Journal articles on the topic 'Th ratio'
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Mujiantoro, Mujiantoro, Ibrahim Ibrahim, and Mursidah Mursidah. "Analisis pendapatan peternakan sapi potong di desa sukaraja kecamatan sepaku kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara." Jurnal Peternakan Lingkungan Tropis 5, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jpltrop.v5i1.5906.
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Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan peternak dalam pemeliharaan sapi potong. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan peternak menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner. Biaya produksi, penerimaan, dan rasio R/C peternakan sapi potong pemilikan ternak masing-masing: 1) pemilikan 5 ekor sebesar Rp.60.008.500,17, penerimaan mencapai Rp.69.700.000,00, serta rasio R/C 1,162/peternak/th; 2) pemilikan 4 ekor biaya produksi sebesar Rp.49.679.761,83, penerimaan Rp.57.200.000,00 dengan ratio R/C 1,152/peternak/th; 3) pemilikan 3 ekor biaya produksi Rp.37.370.623,91, penerimaan Rp.44.369.565,22, ratio R/C 1,188/peternak/th; 4) pemilikan 2 ekor biaya produksi Rp.28.905.999,92, penerimaan Rp.32.666.666,70, serta rasio R/C 1,132/peternak/th.Kata kunci: Pendapatan; sapi potong; peternakan rakyat
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Cohen, A. S. "Variations in the Th/U Ratio and Th Isotope Composition of Mauna Loa Tholeiites." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.99.
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Regelous, Anette, Lars Scharfenberg, and Helga De Wall. "Origin of S-, A- and I-Type Granites: Petrogenetic Evidence from Whole Rock Th/U Ratio Variations." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070672.
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The origin and evolution of granites remain a matter of debate and several approaches have been made to distinguish between different granite types. Overall, granite classification schemes based on element concentrations and ratios, tectonic settings or the source rocks (I-, A-, S-type) are widely used, but so far, no systematic large-scale study on Th/U ratio variations in granites based on their source or tectonic setting has been carried out, even though these elements show very similar behavior during melting and subsequent processes. We therefore present a compiled study, demonstrating an easy approach to differentiate between S-, A- and I-type granites using Th and U concentrations and ratios measured with a portable gamma ray spectrometer. Th and U concentrations from 472 measurements in S- and I-type granites from the Variscan West-Bohemian Massif, Germany, and 78 measurements from Neoproterozoic A-type Malani granites, India, are evaluated. Our compendium shows significant differences in the average Th/U ratios of A-, I- and S-type granites and thus gives information about the source rock and can be used as an easy classification scheme. Considering all data from the studied A-, I- and S-type granites, Th/U ratios increase with rising Th concentrations. A-type granites have the highest Th/U ratios and high Th concentrations, followed by I-type granites. Th/U ratios in S- to I-type granites are lower than in A-type and I-type granites, but higher than in S-type granites. The variation of Th/U ratios in all three types of granite cannot be explained by fractional crystallization of monazite, zircon and other Th and U bearing minerals alone, but are mainly due to source heterogeneities and uranium mobilization processes.
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Malaney, Robert A., and William A. Fowler. "Th/Nd cosmochronology and a constant r/s ratio." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 237, no. 1 (March 1989): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/237.1.67.
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Sathiyamoorthy, M., Tanmay Basak, S. Roy, and N. C. Mahanti. "Effect of the Temperature Difference Aspect Ratio on Natural Convection in a Square Cavity for Nonuniform Thermal Boundary Conditions." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 12 (March 12, 2007): 1723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2768099.
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The present numerical investigation deals with steady natural convection flow in a closed square cavity when the bottom wall is sinusoidal heated and vertical walls are linearly heated, whereas the top wall is well insulated. In the nonuniformly heated bottom wall maximum temperature TH attains at the center of the bottom wall. The sidewalls are linearly heated, maintained at minimum temperature Tc at top edges of the sidewalls and at temperature Th at the bottom edges of the sidewalls, i.e., Tc≤Th≤TH. Nonlinear coupled PDEs governing the flow have been solved by the penalty finite element method with biquadratic rectangular elements. Numerical results are obtained for various values of Prandtl number (Pr)(0.01≤Pr≤10) and temperature difference aspect ratio A=[(Th−Tc)∕(TH−Tc)](0≤A≤1) for higher Raleigh number Ra=105. Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherm contours, local Nusselt number, and the average Nusselt number as a function of temperature difference aspect ratio A. The overall heat transfer process is shown to be tuned efficiently with suitable selection of A.
