Academic literature on the topic 'Thai language – Verb'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Minegishi, Makoto. "Description of Thai as an isolating language." Social Science Information 50, no. 1 (March 2011): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018410389107.
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The article illustrates morphosyntactic characteristics of Thai, an isolating language, in contrast to the modern European languages. Thai is characterized as a topic-prominent language, where the voluntary–spontaneous contrast rather than transitive–intransitive one plays significant roles in forming basic sentence constructions. By assuming non-hierarchical serial verb constructions as its basic sentence structures, the author claims that the modern hierarchical view of language structure is not appropriate for Thai. In Thai, verbs are serialized to denote not only successive actions or an action and its objective, but also a cause and its result, an action and its evaluation. Furthermore, causative and passive constructions are analyzed as part of verb serializations which are structurally identical, but antiparallel to each other in the direction of affectedness.
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Zlatev, Jordan, and Caroline David. "Motion Event Constructions in Swedish, French and Thai: Three Different Language Types?" MANUSYA 6, no. 4 (2003): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00604002.
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Talmyʼs influential typology of verb-framed/satellite-framed languages has recently been shown to be insufficient (Strömquist and Verhoeven 2003), in particular with respect of serial-verb languages (Zlatev and Yangklang 2004; Slobin 2003). In this paper, we compare motion event constructions in three languages, where two are clear representatives of Talmyʼs two types: French and Swedish, and the third is a serial-verb language, Thai. As expected, Thai turns out to resemble French in some respects, Swedish in others but also to possess structural (i.e. syntactic and semantic) characteristics which distinguish it from the two Talmian types. This reinforces, but also clarifies, previous proposals for regarding serial-verb languages as belonging to a third “equipollent” type.
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Hongthong, Kamolchanok. "The Sensitivity of L1 English – L2 Thai Language Learners to Errors in Basic Thai Serial Verb Constructions." MANUSYA 17, no. 3 (2014): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01703002.
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The present study concerned the sensitivity to unacceptable basic Thai serial verb constructions (thereinafter called SVCs) among native speakers of English who learn Thai. The objectives were to test English learners of Thai on distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable SVCs, and to specify the characteristics of errors that tend to be problematic to them. The scope of this study was limited to basic SVCs that consist of the juxtaposition of only two nongrammaticalized and non-complement taking verbs. The subjects in this experiment were ten English undergraduates and postgraduates in the Thai Studies program. The data elicitation methods were an untimed acceptability judgment test and a think-aloud protocol. A set of 30 individual Thai sentences, each with phonetic transcription, gloss and an English translation – some of which were accurate and others were not – were presented and the subjects were then asked to give their verbal reports on each of the sentences. The audio-recorded data were coded and analyzed. The results revealed that learners are relatively insensitive to malformed SVCs, particularly redundant ones (46.67%).
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Attaviriyanupap, Korakoch. "Grammatical Categories of Verbs in German and Thai: A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study." MANUSYA 13, no. 2 (2010): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01302002.
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This paper presents the results of a contrastive study of grammatical categories expressing temporality and modality through verb forms in German and Thai. In order to discover systematic uses of pre- and postverbal temporal and modal markers in Thai in relation to the German tense and modality system, I analyzed the first German-Thai bidirectional corpus consisting of contemporary German and Thai short stories and their translations into the other language. Although German and Thai express temporality differently, certain conceptual relationships between German tenses and Thai aspects can be identified. In terms of modality, Thai has grammaticalized two different sets of modal verbs providing either deontic or epistemic meanings but has not developed any markers equivalent to the German subjunctive mood.
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WINSKEL, HEATHER, and SUDAPORN LUKSANEEYANAWIN. "Obligatory grammatical categories and the expression of temporal events*." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 2 (September 2, 2008): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008970.
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ABSTRACTThai has imperfective aspectual morphemes that are not obligatory in usage, whereas English has obligatory grammaticized imperfective aspectual marking on the verb. Furthermore, Thai has verb final deictic-path verbs that form a closed class set. The current study investigated if obligatoriness of these grammatical categories in Thai and English affects the expression of co-occurring temporal events and actions depicted in three different short animations. Ten children aged four years, five years, six years and seven years, and ten adults as a comparison group from each of the two languages participated. English speakers explicitly expressed the ongoingness of the events more than Thai speakers, whereas Thai speakers expressed the entrance and exit of protagonists depicted in the animations significantly more than English speakers. These results support the notion that obligatory grammatical categories shape how Thai and English speakers express temporal events or actions.
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Boonnoon, Sichabhat. "Exploring Thai EFL Students’ Knowledge of English Binomials." English Language Teaching 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n2p48.
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One sub-type of collocations which is under-researched is binomials. The purposes of this study were to investigate Thai EFL students' knowledge of English binomials, determine the syntactic structure of the internal elements of binomials reported as most or least known by them, and test if the students' knowledge of binomials was significantly different when taking account of their years of study. The sample was 130 first - sixth year students enrolled in four different faculties at a university in northeastern Thailand, and classified as intermediate EFL learners for the purpose of this study through the online Oxford Placement Test. An acceptability judgment test of English binomials was used to collect the data. The results revealed that, on the whole, the participants had a low level of knowledge of English binomials; there was no significant difference in their knowledge regarding the syntactic structure of binomials (Noun+Noun and Verb+Verb); and the participants were not significantly different in their knowledge in terms of their years of study. The results pertaining to the participants’ low level of knowledge of binomials were discussed in relation to lack of exposure to English and effective pedagogy of English idioms.
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Suraprajit, Prathomwat. "An Analysis of Errors in English Essays Written by Thai Non-English Major Students." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1101.02.
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Writing is one of the vital skills for EFL learners. However, they still face some difficulties while processing a task. The present study aimed to analyze the errors that occurred on sixty English essays made by Thai University non-English major students who enrolled in the fundamental English course. The Surface Strategy Taxonomy (Dulay, Burt, & Krashen, 1982) was adopted to explore the errors of omission, addition, misformation, and misordering together with those that were excluded in the taxonomy. According to the framework of Surface Strategy Taxonomy, the findings revealed the most common errors involving omission of articles, followed by the addition of the preposition, the omission of the preposition, the omission of the subject, and misformation of subject pronoun, respectively. Then, according to the errors which were out of the stated taxonomy, the errors in subject-verb agreement were the highest detected error, followed by tense errors, ambiguous sentences, a direct translation from L1 to L2, misformation of object pronoun, misformation of using an adjective as the main verb, the addition of verb to be, and addition of conjunction, respectively. By investigating the errors in foreign language writing, the results would trigger foreign language learners to aware of the error of English writing that might occur. And the benefit also goes to the pedagogy in developing the teaching materials together with teaching strategies.
