Academic literature on the topic 'Thai emerging adults'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Keawpugdee, Jantra, Plernpit Boonyamalik, Pimpan Silpasuwan, Chukiat Viwatwongkasem, and Ainat Koren. "Systematic Reviews of Hospital Readmission Risk Screening: Reflective Case Study of Older Adults with Stroke." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2048.
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Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, with older adults disproportionately affected. This study aimed to investigate stroke patients’ short- and long-term readmissions to develop a new readmission risk screening tool (RRST) by conducting a systematic review and examining reflective cases reported to validate screening applications. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on 4 databases; eligible systematic reviews via CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid UML, and Cochrane Library, with 14 research articles emerging to be content extracted as the 1st draft. Expert opinion assessed findings, then revised them to develop a new RRST draft and checked it with a reflective quality check of 4 selected, screened cases. The review identified 14 studies using 5 screening tools. ISAR, TRST, and HOSPITAL score showed low to moderate validity and moderate to good reliability. The Risk Readmission Assessment Tool (RRAT) and LACE index validity and reliability scores were low to moderate. Hospital readmission predictors were hospital admission history, polypharmacy, cognitive and memory problems, the need for help, difficulties in walking, length of stay, and comorbid conditions. The 4 cases reported reflecting the developed RRST screening showed all common features. Value-added, the new RRST could accurately predict high-risk hospital readmission groups; the extended RRST tool screening quality is to be verified in clinical and community trials.
HIGHLIGHTS
This study aimed to identify and assess the stroke risk screening on the stroke elderly patients before hospital discharge to home by exploring and synthesizing with systematic reviews and reflecting the practicability and efficacy of new screening tool. The finding that effectively constructed risk screening tools of hospital readmission among the stroke elderly is a development of unplanned hospital readmission risk detection in a practical way for Thai stroke patients might be of significant added value.
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Tzoulis, Ploutarchos. "Review of Endocrine Complications in Adult Patients with β-Thalassaemia Major." Thalassemia Reports 4, no. 3 (December 4, 2014): 4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/thal.2014.4871.
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Endocrine abnormalities are amongst the most common complications of β-thalassaemia major (TM). This is an overview of endocrinopathies of adult patients with β-thalassaemia major, excluding osteoporosis and fertility issues. This review will focus on emerging evidence in the last 5 years with regards to endocrinopathies in patients with TM.
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Driver, Daniel, Michelle Berlacher, Stephen Harder, Nicole Oakman, Maryam Warsi, and Eugene S. Chu. "The Inpatient Experience of Emerging Adults: Transitioning From Pediatric to Adult Care." Journal of Patient Experience 9 (January 2022): 237437352211336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735221133652.
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The pediatric-to-adult care transition has been correlated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality. Emerging adults transitioning from child-specific healthcare facilities to adult hospitals encounter marked differences in environment, culture, and processes of care. Accordingly, emerging adults may experience care differently than other hospitalized adults. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a large urban safety net hospital and compared all domains of patient experience between patients in 3 cohorts: ages 18 to 21, 22 to 25, and 26 years and older. We found that patient experience for emerging adults aged 18 to 21, and, to a lesser extent, aged 22 to 25, was significantly and substantially worse as compared to adults aged 26 and older. The domains of worsened experience were widespread and profound, with a 38-percentile difference in overall experience between emerging adults and established adults. While emerging adults experienced care worse in nearly all domains measured, the greatest differences were found in those pertinent to relationships between patients and care providers, suggesting a substantial deficit in our understanding of the preferences and values of emerging adults.
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Candel, Octav-Sorin. "The Link between Parenting Behaviors and Emerging Adults’ Relationship Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Relational Entitlement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020828.
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Previous research shows a link between parenting and children’s characteristics and interpersonal behaviors. However, little is known about the ways in which parenting tactics affect children’s romantic relationships and whether the children’s characteristics can mediate these associations. With this study, the aim was to test the associations between parents’ helicopter parenting/autonomy-supportive behaviors and emergent adults’ relational satisfaction and couple conflict. In addition, it was tested whether the sense of relational entitlement (excessive and restricted) mediated the links. Two hundred and twelve emergent adult–parent dyads participated in this study. Mediation analyses showed that parental autonomy-supportive behaviors had indirect effects on both the relational satisfaction and the couple conflict reported by the emerging adults through excessive relational entitlement. The link was positive for the former couple-related outcome and negative for the latter one. Helicopter parenting was not related to any variable reported by the emerging adults. In conclusion, positive parenting can increase relational stability and well-being by diminishing some potentially negative psychological characteristics of emerging adults.
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Hinton, Vanessa, and Jill Meyer. "Emerging Adulthood: Resilience and Support." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 28, no. 3 (2014): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.28.3.143.
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Purpose: This article provides an overview of emerging adulthood, recentering, and resilience of youth with disabilities. Emerging adulthood is a developmental period during which individuals experience delays in attainment of adult roles and social expectations. Recentering is a process that emerging adults experience as they make distinct shifts from adolescence to adulthood. Successful recentering is a result of supports, opportunities, and available choices. In addition, resilience is a psychological construct that manifests when positive experiences come out of adverse situations and is a key factor in one’s ability to recenter. This article also provides an overview of identified aspects of resilience within the emerging adulthood framework.Method: A computer search of ERIC and PsycINFO was used to locate studies published between 1990 and 2013. This timeframe was selected because the genesis of emerging adulthood came about in the early 1990s (Arnett, 2006).Results: The authors explored various factors such as social supports, self-determination, agency, adaptation, and coping that are linked to resilience and an emerging adult’s ability to recenter.Conclusions: Important connections with evidence-based practices and considerations for professional development are discussed in assisting consumers who are emerging adults in the recentering process. There is great diversity among individuals’ supports, opportunities, and choices, and there is a need for research investigating emerging adulthood and individuals with disabilities.
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Ediati, Annastasia, Salma Salma, and Dian Veronika Sakti Kaloeti. "PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY HURDLES AMONG EMERGING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ABOUT RESILIENCE IN THE INDONESIAN FAMILY." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.1.15-25.
