Journal articles on the topic 'Thailand Economic integration'
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1
Srisanit, Witchanee. "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Opportunities and Challenges for Thailand." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 4(49) (2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-4-49-132-144.
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Multilateral economic cooperation in the framework of RCEP is one of Thailand's main goals for its integration into the global economy. Due to its geographical location in the center of Southeast Asia, which maintains its leading role in the region, especially in economic aspects, Thailand will be able to make use of its Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) project to expand international trade with various partners in larger markets and attract foreign investment to the country through the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC 2025), and the China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Within the framework of the cooperation, Thailand, however, will face not only numerous opportunities, but also challenges.
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Tinh, Bui Duc, and Pham Xuan Hung. "Regional Economic Integration and Risks for Agricultural Products." International Journal of Applied Logistics 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2020010103.
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This article aims to analyze the impact of regional economic integration on agricultural production risk in the case study of banana value chain in Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, one of the provinces located on East-West economic corridor. The article utilises methods of value chain analysis that is mainly based on descriptive statistical analysis, combining with qualitative and quantitative analysis to describe the structure, mechanism of operation and the creation of values. The research results indicate that the bananas are consumed in both the domestic and abroad market, namely: 80% of Huong Hoa banana is consumed in the Chinese market, and 5% is exported to the Thailand market and the 15% remaining is for the domestic market. Banana farmers are the agents holding the highest financial position on all three indicators of cost, marginal revenue and profit, but the least of benefit in channels in all three markets: China, Thailand and domestic market. The study also points out that the highly dependent degree of Chinese market is one of the main factors creating instability and unsustainability of the banana value chain in Huong Hoa district in the long-term. This article highlights the risks of agricultural products (cases of bananas) under the regional economic integration process.
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Eom, Eunhui. "Special Border Economic Zones in Thailand and Economic Integration of the Mekong Region." Asia Review 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24987/snuacar.2019.02.8.2.35.
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Darlington, Susan M. "Buddhist Integration of Forest and Farm in Northern Thailand." Religions 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090521.
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Usually seen as incompatible, forests and farms are integrated by Buddhist environmental activists in Thailand. Monks engaged in environmental conservation see the conditions of farmers’ lives as related to how they treat the forests surrounding their farms. If farmers seek their livelihood through cash-cropping and contract farming, they see the forest as a material resource in terms of land for future farms. This attitude contributes to the rapid deforestation occurring across northern Thailand’s mountainous region and a cycle of environmental degradation and economic struggle. Buddhist monks work with non-governmental organizations and sometimes state agents to encourage farmers to shift to integrated agriculture, growing a mix of food crops and raising animals mimicking ecological relations. The monks teach that the forest is part of this eco-system, as it supplies water and other natural resources and must be protected. This paper examines the work of Phrakhru Somkit Jaranathammo, a monk in Nan Province, Thailand, who promotes dhammic agriculture and engages a new interpretation of Right Livelihood, a basic Buddhist principle, to support and protect the well-being of both the forest and farmers.
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Rimmer, P. J. "Regional economic integration in Pacific Asia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 11 (November 1994): 1731–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x9402601104.
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The emergence of a new infrastructural arena in Europe has prompted searches for similar ‘macroeconomic corridors’ in the United States and Japan. Although they can easily be discovered in the United States, confining attention to Japan omits new regional forms brought about by economic integration in Pacific Asia. After examining the driving forces behind regional economic integration—rival firms, rival states, and supranational organisations—interest is focused on the ‘Japan Corridor’ and emerging zones of economic cooperation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea as the building blocks of an East Asian development corridor. The rudiments of a Southeast Asian corridor are also examined by centring attention on the ‘Growth Triangle’ (Singapore-Johor-Riau), the ‘Northern Triangle’ (northern Malaysia-southern Thailand-northern Sumatra), and other manifestations of regional economic cooperation. More speculative discussion considers how a Pacific Asian corridor could emerge from further zones of economic cooperation in both Indochina and the Japan Sea. Its pivot could be the Hong Kong-Shanghai-Taipei triangle—a reflection of the likely emergence of a greater Chinese economic grouping.
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Tan, Lay Hong. "WILL ASEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION PROGRESS BEYOND A FREE TRADE AREA?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 4 (October 2004): 935–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.4.935.
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The raison d'être of ASEAN was a political one,1 to secure the region's peace, stability, and development. Against all odds, the founding members, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand signed the ASEAN Declaration on 8 August 1967. Brunei was admitted in January 1984, Vietnam in 1995, which was followed closely by Laos and Myanmar in 1997. Thirty-two years later, on 30 April 1999, ASEAN formally encompassed all ten countries of South-East Asia by admitting Cambodia.2
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Balasubramaniam, Arunnan, Shazali Abu Mansor, and Chin‐Hong Puah. "The Relationship between Trade Integration and Economic Growth: Case of ASEAN-5 Countries." Global Economy Journal 16, no. 4 (December 2016): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2016-0024.
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This paper studies how regional trade among ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) help in expanding the member countries’ output. This paper applies ARDL bound testing approach with instrumental variables to explore the relationship and finds that estimates is in range of 0.27–0.55 %. The paper concludes that trade integration should be promoted in order to stimulate economic growth within each country.
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Xu, Wenqian, and Sikander Islam. "What Does ASEAN Economic Community Bring to Older Workers? Examining Inequality in Old Age in Thailand’s Fast-Ageing Society." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 7, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v7i1.5590.
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The ASEAN Economic Community is envisaged to promote economic integration initiatives to create a single market across Southeast Asian member countries. It is acknowledged that the intergovernmental initiatives need to be accommodative to national and regional contexts. Thailand, as a pivotal and active partnership, endeavours to facilitate economic transformation and regional integration within the ASEAN and cope with population ageing in Thai society. Since Thailand has been the third most rapidly ageing country in the world, demographic changes pose new challenges for how to achieve persistent economic growth, productive employment and decent work. This article is based on a qualitative approach to investigate the emergent inequality within and across age cohorts shaped by the AEC structural forces, as well as utilizes reliable secondary data to formulate argumentation, including academic publications, policy analysis, scientific reports. We are particularly concerned about the heterogeneity and poverty in old age from the perspective of cumulative advantages/disadvantages. In conclusion, this article suggests policy recommendations of mitigating inequality in old age and advocates a critical lens to examine how political economic structure shapes older individuals in the labour market.