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Rakpa, Singkham. "Enhancing Thai-English Translation Capabilities of EFL Undergraduates with the Principle of Haujai Nakpraj (Learned-man Approach)." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (September 26, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p60.
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Knowledge of subject-verb agreement (concord) plays a vital role in Thai-English translation by EFL undergraduates because the knowledge foundation of concord is essential for Thai-English translation. Complicated rules of concord cause problems for EFL undergraduates’ when it comes to Thai-English translation. Their knowledge can be developed and improved utilizing a specific Thai learning style called Haujai Nakpraj Learning Style (HNLS) which means “Learned-man Approach or The Heart of the Learned man”. This pre-experimental preliminary research used a one-group pre-test and post-test design study aiming at improving the knowledge of concord. It hopes to achieve this through the activities designed based on the principle of the Haujai Nakpraj Learning Style (HNLS). The goal is to enhance the ability of nine EFL Northern Thai undergraduate students in Thai-English translation as a sample group enrolled in the Introduction to Translation Course during the summer semester of the 2020 academic year in comparison to the Thai-English translation ability of EFL Thai undergraduates.Data collection instruments consisted of pre-test and post-test with 62 items divided into two sections. The first 32 items concentrate on testing subject-verb agreement knowledge in addition to 30 multiple-choice items testing the Thai-English translation ability of the sample group together with threeThai-English translation subjective tests as qualitative data. The statistics used in the data analysis was the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test employed to compare the average scores of the target group’s pre-test and post-test. The findings revealed that the average score of the post-test on knowledge of subject-verb agreement in Thai-English translation was significantly higher than the average score of the pre-test at 0.05 level. In qualitative data analysis, findings revealed the sample group received high and average translation marks, with scores ranging from 16 to 20 for high, 11 to 15 for average, and 5 to 10 for low.This result suggested that the activities are effective to a certain extent as they can be applied for EFL learners in the translation source language (SL) to the target language (TL) context.
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Hao, Yuxin, Xun Duan, and Qiuyue Yan. "Processing Aspectual Agreement in a Language with Limited Morphological Inflection by Second Language Learners: An ERP Study of Mandarin Chinese." Brain Sciences 12, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050524.
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Previous studies on the neural cognitive mechanisms of aspectual processing in second language (L2) learners have focused on Indo-European languages with rich inflectional morphology. These languages have aspects which are equipped with inflected verb forms combined with auxiliary or modal verbs. Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to Mandarin Chinese, which has limited morphological inflection, and its aspect is equipped with aspectual particles (e.g., le, zhe, guo). The present study explores the neurocognitive mechanism of Mandarin Chinese aspect processing among two groups of late Mandarin Chinese proficient learners with Thai (with Mandarin Chinese-like aspect markers) and Indonesian (lack of Mandarin Chinese-like aspect markers) as their first language (L1). We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) time locked to the aspect marker le in two different conditions (the aspect violation sentences and the correct sentences). A triphasic ELAN-LAN-P600 effect was produced by the Mandarin Chinese native speakers. However, there was no ELAN and LAN in Indonesian native speakers and Thai native speakers, except a 300–500 ms negativity widely distributed in the right hemisphere and P600-like effect. This suggests that both groups of Mandarin Chinese learners cannot reach the same level as Mandarin Chinese native speakers to process Mandarin Chinese aspect information, probably due to the complex feature of Mandarin Chinese aspect maker, the participants’ L2 proficiency and age of L2 acquisition.
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Karimipour, Amir, and Shahla Sharifi. "An experimental study on deictic verbs and the coding patterns of deixis in Ilami Kurdish: A comparative study." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 138, no. 4 (2021): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.21.014.14742.
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Conducting a video-based experiment in English, Japanese and Thai, Matsumoto et al. (2017) report that deictic verbs are more frequently used when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her functional space (i.e. functional HERE of the speaker) defined by limits of interaction and visibility as well as when the motion is accompanied by an interactional behaviour of the Figure such as greeting the speaker. They claim that directional venitive prepositional phrases (henceforth PPs) like toward me do not exhibit this feature, though. This paper aims to reevaluate these proposals (Matsumoto et al. 2017) in Ilami Kurdish (henceforth IK), thereby figuring out whether the functional nature of deictic verbs observed in the three studied languages is also attested in this dialect. In line with the findings reported by Matsumoto et al. (2017), results of this research reveal that the semantics of venitive verbs of motion in IK is spatial and functional at the same time. In other words, these verbs are more often used in the verbal descriptions of the IK participants, when the Figure shares a functional space with the speaker induced by limits of interaction and visibility, and also when he/she smiles at or greets the speaker. Importantly, results show that venitive PPs in IK can be functional in nature or add some functional meaning (in addition to their spatial meaning) to the verb, so that participants utilize venitive adpositions along with the venitive verb to add emphasis on the kind of motion (to be a venitive one) and express that the Figure would be “very close” to the speaker at the end of motion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Sungpanich, Piyajit. "Du verbe à la fonction prépositionnelle : étude du cas de จาก /cà : k/." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947594.
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Du fait que les mots thaï possèdent une propriété de polyvalence catégorielle et fonctionnelle, nous essayons donc d'étudier, dans le cas de จาก /cà:k/, ses conditions de fonctionnement et ses valeurs sémantiques sans la prise en considération de la catégorisation des mots que l'on avait faite traditionnellement. Ainsi, la remise en cause des classifications des mots thaï va nous ramener à étudier le fonctionnement de l'unité lexicale จาก/cà:k/ en tant que marqueur. Cette étude est inspirée de la théorie des opérations prédicative et énonciative d'Antoine CULIOLI selon laquelle chaque marqueur est considéré comme une trace observable d'opérations prédicative et énonciative. En partant de ce point de vue, l'analyse proposée dans ce travail vise à montrer les points suivants : comment le marqueur จาก /cà:k/, participe à la construction du sens des énoncés dans lesquels il peut s'intégrer, quelles sont les propriétés des contextes et des co-textes qui rendent possible ou impossible le marqueur จาก /cà:k/ et que le marqueur จาก /cà:k/ est un opérateur de prédication dont le fonctionnement singulier peut être ramené à un faisceau de traits saillants de la catégorie référentielle de จาก /cà:k/.