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Family resilience is an essential skill for family members to deal with problems in their families. It is a condition in which a family able to adapt and successfully cope with stress, either now or in the future. Emerging adults are faced with a number of development tasks that focus on career development, independence, and building a family. The study aims to explore to what extent emerging adults in Indonesia interpret the problems in their families and describe their self-efficacies in dealing with these problems. The study participants comprised 1,010 emerging adults (aged 18-25 years old) who studied at various universities in Indonesia. They were approached using a snowball sampling technique. An indigenous psychology approach was used in the study and data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of data analysis showed that emerging adults in Indonesia positively interpreted the problems in their families. In addition, the majority of participants indicated of having self-efficacy towards problem-solving. We applied the sense of coherence concept to explain positive meanings and self-efficacy that have a positive impact on emerging adults in developing into resilient individuals in responding to the challenges of developmental tasks in the transition to adulthood.
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Norona, Jerika C., Patricia N. E. Roberson, and Deborah P. Welsh. "“I Learned Things That Make Me Happy, Things That Bring Me Down”." Journal of Adolescent Research 32, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558415605166.
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Early romantic relationships have been described as the “learning context” and “training ground” for future intimate relationships; however, research has yet to examine the lessons that individuals take away from such relationships. In the present mixed-methods, longitudinal study, 348 adolescents and emerging adults (53% girls/young women) between the ages of 15 and 23 years were asked to reflect on and report the lessons they learned from romantic relationships in which they were involved 1 year ago (Time 1). These lessons were found to reflect the areas of romantic competence proposed by Shulman et al., including social cognitive maturity, romantic agency, and coherence. Quantitative analyses revealed that girls/young women more often referenced all three of the investigated areas of romantic competence than did boys/young men. In addition, emerging adults and individuals whose relationships were still intact at Time 2 more often referenced social cognitive maturity and coherence, whereas adolescents and individuals whose relationships ended by Time 2 more often referenced romantic agency. Furthermore, qualitative analyses revealed important gender and age differences in the ways adolescent girls and boys and emerging adult women and men described their lessons. In general, results suggest an experiential component to the development of romantic competence that complements developmental factors.
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Lanz, Margherita, Angela Sorgente, and Sharon M. Danes. "Implicit Family Financial Socialization and Emerging Adults’ Financial Well-Being: A Multi-Informant Approach." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696819876752.
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This study’s purpose is to investigate how implicit family financial socialization (family communication quality and family economic enmeshment) influences emerging adults’ objective and subjective financial well-being mediated by the degree to which the emerging adult child adopts their parents as financial role model. Using a multi-informant approach, structural equation model family-level analyses were conducted based on responses from mothers, fathers, and emerging adults in 160 Italian families. Results indicate that family communication quality has an indirect, positive effect on subjective financial well-being through adoption of parents as a financial role model. Family economic enmeshment has a direct, negative effect on the emerging adult’s personal income not received from their parents. A direct, positive relationship was found between adoption of parents as financial role models and economic dependence on parents.
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Lee, Daniel B., Justin E. Heinze, Enrique W. Neblett, Cleopatra H. Caldwell, and Marc A. Zimmerman. "Trajectories of Racial Discrimination That Predict Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults." Emerging Adulthood 6, no. 5 (December 14, 2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696817739022.
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The association between racial discrimination (discrimination) and problematic alcohol use in African American (AA) emerging adults is well-documented. Few researchers, however, have studied the longitudinal relationship between discrimination and problematic alcohol use among AA male and female emerging adults. In a sample of 681 AAs aged 19–25 (51% male), we explored multiple, distinct trajectories of discrimination and sociodemographic predictors of the trajectory classifications. We also examined the relation between discrimination trajectories and problematic alcohol use and the extent to which sex modified these associations. Collectively, the findings revealed that three trajectories—high-stable, low-rising, and low-declining—characterized discrimination experiences for AA emerging adults. Males in the high-stable trajectory class reported more problematic alcohol use than males in other trajectory classes and all females. These findings lay the foundation for future research that examines gender-specific mechanisms in the discrimination–health link.
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Cartwright, Robert Freeman, and Suzanna J. Opree. "All that glitters is not gold: do materialistic cues in advertising yield resistance?" Young Consumers 17, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-12-2015-00573.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate emerging adults’ emotional responses to a commercial with materialistic cues, and the commercial’s perceived and actual effect on materialism – taking the role of pre-existing attitudes toward advertising into account. Design/methodology/approach The paper used a mixed-method design to gauge emotions evoked by materialistic cues both qualitatively and quantitatively. Emotions were assessed using both open-ended and close-ended questions. Perceived effectiveness was also measured using close-ended questions. To establish the commercial’s actual effect, an online experiment was conducted. In total, 179 individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 years participated. Findings Emerging adults’ pre-existing attitudes toward advertising predicted their emotional responses toward a commercial with materialistic cues (i.e. influencing whether they are negative, neutral or positive) as well as the perceived effectiveness of materialistic cues in advertising. A one-time exposure to a commercial with materialistic cues does not increase materialism. Practical implications Emerging adults who dislike advertising, tend to also dislike advertising with materialistic cues and perceive it as less effective. However, young consumers with an interest in advertising do appreciate the use of materialistic cues and perceive them as being effective. Although no actual effect was found, this could be a reason for advertisers to use materialistic cues. Originality/value This paper is the first to investigate consumers’ emotions toward materialistic cues, and to study their perceived and actual effect. Moreover, it is the first to examine the link between advertising exposure and materialism among emerging adults.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Robertson, F. LaShell. "Demographics, Self-Autonomy, and Relationships as Predictors of Substance Use Among Community College Learners." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5649.
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Abuse of prescription and over-the-counter substances other than alcohol is becoming a prevalent issue; therefore, it is important to identify factors that may help predict risk for this abuse. Some demographic and situational factors have been identified for traditional 4-year college students. However, less is known about community college students, who enter college less academically prepared and may be still enmeshed with family and peer groups from high school. In this correlational study, predictors of substance abuse other than alcohol were explored among a convenience sample of 118 students from an American community college. The research question was developed based on previous research such as Bandura's social learning theory and Arnett's theory of emerging adults. The question explored how well gender (male, female, other) and 2 dimensions from the Ryff scale of psychological well-being (sense of autonomy and positive relationships with others) predict substance use among the community college sample. Use of substances other than alcohol was measured using the Drug Abuse Screening Test-10. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. Although gender was not related to substance use, higher autonomy and more positive relationships scores were statistically significant predictors of higher use of substances other than alcohol among this sample. These findings were consistent with characteristics of emerging adulthood that may present risk factors for this group of college students. Findings support positive social change as they may be considered by stakeholders when considering possible prevention or intervention activities to address substance use issues on community college campuses.