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Verico, Kiki. "The Key Factors of Economic Integration in Southeast Asia: Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i2.887.
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Shifting from intra-regional trade to that of investment is the major aim of the economic integration of Southeast Asia. This article attempts to analyse the two essential factors of it, one is intra-regional trade and two is economic community. For the first analysis it selects Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand as the observed countries and for the second analysis it takes Indonesia as the field study. Firstly, this article finds that free trade agreement is effective to increases intra-regional trade but ineffective to attract investment therefore Southeast Asia needs to amplify its open-regionalism principle. Secondly, it finds that private sector is ready towards the economic community therefore the ASEAN Economic Community is fit for the recent Southeast Asia’s integration.
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Aziza, Nurul, M. Adhi Prasnowo, and Khoirul Hidayat. "Halal Tourism, Cerfication Regulation, and Research Institute Insigh From IMT-GT Countries: A Review." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i3.52.
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The Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle) began as an initial effort of liberalization and economic integration in ASEAN. IMT-GT was officially endorsed in 1993, provides a sub-regional framework to accelerate cooperation and economic integration to develop the country's economy. With the increasingly vigorous issue of halal, then established the institution to oversee and provide assurance against halal products. This article explains halal tourism, regulation on halal certification as well as research institute about halal. There are by providing the differences between the three developing countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Indonesia has regulation about concerning guarantee of halal products regulation UU number 33 year 2014. Malaysia has an advantage in terms of regulations and laws on halal certification, but not so with Indonesia as a country with a majority Muslim population. Indonesia has not made halal certification as a guarantee of food and beverage product safety. Indonesia also has a large and free halal market, clear rules, but in implementation it can be said to be weak. Whereas in Malaysia, halal research is quite strong and shows an increasing trend, public awareness about halal is also strong so that the process of certifying halal products goes synergistically. But in Thailand is still starting steps towards halal research. But on the other hand, producers in Thailand have a high awareness of the importance of producing halal products.
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Ku, Samuel C. Y. "Laos in 2015." Asian Survey 56, no. 1 (January 2016): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.1.148.
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Laos’ economy declined slightly in 2015, but its political and economic integration with neighboring countries gradually deepened. While China continued to be a key actor in Vientiane’s foreign relations, Laos’ ties with neighboring Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and even Japan and South Korea also strengthened in 2015.
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Galović, Tomislav. "International competitiveness of ASEAN regional integration." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 1 (2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.1.2.
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Purpose: In addition to being one of the major regional integrations, owing to its favorable geopolitical position, demographic indicators, and economic power, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is also one of the world’s largest and most influential economic superpowers. This paper aims to examine the international competitiveness and trade of ASEAN member states. Methodology: The research methodology is based on the use of a group of indicators of trade balance, intra-industry trade, the share of exports in imports, trade openness, and the share of exports in GDP in the period from 2013 to 2017. Results: The main results of the paper refer to the evaluation of the competitive position of ASEAN member states’ in international terms (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia), as well as to the aggregated results of ASEAN regional integration indicators. Conclusion: The paper’s concluding remarks are an attempt to determine the trading position of ASEAN member states and provide recommendations on how to enhance their international competitiveness.
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Pawakapan, Niti. "Trade and Traders: Local Becomes National." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (September 2000): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400017604.
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Growing inter-regional trade has created closer ties between a remote.Thai market town near the Burma-Thailand border and the central region of Thailand. With more outside traders — armed with new kinds of goods — coming to trade, the central region, Bangkok in particular, is no longer a strange, faraway land, and Central Thai, which is used in trade, has become a familiar language in the town. Such new economic activities are thus a crucial factor in national integration, and help strengthen the ideology of the modern Thai nation.
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Panjaitan, Yunia, and Siti Saadah. "Volatility Spillover Analysis Post Implementation of AEC 2015 Agreement: Empirical Study on ASEAN-5 Stock Market." International Journal of Financial Research 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n2p105.
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Efforts to improve financial integration that continue to be implemented after the implementation of the Asean Economic Community 2015 agreement, can encourage increased integration of capital markets in countries within the region. This study was conducted to investigate the spillover of volatility between stock markets that accompanied the ongoing efforts of financial integration carried out by ASEAN member countries. Investigation of volatility spillover is done by applying Exponential GARCH method on time series daily data of stock return of ASEAN-5 countries period September 2016 - December 20, 2017. If previous studies found significant spillover of volatility from Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines, the results of this study show that only Singapore's stock exchanges consistently have a significant impact on the Indonesian stock market. The turmoil in the Singapore stock market will be consistently transmitted to the Indonesian stock market. However, efforts to improve the financial integration carried out by ASEAN member countries have not consistently caused the turmoil in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines stock exchange to be transmitted to the Indonesian stock market.
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Pasciana, Rostiena, and Ieke Sartika Iriany. "Asean Integration In Improving Indonesian Women Education: A Literature Review." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v1i2.16.
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia established in Bangkok, Thailand, on August 8, 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. For more th an five decades ASEAN has experienced many positive and significant developments towards a more integrative and forward - looking stage with the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015. The ASEAN Community not only affects the economic sector, but also other sectors, including "education" as an effort to build competitive human resources. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) challenges in education that will be faced are the proliferation o f foreign educational institutions, standardization of orientation in education, which is pro - market, and markets labor that will be flooded by foreign workers. Therefore, the era of ASEAN free trade should be welcomed by the world of education quickly, so that the human resources (HR) of Indonesia, especially by women who still have low resource. They should be prepared for facing an intense competition with other countries. ASEAN countries have considered synchronizing the certification standards, streng thening, and improving the skills and knowledge of ASEAN youth and women in the regional integration process. Therefore, ASEAN countries have always been active in encouraging cooperative relations in various levels of education and training, at the same t ime encouraging all organizations and schools in each country to seek cooperation partners in other countries of the ASEAN region.