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Yamashita, N., N. Hasebe, R. C. Reedy, S. Kobayashi, Y. Karouji, M. Hareyama, E. Shibamura, et al. "Uranium on the Moon: Global distribution and U/Th ratio." Geophysical Research Letters 37, no. 10 (May 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl043061.
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CLAYTON, DONALD D. "Th/Nd abundance ratio in the surfaces of G-dwarfs." Nature 329, no. 6138 (October 1987): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329397c0.
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BUTCHER, HARVEY. "Th/Nd abundance ratio in the surfaces of G-dwarfs." Nature 329, no. 6138 (October 1987): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329398a0.
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Zanonato, P. L., P. Di Bernardo, Z. Zhang, Y. Gong, G. Tian, J. K. Gibson, and L. Rao. "Hydrolysis of thorium(iv) at variable temperatures." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 32 (2016): 12763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01868h.
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Three thorium hydroxide clusters ([Thm(OH)n](4m−n)+, where (n,m) = (2,2); (8,4) and (15,6)) were evoked to describe the hydrolysis behavior of Th(iv) in acidic solutions with the ratio of [OH]/[Th] < 2 at variable temperatures (283–353 K).
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Sophia. "ANALISIS BIAYA, PENDAPATAN DAN KELAYAKAN USAHA PADA PENGOLAHAN GULA AREN CETAK." Journal of Social and Economics Research 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jser.v2i2.15.
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Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk: 1) Mmengetahui besarnya biaya produksi pengolahan gula aren cetak skala industri rumah tangga 2) Menganalisis pendapatan usaha pengolahan gula aren cetak skala industri rumah tangga, 3) Mmenganalisis keuntungan atau kelayakan usaha gula aren cetak skala industri rumah tangga (R/C Ratio). Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Malapari, Kecamatan Muara Bulian, Kabupaten Batang Hari pada tanggal 1 sampai 10 Maret 2020. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja, dengan pertimbangan bahwa di daerah tersebut terdapat pengrajin gula aren dengan karakteristik tertentu dalam pengolahan air nira menjadi gula aren cetak skala industri rumah tangga, yaitu pengolahan secara konvensional dengan alat-alat tradisional.. Analisis yang digunakan mengetahui apakah usahatani menguntungkan, maka diperlukan analisis R/C. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata biaya total pengolahan gula aren cetak Rp.15.488.927/Ha/Th, atau Rp.48.300/Hari. Rata-rata biaya total terendah Rp.3.867.656/Ha/Th dan rata-rata biaya total tertinggi Rp.32.277.151/Ha/Th. Rata-rata pendapatan usaha pengolahan gula aren cetak adalah Rp.99.840/Ha/Hari atau Rp2.689.176/Ha/Bln atau Rp.32.270.113/Ha/Th. Rata-rata nilai R/C Ratio 3,09 dengan R/C Rasio tertinggi 7,40 dan R/C Rasio terendah 1,18. Nilai R/C Rasio yang diperoleh lebih besar dari 1 artinya setiap pengeluaran 1 rupiah dapat memberikan penerimaan usaha sebesar 3,09, dengan demikian usaha pengolahan gula aren cetak di Desa Malapari, Kecamatan Muara Bulian, Kabupaten Batang Hari dapat menguntungkan bagi pengrajin dan layak untuk diusahakan.
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Chrismaningwang, Galuh, Hary Christady Hardiyatmo, Agus Darmawan Adi, and Teuku Faisal Fathani. "Effect of Well Resistance on Time Factor Ratio Due to PVD Deformation." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.64381.