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Sookgasem, Prapa. "Morphology, syntax and semantics of auxiliaries in Thai." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185107.
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This dissertation presents a study of three linguistic areas--morphology, syntax and semantics--of what have traditionally been called auxiliaries or auxiliary verbs in Thai, but what I call temporal verbs. My morphological analysis offers answers to long-term questions: What is the grammatical category of temporal verbs? What is the structure of sequences of these elements? And how are their syntactic discontinuities to be handled? My syntactic analysis investigates all possible positions of temporal verbs in both Subject-Verb-(Complement) and Verb-Subject-(Complement) sentences (Sookgasem 1989). Using Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard & Sag 1987) for my analysis, I focus on three interesting points: First, a problem with the Head Feature Principle when describing a temporal verb in a sentence. Second, a problem with the linear order of the VP constituent in the Verb-Subject-(Complement) constructions of temporal verbs. And third, a position of some temporal verbs in relation to part of its VP complement. For the semantic analysis of temporal verbs, I focus on the temporal interpretation of the Future and Aspect verbs. I argue that Thai is a tense language. To support this, I analyse Aspect in Thai and examine tense interpretation in simple sentences and all types of complex sentences. Based on the evidence, I propose a tense system in Thai. I provide definitions of Reference Time and Tenseness. I propose a Tense Assigner Hierarchy, a relation named Overlap, a semantic model for tense interpretation, and the truth conditions for tensed sentences and clauses. To provide an accurate account of tense interpretation in Thai, I analyse eventualities which include Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements and States.
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Khruathong, Sombat. "Vers une analyse micro-systémique en vue d'une traduction automatique thaï-français : application aux verbes sériels." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1004.
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La thèse intitulée « vers une analyse micro-systémique en vue d’une traduction automatique thaï-français : application aux verbes sériels », s’articule en 6 chapitres : Le premier présente les approches linguistiques et informatiques utilisées dansle domaine du traitement automatique du langage. Le deuxième aborde les caractéristiques de la langue thaïe par rapport aufrançais, les problèmes généraux de traduction thaï-français, ainsi que les modèles d’analyse du syntagme nominal du thaï. Le troisième concerne un essai d’analyse des syntagmes adjectivaux et adverbiaux du thaï. Le quatrième est consacré à notre analyse en vue d’élaborer notre modèle pour le traitement automatique des verbes sériels. L’hypothèse est née de nos réflexionssuccessives sur les problèmes généraux de notre langue maternelle, le thaï, notamment en ce qui concerne le traitement automatique des langues. Nous avons constaté que les verbes sériels jouent un rôle particulier non seulement dans la formation lexicale, mais aussi dans l’ordre syntaxique de la phrase. Nul n’est besoin de dire combien ilspourraient faire obstacle à l’interprétation du sens, s’ils étaient mal analysés. Sur le plan quantitatif, les verbes sériels en thaï ne sont pas nombreux. Pourtant, en emploi pré ou post verbal et nominal, voire au niveau de la phrase, nous trouvons qu’ils occupent une place particulière qui mérite d’être étudiée. Le cinquième chapitre applique les résultats des chapitres 3 et 4 pour la réalisation d’un système de traduction thaï-français en « mode interactif » : nous démontrons que de telles analyses pour une traduction automatique peuvent être mieux développées en mode interactif car ainsi sont mis en évidence les problèmes qui relèvent de la différence de deux langues éloignées tant dans la formation lexicale que syntaxique. Dans notre conclusion, nous soulignons qu’un système de traduction automatique thaï-français pourrait avoir de nombreuses applications notamment dans le cadre de l’enseignement du français pour le public thaï ou l’enseignement du thaï pour le public francophoneThis thesis, "Towards a Micro-Systemic Parsing for a Thai-French Machine Translation: Application to the Serial Verbs", is divided into 6 chapters : Chapter one presents the linguistic and data-processing approaches used in the field of computational linguistics. Chapter two explains the characteristics of the Thai language compared to the French language, the general problems of Thai-French translation, as well as the parsing models of noun phrases in Thai. Chapter three is concerned with trying to parse adjectival and adverbial syntagms of Thai. Chapter four is devoted to the parsing models for Thai serial verbs. The hypothesis there presented is the result of successive observations on the general problems of our mother tongue, the Thai language, in particular with regard to natural language processing. This has enabled us to observe that Thai serial verbs play a particular role not only in lexical formation, but also in the syntactic order of the sentence. It is not necessary to say how much the interpretation of the meaning would be obstructed if these verbs were badly analyzed. Quantitatively, Thai serial verbs are not numerous. However, in their pre or post verbal and nominal employment, even at the level of the sentence, the research outcome shows that they play a particular role which deserves to be studied. Chapter five applies the results of chapters 3 and 4 to the implementation of a Thai-French machine translation system in "interactive mode"; we believe that such analysis models for machine translation can be better developed in interactive mode because the problems, which concern the difference of the two distant languages as well as in the lexical formation in syntax, are thereby highlighted. In conclusion, we wish to underline that a Thai-French machine translation system could have many applications in particular in the area of Teaching of French as a Foreign Language for the Thai public or Teaching of Thai as a Foreign Language for French speaking countries
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Granath, Solveig. "Verb complementation in English : omission of prepositions before that-clauses and to-infinitives /." Göteborg (Sweden) : Acta universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619985f.
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Lorenzi, Mikaela, and Sofia Bergström. ""I can tell a story that my dads friend tell me" : A corpus- and interview-based study on grammar education, with focus on verb forms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275268.