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"“It's More Important That I Serve Someone Else's Needs. Or That I Just Don't Become the Problem”: Emerging Adult Women on Sexual Communication." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53826.
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abstract: Sexual satisfaction has been positively linked to both individual and relational wellbeing (Christopher & Sprecher, 2000; Davison, Bell, LaChina, Holden, & Davis, 2009). Further, sexual communication has demonstrated positive impacts on sexual satisfaction (Byers, 2005); yet, research by MacNeil and Byers (2009) found that most people in romantic relationships do not share their sexual preferences with their partner. According to Tolman (2002), women seem to be especially reluctant to communicate sexually, due to the particular societal restrictions placed on expressions of female sexuality and desire. This study aims to understand how emerging adult women communicate with their sexual partners in order to increase pleasure, what barriers exist to sexual communication for these women, and how gendered social norms are expressed in the process. Based on interviews with 19 women between the ages of 20-29, the findings of this study suggest that emerging women often place more weight on social expectations of appropriate female sexual expression than relational context when choosing whether or not and/or how to sexually self-disclose. Further, the women in this study were at varying stages of renegotiating their internalization of the prioritization of male sexual pleasure over female pleasure.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Communication Studies 2019
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Thomas, Dawie. "An exploration of the factors that influence theological students in the area of moral development and decision-making in the charismatic tradition." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18838.
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Moral formation is a crucial aspect of the training that young Christian leaders have to be exposed to during their education. A holistic focus was adopted to analyse the nuances of the moral self and give moral formation the focus it requires. Three major areas of the moral self namely knowledge, emotion and socialization have been investigated. The study was exploratory in nature and made use of a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed with a constructivist framework using content analysis. Findings mainly related to the three areas under focus with the impact of emotions being the most prominent. The influence of the Holy Spirit was also a key finding as charismatic emerging adults depended on his guidance during moral decision making. The data also reflected the significant interaction and overlap of the three areas exercising an influence on emerging adults’ moral decision making.Practical Theology
M.Th. (Practical Theology)
Books on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Rocque, Michael, Agnieszka Serwik, and Judy Plummer-Beale. Offender Rehabilitation and Reentry During Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0046.
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The criminal justice system has long been delineated along juvenile and adult lines. The ostensible rationale for this separation was that juveniles are developmentally distinct from adults; they require less punitive, more rehabilitative treatment than adults in order to improve their behavior. The underlying assumption is that adults are fully mature, and so developmental programs will be ineffective for them. However, recent research has indicated that young or emerging adults are not fully mature, either socially or physiologically. This has led for some to call for a new, “third way” approach for young adult offenders. We describe a program in Maine designed for young adult offenders, in which inmates are separated from both juveniles and adults and provided a diverse array of programming.
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Thompson, Sanna, Kristin Ferguson, Kimberly Bender, Stephanie Begun, and Yeonwoo Kim. Homeless Emerging Adults. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.33.
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Navigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood is challenging for homeless emerging adults due to the absence of basic resources, sexual and physical victimization, psychological challenges, and unstable living conditions. To address the developmental issues associated with homelessness, this chapter utilizes a social estrangement framework to describe homeless emerging adults’ institutional/societal disaffiliation, human capital, identification with the homeless lifestyle, and psychological dysfunction. These terms are used to identify the developmental milestones associated with becoming adults in unconventional circumstances and during the nontraditional developmental processes experienced by homeless emerging adults. Intervention approaches are discussed in terms of services and barriers to care for homeless emerging adults. Policies are discussed that highlight the need for additional attention to service needs, mental health challenges, and criminal justice involvement of this population of emerging adults.
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Robinson, Oliver, and Rita Žukauskienė. Flourishing in European Emerging Adults. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0039.
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This chapter explores the challenges that European emerging adults encounter in attempting to flourish within a continent that has extreme levels of socioeconomic inequality and very high levels of migration. Average incomes across the countries of the EU differ by up to a factor of 10, and in the less affluent countries there is a strong motive to move to a more wealthy country to find better paid work. This tends to happen during emerging adulthood; the overwhelming majority of economic migrants in Europe are between the ages of 18 and 30. The well-being of emerging adults in Europe is captured by the European Social Survey (ESS). In 2012, France scored lowest of all participating countries in the ESS for flourishing. We briefly explore how the absence of flourishing in young people may be linked to radicalization, and link this to France’s recent difficulties with terrorism committed by young adult males.
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Schwartz, Seth J., Byron L. Zamboanga, Koen Luyckx, Alan Meca, and Rachel Ritchie. Identity in Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.001.
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This chapter presents a review of identity status-based theory and research with adolescents and emerging adults, with some coverage of related approaches such as narrative identity and identity style. In the first section, the authors review Erikson’s theory of identity and early identity status research examining differences in personality and cognitive variables across statuses. They then review two contemporary identity models that extend identity status theory and explicitly frame identity development as a dynamic and iterative process. The authors also review work that has focused on specific domains of identity. The second section of the chapter discusses mental and physical health correlates of identity processes and statuses. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future identity research with adolescent and emerging-adult populations.
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Risman, Barbara J. Millennials as Emerging Adults. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199324385.003.0003.
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This chapter begins by providing a historical context for the Millennial generation. Growing up is different in the 21st century than before; it takes much longer. Given how many years youth take to explore their identities before they emerge into adulthood with stable jobs and committed partners, the chapter reviews what we now about “emerging adulthood” as a stage of human development. The chapter also highlights a debate in social science as to whether Millennials are entitled narcissists or a new civically engaged generation that will re-energize America. The chapter concludes with an overview of another debate, whether Millennials are pushing the gender revolution forward or returning to more traditional beliefs.
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Bronk, Kendall Cotton, and Rachel Baumsteiger. The Role of Purpose Among Emerging Adults. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0004.
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The present chapter is concerned with one particular facet of thriving during emerging adulthood: the commitment to a purpose in life. We situate purpose within the broader context of emerging adult moral formation and outline three ways leading a life of purpose can contribute to optimal development during this stage. As a means of fully fleshing out the ways that pursuing a personally meaningful aspiration can help emerging adults flourish, we profile three young exemplars of purpose. These young people were interviewed three times over a five-year period spanning adolescence and emerging adulthood, and from them we learn how a purpose in life can contribute to flourishing in the twenties. The chapter concludes with a discussion of proposed future directions for the study of purpose among emerging adults.
