Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thalmus; Cerebral cortex

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Thalmus; Cerebral cortex'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Thalmus; Cerebral cortex"

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Zhang, Zengli, Zhi Ma, Wangyuan Zou, Hang Guo, Min Liu, Yulong Ma, and Lixia Zhang. "The Appropriate Marker for Astrocytes: Comparing the Distribution and Expression of Three Astrocytic Markers in Different Mouse Cerebral Regions." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9605265.

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Astrocytes possess different morphological characteristics depending on the cerebral region in which they are found. However, none of the current astrocytic markers can label all subpopulations successfully. Thus, identifying the appropriate marker for a specific scientific investigation is critical. Here, we compared the distribution and protein expression of three astrocyte markers: NDRG2, GFAP, and S100β, in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. NDRG2- and S100β-positive astrocytes were distributed more uniformly than GFAP-positive astrocytes throughout the whole cerebrum. NDRG2 and S100βimmunoreactivities were the strongest in the dorsal cortex and thalamus, while GFAP immunoreactivity was the strongest in the hippocampus. Moreover, protein expression levels of NDRG2, GFAP, and S100βin adult mice were the highest in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, respectively. We also detected astrocyte morphology and found that, in the corpus callosum and cerebral peduncle, GFAP-positive astrocytes were found with more numerous and longer processes than NDRG2- and S100β-positive astrocytes. These results demonstrate that NDRG2 and S100βare more suitably used to visualize the overall distribution and changes in the number of astrocytes, as well as label astrocytes in the cortex and thalamus. GFAP, however, is more appropriately used to label astrocytes in the corpus callosum, cerebral peduncle, and the hippocampus. These results help to guide researchers in the choice of appropriate astrocyte marker and suggest differences in immunological qualities of astrocytes based on the tissue in which they are found.
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Zhang, Dongyang, Abraham Z. Snyder, Michael D. Fox, Mark W. Sansbury, Joshua S. Shimony, and Marcus E. Raichle. "Intrinsic Functional Relations Between Human Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (October 2008): 1740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90463.2008.

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The brain is active even in the absence of explicit stimuli or overt responses. This activity is highly correlated within specific networks of the cerebral cortex when assessed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging. The role of the thalamus in this intrinsic activity is unknown despite its critical role in the function of the cerebral cortex. Here we mapped correlations in resting-state activity between the human thalamus and the cerebral cortex in adult humans using fMRI BOLD imaging. Based on this functional measure of intrinsic brain activity we partitioned the thalamus into nuclear groups that correspond well with postmortem human histology and connectional anatomy inferred from nonhuman primates. This structure/function correspondence in resting-state activity was strongest between each cerebral hemisphere and its ipsilateral thalamus. However, each hemisphere was also strongly correlated with the contralateral thalamus, a pattern that is not attributable to known thalamocortical monosynaptic connections. These results extend our understanding of the intrinsic network organization of the human brain to the thalamus and highlight the potential of resting-state fMRI BOLD imaging to elucidate thalamocortical relationships.
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Fujikawa, D. G., B. E. Dwyer, R. R. Lake, and C. G. Wasterlain. "Local cerebral glucose utilization during status epilepticus in newborn primates." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): C1160—C1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.6.c1160.

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The effect of bicuculline-induced status epilepticus (SE) on local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRglc) was studied in 2-wk-old ketamine-anesthetized marmoset monkeys, using the 2-[14C]-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiographical technique. To estimate LCMRglc in cerebral cortex and thalamus during SE, the lumped constant (LC) for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and the rate constants for 2-DG and glucose were calculated for these regions. The control LC was 0.43 in frontoparietal cortex, 0.51 in temporal cortex, and 0.50 in thalamus; it increased to 1.07 in frontoparietal cortex, 1.13 in temporal cortex, and 1.25 in thalamus after 30 min of seizures. With control LC values, LCMRglc in frontoparietal cortex, temporal cortex, and dorsomedial thalamus appeared to increase four to sixfold. With seizure LC values, LCMRglc increased 1.5- to 2-fold and only in cortex. During 45-min seizures, LCMRglc in cortex and thalamus probably increases 4- to 6-fold initially and later falls to the 1.5- to 2-fold level as tissue glucose concentrations decrease. Together with our previous results demonstrating depletion of high-energy phosphates and glucose in these regions, the data suggest that energy demands exceed glucose supply. The long-term effects of these metabolic changes on the developing brain remain to be determined.
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Hiroki, Masahiko, Takeshi Uema, Naofumi Kajimura, Kenichi Ogawa, Masami Nishikawa, Masaaki Kato, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, et al. "Cerebral white matter blood flow is constant during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: a positron emission tomographic study." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00653.2004.