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Vora-Sittha, Pornpen. "Is Thai Banking Ready for AEC Financial Liberalization in 2020?" Asian Social Science 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2016): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n5p226.
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<p>Thai banking’s readiness before approaching a new phase of regional economic integration under AEC’s Financial Liberalization in 2020 is evaluated through the applications of Financial Development Index (FDI), developed by World Economic Forum (WEF). The paper assesses bank’s readiness for regional competition by using readiness index constructed in this study. Data limitation allows this article to cover only six countries in ASEAN, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis includes four pillars and one sub-pillar out of 7 pillars representing the whole financial system. Results show that Singapore’s banking system is the readiest country for regional competition, followed by Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines. The banking sector in Thailand is not quite ready for AEC financial liberalization. The pillars that weaken Thai banking system are the “Institutional environment” and the “Business environment”. The country needs to improve these two pillars to foster its competency for AEC challenges.</p>
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Jindapitak, Naratip. "English as an ASEAN lingua franca and the role of nativeness in English education in Thailand." English Today 35, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841800024x.
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English has been increasingly used in Thailand as a lingua franca; that is, a means of communication between people who do not share a mother tongue nor speak English as a native language. Given the integration of ASEAN nations to form an economic region, the use of English as lingua franca (ELF) in Thailand and other member states of ASEAN will likely continue to increase at a significant rate. Kagnarith, Klein and Middlecamp (2012) observe that the increasing use of English as an inter-regional language of communication probably results from two causes. First, the use of English as ASEAN's working lingua franca has already been in effect. Second, the promotion of English as an international business language is one objective of the plan for the regional integration of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In fact, the campaign to promote English as an official lingua franca in ASEAN is based on Article 34 of The ASEAN Charter ratified in February 2009: ‘The working language of ASEAN shall be English’.
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Bin Mohamad, Mohamad Hanapi. "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LAW IN ASEAN COUNTRIES: PROSPECT FOR ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v0ixx.21918.
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<p>The development of ASEAN towards the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015 has brought into sharp focus on the issue of economic and financial integration in the region. The ASEAN region has been the largest recipient of FDI, relative to GDP in Asia Pacific. Between 1952 and 2012, Singapore accounts for more than half of total FDI to the whole region. Thailand ranks the second with a 13 percent share, followed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines which account between 13 to 8 percent. Foreign direct investment into ASEAN recovered from the world economic crisis and regained its 2007 level of USD 76 thousand million in 2010. ASEAN Dialogue Partners comprising EU, USA and Japan accounted USD 64 thousand million, while the share of Intra-ASEAN in this total was 16% which indicates the progress of ASEAN integration. Theories of economic integration and market liberalization have been used to explain the role of foreign direct investment in developing countries. This paper aims to examine ASEAN’s financial integration prospects. ASEAN integration could accelerate in the years ahead with enhancing financial infrastructure and reliable flexible policy frameworks. On the long term closer engagement among member countries could potentially increase real incomes and accelerate real convergence.</p>
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Haggerty, Robert J. "International Perspectives in Early Emotional Development." Pediatrics 102, Supplement_E1 (November 1, 1998): 1327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.se1.1327.
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This article provides a unique look at development—the lessons highly industrialized nations can learn from the rest of the world. Thailand, for example, created a comprehensive child development program through integration of health, education, economic development, social welfare, and community involvement. The program was proven to improve developmental outcomes that included IQ and nutritional status.
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Abimanyu, Yoopi. "Stock Market Integration as a part of Financial Market in the ASEAN Economic Community." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 19, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v19i1.31.
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This paper is trying to assess whether the stock market in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, among others Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippine, Malaysia, and Vietnam, are integrated monthly data from January 2000 until August 2014. To support that analysis, a somewhat similar approached is done for the foreign exchange market in the same ASEAN member countries. The empirical results suggest that the ASEAN stock markets are co-integrated (except Philippines). Also, there is a positive relationship between Indonesia's and other ASEAN member countries' foreign exchange market. Those analysis were done in relationship with the new regional condition, faced by the new government just recently elected, that is, the ASEAN common market, which would be implemented in 2015.
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Laosutsan, Pheesphan, Ganesh P. Shivakoti, and Peeyush Soni. "Comparative advantage and export potential of Thai vegetable products following the integration into the ASEAN Economic Community." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0029.
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International trade, which is the exchange of capital, goods and services across international borders or territories, has contributed to the rapid global economic growth in recent decades. In Southeast Asia, the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian (ASEAN) Free Trade Area and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community have benefited Thai entrepreneurs and other member countries’ as nearly all import restrictions are removed and market entry barriers lowered. The ASEAN is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region; and comprises 10 member states: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Specifically, this research has explored the possible economic impacts of trade liberalization and improved connectivity on Thailand’s exportation of 23 vegetable product groups to the ASEAN member states (AMSs) using the Revealed Comparative Advantage and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage indices based on the 2009-2013 datasets. In the analysis, the indices were applied to the 14 fresh and 9 preserved vegetable product groups from 15 countries (i.e. AMSs, Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the USA) to determine their comparative advantages. The dendrogram was used to cluster the countries with regard to their ability to export the fresh and preserved vegetable products. In addition, the Boston Consulting Group matrix was utilized to determine the relative market positions of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetables. The analysis results identified four each of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetable product groups with high comparative advantage in the ASEAN market.
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Teerawattananon, Yot, Sripen Tantivess, Jomkwan Yothasamut, Pritaporn Kingkaew, and Kakanang Chaisiri. "Historical development of health technology assessment in Thailand." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090709.