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Dietrich, Julia, and Katariina Salmela-Aro. Emerging Adults and Work. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.25.
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The transition from education to work is a key developmental task of emerging adulthood. In this chapter, the authors approach this transition from an engagement perspective, presenting a model of phase-adequate engagement that links career development, developmental regulation, and identity development theories in the context of the education-to-work transition. Taking a phase-adequate engagement perspective, they then review the literature on emerging adults’ transition from education to work and the role of interpersonal contexts. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research, emphasizing that a holistic view is needed in the study of emerging adults’ engagement, one taking more into account the structural, institutional, and cultural contexts that emerging adults are exposed to when transitioning from education to work.
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Willoughby, Brian J., and Spencer L. James. Dating, Hooking Up, and Love. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190296650.003.0002.
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This chapter provides an overview of the modern context of emerging adult dating and cohabitation. Information is provided on the sexual activity, hooking-up, and dating behaviors of emerging adults, and modern trends in each of these areas are discussed. Relationships among emerging adults are more complex than in previous generations. Societal shifts in the acceptability of nonmarital sex and cohabitation have created a space where emerging adults can engage in long-term serial monogamy. The ways in which dating and cohabitation during emerging adulthood have changed in the past 50 years provide the historical context for many of the marriage paradoxes discussed in later chapters.
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Dasianu, Ashley. Emerging Adult Essay. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0026.
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Growing up, I was always a fainter. My family tells countless tales of the times I have fainted, whether from seeing someone receive a shot or from seeing something as small as a cut finger. As I walked down the hall of a Romanian hospital, I quietly hoped that I would be able to handle what I was about to see and stay on my feet. I knew enough about what had happened to the boy in the room ahead to know that what I was about to encounter would be much more traumatic than a cut finger....
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Magolda, Marcia Baxter, and Kari B. Taylor. Developing Self-Authorship in College to Navigate Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.34.
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Many emerging adults find themselves navigating the complex transition from adolescence to adulthood while enrolled in college. The key to navigating the demands of college (and emerging adulthood) is not simply what decisions one makes but also how one makes them. This chapter foregrounds college student development research regarding the developmental capacities that underlie young adults’ decision-making processes. Drawing upon two longitudinal studies of college student and young adult development, the authors show how young adults move from uncritically following external formulas learned in childhood toward gaining the capacity for self-authorship—a journey that involves developing internal criteria for crafting one’s identities, relationships, and beliefs and yields the ability to navigate external demands. The authors emphasize that diverse combinations of personal characteristics, experiences, and meaning-making capacities yield diverse pathways toward self-authorship. They also highlight how higher education can promote self-authorship and explore further research to better understand self-authorship’s relevance across cultures.
Book chapters on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Ribar, David C., and Clement Wong. "Emerging Adulthood in Australia: How is this Stage Lived?" In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 157–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_8.
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AbstractThe period during which young people are financially and residentially dependent on their parents is lengthening and extending into adulthood. This has created an in-between period of “emerging adulthood” where young people are legal adults but without the full responsibilities and autonomy of independent adults. There is considerable debate over whether emerging adulthood represents a new developmental phase in which young people invest in schooling, work experiences, and life skills to increase their later lifetime chances of success or a reflection of poor economic opportunities and high living costs that constrain young people into dependence. In this chapter we examine the incidence of emerging adulthood and the characteristics and behaviours of emerging adults, investigating data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. We find that a majority of young Australians who are 22 years old or younger are residentially and financial dependent on their parents and thus, emerging adults. We also find that a substantial minority of 23- to 25-year-olds meet this definition and that the proportion of young people who are emerging adults has grown over time. Emerging adults have autonomy in some spheres of their lives but not others. Most emerging adults are enrolled in school. Although most also work, they often do so through casual jobs and with low earnings. Young people with high-income parents receive co-residential and financial support longer than young people with low-income parents. Similarly, non-Indigenous young people and young people from two-parent families receive support for longer than Indigenous Australians or young people from single-parent backgrounds. The evidence strongly supports distinguishing emerging adulthood from other stages in the life course.
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Lam, Jack, Catherine Dickson, and Janeen Baxter. "Ageing and Loneliness: A Life Course and Cumulative Disadvantage Approach." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 279–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_13.
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AbstractLoneliness is emerging as a significant issue in modern societies with impacts on health and wellbeing. Many of the existing studies on loneliness focus on its contemporaneous correlates. Drawing on life course and cumulative disadvantage theory and data from qualitative interviews with 50 older adults living in the community, we examine how past events shape variations in later-life loneliness. We identify four factors that are of significance for understanding loneliness: (1) Formation of social networks; (2) history of familial support; (3) relocation and migration, and (4) widowhood and separation. Our findings point to the importance of maintenance of social ties over the adult life course while at the same time highlighting how disruptions to social networks impact on later-life loneliness. We also find that loneliness and disadvantage, like other social or health outcomes, compound over time.
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Nynäs, Peter, Ariela Keysar, and Sofia Sjö. "A Multinational Study on Young Adults and Contemporary (Non)religion: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches." In The Diversity Of Worldviews Among Young Adults, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94691-3_1.
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AbstractHow can we comprehend contemporary forms of religion? What is an adequate methodological approach? Religion as an object of study has become increasingly evasive and there is an urgent need to address the limitations emerging from previous conceptual bias and limited empirical perspectives. This chapter presents the international research project Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective (YARG), its aims, questions, leading ideas and perspectives. In particular, we shed light on the mixed-method approach that was developed in order to meet the current challenges and demands. At the core of this is the Faith Q-Sort (FQS), a novel method for assessing religiosity developed by David Wulff (J Sci Study Relig 58:643–665, 2019). The chapter describes the strength of FQS for comparisons across cultures and its potential to expose new and emerging worldview subjectivities and defining elements in these. Finally, we shed light on how we applied the mixed method approach in studies of relevant themes.
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Smith, Douglas C., Kyle M. Bennett, Michael L. Dennis, and Rodney Funk. "Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders among Emerging Adults." In Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment, 38–70. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0003.