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This study aimed to identify brain regions with the least decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and their relationship to physiological parameters during human non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography, CBF was measured for nine normal young adults during nighttime. As NREM sleep progressed, mean arterial blood pressure and whole brain mean CBF decreased significantly; arterial partial pressure of CO2 and, selectively, relative CBF of the cerebral white matter increased significantly. Absolute CBF remained constant in the cerebral white matter, registering 25.9 ± 3.8 during wakefulness, 25.8 ± 3.3 during light NREM sleep, and 26.9 ± 3.0 (ml·100 g−1·min−1) during deep NREM sleep ( P = 0.592), and in the occipital cortex ( P = 0.611). The regression slope of the absolute CBF significantly differed with respect to arterial partial pressure of CO2 between the cerebral white matter (slope 0.054, R = − 0.04) and frontoparietal association cortex (slope − 0.776, R = − 0.31) ( P = 0.005) or thalamus (slope − 1.933, R = − 0.47) ( P = 0.004) and between the occipital cortex (slope 0.084, R = 0.06) and frontoparietal association cortex ( P = 0.021) or thalamus ( P < 0.001), and, with respect to mean arterial blood pressure, between the cerebral white matter (slope − 0.067, R = − 0.10) and thalamus (slope 0.637, R = 0.31) ( P = 0.044). The cerebral white matter CBF keeps constant during NREM sleep as well as the occipital cortical CBF, and may be specifically regulated by both CO2 vasoreactivity and pressure autoregulation.
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RamaRao, G., CK Waghmare, Nalini Srivastava, and BK Bhattacharya. "Regional alterations of JNK3 and CaMKIIα subunit expression in the rat brain after soman poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110386814.

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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) exert numerous and diverse functions in the brain. However, their role in nerve agent poisoning is poorly understood. In the present study, rats were exposed to soman (80 µg/kg) subcutaneously to study the changes in the protein levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIα) and JNK3 and activities of acetylcholinestarase (AChE) and CaMKII in the rat brain. Western blot analysis revealed that significant changes were found in both the protein kinases expression. Immunoreactivity levels of neural specific JNK3 isoform increased from 2.5 hours to 30 days after soman exposure in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus regions and decreased in the case of cerebellum. CaMKIIα expression levels were also increased from 2.5 hours to 30 days after soman exposure in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and down regulated in cerebellum. AChE activity remained inhibited in plasma and brain up to 3 days post exposure. CaMKII activity was increased in cerebrum and decreased in cerebellum. Results suggest that altered expression of both the protein kinases play a role in nerve agent-induced long-term neurotoxic effects.
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Nwokolo, Munachiso, Stephanie A. Amiel, Owen O'Daly, Megan L. Byrne, Bula M. Wilson, Andrew Pernet, Sally M. Cordon, Ian A. Macdonald, Fernando O. Zelaya, and Pratik Choudhary. "Hypoglycemic thalamic activation in type 1 diabetes is associated with preserved symptoms despite reduced epinephrine." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19842680.

