain technology is a disruptive innovation with the potential to replace existing business models that rely on centralized systems and third parties for trust. Even if there are a lot of application areas, blockchain used primarily for cryptocurrencies. Satoshi Nakamoto implemented the first blockchain application and invented the world’s first digital currency which is named as Bitcoin in 2008. Fundementally Bitcoin relies on cryptographic “proof of work” mechanism, digital signatures, and peer to peer distributed networking layer in order to provide a distributed ledger holding transactions. In 2014, a second generation of blockchains allow to program and execute them over distributed networks such as Ethereum project. The code to program any asset stored in blockchain’s peer-to-peer network is called as "smart contract" and smart contracts gives a powerful tool to developers for decentralized applications. There are various types of tokens that anyone can built on top of Ethereum and by combining smart contracts and new tokens, this paved the way of possibility to build a wide range of decentralized projects. One of the disruptive blockchain based innovation impacting intellectual property is called non-fungible-tokens or NFTs firstly introcuced in late 2017 on Ethereum network. This research contends that blockchain and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) which are cryptographically unique, scarce, non-replicable digital assets created through smart contracts and provably digital collectible assets. Our objective is to give NFT taxonomy, review NFT platforms and discuss technical challenges as well as recent advances in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also aims to point out the future directions for NFT technology.
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Xu, Ronghua, and Yu Chen. "Fairledger: a Fair Proof-of-Sequential-Work based Lightweight Distributed Ledger for IoT Networks." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blockchain55522.2022.00055.

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Chukhnina, Anna, Grigorii Melnikov, Anton Pecherkin, Aleksandr Sokolov, and Yury Yanovich. "Distributed Ledger for Non-Selective Reporting." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461088.

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Alvarenga, Igor D., Gustavo F. Camilo, Lucas A. C. De Souza, and Otto Carlos M. B. Duarte. "DAGSec: A hybrid distributed ledger architecture for the secure management of the Internet of Things." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blockchain53845.2021.00043.

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Hall, Daniel. "Integrated Project Delivery and Blockchain." In Construction Blockchain Conference 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.xqoi5629.

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Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies represent a new form of economic coordination. Beyond just cryptocurrency transactions, blockchain has inherent affordances that can also be useful to design a new project delivery system. This presentation describes the traditional project delivery system and the integrated project delivery model as past forms of project governance.
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Reports on the topic "The blockchain ledger"

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Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.

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The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.
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Bielinskyi, Andrii O., Oleksandr A. Serdyuk, Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, Андрій Іванович Білінський, and О. А. Сердюк. Econophysics of cryptocurrency crashes: a systematic review. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6974.

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Cryptocurrencies refer to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain technology to enable a secure transaction. Like other financial assets, they show signs of complex systems built from a large number of nonlinearly interacting constituents, which exhibits collective behavior and, due to an exchange of energy or information with the environment, can easily modify its internal structure and patterns of activity. We review the econophysics analysis methods and models adopted in or invented for financial time series and their subtle properties, which are applicable to time series in other disciplines. Quantitative measures of complexity have been proposed, classified, and adapted to the cryptocurrency market. Their behavior in the face of critical events and known cryptocurrency market crashes has been analyzed. It has been shown that most of these measures behave characteristically in the periods preceding the critical event. Therefore, it is possible to build indicators-precursors of crisis phenomena in the cryptocurrency market.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.

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This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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