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Objectives: This study aims to review the development of health technology assessment (HTA), including the socioeconomic context, outputs, and policy utilization in the Thai setting.Methods: This study was conducted through extensive document reviews including these published in both domestic and international literature.Results: Evidence suggests that contextual elements of the health system, especially the country's economic status and health financing reforms, as well as their effects on government budgeting for medical and public health services, played an important role in the increasing needs and demands for HTA information among policy makers. In the midst of substantial economic growth during the years 1982 to 1996, several studies reported the rapid diffusion and poor distribution of health technologies, and inequitable access to high-cost technology in public and private hospitals. At the same time, economic analysis and its underpinning concept of efficiency were suggested by groups of scholars and health officials to guide national policy on the investment in health technology equipment. Related research and training programs were subsequently launched. However, none of these HTA units could be institutionalized into national bodies. From 1997 to 2005, an economic recession, followed by the introduction of a universal health coverage plan, triggered the demands for effective measures for cost containment and prioritization of health interventions. This made policy makers and researchers at the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) pay increasing attention to economic appraisals, and several HTA programs were established in the Ministry. Despite the rising number of Thai health economic publications, a major problem at that period involved the poor quality of studies. Since 2006, economic recovery and demands from different interests to include expensive technologies in the public health benefit package have been crucial factors promoting the role of HTA in national policy decisions. Meanwhile, HTA capacity has been strengthened through the establishment of many health economic and HTA initiatives. An illustration of the work and contributions of the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP) is provided. In this phase, HTA policy integration has been enhanced through different mechanisms and organizations.Conclusion: Over the past two decades a notable progression has been made in relation to the capacity building of HTA research and its policy utility in Thailand. Such development has been shaped by multiple factors. It is anticipated that experience gained among academics, health officials, and civil society organizations will be helpful not only in sustaining the momentum but also in improving formal HTA systems in the future.
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Saengchawek, Artit, Boonpeng Sittivongsa, Phramaha Pongtaratid Sutheero, and Promphol Samphanthano. "The Integration of Innovation to Improve the Quality of Life for the Elderly According to the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in the Upper Northeastern Region of Thailand." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 1070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22250.
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The situation faced by countries around the world is considered to be an event that has a profound impact on the well-being of the elderly. The socio-economic and political problems of Thailand are the problems that make it difficult for the elderly to adapt and struggle to Survival in today's society with both the spread of COVID-19. How is the integration of innovation in improving the quality of life for the elderly, therefore, is the main reason why it is necessary to urgently address the problem in connection with the Sustainable Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Therefore, this research aims (1)To study the level of integration of innovation to improve the quality of life of the elderly according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy in the upper northeastern region. (2)To study the factors influencing the integration of innovation to improve the quality of life of the elderly according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy in the upper northeastern region. (3) to study the approach of integrating innovation to improve the quality of life of the elderly according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy in the upper northeastern region. The research used a mixed research method with a sample of 400 people, and interviews with 10 people. The quantitative data using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The data from in-depth interviews using the content analysis method revealed that:
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Johadi, Johadi, Kresno Sarosa Pribadi, Ahmad Daerobi, and Nunung Sri Mulyani. "Economic Liberalization Impact, Fiscal Conditions, and Tax Ratio to Welfare." JEJAK 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18554.
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Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries
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Luo, Qi, and Christopher Howe. "Direct Investment and Economic Integration in the Asia Pacific: The Case of Taiwanese Investment in Xiamen." China Quarterly 136 (December 1993): 746–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100003232x.
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The Asia-Pacific region, and particularly its East Asian core, has achieved an impressive record of growth, export expansion and regional economic integration that now spans more than three decades and a wide variety of world economic environments. A key indicator of these achievements is the changing level of intra-regional foreign trade. This indicator is positive for the region as a whole over the period, although trends since 1980 are quite sensitive to the precise definition of the region employed. However, for the NICs (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore) and the ASEAN group (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philip-pines and Brunei) in isolation, intra-regional trade increased by approximately 25 per cent over the decade 1980–1990.
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Rogozhina, N. "Is Democracy Possible in Thailand?" World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-101-110.
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The political development of Thailand in XXIth century is characterized by a deep split of the society into opponents and supporters of democratization. The latter are consolidated around the figure of Taksin Sinavatra, the former prime minister. He was overthrown by the military in 2006, but still enjoys the support of the popular majority he gained due to his economic policy aimed at improving the life conditions of the poor in periphery regions. The triumph of his parties in elections since 2001 caused the new power balance in politics traditionally viewed as a focal area of the political establishment – the representatives of the Bangkok upper and middle classes only. The marginalization of their position in the political system and the impossibility of coming to power through elections determined their integration into the anti-government movement, for the purpose of cancelling the representative democracy system that doesn’t meet the interests of the traditional political elite finding itself in a “minority” and unwilling to be under the reign of a “majority”. The deepening of the political crisis provoked the military into undertaking the coup d’état in May 2014 and establishing an authoritarian regime, which ensured the accrescency of power for the traditional elite. Nevertheless, as the author concludes, the future political development of Thailand seems unclear. The power of military in cooperation with their civilian followers is unlikely to reconcile the society, split by class differences and political aspirations. The contemporary political development of Thailand reflects the situation when the “populace” doesn’t want just to remain under control any longer, and the “upper strata” refuses to be under the rule of the electoral majority. The main question raised today is not of the Taksin's destiny, but of an alternative for the Thailand's future political development – restricted democracy directed by upper classes, or representative democracy.
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Rattanathavorn, Tapanee, Khaisri Paksukcharern, and Wannasilpa Peerapun. "Existence of the Communities in Historic Ayutthaya Town, Thailand." MANUSYA 17, no. 1 (2014): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01701005.
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This article analyzes the relationship between the spatial configuration and socio-economic factors to find the existence of the communities in the historical city of Phra Nakorn Sri Ayutthaya, an island area mainly covered with historical monuments. This area has historical structures covering most of the town, so the communities here at present are small. The transportation network in the area is not systematically connected to the town itself and, thus, cannot serve a wide-range of community activities. The activities that do take place are not spread evenly across the area according to its integration value. As a consequence, communities cannot be self-reliant but instead are cross-community reliant and depend on the development of certain relationships to maintain their existence.