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Brain responses to low plasma glucose may be key to understanding the behaviors that prevent severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of long duration, hypoglycemia aware type 1 diabetes on cerebral blood flow responses to hypoglycemia. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 15 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 15 non-diabetic controls during a two-step hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. Symptom, hormone, global cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral blood flow responses to hypoglycemia were measured. Epinephrine release during hypoglycemia was attenuated in type 1 diabetes, but symptom score rose comparably in both groups. A rise in global cerebral blood flow did not differ between groups. Regional cerebral blood flow increased in the thalamus and fell in the hippocampus and temporal cortex in both groups. Type 1 diabetes demonstrated lesser anterior cingulate cortex activation; however, this difference did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Thalamic cerebral blood flow change correlated with autonomic symptoms, and anterior cingulate cortex cerebral blood flow change correlated with epinephrine response across groups. The thalamus may thus be involved in symptom responses to hypoglycemia, independent of epinephrine action, while anterior cingulate cortex activation may be linked to counterregulation. Activation of these regions may have a role in hypoglycemia awareness and avoidance of problematic hypoglycemia.
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kakou, Medard, Fulbert Kouakou, Dominique N’dri Oka, Alban Slim Mbende, Johann Peltier, and Stéphane Velut. "Microanatomy of Thalamic Radiations." International Journal of Human Anatomy 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-17-1719.

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Background Thalamic radiations also known as thalamocortical pathways are reciprocal myelinated nerve fibers, arranged in a fanning pattern, grouped into tracts or fasciculi; and connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Detailed in vitro study of these tracts is seldom reported in the literature. Objective We sought to describe the microanatomy of thalamic radiations by means of the fiber-dissection technique to discuss challenges in dissection techniques and anatomic nomenclature, and follow through with a literature review. Methods Twenty formalin-fixed normal human hemispheres were dissected according to Klingler’s fiber-dissection technique under operative microscope. Results Thalamic radiations are reciprocal myelinated nerve fibers connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex and are referred to as corticothalamic and thalamocortical tracts. They are the most medial fibers of the internal capsule and consist of anterior (thalamofrontal), superior (thalamo-fronto-parietal or thalamoparietal), posterior (thalamooccipital) and inferior (thalamotemporal) thalamic fasciculi. Conclusion From the cerebral cortex, thalamic radiation fibers fan out into the thalamus and are the most medial fibers of the internal capsule. There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the distinction between anterior and superior thalamic radiations, sub-ependymal stratum and the fronto-occipital fasciculus.
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McCormick, David A. "Neurotransmitter Actions in the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 9, no. 2 (April 1992): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199204010-00004.

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Swanson, Larry W., Olaf Sporns, and Joel D. Hahn. "The network organization of rat intrathalamic macroconnections and a comparison with other forebrain divisions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 18, 2019): 13661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905961116.

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The thalamus is 1 of 4 major divisions of the forebrain and is usually subdivided into epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus. The 39 gray matter regions comprising the large dorsal thalamus project topographically to the cerebral cortex, whereas the much smaller epithalamus (2 regions) and ventral thalamus (5 regions) characteristically project subcortically. Before analyzing extrinsic inputs and outputs of the thalamus, here, the intrinsic connections among all 46 gray matter regions of the rat thalamus on each side of the brain were expertly collated and subjected to network analysis. Experimental axonal pathway-tracing evidence was found in the neuroanatomical literature for the presence or absence of 99% of 2,070 possible ipsilateral connections and 97% of 2,116 possible contralateral connections; the connection density of ipsilateral connections was 17%, and that of contralateral connections 5%. One hub, the reticular thalamic nucleus (of the ventral thalamus), was found in this network, whereas no high-degree rich club or clear small-world features were detected. The reticular thalamic nucleus was found to be primarily responsible for conferring the property of complete connectedness to the intrathalamic network in the sense that there is, at least, one path of finite length between any 2 regions or nodes in the network. Direct comparison with previous investigations using the same methodology shows that each division of the forebrain (cerebral cortex, cerebral nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus) has distinct intrinsic network topological organization. A future goal is to analyze the network organization of connections within and among these 4 divisions of the forebrain.
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Benzi, G., O. Pastoris, F. Marzatico, and R. F. Villa. "Cerebral Enzyme Antioxidant System. Influence of Aging and Phosphatidylcholine." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.56.