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This study consists of two methods: textual analysis and interviews, which are based on text from The Uppsala Learner English Corpus (ULEC), and teachers as interview objects. The textual analysis investigates errors made by students in year seven and year nine, regarding the construction of different verb forms in written English essays. A potential difference between errors made in year seven and nine is also examined. Moreover, the interview based analysis investigates professional junior high school teachers’ teaching methods and attitudes towards grammar. The errors investigated in the textual analysis are compared with the responses of the teachers’ perception of common errors in verb forms made by their students. The textual analysis showed that the most common errors made regard spelling within the verb phrase, auxiliary verbs, subject-verb agreement, and irregular verbs, and that year seven had a higher frequency of errors than year nine in most categories, even if the results differed inconsiderably. The analysis of the interviews of the teachers found that teachers, in general, enjoy grammar, and aim to have a student-centered approach, however, the teachers testify of characteristics of traditional teacher-centered grammar teaching. It is reasoned that traditional teacher-centered grammar teaching is fundamentally established, where teachers today appear not to acquire the tools to move away from the teacher-centered approach onwards to a student-centered grammar teaching. We reason that the education of L2 teachers needs to be reformed and provide tools to help teachers achieve a student-centered approach, and therein enable students to become more successful in grammar.
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Lahpetch, Wiriya. "L'expression de l'ancrage temporel dans la traduction du thaï vers le français." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868461.
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Cette présente recherche se situe dans le cadre des études contrastives. Elle recouvre, dans une perspective d'analyse, en matière de traduction d'une oeuvre littéraire du thaï au français, en particulier sur l'utilisation des temps verbaux. Puisque des différences importantes existent entre ces deux langues qui ne sont pas linguistiquement proches, il y a souvent des difficultés dans la traduction de l'expression du temps d'une langue à l'autre. En la matière, la principale différenciation réside dans le fait que le thaï, langue sans morphologie, possédant des mots invariables, exprime le temps par l'adjonction de morphèmes. De plus, le thaï utilise le système temporel primaire avec trois temps principaux : présent, passé et futur. Au contraire, pour le français, langue flexionnelle, le verbe transporte avec lui la marque de temps, et dès lors, chaque forme verbale indique un temps grammatical : une forme verbale fait référence au moment où se déroule le procès. L'expression de temps en français se sert des temps divisés en des époques de sous-divisions, dont le système temporel secondaire. Le thaï utilise des moyens très différents pour se référer aux moments du déroulement des événements par rapport au système du français. Alors, les objectifs de cette recherche sont d'étudier les systèmes qui commandent l'usage des temps verbaux de chaque langue afin de chercher des formes équivalentes. Nous espérons que cette recherche constituera un bon point de départ pour des études de linguistique comparée thaï - français
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Young, Katie Elizabeth. "More than "Wisteria and Sunshine": The Garden as a Space of Female Introspection and Identity in Elizabeth von Arnim's The Enchanted April and Vera." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3033.
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Recent scholarly interest in Elizabeth von Arnim has related Elizabeth and Her German Garden and The Solitary Summer to the New Woman and Female Aesthete movements, concluding that von Arnim does not align herself with any movement per se. Rather, in these early works, Elizabeth advocates and adamantly defends her right to time in her garden, which becomes her sanctuary for reading and thinking. Little critical attention has been paid to von Arnim's later works; however, many of the themes established in von Arnim's early works can be traced through her later novels. In The Enchanted April Lady Caroline retreats to the garden at San Salvatore in order to escape the attention of others and discover who she really is and what she wants out of life. Because she follows the early von Arnim model by defending her garden sanctuary, she is able to find the strength to insist on being treated as a person rather than a beautiful object. Additionally, Lucy Enstwhistle's interrupted time in the garden in Vera demonstrates the importance of the role of von Arnim's garden in forming an identity and developing the ability to make decisions for oneself. Because Lucy allows Everard Wemyss to rob her of these opportunities, she loses the opportunity to create her identity. She soon becomes the second Mrs. Wemyss, realizes that she is abject, and begins taking on first wife Vera's attributes and passions to cope with Everard's constant demands. Because Lucy has forfeited the formative experiences the garden space can provide, Lucy is left to take up Vera's identity and tragic fate.
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Jiang, Shuaijun. "La complétive objet en chinois." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814555.
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Notre thèse traite la complétive objet et ses prédicats introducteurs en chinois. Nous adoptons, dans l'ensemble, le cadre théorique du lexique-grammaire de Gross (1984) et dans l'analyse concrète, celle de la structure prédicative de Muller (2001). Elle est divisée en cinq chapitres. Dans le premier " Etat des lieux ", nous présentons la conception de la complétive en tant qu'un type de subordonnée et nous adoptons l'analyse de la dépendance énonciative de Muller (1996). Ensuite nous présentons quelques analyses qui intègre la sémantique dans l'analyse de la complétive. Le chapitre 2 a pour objectif de délimiter notre objet d'étude, qui inclut trois sous-types : la complétive propositionnelle, le complément verbal sans sujet syntaxique (l'équivalent de la complétive infinitive du français) et l'interrogative indirecte dont la spécificité sémantique est bien prise en compte.Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions les propriétés de sélection des prédicats introducteurs de la complétive en chinois : celles concernant le complément nominal et verbal sans sujet syntaxique d'une part, et celle entre la complétive déclarative et l'II d'autre part, à propos de laquelle nous étudions aussi les éléments qui la modifient. Dans le chapitre 4 la complétive objet est mise en parallèles avec trois autre types de constructions qui partagent le même schéma de construction [(SN1) +SV1+SN2+SV2] avec elle et qui impliquent aussi une relation de dépendance entre deux prédicats, ce sont la construction à double complément, la construction à 2nd complément et la construction à contrôle objet. Nous tenterons de fournir quelques outils de distinction d'ordre lexical ou contextuel.Le chapitre 5 concerne les propriétés syntaxiques de la complétive objet. Nous discuterons d'abord du morphème 'shuo' à propos de son statut de 'conjonction émergente' et de quelques caractéristiques d'intégration sous le terme de " main clause phenomena ". Ensuite seront scrutés les verbes " recteurs faibles " dans les termes de Blanche-Benveniste (1988) qui s'avéreront assez similaires à leurs équivalents en français et en anglais. Enfin nous analyserons les références temporelles dans la construction complétive. Nous postulerons qu'elles se basent principalement sur la télicité des prédicats matrice et la sémantique de leurs arguments ; les marqueurs aspectuels -le, -guo et -zhe modifient cette interprétation par défaut selon leur sémantique propre. Et nous donnerons une analyse détaillée des contraintes de différents degrés imposées sur les différents types de prédicats.