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Srikranjanapert, Methee, Siripha Junlakarn, and Naebboon Hoonchareon. "How an Integration of Home Energy Management and Battery System Affects the Economic Benefits of Residential PV System Owners in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052681.
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Although home energy management systems (HEMS) and batteries are part of the Thailand Smart Grid Master Plan, the financial feasibility and attractiveness of installing residential solar rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems with integration of the HEMS and battery have never been investigated. This study develops three scenarios comprising of an installation of only solar PV system, solar PV system with the HEMS, and solar PV system with integration of the HEMS and battery under the current net billing solar program for households and analyzes their financial feasibility and attractiveness by using economic measures. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the impacts of critical parameters on the feasibility of these three scenarios. Findings indicate that the installation of a solar rooftop system with the HEMS provides the highest customer economics. Although the implementation of HEMs leads to an increase in energy exports, benefits from bill savings of lower electricity consumption by using the HEM are relatively high compared to the loss from energy exports. Therefore, in the short term, the government should promote the integration of HEMS with a PV system; however, the installation of a PV system with HEMS and battery in the residential sector should be promoted when battery cost decreases.
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Sangkakorn, Korawan, Nopasit Chakpitak, and Pitipong Yodmongkol. "Local Integration Ontological Model of Creative Class Migrants for Creative Cities." International Education Studies 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n12p157.
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<p class="apa">An innovative creative class drives creative cities, urban areas in which diverse cultures are integrated into social and economic functions. The creative city of Chiang Mai, Thailand is renowned for its vibrant Lan Na culture and traditions, and draws new migrants from other areas in Thailand seeking to become part of the creative class. This study aims to classify a local integration model for the migrant creative class, and to suggest a set of indicators that could be used to measure the level of successful integration of a migrant creative class when building creative cities. This study selected twelve creative class sample cases who are well known in Chiang Mai and separated the sample into three groups; educator, researcher, and innovator. The study’s agenda consisted of open-ended questions with a semi-structured format for the in-depth interview, and follows a local integration ontology model.</p><p class="apa">The study found that the local integration model consisted of four key domains: means and work, social connection, facilities, and foundations domains. Significant factors are included in each domain, and all four domains are important for the local integration of the creative class in creative cities. Annotation Ontology was used for determining the critical factors for success for migrants in creative cities: namely job, training, social bridge, and language and cultural knowledge.</p><p class="apa">This study presents a new model, the Lan Na Local Integration Metric, which can be applied to understand the successful integration of migrants into the Lan Na region of Chiang Mai.</p>
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Purnamasari, Endah Dewi, Budi Setiawan, and Muhammad Bahrul Ulum. "Macroeconomic Indicators and Stock Market Development on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from ASEAN Countries." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 4 (February 29, 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i4.271-282.
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ASEAN region takes benefit from a great financial integration; however, this region has been subjected to external economic shock. This study focused on analyzing the impact of macroeconomic indicators and stock market development on economic growth in ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, The Philippines, and Vietnam) for the period from 2008 to 2018. The panel data was employed to determine how market capitalization, turnover ratio, real interest rate, and inflation have impact on economic growth in ASEAN. This study revealed that all stock market development variables have positive impact on economic growth, but the correlation between real interest rate and inflation was negative. As a result, this study recommends that ASEAN authorities should focus on stock market development as well as control macroeconomic variables prudently to boost economic growth
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Riyanto, Budi. "Peran dan Tantangan Kerjasama Subregional dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA): Pendekatan Multilevel Governance." Insignia Journal of International Relations 2, no. 02 (November 7, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2015.2.02.456.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini menganalisa pembentukan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) melalui pendekatan multilevel governance. Yakni, melihat dinamika integrasi ekonomi ASEAN dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan baik di tingkat makro-regional yakni pada level regional ASEAN, maupun mikro-regional yang dalam hal ini peranan di level subregional. Kapasitas kerjasama subregional sangat penting terutama sebagai dinamisator ekonomi di wilayah-wilayah terbelakang sekaligus sebagai wadah dalam menerapkan kebijakan alternatif untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan integrasi ekonomi regional. Kemampuan ASEAN untuk mendorong penyempitan jarak kesenjangan pembangunan antara negara-negara CLMV (Kamboja, Laos, Myanamar dan Vietnam) dengan ASEAN6, serta kesenjangan konektivitas antara tiga subregional yakni GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion), IMT-GT (Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle), dan BIMP-EAGA (Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area) sangat penting dalam upaya mendorong konvergensi kepentingan dan kohesivitas regional menuju kawasan yang berdaya saing.
Kata-Kata Kunci: multilevel governance, integrasi ekonomi regional, kesenjangan pembangunan, kesenjangan konektivitas, subregional.
AbstractThis research analyzes the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) using multilevel governance approach. It sees through the dynamic integration of ASEAN in the process of policy-making both at macro-regional level that is the ASEAN regional level, as well as micro-regional role in this regard subregional. The capacity of subregional cooperation is particularly important as the economic dynamist in remote areas as well as the container in implementing alternative policies to achieve the objectives of regional economic integration. ASEAN's ability to drive the distance narrowing the development gap between CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanamar and Vietnam) with ASEAN6, as well as the gap between the three subregional connectivity the GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion), IMT-GT (Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle), and BIMP-EAGA (Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area) is very important in order to encourage the convergence of interests and regional cohesion towards regional competitiveness.
Keywords: multilevel governance, regional economic integration, development gap, connectivity gap, subregional.
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Chalimah, Nur, and Rini Setyo Witiastuti. "Co-Integration and Contagion Effect in Republic of Tiongkok and Asean Stock Market during The Economic Slowdown in Republic of Tiongkok." Management Analysis Journal 9, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/maj.v9i3.31333.