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Several challenges may hinder accurate screening for and assessment of substance use disorders among emerging adults ages 18–29. This chapter discusses emerging adult–specific research on diagnosing substance use disorders and several empirically supported screeners and assessments that may be useful to those working with emerging adults. First, emerging adult–specific research supporting changes to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, is reviewed, and nuances in using the DSM-5 with emerging adults are discussed. The chapter highlights idiosyncrasies in emerging adult symptom patterns using data from large national surveys. Finally, a practice-friendly review of screening and assessment instruments commonly used with emerging adults is provided. For screening instruments, administration time, the instrument’s ability to discern which emerging adults exhibit substance use problems, and emerging adult–specific cutoff points in the literature are addressed. For assessment tools, comprehensiveness of the instrument, administration time, and contexts in which the instrument has been used with emerging adults are discussed.
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Bergman, Brandon G., John F. Kelly, Nilofar Fallah-Sohy, and Sarah Makhani. "Emerging Adults, Mutual-Help Organizations, and Addiction Recovery." In Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment, 167–95. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0008.
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A body of literature has shown that free, widely available mutual-help organizations (MHOs), such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), offer cost-efficient community-based sources of recovery support for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). Emerging adults (18–29 years old) are a prevalent group of individuals in the SUD treatment system who present unique challenges and typically have poorer outcomes than those of older adults (e.g., 30+ years). Given the need to identify low-cost strategies that can help destabilize the course of SUD for emerging adults, this chapter reviews the extent to which emerging adults participate in MHOs and the degree to which they benefit from participation in MHOs. The chapter also outlines the mechanisms through which MHO participation promotes better outcomes and the factors that influence emerging adults’ MHO participation and participation-related benefit. The chapter then highlights opportunities for timely but as-of-yet untapped targets for emerging adult recovery-related research, such as the intersection between MHO participation and opioid agonist treatment.
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Brown, Megan Lindsay, Judy Krysik, Walter LaMendola, Drishti Sinha, and Lauren Reed. "Relationship Fluidity." In Recent Advances in Digital Media Impacts on Identity, Sexuality, and Relationships, 39–61. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1063-6.ch003.
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Emerging adults are persistent users of information and communication technology (ICT), with young women between 18-29 being the highest users of ICT in the United States. Relatively little research has investigated how young women internalize experiences of emerging adulthood in the context of their development, and especially intimate relationships. Using qualitative interviews with young adult women, this chapter will explore how high ICT use mediates the developmental tasks of forming an adult identity and intimate relationships. Emerging adult women (18-29) who were high users of ICT (N=22) described their user habits and discussed their developmental trajectories and experiences. Findings demonstrated that identity and intimacy are still pertinent developmental tasks for emerging adults but have changed in nature allowing a fluidity that challenges the bounds of traditionally developmental theories.
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Massey, Sean G., Richard E. Mattson, Mei-Hsiu Chen, Melissa Hardesty, Ann Merriwether, Sarah R. Young, and Maggie M. Parker. "Brief Report." In Sexuality in Emerging Adulthood, 181–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190057008.003.0011.
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This trend study analyzed 9 years (2011–2019) of cross-sectional survey responses to Klein’s Sexual Orientation Grid to explore changes in sexual orientation among emerging adult college students. Categorical regression models based on ordinal responses revealed that participants were moving away from exclusive heterosexuality on attraction, behavior, and identity subscales at a rate of approximately 6% per year. This trend augments for women after 2014, coinciding with increased advocacy efforts related to U.S. marriage equality, but attenuates for men. Participants’ race also related to variations in sexual orientation: Black participants were less likely than White participants to identify as exclusively heterosexual, whereas the pattern reversed for Asian participants relative to White participants. These findings suggest that changes in sexual orientation are occurring among emerging adults in the United States, potentially in response to changing social and political contexts, but these changes are more pronounced in women and Black emerging adults.
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Konstam, Varda. "Premarital Romantic Commitment." In The Romantic Lives of Emerging Adults, 47–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639778.003.0003.
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Relational skills gained through forming committed romantic partnerships in emerging adulthood provide the foundation for sustained intimacy in later adult relationships. Commitment emerges as a crucial relational factor in the quality and longevity of romantic relationships. Twenty-nine emerging adults spoke about the meaning, expectations, and formation of commitment in romantic relationships. Results revealed that emerging adults maintain traditional values concerning monogamy, trust/respect, and planning for the future. Although the majority of the participants could readily identify what they were looking for in a romantic commitment, they hesitated to communicate their desire with their partners. Clinical implications are discussed.
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"Emerging Issues in the Emerging Adult Substance Use Field." In Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment, edited by Douglas C. Smith, 261–72. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0012.
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Nearly two decades of research exist that use emerging adulthood as an organizing developmental construct to describe individuals ages 18–29. Yet, much remains to be learned regarding how to best provide effective substance use disorder prevention and treatment services to this population. This chapter argues that emerging adults should be considered a special population worthy of additional research and clinical program development efforts. Additionally, it provides one clinical scientist’s views on priority research and clinical practice areas that may improve substance use disorder treatment and prevention services to emerging adults. These priority research areas include increasing access and retention of emerging adults in substance use treatment, improving the diagnostic classification of substance use problems with emerging adults, monitoring macro-level trends with marijuana and opiate use among emerging adults, and gaining a better understanding of whether developmental constructs thought to be unique to emerging adults predict the onset, course, or treatment response of substance use disorders.
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Olmstead, Spencer B., and Kristin M. Anders. "Sexuality in Emerging Adulthood." In Sexuality in Emerging Adulthood, 13–22. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190057008.003.0002.
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Scientific theory is essential to research on sexuality and sexual experiences in emerging adulthood. Theory serves a number of important functions for research, including prediction and explanation. Research has often utilized theory to help enhance what is known about sexuality among those in the developmental period of emerging adulthood. This chapter offers a primer on theories that have been used regularly when studying sex and relationships using emerging adult samples, including life course development theory, symbolic interactionism, social exchange theory, and the theory of sexual possible selves. Following discussion of these theories and their role in guiding research and explaining findings on sex and sexuality, this chapter offers theoretical directions to enhance the rigor of the use of theory in future research on sexual experiences among emerging adults.
Conference papers on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Bartel, Sara, Simon Sherry, and Sherry Stewart. "COVID-19’s impact on cannabis use: Can we trust retrospective cross-sectional data?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.18.