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Sudmuk, Cholthicha Wechsler Stephen. "The syntax and semantics of serial verb constructions in Thai." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2112/sudmukd95920.pdf.
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Sudmuk, Cholthicha 1962. "The syntax and semantics of serial verb constructions in Thai." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2112.
Full textBooks on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Rohrer, Josef. Wörterbuch der Verben Deutsch-Thai =: Photčhanānukrom khamkariyā Yœ̄raman-Thai. Hürth: Bundessprachenamt, 1995.
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Informationsstruktur und grammatische Kodierungsmuster: Eine kontrastive Studie zum Deutschen und Thailändischen. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014.
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Interkulturelle Grammatik: Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zu einer Grammatik aus eigener und fremder Perspektive im Deutschen als Fremdsprache. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2008.
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Granath, Solveig. Verb complementation in English: Omission of prepositions before that-clauses and to-infinitives. Göteborg, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1997.
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Janardhan, Pandarinath Bhuvanendra. A Konkani dhatukosh: The first of its kind with more than 350 dhatus with their Skt. equivalents, tense morphologies, derivations, and usages. Trichur: Printed at the Kairali Press and Books, 1991.
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Spanish verbs. Piscataway, N.J: Research & Education Association, 2002.
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Ferreira, Helder Perri. Dicionário de verbos português-yanomama: Napëpëni thë thaa thaatarapëhe nahã thãaxo, yanomama thããxo, thëkipëã wëanomwei siki. São Paulo: ISA, 2011.
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Birjulin, Leonid A. Semantika i sintaksis russkogo impersonala: verba meteorologica i ich diatezy : (= Specimina Philologica Slavicae, 102). Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 1994.
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F L Werner Von Bergen and Samuel J. Smith. Passive Verb of the Thai Language, by F. L. Werner Von Bergen, with the Siamese Verb, and Vocabulary of Words Used in These Notices, by S. J. Smith. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Woods, Rebecca, and Sam Wolfe, eds. Rethinking Verb Second. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.001.0001.
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This volume provides the most exhaustive and comprehensive treatment available of the Verb Second property, which has been a central topic in formal syntax for decades. While Verb Second has traditionally been considered a feature primarily of the Germanic languages, this book shows that it is much more widely attested cross-linguistically than previously thought, and explores the multiple empirical, theoretical, and experimental puzzles that remain in developing an account of the phenomenon. Uniquely, formal theoretical work appears alongside studies of psycholinguistics, language production, and language acquisition. The range of languages investigated is also broader than in previous work: while novel issues are explored through the lens of the more familiar Germanic data, chapters also cover Verb Second effects in languages such as Armenian, Dinka, Tohono O’odham, and in the Celtic, Romance, and Slavonic families. The analyses have wide-ranging consequences for our understanding of the language faculty, and will be of interest to researchers and students from advanced undergraduate level upwards in the fields of syntax, historical linguistics, and language acquisition.
Book chapters on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Tovena, Lucia M. "Pluractional verbs that grammaticise number through the part-of relation." In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2008, 233–48. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rllt.2.13tov.
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Bentivoglio, Paola. "Linguistic Correlations between Subjects of One-argument Verbs and Subjects of More-than-one-argument Verbs in Spoken Spanish." In Romance Languages and Modern Linguistic Theory, 11. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.91.03ben.
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Löbner, Sebastian. "Cascades. Goldman’s Level-Generation, Multilevel Categorization of Action, and Multilevel Verb Semantics." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 263–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_13.
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AbstractThe paper proposes a novel theory of the categorization of acts and applies it to the semantics of action verbs, with fundamental consequences for semantic theory and beyond. The theory is based on Goldman’s (Theory of human action. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1970) multilevel theory of action which is taken here as a theory of categorization. Goldman’s central notion is level-generation: acts of a type may under circumstances generate acts of other, more abstract types. The acts form a hierarchical structure which Goldman calls an act-tree. Level-generation results in a conceptual relation called c-constitution here, i.e. constitution under the given circumstances; I also introduce the more general term cascade for act-trees. In the second part, multilevel cascade-structure categorization is combined with a cognitive semantics that models meanings with Barsalou frames. A multilevel analysis of the concept of writing is discussed in depth and detail in order to illustrate the potential and the consequences of a cascade approach to verb semantics. It is shown that the concept of c-constitution can be generalized as to cover the roles of persons and objects across levels in a cascade. The generalization suggests that multilevel categorization may be a very general and fundamental phenomenon in the psychology of categorization.
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Savić, Milica, and Anders Myrset. "“But in England They're Certainly Very Polite, So You Mustn't Forget That”." In Teaching and Learning Second Language Pragmatics for Intercultural Understanding, 40–59. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003094128-3.
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Radermacher, Harriet, Colette Browning, and Susan Feldman. "8. ‘I feel very happy that I can contribute to society’: Exploring the Value of the Project for Older People." In Rethinking Second Language Learning, edited by Marisa Cordella and Hui Huang, 149–68. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783095414-013.
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Liefke, Kristina. "A Compositional Pluralist Semantics for Extensional and Attitude Verbs." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 25–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_2.
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AbstractWe propose a new account of linguistic content that reconciles content-pluralism with compositionality. This is achieved by integrating truth-conditional content and attitude report content into a single notion of content. A parametrized version of this notion (with parameters for agents, times, and information states) serves as input to the compositional semantic machinery. By supplying different parameter-values to the parametrized contents of their complements, different verbs select for different components of the complement’s integrated content. The resulting account explains the different substitution properties of extensional and attitude constructions and captures the role of agents’ epistemicperspective in the determination of attitude content. The account improves upon other accounts of truth-conditional and attitude content (esp. two-dimensional semantics) by interpreting different occurrences of an expression—in extensional and in attitude embeddings—as objects of the same semantic type, and by explaining the substitution-resistance of attitudinal embeddings of extensional constructions.
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Thepkanjana, Kingkarn, and Satoshi Uehara. "Verbal complexes in Thai." In Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages, 499–520. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759508.003.0019.