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To obtain a comprehensive profile of the age-related changes of the antioxidant enzyme system in discrete brain regions (cortex, caudate-putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus), the present study involved practically the total life span of male Wistar rats (from 5 to 35 months of age). The activities of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase increase from 5 to 25 months of life and remain relatively constant or decrease scantily thereafter. In thalamus, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) increases from 5 to 20 months of rat life and decreases thereafter. Conversely, in both substantia nigra and caudate-putamen, enzyme activity declines steadily with age, while in parietotemporal cortex enzyme activity deteriorates from the 25th month onward. In both caudate-putamen and parietotemporal cortex, the activity of glutathione peroxidase increases from 5 to 20 months of life and remains relatively constant thereafter, while in substantia nigra the enzyme activity is practically unmodified during the life span. Furthermore, the activity of glutathione reductase in parietotemporal cortex declines from the 20th month onward, while in caudate-putamen and thalamus, enzyme activity deteriorates after an increase from 5 to 20 months of life. The interference of phosphatidylcholine and/or its metabolite(s) with the cerebral enzyme antioxidant system shows a characteristic specificity as regards both the time of onset and the enzyme activities involved, namely, SOD and glutathione reductase. The interference with SOD is related to the cytosolic form of the enzyme and affects the cortex only of 5-month-old animals and also extends to the thalamus of 15-month-old rats and all regions in 25-month-old ones. The interference of phosphatidylcholine and/or its metabolite(s) with glutathione reductase is found in the brain of 25-month-old rats.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thalmus; Cerebral cortex"

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Adams, Niels C. "An investigation of the rat's perireticular nucleus and its possible role in the formation of corticofugal and corticopetal connections." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308700.

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Chen, Yijing. "Investigating the mechanism by which thalamocortical projections reach the cerebral cortex." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6517.

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This thesis provides insights into the mechanism by which thalamocortical axons (TCAs) approach the cortex from their origin in the thalamus. Previous studies suggested that the reciprocal projections from the prethalamus and the ventral telencephalon guide TCAs to descend through the prethalamus and cross the diencephalic-telencephalic boundary (DTB), after which TCAs navigate through permissive corridor cells in the ventral telencephalon and cross the pallial-subpallial boundary (PSPB) before reaching their final targets in the cortex. The ‘Handshake Hypothesis’ proposed that pioneer axons from cortical preplate neurons guide TCAs into corresponding cortical areas. However, there is a lack of convincing evidence on whether TCAs need any guidance to cross the PSPB. In the current study, Adenomatous polyposis (Apc) gene is conditionally deleted from the cortex, by using Emx1Cre-APCloxP recombination technology. Apc is widely expressed in the nervous system including the cortical plate of the cortex and regulates axonal growth and neuronal differentiation. Deleting Apc may block neurite extension and/or affect the formation of attractive or repulsive cues in the cortex. By using DiI tracing as well as L1 immunohistochemistry techniques, I showed that in the Apc mutants cortical axons are absent and that TCAs initially navigate into the ventral telencephalon normally but fail to complete their journey into the cortex. They stop as they approach the PSPB, although the PSPB doesn’t seem to be directly affected by the mutation of Apc in the cortex. Additionally, Ig-Nrg1 (Neuregulin-1), the secreted protein that was suggested to play long-range roles in attracting TCAs towards the cortex, is present in the Apc mutant. This implies that Ig-Nrg1 is not sufficient for guiding TCAs into the cortex, and that additional guidance factors are needed. Moreover, my in vitro explant culture experiments show that the mutant cortex neither repel nor inhibit thalamic axonal outgrowth, indicating that the failure of TCAs in reaching the cortex is not due to the change of repulsive cues secreted by the mutant cortex. It rather indicates that the guidance factors for TCAs are likely to function through cell-cell contact mediated mechanisms. The Apc mutant cortex lacks these guidance factors, which might be the cortical axons. In conclusion, my data reveal a choice point for TCAs at the PSPB. Guidance factors from the cortex are needed for TCAs to cross the PSPB, which are absent in the Apc mutant. TCAs may need the direct contact with cortical axons and use them as an axonal scaffold to navigate into the cerebral cortex.
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Doig, Natalie M. "Cortical and thalamic innervation of striatum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572466.