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Background: Emergent research suggests there has been an increase in cannabis use levels during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, several gaps remain. It is unclear what impact the pandemic has had on the frequency vs. quantity of cannabis use. Additionally, research has not focused on emerging adults, a population often more likely to use cannabis. Moreover, as existing studies are cross-sectional and retrospective, it is not clear whether participant reports of increasing cannabis use during COVID-19 are accurate. We sought to fill these gaps to provide further information about the impact of COVID-19 on cannabis use and the accuracy of related retrospective self-reports. Design and Methods: Seventy emerging adults in an ongoing longitudinal study on alcohol and cannabis users completed surveys on COVID-19 and substance use between March 23rd-June 5th. Their substance use four months earlier was extracted from the existing dataset. Results: 54% of participants reported an increase in cannabis use frequency during the pandemic, while 39% reported an increase in cannabis quantity. An examination of objective change scores indicated 50% of participants actually increased their cannabis use frequency during the pandemic, while 32% actually increased their cannabis quantity. A comparison of retrospective subjective change with longitudinal objective change scores indicated participants were relatively accurate in their retrospective reports of change in cannabis use frequency but were relatively inaccurate in their retrospective reports of change in cannabis use quantity. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to increase cannabis use frequency in the slight majority of cannabis using emerging adults. Our results suggest that retrospective cross-sectional reports may be a reasonable proxy for COVID-19 related cannabis use change in the case of cannabis use frequency. But our results question their use for determining how the pandemic is impacting cannabis use quantity. Importantly, our results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic poses health threats that extend beyond the virus itself. It is essential that public health efforts address the increasing frequency of cannabis use in emerging adult users.
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Bernusky, Haley, Phil Tibbo, Fakir Yunus, Patricia Conrod, Matthew Keough, Kara Thompson, Marvin Krank, and Sherry Stewart. "Does Anxiety Mediate the Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adults? Investigating a Conditional Process Model in a Multi-Site University Sample." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.15.
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Background/Aim: Cannabis is commonly used by Canadian emerging adults (ages 18-25 years), many of whom attend post-secondary institutions. Frequent cannabis use has been linked with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs); however, the exact nature of this complex relationship remains to be fully understood. Anxiety is a prevalent mental health concern in emerging adults and university students, and anxiety has been independently linked with both cannabis use and PLEs. Males and females use cannabis and experience mental health differently: females tend to be more anxious while males tend to use more cannabis and are at higher risk for psychotic-like experiences. In this first of two studies for my Masters, I evaluated whether anxiety mediated the relationship between cannabis use frequency and PLEs in emerging adult undergraduates. I then tested the impact of moderation by biological sex by assessing if the mediation model held statistical significance across sexes. Hypotheses: H1) Consuming cannabis more frequently will be associated with more anxiety which, in turn, will be associated with greater PLEs in emerging adults, H2) the anxiety mediation pathway will be statistically stronger for females; and H3) males will have a stronger direct association between cannabis use and PLEs. Method: A sample of 1,507 first- and second-year emerging adult university students (mean [SD] age = 19.2 [1.52] years; 67% female) were recruited. Cross-sectional, self-report survey data were collected throughout fall 2021 from five Canadian universities as part of the UniVenture substance misuse prevention trial. Validated measures capturing demographics, cannabis use frequency, anxiety, and PLEs were administered. Results: The mediation model with cannabis use frequency as the predictor, PLEs as the outcome, and anxiety as the mediator was tested, followed by testing a moderated mediation (conditional process) model with biological sex moderating the paths from cannabis use frequency to anxiety and from cannabis use frequency to PLEs using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals showed evidence of a significant indirect effect of cannabis use on PLEs through anxiety for emerging adults (a-path p < .001; b-path p < .001; 95% CI [.016, .048]), supporting H1. No direct effect was found (c’-path p = .946) suggesting that the relationship between frequent cannabis use and PLEs may be fully mediated by anxiety. In the second model, significant moderated mediation was found (95% CI [.005, .060]). More frequent cannabis use was associated with increased anxiety among females only. Conditional indirect effects showed significant mediation through anxiety for females (95% CI [.020, .056]), but not males (95% CI [-.015, .028]), consistent with H2. No significant sex moderation was found for conditional direct effects of cannabis on PLEs for either males (p = .667) or females (p = .907), contrary to H3. Conclusion: Assuming replication in prospective research, results highlight anxiety as an important intervention target in frequent female cannabis users to potentially prevent the development or worsening of PLEs. Understanding differential trajectories from frequent cannabis use to PLEs is important for informing individualized prevention and programming and encouraging health equity.
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Kelly, Lourah, Nicholas Livingston, Tess Drazdowski, and Kristyn Zajac. "Gender and Age Differences in Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorders and Suicidality in a National Sample." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.28.
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Approximately 40 million adults use marijuana annually, making marijuana one of the most commonly used substances in the United States (SAMHSA, 2019). Men and emerging adults (ages 18-25) report higher prevalence of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) relative to women and older adults (CBHSQ, 2015; Khan et al., 2013). More frequent marijuana use is associated with greater likelihood of suicidal ideation (Ilgen et al., 2009), and past year use in emerging adults is associated with future suicide attempts (Pedersen, 2008). Similar to correlates of marijuana use, emerging adults and men have higher rates of suicidality (SAMHSA, 2019; Krug et al., 2002). Limited research has tested gender and age differences in comorbid CUDs and suicidality. The current study evaluated gender and age differences in CUDs only, suicidality only, or comorbid CUDs and suicidality in a national sample of adults. We hypothesized that men and emerging adults would be over-represented in comorbid CUDs and suicidality and CUDs only groups. Data were from four consecutive years (2015-2018) of the National Survey of Drug Use and Heath. Multinomial logistic regressions tested gender and age differences in adults with DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence (CUDs) only, suicidality only, and comorbid CUDs and suicidality, all compared to adults with neither CUDs or suicidality. Four separate regressions were conducted for passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts. Gender was coded as male or female. Age groups were 18–25, 26–34, 35–49, and 50 years or older. Analyses controlled for survey year, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, household income, past year major depressive episode, past year DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence, and past year illicit drug abuse or dependence other than CUDs. Men disproportionately reported CUDs only (ORs=1.73-2.19, p<.001) and comorbid CUDs and passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, and suicide planning (ORs=1.72-2.12, p<.01), but not attempts (OR=1.16, p=.45) relative to women. Men reported 22% higher odds of active suicidal ideation than women. Women reported 15% higher odds of suicide attempts than men. Gender differences in passive suicidal ideation and planning were not statistically significant. Compared to older age groups, emerging adults were significantly more likely to report CUDs only (ORs=1.74-10.49, p’s<.01) and showed 2.36 to 14.24 times greater odds of comorbid CUDs and all four forms of suicidality (p<.001). Emerging adults were at 18% to 66% higher odds of either passive or active suicidal ideation alone compared to all older age groups (p’s<.001). This study investigated the relations between CUDs, suicidality, gender, and age in a nationally representative sample of adults. Results indicated that men and emerging adults consistently reported the highest likelihood of negative outcomes. Next steps include determining the direction of the relationship between CUDs and increasing severity of suicidality. Further, development and investment in programs for emerging adults with CUDs and suicidality are vitally important given the striking risk profile compared to other age groups. Future research should include program development and evaluation as well as gathering more information on risk and protective factors for these populations.