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This chapter investigates the serial verb constructions (SVC) in Thai, where the predicate takes the structure [V1 NP1 V2 (NP2)]. Focusing on a type of two-component SVC in which one component verb is the head and the other the modifier, we attempt to pinpoint those SVCs that correspond semantically to the Indian-type vector compound verbs, differentiating them from the Chinese-type resultative serial verbs. The V2 verbs, which are drawn from a limited set of verbs, modify the main verbs in V1 in terms of grammatical aspectual meanings or pragmatic meanings. The grammatical aspectual meaning of V2 is a part of the propositional meaning of the verbal complex and is relatively easy to identify. Most V2s in Thai verbal complexes modify V1s in terms of pragmatic specifications, which are rather difficult to spell out, and can be omitted without affecting the propositional meaning. These V2s are considered analogous to vector verbs.
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Annamalai, E. "The matrix of verb-verb sequences in Tamil." In Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages, 300–326. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759508.003.0012.
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Verb-Verb sequences characterize many types of grammatical constructions in Tamil. A subset of these sequences, called V-V sequences, characterize a predicate construction which is known otherwise as a complex predicate or compound verbs or serial verbs, though these are not identical. This predicate construction is shared by most Indian languages and found also in languages outside India such as Japanese. One of the verbs in the V-V sequence does not have lexical status referentially, or often even structurally. The comparison of Tamil and Japanese shows that the grammatical functions and the structural features of the verb sequence differ from language to language. An interesting conclusion drawn from this comparison is that specific members of each type of the sequence may be distributed differently across a matrix of types. In other words, an instance of a V-V sequence of Type 1 in one language may belong to Type 3 in another language.
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Manetta, Emily. "Expanding the typology of Verb Second VPE." In Rethinking Verb Second, 723–44. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0031.
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Mysteriously, Verb Second (V2) languages are known to exhibit auxiliary-stranding verb phrase ellipsis (VPE) but to lack verb-stranding VPE, even though the inflected verb must leave the VP (Mikkelsen 2006; LaCara 2014). Sailor (2018) claims that VPE bleeds V2; the feature that drives ellipsis (on T) is introduced derivationally prior to the feature driving V2 (on C). Only languages with verb movement triggered by T, as in Hebrew (Goldberg 2005), exhibit V-stranding VPE. This chapter offers evidence that Sailor’s approach is on the right track; the Indic language Kashmiri is a V2 language in which auxiliary-stranding and V-stranding VPE co-occur, because T is independently a trigger for V movement (Munshi and Bhatt 2009). The findings support a particular approach to the timing and interaction of the major operations in the grammar and suggest that any approach to V2 must account for the variation in the presentation of VPE in V2 languages.
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Jouitteau, Mélanie. "Verb Second and the Left Edge Filling Trigger." In Rethinking Verb Second, 455–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0019.
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This chapter is an inquiry into the subcomponent of the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) that is relevant for second position phenomena: the Left Edge Filling Trigger (LEFT). LEFT basically amounts to a classical morphological obligatory exponence effect, except that it is instantiated at the sentence level. It cross-linguistically operates in a post-syntactic realizational morphological module. It is shown that LEFT is an active rule of Universal Grammar, providing empirical arguments from Breton, a Celtic VSO language showing an extra conspicuous V2 requirement. A radical reanalysis of language word order typology is proposed. Classic V2 languages are conspicuously V2. SVO is a subtype. So-called V1 languages are either predicate-fronting languages (Tense second), or inconspicuously V2. A cross-linguistic typology of LEFT effects is presented, with great attention paid to inconspicuous satisfiers, among them null expletives, for which evidence is presented. The chapter argues accordingly for a drastic extension of the typology of expletives.
Conference papers on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Aristodemo, Valentina, Beatrice Giustolisi, Carlo Cecchetto, and Caterina Donati. "Comprehension of verb directionality in LIS and LSF." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0008/000423.
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The present work reports the results of a comprehension task on verb directionality in Italian Sign Language (LIS) and French Sign Language (LSF) considering native and non-native signers. Our goals were to study age of first language exposure effects on the comprehension of verb agreement in LIS and LSF, to verify whether a significant difference between forward and backward directionality was found, and see if our results may provide insight about the nature (gestural vs. linguistic) of verb directionality in sign languages. In both languages we found that the ability to comprehend verb agreement is affected in non-native signers. This indicates that delayed first language exposure has long lasting effects in adulthood. We argue that our results support analyses of verb agreement as a fully grammatical phenomenon.
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Tan, Kathleen Swee Neo, Tong Ming Lim, Chi Wee Tan, and Wei Wei Chew. "Review on Light Verb Constructions in Computational Linguistics." In International Conference on Digital Transformation and Applications (ICDXA 2021). Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56453/icdxa.2021.1016.
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Light verb constructions (LVC) are an interesting phenomenon that occurs in many languages. It is a category of verbal Multiword Expressions (MWE) and has the canonical form of verb+noun (Constant et al., 2017; Cordeiro and Candito, 2019; Nagy T., Rácz and Vincze, 2020). Examples of LVCs include give help, make a decision, and take a walk. Identifying LVCs is essential for many natural language processing (NLP) applications which include summarization, machine translation, semantic parsing, question answering, and information extraction. The importance of LVC identification to these downstream applications has recently spurred a growing volume of work in both the field of linguistics as well as computational linguistics in various languages as it can potentially increase the performance of these tasks. This paper presents a review of existing work related to LVC identification by summarizing gaps identified and proposing some future work that could bring novel contributions. Keywords: Light verb constructions, Multiword expressions, Natural Language Processing
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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.
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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.
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SANGHEUM, Yeon. "UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-28.
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Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
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Ming Lim, Tong, and Lee Sai Peck. "Extended Object Languages for The Extolware Persistent Framework." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2832.