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This study aims to find empirical evidence of the relationship of co-integration and contagion effect on the stock market in the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN during economic slowdown in the People's Republic of Tiongkok in 2015-2017. The samples in this study were the stock market of the People's Republic of Tiongkok, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The data used in the study are secondary data from the Composite Stock Price Index obtained from www.bloomberg.com. The research method used in this study is Vector Autoregression (VAR). The test results show that economic slowdown in the People's Republic of Tiongkok has no effect on the average JCI of the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN. There is co-integration in the average JCI of the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN. The average Indonesian JCI is not affected by the JCI average of the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN. There is contagion effect on the average JCI of the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN. Based on the results of the study it were concluded that co-integration and contagion effects occurs on the average JCI in the People's Republic of Tiongkok and ASEAN when economic slowdown occurs.
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Tan, Genevieve Liao, and John Francis Diaz. "REAL GDP GROWTH RATES OF THE ASEAN REGION: EVIDENCE OF SPILLOVERS AND ASYMMETRIC VOLATILITY EFFECTS." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 18, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v18i1.2687.
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This paper identifies economic relations using real gross domestic product (GDP) within the five Associations of South-east Asian Nation economies namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Utilizing ARMA-GARCH, ARMA-EGARCH, ARMA-APARCH models, the study captures the presence of the leverage effect, and spillover of returns and volatility. Most economies except for Singapore are consistent with leverage effects, while the Philippines showed economic resilience with having symmetric volatility response. On one hand, Thailand’s economy has consistent negative one-way relationship on Malaysia’s economy for the three models. This paper suggests that ASEAN economies work together to improve bilateral relations and market integration by trading and investing; and cooperation in terms of food production and migrant workers condition. This will help to reinforce their economic and political relationships that can help boost their respective economies, and sense of regionalism. ASEAN should help each other by sharing their ways to improve the standards of living of their citizens, promotion of safer security and anti-terrorism activities, provide a safer place for the national and overseas workers, trade goods and sell in competitive prices, improve the level of education inside the country. Future studies can further extend data to include other ASEAN countries and also consider other political and economic organizations. A perceived limitation of the paper is the uncertainty of these five ASEAN-5 economies impact within the other major countries but to also other regional groupings and specific economies. In general, this paper can help policy-makers and researchers alike in better understanding economic relations and spillover effects of growth rates and volatility of real GDP. The paper offers further examination of the potential for further connection among the major ASEAN economies and to support existing integration policies.
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Hanif, Muhammad. "Portfolio selection in Asia/Pacific region-Islamic markets." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 905–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-02-2018-0022.
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Purpose Islamic capital markets, i.e. ICMs, featured as socially responsible investments, less levered and more reflective of the real sector, are a recent development in financial markets showing an impressive growth and offering the potential for portfolio diversification benefits. The purpose of this study is to understand the long-run integration of ICMs in the Asia/Pacific region. Design/methodology/approach This sample includes ICMs of Asia/Pacific region (such as Pakistan, India, China, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia) for 280 weeks between 2011 and 2016. Selected indexes are FTSE Islamic except for Pakistan and Indonesia. Evidence was obtained through the application of correlation, unit root, Johansen cointegration and Granger causality tests. Findings This study documents the results of the integration of ICMs based on developmental stage, geographic location, economic cooperation and shared religious beliefs/civilization. Partial support was observed for all hypotheses: integration of markets based on economic grouping, location, economic treaties and shared civilization. The Japanese market was the most integrated, while the Indian and Malaysian markets are the least. Evidence supports the shift of leadership role from advanced markets to emerging markets. Practical implications Selected diversification opportunities are available for global Islamic as well as conventional investors. This study recommends closer cooperation among Muslim majority countries of the region, as well as the effective use of economic cooperation treaties for joint economic growth and prosperity. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence on the integration of ICMs in an economically important region (Asia/Pacific) that is witnessing an increasing role in the global gross domestic product and international trade.
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Khalil, Muhammad Azhar, and Santi Chaisrisawatsuk. "Relationship Between Financial and Real Sectors: Implications for Stable Economic Development (Evidence from Thailand)." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n6p204.
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The real sector of an economy is the key section as activities of this sector persuade economic output and is represented by those economic segments that are essential for the progress of GDP of the economy. The sector generates better outcomes if accompanied with a healthier financial system; thus, advancement of financial sector is a means for the growth of real sector. The study in this paper explores the relationship between financial and real sectors of Thailand with the volatility analysis of GDP caused by development of financial market. The GARCH Model, Johansen-Juselius (1990) co-integration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality testing approach was employed on time series data over the first quarter of year 1993 until the second quarter of year 2017. Consistent with past studies, both the elements of capital market (i.e. bonds and stock markets) and the money market (i.e. credit to private sector by banks) bears a positive relationship to the GDP, our results shows that both markets help promoting economic growth. We can infer that differences in financial markets’ composition and institutions do matter, as these three major sections – bond market, stock market, and banks– do not simultaneously develop and grow, but at a different level of their growth they complement each other. Our findings suggest that there exists inter dependency between real and financial sector’s technologies which in turn enlightens the effect of financial market development on the GDP growth.
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Pinthongvijayakul, Visisya. "Personhood and political subjectivity through ritual enactment in Isan (northeast Thailand)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 49, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463417000698.
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This article examines the relationship between an important local spirit cult and the construction of Isan political identity in Chaiyaphum province, northeast Thailand. Isan subjectivity has largely been studied through social or political-economic lenses. This study looks, however, at the spiritual experiences and ritual performances that crucially manufacture a local version of personhood. The spectacular annual performance of social memory and historical commemoration of Phaya Lae is constitutive of political identity for the people of Chaiyaphum province. I argue that the rituals surrounding the Phaya Lae cult enable the people of Chaiyaphum to perceive their subjectivity as Thais via the integration of the deity into the historical imagination of the state. I argue further that such local performances of spirit cults sustain Thailand as a ‘ritual state’ in which power and prestige are maintained by ritual enactments both in everyday life and ceremonial events. Through mediumship, the periphery draws charisma from the central Thai state and in turn ritually sustains the potency of the centre.