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Psheminska, Larisa, and Pavlo Tychyna. "Voice Controlled Devices:." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100840.
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Voice Controlled Devices (VCDs) are becoming increasingly popular, both as integrated voice control functionality in mobile and stationary devices and in the form of devices that can be controlled primarily by voice, such as smart speakers.Young adults have already grown up with digital technologies that can be operated via peripherals or touchscreens. It is particularly interesting whether this younger generation, familiar with conventional human-computer interfaces, will accept the voice control function. In this context, however, there is a lack of studies that address awareness, usage, and reservations of voice-controlled interfaces among young adults.This paper presents a quantitative study (n=246) that shows that while 96% of young adults are aware of VCDs, only 18% regularly use the voice control feature. However, 77% expressed concerns that their data would not be safe using VCDs.
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Borduin, Russell, Karthik Ramaswamy, Ashwin Mohan, Rex Cocroft, and Satish S. Nair. "Modeling the Rapid Transmission of Information Within a Social Group of Insects: Emergent Patterns in the Antipredator Signals." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2298.
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The study of group behavior in animals emerging from social interactions among individuals using agent based models has gained momentum in recent years. Although most of the individuals in a group of the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis do not have information about where the predator is, the signaling behavior of the group yields an emergent pattern that provides the defending adult with information about predator presence and location. Offspring signal synchronously to warn a defending parent of a predator attack. We develop a computational model of rapid signaler-receiver interactions in this group-living insect. We test the emergence of informative global patterns by providing interacting juvenile nymphs with limited locally available information with this agent based model. Known parameters such as size of the aggregation and spatial distribution are estimated from experimental recordings. Further, the model investigates the behavioral rules underlying group signaling patterns that reveal the predator’s location. We also show how variation in these behavioral rules can bring about variation in group signals, demonstrating the potential for natural selection to shape these rules.
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LOKULIYANA, C. K., and G. R. RATNAYAKE. "A STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL INTERACTION ARISES FROM URBAN PARK ENVIRONMENT THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERACTION TYPES; Related to Diyatha, Katubedda and Kelimadala urban parks in Colombo district." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.3.
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In 1990s, the decrement of non-built up areas due to urbanization in Sri Lanka cause for reducing the quality of life and emerging of social issues by interruption of human interaction with the busiest monotonous life styles. The urban beautification projects like urban park concept was introduced to achieve the Sri Lankan sustainable vision by 2030 by developing those spaces as social spaces for the purpose of community gathering and interaction. With this emerging concept, there is no such consideration or the research regarding identification of social interaction types in park to increase the park planning potentials in Sri Lanka by achieving the social sustainability of the place via social interaction. Above mentioned objective of the research is overcome through the theoretical framework of “social network theory” by understanding the actor and user types in the urban park context in Sri Lanka especially for Colombo district which have dissimilarity of availability of design characteristics. The methodology of the research is consisted with onsite observations and questionnaire surveys under mixed method approach. There are different intensity of social interactions were happened in three selected parks, from these the social interactions highly occurred among adults-adults user category and the least social interaction can be seen among children-younger user category in three parks and the highest expected factor for interaction is accessibility rather than consideration other factors. Additionally, provide shady greenery areas with multi-diverse activities for all user and actor categories based on respondents’ comments will be needed to consider in increasing the future planning potentials to achieve social sustainability of the urban parks via social interaction in Sri Lanka.
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Brunzini, Agnese, Manila Caragiuli, Alessandra Papetti, and Michele Germani. "Clinical and social well-being for older adults: a personalised product-service assignment based on user’s needs." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002790.
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The numerousness of over-65 people in the EU-27 population will significantly increase by about 43% by 2050. The main issue is to help aging people stay healthy, active, and integrated into society. In this context, this work aims to develop a novel assistance model, for the elderly’ social and health care, based on a patient-oriented approach. The assistance model is provided through a software platform that integrates three different modules: i) frailty diagnosis and user-product/service matching, ii) users’ monitoring, data acquisition, and telemedicine, iii) organization and management of logistics. This paper focuses on the first module, showing the variables, the logics, and the necessary rules to realise the personalised product-service assignment, within the user-centred method.
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Walker, Susan K., and Rebecca Leaf Brown. "Critical Thinking on Technology Use: Higher Education Course Design to Promote Personal, Professional and Societal Change." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11300.
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Higher education is a venue for developing critical thinking skills, dispositions and actions (Davies, 2015). With the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the last thirty years, dynamic changes and societal impacts, and evolving research findings, intentional use for personal and professional well-being depends on emerging adults’ critical thinking abilities. This paper describes the design of an undergraduate course and elements of critical thinking deployed through content, learning activities and assessments. Thematic analysis of student qualitative responses at the end of the course indicate specific areas of growth that represent gains in cognitive skills, dispositions and action orientations. These validate the selected methods of instruction and underscore the course design, content and pedagogical framework as applicable to a wide range of content areas and field domains in higher education.
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Alsafran, Mohammed, Kamal Usman, Hareb Al Jabri, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Ecological and Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Metalloids Contaminants." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0015.