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Users interact with a database system through a set of database languages and this makes designing database languages a very challenging task to a computer software engineer. A set of well-defined database languages must be easy to learn, easy to understand and powerful enough to capture semantic of a problem domain. This paper discusses design issues of a proposed database language, namely Extended Object Language or EOL for short, for an Extolware Persistent Object framework (Lim & Lee, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002a, 2002b, 2002c) that provide wrapping services for relational database systems and multidimensional database systems (DataPro, 1996; IBM Corp., 2001; Informix Software Inc., 2001a, 2001b). This research examines SQL3 (Fortier, 1999) and ODL/OQL (Cattell & Barry, 1999) with an overview of their language constructs and operators that support object-oriented requirements as stated in Object Data Management Group (ODMG) object model. Next, a discussion on the Extended Object Language (EOL) and its language constructs are examined. This is followed by a close examination of new database operators and constructs introduced into EOL. A design overview and evaluation of these database languages are examined. A summary on these languages is presented at the end of the paper with conclusion and further research plans.
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Bonkowski, Robert. "THE PROBLEM OF LEARNING BORROWINGS IN SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANISMS (IN RELATION TO SPORTS VOCABULARY)." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.269b.
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The paper sheds light on the problem of borrowings, which is extremely important when learning Serbian as a foreign language. The Serbian language is very open to elements from other languages. On the example of Germanisms (in the field of sports vocabulary), as foreign elements, it is possible to expand the vocabulary of students of the Serbian language as a foreign language. Borrowings, as part of the lexical subsystem, provide an opportunity to become important material that will meet studentsʼ expectations in terms of greater autonomy in language learning, didactic cooperation instead of learning itself, as well as the inclusion of various work techniques that would make language learning more attractive.
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Taylor, Max, Massimiliano Otto, Josh Ehlinger, and Jeff Imig. "Rust for Safe and Secure Avionics and Mission System Software." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16907.
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The development lifecycle of software for aircraft systems is dominated by safety and cybersecurity considerations. Software development processes and tools are being continually updated to improve and optimize these critical considerations. While the processes and tools have received continuous updates, changes to the programming languages employed for developing safe and secure software for aircraft systems have evolved at a much slower pace. As of 2017, 63% of Department of Defense (DoD) systems were developed with the C/C++ programming languages (Ref. 1). This is representative of the dominant position that software developed with the C/C++ programming language has in existing aircraft avionics and mission systems. The C language has been around since the 1970s and C++ was first introduced in the late 1980s. These languages are very stable and their extensive supporting ecosystems have helped grow and maintain their expansive use in aerospace and many other domains. The longevity of C/C++ has enabled language, usage, process, and tool tailoring so that the software built with C/C++ can be certified for use in both safety-critical and security-critical environments. The C/C++ ecosystems are stable and mature but have properties that make writing software embedded in aircraft avionics very challenging.
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Simi, Stephen, and Bill Jacobs. "Air Vehicle/Mission System Architecture (AV/MSA) Interface Definition." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16908.
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The development lifecycle of software for aircraft systems is dominated by safety and cybersecurity considerations. Software development processes and tools are being continually updated to improve and optimize these critical considerations. While the processes and tools have received continuous updates, changes to the programming languages employed for developing safe and secure software for aircraft systems have evolved at a much slower pace. As of 2017, 63% of Department of Defense (DoD) systems were developed with the C/C++ programming languages (Ref. 1). This is representative of the dominant position that software developed with the C/C++ programming language has in existing aircraft avionics and mission systems. The C language has been around since the 1970s and C++ was first introduced in the late 1980s. These languages are very stable and their extensive supporting ecosystems have helped grow and maintain their expansive use in aerospace and many other domains. The longevity of C/C++ has enabled language, usage, process, and tool tailoring so that the software built with C/C++ can be certified for use in both safety-critical and security-critical environments. The C/C++ ecosystems are stable and mature but have properties that make writing software embedded in aircraft avionics very challenging.
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Setiyawan, Arbi, Ni Lessari, and Hanik Devia. "Growing bigger and more accurate with GSBPM (part three)." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19503.
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Very different from other countries with only one language, Indonesia has more than three hundred local languages having more than seven hundred dialects. Currently all descriptions census and survey variables in questionnaire, data entry program, metadata, and interviewer guide book are available only in single national language. An interviewer may not be able to accurately translate variable descriptions from single national language to local languages and further to a particular dialect. This condition leads to misinterpretation and low accuracy in collected variables. We propose consolidation among local languages to produce official statistics variables at National Statistics College in the context of statistical education. Consolidation will produce multilingual official statistics equipment mentioned above. Every year there are several hundred new students at National Statistics College from almost every leading local language. These are untapped resources and are ready for this purpose. Data accuracy may be improved with multilingual descriptions variable. It will encourage a lot of information about a variable as much as local language but it will make data more accurate. There will be no biased variable because it has been explained in the local language. Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM) provides structured approach to arrive at more accurate data. A personal computer owned by every student offers far more ease and flexibility for review, validate, edit GSBPM sub-process during education. The academic campus has long standardized software to help for this purpose.
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Gu, Xiaodong, Hongyu Zhang, Dongmei Zhang, and Sunghun Kim. "DeepAM: Migrate APIs with Multi-modal Sequence to Sequence Learning." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/514.
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Computer programs written in one language are often required to be ported to other languages to support multiple devices and environments. When programs use language specific APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), it is very challenging to migrate these APIs to the corresponding APIs written in other languages. Existing approaches mine API mappings from projects that have corresponding versions in two languages. They rely on the sparse availability of bilingual projects, thus producing a limited number of API mappings. In this paper, we propose an intelligent system called DeepAM for automatically mining API mappings from a large-scale code corpus without bilingual projects. The key component of DeepAM is based on the multi-modal sequence to sequence learning architecture that aims to learn joint semantic representations of bilingual API sequences from big source code data. Experimental results indicate that DeepAM significantly increases the accuracy of API mappings as well as the number of API mappings when compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Reports on the topic "Thai language – Verb"
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Wilson, D., Daniel Breton, Lauren Waldrop, Danney Glaser, Ross Alter, Carl Hart, Wesley Barnes, et al. Signal propagation modeling in complex, three-dimensional environments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40321.