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The basal ganglia are a collection of sub-cortical nuclei involved in the execution of a range of motor and cognitive behaviours. The striatum is the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, receiving major excitatory innervation from the cerebral cortex and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The main target of these two pathways are the principal striatal neurons, the medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which are subdivided based on their axonal targets and the expression of molecular markers. Direct pathway neurons project to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and express the D, dopamine receptor subtype, whereas indirect pathway MSNs project to the output nuclei via the globus pallidus, and express the D2 receptor. The striatum also contains interneurons that are essential in processing information within striatum; the cholinergic interneuron is of particular interest due to its role in reward-related behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine the cortical and thalamic innervation of subtypes of striatal neurons. To examine whether the cortical or thalamic afferents selectively innervate direct or indirect pathway neurons, transgenic mice expressing GFP under either the D, or D2 receptor promoter were used. Striatal sections from these mice were immunostained to reveal the GFP and selective markers of the cortical and thalamic afferents, VGluTI and VGluT2, respectively. A quantitative electron microscopic examination ofsynaptic connectivity was carried out. The results indicate that there is no selectivity of either the cortical or thalamic pathway for D, or D2 expressing MSNs. Thus both direct and indirect pathway MSNs are involved in the processing of both cortical and thalamic information The cortical and thalamic innervation to cholinergic interneurons was also examined. Stimulation of cortex and thalamus in vivo in anaesthetised rats resulted in short-latency excitatory responses in identified cholinergic interneurons, indicative of monosynaptic connections. After recording, cholinergic interneurons were filled with neurobiotin. The synaptic innervation from cortex and thalamus was then examined in two individual, electrophysiologically characterised, and neurochemically identified cholinergic interneurons. One neuron received input from both cortex and thalamus, whereas the other neuron received input from the thalamus only. These results provide anatomical and physiological data illustrating how the excitatory inputs to striatum innervate cholinergic interneurons.
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Mann, Fanny. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans la formation des projections thalamocorticales : étude in vitro." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T161.

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Bagnard, Dominique. "Étude des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des connexions cortico-thalamiques : rôle des interactions axo-axonales et des Sémaphorines." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T197.

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Srinivasan, Latha. "Advanced neuroimaging techniques to study the development of the cerebral cortex, subplate and thalamus in preterm infants at 3 Tesla." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8097.

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Preterm infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay, cognitive dysfunction, and behavioural disturbances. Recent studies of older preterm children with cognitive impairments implicate morphological and functional cortical abnormalities. However elucidation of the preterm cortical abnormalities has been challenging due to specific neonatal features. Using 3 Tesla neonatal MR images and Expectation Maximisation/Marko Random Field segmentation with incorporation of a novel knowledge based technique for removal of mislabelled partial volume voxels, neonatal 3D cortical extraction was possible from 25 to 48 weeks gestation. This enabled the study of the true cortical scaling exponent, cortical thickness, regional volumes and curvature measurements. It showed a relative excess of the cortical surface area for its volume which corresponded with a change in the intrinsic curvature and fissuration up to 36 weeks gestation, after which, the relative growth of the surface area and volume were proportional leading to dominant changes in the extrinsic curvature and cortical folding. Thus the curvature measurements showed an important mechanistic property of convolution. By term equivalent age, the cortex was thicker and there were changes in cortical curvature although there were no differences in the cortical surface area of preterm infants compared to term born controls. There were specific frontal and parietal deficits in the cortical volume. Diffusion MR showed that although the early cortical anisotropy diminished to noise levels by 35 weeks, the mean diffusivity reduced during the entire third trimester due to changes in the radial diffusivity. Regional variations in the mean diffusivity occurred during development with frontal abnormalities persisting at term equivalent age. Subplate and thalamic quantification showed important development features during the third trimester, however in the absence of overt lesions no associations with cortical measures were found. Thus this thesis provides interesting and novel insights into the macroscopic and microscopic development of the cortex.
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泰岳, 中野, and Yasutake Nakano. "Parvalbumin-producing striatal interneurons received excitatory inputs onto proximal dendrites from motor thalamus in male mice." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13060318/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13060318/?lang=0.