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Suharti, Fisit, and M. Zidny Nafi' Hasbi. "Dynamic of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Relationship, Macroeconomic Stability and Return of Shares Index in Four Asen Countries." el-Jizya : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ej.v9i1.4855.
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Southeast Asian countries are looking forward to capital market integration. The presence of this momentum requires stable economic conditions in each country and an attractive capital market. This momentum is also an opportunity for the Islamic capital market to be further developed in this region. This study aims to examine the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and macroeconomic variables, namely economic growth, inflation, reference interest rates and exchange rates on the return of the Islamic stock index in four ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. The research period since four quarter of 2006 until the first quarter of 2020. The method used in empirical evidence in this study is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Testing Approach (ARDL). This study found a long-term co-integration relationship in all research object countries. In terms of long-term relationships and short-term dynamics, this study finds variations in yield and direction coefficients in 4 ASEAN countries. The speed of readjustment of balance in case of shocks, respectively, is 44.7%, 65.4%, 43.5% and 50.0% per month.
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Sumani, Sumani, and Siti Saadah. "Watch Your Neighbor: A Volatility Spillover in ASEAN-5 Stock Exchange." Binus Business Review 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v10i1.5400.
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In the process of financial markets integration, this research was conducted to investigate the phenomenon of the transmission of stock return volatility among stock market in five ASEAN countries. Those were Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. The research was important because when the interdependence of financial markets had increased, changes in asset prices in the market were not only influenced by the shock in the market but also by its response to asset price volatility that occurred in other countries. Information about the volatility spillover between markets was important for investors to the portfolio selection process. Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) method was used on a daily time series stock return data obtained by accessing www.bloomberg.com. The result indicates that the shock in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines stock market will be transmitted to the Indonesia Stock Market with an asymmetric pattern. It has increased intensity after the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community in December 2015.
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S. Kalavathi. "Diversification for Livelihood Security: Experiences from Major Coconut Growing Countries." CORD 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v28i2.99.
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This paper presents the success of community based organizations in achieving sustainability in marginal coconut holdings through diversification of crops and enterprises along with conservation of local varieties. The project was implemented in 19 communities of 10 coconut growing countries and findings from four major coconut growing countries, which had significant project outcome - India, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam - are discussed in the present paper. All the four major coconut growing countries recorded a significant difference in total household income over the project period. Among the four countries, India and Philippines had a significant difference in mean income derived from intercrops, India and Thailand for livestock integration and India and Vietnam for off-farm activities. Herfindahl index for indicating economic diversity of households revealed a significant diversification of income for India as well as the overall data for the four countries. A higher level of education and more available land also positively influenced total income. In general, improvements in income were better with bigger-sized farms and households, with male household heads. The overall data revealed significant improvement in food and nutritional security with clearest impacts in India and Philippines due to project efforts. Participation of women in trainings and interventions was the highest in India, followed by Thailand.
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Kumar, Suneel. "Reinvigoration of BIMSTEC and India’s Economic, Strategic and Security Concerns." Millennial Asia 11, no. 2 (August 2020): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925441.
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This article contends that India’s efforts for the reinvigoration of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) are the result of an amalgam of its Act East and Neighbourhood First policies’ objectives. Since 2014, India has been trying to rejuvenate the BIMSTEC to exploit the untapped trade opportunities, promote energy and food security and also boost the development of its North Eastern region by enhancing infrastructural connectivity with South East Asian countries and promoting greater economic integration in the Bay of Bengal region. Its strategic interests and security concerns, especially to build the pressure on Pakistan, counter China’s forays into its strategic backyard and ensure the security of the North Eastern region, have also resurged India’s interests in the revival of BIMSTEC. Like South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), there are some hurdles in the way of BIMSTEC, for instance its image of an India-dominated bloc, India’s bilateral differences with other BIMSTEC countries from South Asia, especially with Bangladesh and Nepal, and bilateral disputes between other member countries, particularly Bangladesh and Myanmar and Thailand and Myanmar.
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Phoochinda, Wisakha. "Synthesis of Research on the Integration of the Oil Palm Industry within the Context of Thailand and ASEAN Economic Community." Research Journal of Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (November 10, 2019): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/rjasci.2018.372.386.
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Ford, Kathleen, and Charamporn Holumyong. "HIV Testing and Cross Border Migrant Vulnerability: Social Integration and Legal/Economic Status Among Cross Border Migrant Workers in Thailand." AIDS and Behavior 20, no. 4 (November 25, 2015): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1255-z.
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Pisany, Paweł. "Wsparcie rozwoju rynku obligacji korporacyjnych w wybranych gospodarkach azjatyckich po 1997 roku." Ekonomia 26, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.26.2.5.
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The article contains an analysis of the initiatives aimed at supporting the development of the corporate bonds market in three Asian economies: South Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. These countries, after difficult experiences from the 1997 crisis, undertook initiatives focused on the development of domestic debt financial markets, mainly corporate bonds denominated in local currency. Case studies of three Asian economies show that the sustainable development of domestic debt markets can be fostered, among others, by: a high level of creditor rights protection, increased market access for institutional investors, in particular domestic ones, regional economic integration, increased market transparency, functioning of the rating agencies — domestic and the presence of global ones, availability of ratings and raising financial awareness in society.
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Middleton, Carl, and Takeshi Ito. "How transboundary processes connect commons in Japan and Thailand: A relational analysis of global commodity chains and East Asian economic integration." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 61, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.12264.
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Doppler, Rainer. "The Relation between Economic Development and International Trade: A Comparative Analysis of East Asian and Southeast Asian Economies." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 67–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2015-0003.