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The Signal Physics Representation in Uncertain and Complex Environments (SPRUCE) work unit, part of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Army Terrestrial-Environmental Modeling and Intelligence System (ARTEMIS) work package, focused on the creation of a suite of three-dimensional (3D) signal and sensor performance modeling capabilities that realistically capture propagation physics in urban, mountainous, forested, and other complex terrain environments. This report describes many of the developed technical capabilities. Particular highlights are (1) creation of a Java environmental data abstraction layer for 3D representation of the atmosphere and inhomogeneous terrain that ingests data from many common weather forecast models and terrain data formats, (2) extensions to the Environmental Awareness for Sensor and Emitter Employment (EASEE) software to enable 3D signal propagation modeling, (3) modeling of transmitter and receiver directivity functions in 3D including rotations of the transmitter and receiver platforms, (4) an Extensible Markup Language/JavaScript Object Notation (XML/JSON) interface to facilitate deployment of web services, (5) signal feature definitions and other support for infrasound modeling and for radio-frequency (RF) modeling in the very high frequency (VHF), ultra-high frequency (UHF), and super-high frequency (SHF) frequency ranges, and (6) probabilistic calculations for line-of-sight in complex terrain and vegetation.
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Mateo Díaz, Mercedes, Laura Becerra Luna, Juan Manuel Hernández-Agramonte, Florencia López, Marcelo Pérez Alfaro, and Alejandro Vasquez Echeverria. Nudging Parents to Improve Preschool Attendance in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002901.
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Uruguay has increased it preschool enrollment, reaching almost universal coverage among four- and five-year-olds. However, more than a third of children enrolled in preschool programs have insufficient attendance, with absenteeism higher in schools in lower socioeconomic areas and among younger preschool children. This paper presents the results of a behavioral intervention to increase preschool attendance nationwide. Most previous experiments using behavioral sciences have looked at the impact of nudging parents on attendance and learning for school-age children; this is the first experiment looking at both attendance and child development for preschool children. It is also the first behavioral intervention to use a government mobile app to send messages to parents of preschool children. The intervention had no average treatment effect on attendance, but results ranged widely across groups. Attendance by children in the 25th 75th percentiles of absenteeism rose by 0.320.68 days over the course of the 13-week intervention, and attendance among children in remote areas increased by 1.48 days. Among all children in the study, the intervention also increased language development by 0.10 standard deviations, an impact similar to that of very labor-intensive programs, such as home visits. The intervention had stronger effects on children in the remote provinces of Uruguay, increasing various domains of child development by about 0.33 to 0.37 standard deviations. Behavioral interventions seeking to reduce absenteeism and raise test scores usually nudge parents on both the importance of attendance and ways to improve child development. In this experiment, the nudges focused only on absenteeism but had an effect on both.
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Zarrieß, Benjamin, and Patrick Koopmann. On the Complexity of Verifying Timed Golog Programs over Description Logic Actions (Extended Version). Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.241.
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Golog programs allow to model complex behaviour of agents by combining primitive actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory using imperative and non-deterministic programming language constructs. In general, verifying temporal properties of Golog programs is undecidable. One way to establish decidability is to restrict the logic used by the program to a Description Logic (DL), for which recently some complexity upper bounds for verification problem have been established. However, so far it was open whether these results are tight, and lightweight DLs such as EL have not been studied at all. Furthermore, these results only apply to a setting where actions do not consume time, and the properties to be verified only refer to the timeline in a qualitative way. In a lot of applications, this is an unrealistic assumption. In this work, we study the verification problem for timed Golog programs, in which actions can be assigned differing durations, and temporal properties are specified in a metric branching time logic. This allows to annotate temporal properties with time intervals over which they are evaluated, to specify for example that some property should hold for at least n time units, or should become specified within some specified time window. We establish tight complexity bounds of the verification problem for both expressive and lightweight DLs. Our lower bounds already apply to a very limited fragment of the verification problem, and close open complexity bounds for the non-metrical cases studied before.
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Horrocks, Ian, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. A Description Logic with Transitive and Converse Roles, Role Hierarchies and Qualifying Number Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.94.
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As widely argued [HG97; Sat96], transitive roles play an important role in the adequate representation of aggregated objects: they allow these objects to be described by referring to their parts without specifying a level of decomposition. In [HG97], the Description Logic (DL) ALCHR+ is presented, which extends ALC with transitive roles and a role hierarchy. It is argued in [Sat98] that ALCHR+ is well-suited to the representation of aggregated objects in applications that require various part-whole relations to be distinguished, some of which are transitive. However, ALCHR+ allows neither the description of parts by means of the whole to which they belong, or vice versa. To overcome this limitation, we present the DL SHI which allows the use of, for example, has part as well as is part of. To achieve this, ALCHR+ was extended with inverse roles. It could be argued that, instead of defining yet another DL, one could make use of the results presented in [DL96] and use ALC extended with role expressions which include transitive closure and inverse operators. The reason for not proceeding like this is the fact that transitive roles can be implemented more efficiently than the transitive closure of roles (see [HG97]), although they lead to the same complexity class (ExpTime-hard) when added, together with role hierarchies, to ALC. Furthermore, it is still an open question whether the transitive closure of roles together with inverse roles necessitates the use of the cut rule [DM98], and this rule leads to an algorithm with very bad behaviour. We will present an algorithm for SHI without such a rule. Furthermore, we enrich the language with functional restrictions and, finally, with qualifying number restrictions. We give sound and complete decision proceduresfor the resulting logics that are derived from the initial algorithm for SHI. The structure of this report is as follows: In Section 2, we introduce the DL SI and present a tableaux algorithm for satisfiability (and subsumption) of SI-concepts—in another report [HST98] we prove that this algorithm can be refined to run in polynomial space. In Section 3 we add role hierarchies to SI and show how the algorithm can be modified to handle this extension appropriately. Please note that this logic, namely SHI, allows for the internalisation of general concept inclusion axioms, one of the most general form of terminological axioms. In Section 4 we augment SHI with functional restrictions and, using the so-called pairwise-blocking technique, the algorithm can be adapted to this extension as well. Finally, in Section 5, we show that standard techniques for handling qualifying number restrictions [HB91;BBH96] together with the techniques described in previous sections can be used to decide satisfiability and subsumption for SHIQ, namely ALC extended with transitive and inverse roles, role hierarchies, and qualifying number restrictions. Although Section 5 heavily depends on the previous sections, we have made it self-contained, i.e. it contains all necessary definitions and proofs from scratch, for a better readability. Building on the previous sections, Section 6 presents an algorithm that decides the satisfiability of SHIQ-ABoxes.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.
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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.