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本研究は、線条体パルブアルブミン発現ニューロン(PVニューロン)が受け取るグルタミン酸作動性軸索投射を順行性ウィルストレーサーを用い形態学的に調べた。その結果、運動皮質および視床腹側部からのグルタミン酸作動性軸索入力はいずれもPVニューロン樹状突起の広範囲に投射を行っているものの、視床腹側部の投射のみが細胞体から20µｍ程度の近位樹状突起に高密度な分布を示すことが明らかとなった。
Using bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing somatodendritic membrane–targeted green fluorescent protein in striatal parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, we demonstrate that glutamatergic inputs originating from the ventral anterior/ventral lateral motor thalamus preferentially contact on proximal dendrites, while inputs from motor cortex are uniformly distributed on PV neurons. These results were confirmed using a combination of vesicular glutamate transporter immunoreactions. Collectively, these findings suggest that PV neurons produce fast and reliable inhibition of medium spiny neurons in response to thalamic inputs. In contrast, excitatory inputs from motor cortices modulate PV dendrite excitability, possibly in concert with other glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic inputs.
博士(理学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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LEVESQUE-MARCHAND, FABIENNE. "Motricite visuo-guidee chez le chat : role des voies ponto-cerebello-corticale et ponto-cerebello-rubrale." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066365.

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Books on the topic "Thalmus; Cerebral cortex"

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W, Guillery R., and Sherman S. Murray, eds. Exploring the thalamus and its role in cortical function. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2006.

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Zoltán, Molnár. Development of thalamocortical connections. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Subcortical functions in language and memory. New York: Guilford Press, 1992.

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Sherman, S. Murray, and R. W. Guillery. Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function. MIT Press, 2009.

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Sherman, S. Murray, and R. W. Guillery. Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function. MIT Press, 2009.

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Sherman, S. Murray, and R. W. Guillery. Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function. MIT Press, 2009.

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Cortical Function: A View from the Thalamus, Volume 149 (Progress in Brain Research). Elsevier Science, 2005.

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Cortical function: A view from the thalamus. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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Sherman, S. Murray, and R. W. Guillery. Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus. MIT Press, 2013.

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Sherman, S. Murray, and R. W. Guillery. Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus. MIT Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thalmus; Cerebral cortex"

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Diamond, Mathew E. "Somatosensory Thalamus of the Rat." In Cerebral Cortex, 189–219. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9616-2_4.

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Heimer, Lennart. "The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus." In The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 433–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2478-5_22.

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Muzzi, Patrizia, Paola Camera, Ferdinando Di Cunto, and Alessandro Vercelli. "Role of Citron K in the Development of Cerebral Cortex." In Development and Plasticity in Sensory Thalamus and Cortex, 92–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-38607-2_6.

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Shaikh, Aasef, and Fajun Wang. "Eye Movements and Vestibular Dysfunction: Lesions of Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex." In Eye Movements in the Critical Care Setting, 151–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70221-2_10.

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Inoue, Hiroshi K., Satoru Horikoshi, and Chihiro Ohye. "Metabolic Depression in the Striatum, Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex due to Lesions in the Globus Pallidus." In Advances in Behavioral Biology, 277–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0194-1_32.

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Benarroch, Eduardo E., Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, and Kelly D. Flemming. "Supratentorial Level." In Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences, edited by Eduardo E. Benarroch, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, and Kelly D. Flemming, 657–716. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190209407.003.0019.