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Abstract The impressive economic development of East Asian and Southeast Asian countries, like China, Japan, South Korea, or Singapore, is often described as the ‘Asian economic miracle’. The transition from a less developed economy to an industrialised country and successful integration into the global economy within a relatively short period of time are characteristics of the economic development process. Academic research is dominated by a general agreement on the causal relationship between economic development and international trade. The research goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of the level of economic development on the degree of international trade in the economies of China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand. The applied research model does not follow the traditional research mainstream but rather introduces relative shares of GDP-related industrial output and of manufactures exports by adopting national as well as international perspectives instead. Descriptive trend analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis are conducted in order to test the hypotheses. The results do not support conventional academic wisdom. A statistically reasonable causality between the level of economic development, in terms of relative industrial output, and the degree of international trade, in terms of relative industrial exports, could not be confirmed.
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Buaban, Saniwan, Vilas Nitivattananon, Sangam Shrestha, and Sylvia Szabo. "Exploring the Factors Associated with Climate-Related Issues in a Special Economic Development Zone: Application of a DPSIR Framework." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 1529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160814.
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The rapid global increase in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) raises concerns regarding potential impacts on the environment, especially water use intensity, an increased risk of natural disasters, and an elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, studies examining these impacts are limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the influence of SEZ development factors on flooding, water scarcity, and GHG emissions using Tak SEZ in Thailand as a case study. A Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, together with structural equation modeling (SEM) through the partial least squares (PLS) approach, has been used to examine the interrelationships between these factors. The results revealed that economic, industrial, and urban development are key drivers associated with flooding, water scarcity, and GHG emissions in the zone. The increased population density, water consumption, waste generation, and vehicular traffic are all significantly put pressure on climate change impacts. The integration of DPSIR framework together with PLS-SEM technique to explore the relationship among multiple sustainability indicators contributes to the existing sustainability assessment methodology. Future research can utilize the presented indicators to identify potential factors for the evaluation of other types of development zones that have a variety of socio-economic activities.
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Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, and Naoyuki Yoshino. "Assessment of the Trade Integration Pattern Between the Russian Federation and East/Southeast Asian Economies Using the Panel Gravity Framework." Asian Economic Papers 19, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00745.
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This study is the first attempt to investigate the patterns of imports and exports between the Russian Federation and East/Southeast Asian economies, namely, the People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Macau, China; Japan; the Republic of Korea; Mongolia; Cambodia; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; the Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; and Vietnam. To this end, a panel gravity trade model with series from 2001 to 2017 is provided to estimate the gravity variables in our models. The results reveal that GDP and income are more important in the export pattern from the Russian Federation to the East Asian region, meaning that the economic size and the income of the population in East Asian economies are more important in this pattern than other variables. Moreover, Russia's export pattern with the East Asian region follows the Heckscher–Ohlin hypothesis, while Russia's import pattern with this region is in line with the Linder hypothesis.
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Brata, Ida Bagus, and A. A. Gde Putra Pemayun. "Human Resource Competency Tourism Bali together with ASEAN Economic Community." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v5i2.638.
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The human resources capacity of Bali tourism is abundant, but in its management is still very far behind with neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and other countries. This is due to the level of education that is still at the level of standards and facilities that are inadequate, resulting in a standard quality of tourism workforce, increased unemployment, decreased productivity, and less competitiveness in the face of competition among tourism workers in the ASEAN region and internationally. Indonesia with the other nine ASEAN member countries have signed the blueprint declaration of the ASEAN Economic Community to initiate an economic integration step. This makes Bali must strive to improve the quality of tourism human resources as well as enhance the competitiveness of tourism workforce in order to survive in the era of ASEAN free trade and globalization of the international labor market. Bali, in particular, should be able to focus and care about the problem of tourism work and immediately clean up to create a conducive climate to accelerate the movement of economic growth through tourism human resources. This can be done by improving education, improving health, conducting training and developing tourism workforce, providing adequate facilities, improving the labor structure, will encourage the quality of Bali tourism workforce to improve. If a country has the competitiveness and is able to compete in the regional and global arena then it can be assured that the tourism worker is able to achieve standardization and have a good reputation and will certainly increase the national tourism human resource index.
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Puttanapong, Nattapong, Amornrat Luenam, and Pit Jongwattanakul. "Spatial Analysis of Inequality in Thailand: Applications of Satellite Data and Spatial Statistics/Econometrics." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073946.
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To formulate and monitor the progress of development policies, acquiring data with sufficient spatiotemporal details is inevitable. With the increasing availability of open remote-sensing data and open-source software packages, this research suggested the novelty integration of satellite data and spatial analytical methods, enabling a timely and costless framework for assessing the nationwide socioeconomic condition. Specifically, the spatial statistical and spatial econometrical methods were applied to geospatial data to identify the clustering patterns and the localized associations of inequality in Thailand. The spatial statistical results showed that Bangkok and its vicinity had been a cluster of high socioeconomic conditions, representing the spatial inequality of development. In addition, results of the spatial econometrical models showed that the satellite-based indicators could identify the socioeconomic condition (with p-value < 0.010 and R-squared ranging between 0.345 and 0.657). Inequality indicators (i.e., Gini, Thiel and Atkinson) were then constructed by using survey-based and satellite-based data, informing that spatial inequality has been slowly declining. These findings recommended the new establishment of polycentric growth poles that offer economic opportunities and reduce spatial inequality. In addition, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 10 (reduced inequalities), this analytical framework can be applied to country-specific implications along with the global scale extensions.
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Kaul, Vijay Kumar, and Tuhina Roy Chowdhury. "India Stimulating Growth in Bay of Bengal Region: Integrating Key Interests and Strengthening Innovation Capacity." South Asian Survey 25, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523119835066.
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The Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea (BoBAS) rim countries comprising of India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore is a group that has the potential to emerge as one of the fastest growing regions in Asia and the world. These countries are tied together with a multitude of factors such as history, culture, demographics and technological development. This article seeks to evaluate if these countries can complement each other’s growth strategy and the role that India can play to stimulate growth in this region. The article can broadly be divided into two parts: the first part discusses the evolution of development strategy and regional economic integration while the second part analyses the role that India can play in guiding the growth across these countries and the various key initiatives taken up by India in recent past to foster high and sustainable growth.