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Potentially toxic environmental contaminants, including metals and metalloids, are commonly found in emerging economies. At high concentrations, elements such as As, Cr, and Ni can be hazardous and may lead to various health problems in humans, including cancer. The current study measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in agricultural soils. Pollution levels and potential negative impacts on human and environmental health were determined using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard methodologies. According to the study’s findings, the studied element concentrations descended in the following order: Zn > Cr > V > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. Of these, As (27.6 mg/kg), Cr (85.7 mg/kg), Ni (61.9 mg/kg), and Zn (92.3 mg/kg) concentrations were higher than average world background levels. Each of these elements also had an enrichment factor (EF > 1), indicating their anthropogenic origin. The combined pollution load index (PLI > 1) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) range values of −0.2–2.5 further indicated that the soil was polluted up to 58%. However, the ecological risk factor (Er ≤ 40.6) and potential ecological risk index (PERI = 79.6) suggested low ecological risk. A human health risk evaluation showed that only As, with a hazard index (HI) of 1.3, posed a non-carcinogenic risk to infants. Additionally, As, Cr, and Ni, with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 1.18 × 10−4 and 2.06 × 10−4 for adults and children, respectively, proved carcinogenic to both age groups. The elements’ carcinogenic risk (CR) potential descended in the following order: Ni > As > Cr. Additionally, for both adults and children, oral ingestion is the most likely exposure pathway. Our findings support the need for closer monitoring of potentially toxic metals and metalloids levels in cultivated soils and farm produce in Qatar.
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Mensah, Daniel, Faustina Ofosua Mintah, Sylvia Adoma Oteng, Rob Lillywhite, and Oyinlola Oyebode. "P39 ‘We’re meat, so we need to eat meat to be who we are’: understanding motivations that increase or reduce meat consumption among emerging adults in the University of Ghana food environment." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-ssmabstracts.133.
Full textReports on the topic "Thai emerging adults"
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Motley, Robert, Rebekah Siddiqi, Awanti Acharya, Eric Williamson, Danielle Walker, and Kaycee Bills. A 21st Century Look at Threats to the Personal Safety of Emerging Adults in Massachusetts. Boston College School of Social Work, Racism-based Violence Injury & Prevention Lab, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ssw.rbvipl.rb001.kq8472.
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Trends in homicide rates for emerging adults in Massachusetts was examined using data from the Massachusetts Violent Death Reporting System, Injury Surveillance Program, and Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Data for police killings was drawn from Mapping Police Violence which currently represents one of the most comprehensive databases of police killing victims in the U.S. Data from Analyze Boston was used to examine rates of police contacts that involved non-fatal police contacts (frisk or searches) among emerging adults in Boston, Massachusetts. Data for suicide deaths and mechanism of suicide were drawn from the Massachusetts Violent Death Reporting System, Injury Surveillance Program, Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Counts of Emergency Department visits for nonfatal drug overdoses in Massachusetts were drawn from the Massachusetts Inpatient Hospital Discharge, Outpatient Observation Stay, and Outpatient Emergency Department Discharge Databases, via the Center for Health Information and Analysis.
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Lykins, Amy, Joey Tognela, Kylie Robinson, Rosie Ryan, and Phillip Tully. The mental health effects of eco-anxiety – a systematic review of quantitative research. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0025.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of the review is to synthesise findings from quantitative studies that investigate ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety in relation to self-reported mental health. Population of interest: The general adult population aged 18 years. Exposure (risk factor): The exposure is defined as the presence of any ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety that is quantified either before, concurrently, or after a mental health symptom (e.g. depression, and/or anxiety - see Outcomes). As ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety are relatively new concepts that lack a standard definition, we will include validated and emerging unvalidated self-report measures of these constructs, as well as closely related constructs; solastalgia, eco- and climate-grief, eco- and climate-guilt, eco- and climate-distress, eco- and climate-despair, eco- and climate-worry. Ineligible exposures are detrimental environmental events (e.g. flood, bushfire, drought) or climatic conditions (e.g. ambient temperatures) or distress related to psychosocial impacts of environmental events (e.g. loss of income or housing due to landslide). Comparator: The general adult population aged 18+ without ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety or related constructs as defined above in Exposure. Outcome: The primary outcomes are mental health symptoms quantified by validated self-report measures of depression, anxiety, stress.
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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.
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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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Matthew, Gray. Data from "Winter is Coming – Temperature Affects Immune Defenses and Susceptibility to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans". University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/t7sallfxxe.
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Environmental temperature is a key factor driving various biological processes, including immune defenses and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we evaluated the effects of environmental temperature on the pathogenicity of the emerging fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), using controlled laboratory experiments, and measured components of host immune defense to identify regulating mechanisms. We found that adult and juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens died faster due to Bsal chytridiomycosis at 14 ºC than at 6 and 22 ºC. Pathogen replication rates, total available proteins on the skin, and microbiome composition likely drove these relationships. Temperature-dependent skin microbiome composition in our laboratory experiments matched seasonal trends in wild N. viridescens, adding validity to these results. We also found that hydrophobic peptide production after two months post-exposure to Bsal was reduced in infected animals compared to controls, perhaps due to peptide release earlier in infection or impaired granular gland function in diseased animals. Using our temperature-dependent infection results, we performed a geographic analysis that suggested that N. viridescens populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are at greatest risk for Bsal invasion. Our results indicate that environmental temperature will play a key role in the epidemiology of Bsal and provide evidence that temperature manipulations may be a viable Bsal management strategy.
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Hauer, Klaus, Ilona Dutzi, Christian Werner, Jürgen M. Bauer, and Phoebe Ullrich. Implementation of intervention programs specifically tailored for patients with CI in early rehabilitation during acute hospitalization: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0067.
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Review question / Objective: What is the current status of implementation of interventional programs on early functional rehabilitation during acute, hospital-based medical care, specifically tailored for older patients with CI and what are the most appropriate programs or program components to support early rehab in this specific population? This study combines a systematic umbrella review with a scoping review. While an umbrella review synthesizes knowledge by summarizing existing review papers, a scoping review aims to provide an overview of an emerging area, extracting concepts and identify the gaps in knowledge. The study focuses on older hospitalized adults (>65 yrs.) receiving ward based early rehabilitation. The focus within this review is on study participants with cognitive impairment or dementia. The study targets at controlled trials independent of their randomization procedure reporting on an early functional rehabilitation during hospitalization. Trials that were conducted in different or mixed settings (e.g. inpatient and aftercare intervention) without a clear focus on hospital based rehabilitation were excluded. The study aim is to identify the presence of CI specific features for early rehabilitation including: CI/dementia assessment, sub-analysis of results according to cognitive status, sample description defined by cognitive impairment, program modules specific for geriatric patients CI.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.
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This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.
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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.