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The supratentorial level consists of 2 main anatomical regions: the diencephalon and the telencephalon. The anatomy, physiology, and clinical correlations of lesions affecting the diencephalon and visual pathways are described in another chapter. The telencephalon forms the cerebral hemispheres, which consist of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and subcortical white matter tracts that interconnect areas of the cerebral cortex with one another and with the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. The medial portion of the cerebral hemispheres includes the amygdala, hippocampal formation, and cingulate cortex. These areas are involved in emotional and memory processing. The olfactory system is intimately related to these structures. The lateral and inferior aspects of the cerebral hemispheres include most of the frontal, insular, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Neurons distributed in several cortical areas interact, forming functional networks that control different cognitive functions.
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McCormick, David A. "Thalamocortical Networks." In Handbook of Brain Microcircuits, edited by Gordon M. Shepherd and Sten Grillner, 99–108. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636111.003.0009.

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The thalamus and cerebral cortex are intimately linked through strong topographical connections, not only from the thalamus to the cortex, but also from the cortex back to the thalamus. As in many parts of the brain, the basic circuit of thalamocortical connectivity is relatively simple, although intracortical and corticocortical connectivity provides a high level of complexity. One of the basic operations of the thalamocortical network is the generation of rhythmic oscillations, which are now relatively well understood. In the normal brain, these thalamocortical oscillations typically occur during sleep, although their pathological counterparts may appear as seizures during sleep or waking. Unfortunately, the normal function of reciprocal thalamocortical connectivity during the waking state is still unknown. Even so, focused research is yielding insights into the properties of each of the cellular and synaptic components of these networks and how they interact to perform circuitwide operations.
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Penrose, Roger, and Martin Gardner. "Real Brains and Model Brains." In The Emperor's New Mind. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198519737.003.0017.

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Inside our heads is a magnificent structure that controls our actions and somehow evokes an awareness of the world around. Yet, as Alan Turing once put it, it resembles nothing so much as a bowl of cold porridge! It is hard to see how an object of such unpromising appearance can achieve the miracles that we know it to be capable of. Closer examination, however, begins to reveal the brain as having a much more intricate structure and sophisticated organization. The large convoluted (and most porridge-like) portion on top is referred to as the cerebrum. It is divided cleanly down the middle into left and right cerebral hemispheres, and considerably less cleanly front and back into the frontal lobe and three other lobes: the parietal, temporal and occipital. Further down, and at the back lies a rather smaller, somewhat spherical portion of the brain - perhaps resembling two balls of wool - the cerebellum. Deep inside, and somewhat hidden under the cerebrum, lie a number of curious and complicated-looking different structures: the pons and medulla (including the reticular formation, a region that will concern us later) which constitute the brain-stem, the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and many other strange and oddly named constructions. The part that human beings feel that they should be proudest of is the cerebrum - for that is not only the largest part of the human brain, but it is also larger, in its proportion of the brain as a whole, in man than in other animals. (The cerebellum is also larger in man than in most other animals.) The cerebrum and cerebellum have comparatively thin outer surface layers of grey matter and larger inner regions of white matter. These regions of grey matter are referred to as, respectively, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar cortex. The grey matter is where various kinds of computational task appear to be performed, while the white matter consists of long nerve fibres carrying signals from one part of the brain to another. Various parts of the cerebral cortex are associated with very specific functions.
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McComas, Alan J. "Awaking the Cortex." In Sherrington's Loom, 103–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936549.003.0007.

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This chapter tells the story of the discovery of the reticular activating system. At the same time, the chapter traces various attempts to address the larger question of “waking” the cortex and bringing it to a state of consciousness. It turns to two scientists, Horace Magoun and Giuseppe Moruzzi, both of whom conducted experiments to explore the possible effects on the cerebral cortex of stimulating the brain stem. Since the brain’s reticular formation ended just below the thalamus on either side, it was logical to see if it might alter cortical excitability. The chapter shows how Magoun and Moruzzi came to the conclusion that, through its action on the excitability of the cortex, the reticular formation could control the wakefulness of the brain.
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"Nociceptive Transmission to Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex." In Pain and Headache, 213–63. S. Karger AG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000410156.

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