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One of the most common soft soil enhancement techniques used to expedite the consolidation time significantly is Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD). This technique needs a sufficient discharge capacity value because it primarily functions as a drainage channel. The deformation of PVD is considered as one of the primary factors which affect discharge capacity. Therefore, this research determined the influence of upper-side deformation on PVD's discharge capacity (qw) using a specific design apparatus known as ASTM D4716, which manages the determination of transmissivity and flow rate at the longitudinal direction of geosynthetics. Furthermore, two PVD samples with dimensions of 3 and 4 mm thickness, 100 mm width, and 1000 mm length were examined under straight and buckled conditions. Stepwise confining pressures from 50 to 200 kPa were subjected to the samples under hydraulic gradients with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. The results showed that samples with greater thickness had higher discharge capacity, which significantly reduced in the lower hydraulic gradient. The deformation on the upper side of PVD induced a decrease of discharge capacity by approximately 13-16%, which led to a delay in the consolidation time. The discharge capacity values obtained from the experiments were employed as parameters in a time factor ratio of Th,w/Th. The analysis results show that the buckled PVD has a more considerable consolidation time due to the increase in the Th,w/Th ratio, with a discharge capacity value below 10-4 m3/s. It can be concluded that the deformation in the form of buckled conditions on the upper side of PVD had a considerable impact on PVD effectiveness.
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Živkov Baloš, Milica, Sandra Jakšić, Nenad Popov, Suzana Vidaković Knežević, Dragana Ljubojević Pelić, Miloš Pelić, Vladimir Polaček, and Dubravka Milanov. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SERBIAN HONEYDEW HONEY." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i2.62.
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Th e aim of this study was to investigate the composition and quality of Serbian honeydew honey. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of 14 honeydew samples were analyzed. Th e physicochemical characteristics of all honeydew honeys from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters prescribed for honeydew in general. Th e sum value of glucose and fructose, the content of sucrose, water, hydroxymethylfurfural, acidity, and diastase activity were in line with European and national regulations for honey, for all investigated honeydew samples. Out of a total of 14 tested honey samples, 1 sample did not comply with the national regulations for honey regarding electrical conductivity. According to our results, in most of investigated samples the fructose/glucose (F/G) ratio was greater than 1.11 and glucose/water (G/W) ratio was close to 2. Th is means that they can be categorized as medium-crystallizing honeys. Th e results obtained in this study indicate excellent quality, absence of undesirable fermentation, acceptable freshness and proper manipulation of Serbian honeydews.
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Hoque, A. K. M. M., Henry J. Shine, and T. Krishnan Venkatachalam. "Reaction of Thianthrene Cation Radical with Diarylmercurials. Search for Single Electron Transfer Is Elusive." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 1 (1993): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930082.
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Diarylmercurials (Ar2Hg) with Ar = p-tolyl Ib, o-tolyl Ic, p-anisyl Id and 2-allyloxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl Ie, reacted with thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (Th.+ClO4-) in two stoichiometric ratios: 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 (Th.+ClO4-/Ar2Hg). In the 2 : 1 ratio the products were the 5-arylthianthreniumyl perchlorates IIb - IIe, thianthrene (Th) and ArHg+ClO4- (assayed as ArHgCl, III) in quantitative yields. In the 4 : 1 ratio reaction with ArHg+ occurred, too, and the products were IIb - IIe, Th, the complex Th3Hg(ClO4)2 and HgO (after workup). In contrast, Ph2Hg (Ia) did not react beyond the 2 : 1 stoichiometry. In the reactions with Ie, no evidence for formation and cyclization of free 2-allyloxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl radical was found. Reaction of and product formation from these arylmercurials, therefore, does not occur in single electron transfer steps that lead to free aryl radicals. Instead electron transfer appears to occur within a complex of Ar2Hg with Th.+ from which II and other products are subsequently formed.
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Wang, Weiwei, Haibo Li, Guang Fan, and Lisong Shen. "Decreased CD4+-Th/CD8+-Tc ratio in Bone marrow at diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia Predicts Increased Risk of Graft-Versus-Host-Disease in Transplant Patients." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 69.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.69.17.
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Abstract Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. Transplant is one of the most important treatments for AML. However, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) remains one of major problems in transplant patients. Since immune repertoire plays an important role in the GVHD occurrence, we investigate the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and the risk of GVHD. Methods 60 initial diagnostic flow data of AML transplant patients were reviewed (Oregon Health and Science University 2010 to 2016, 30 females and 30 males, with a median age of 51.417 years, range 13–72). 36 patients with GVHD including acute and chronic GVHD while 24 patients without GVHD. The lymphocyte subsets were analyzed including CD3+T-cells, CD3+CD4+Th, CD3+CD8+Tc, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD19+CD20+B, CD19+CD5+B1, CD3+CD56+NKT, CD3−CD56+NK, and three NK subsets (CD56brightNK, CD56normalNK, CD56dimNK). Results As to the overall survival (OS), there’s no statistic difference between age<60 years old or age ≥60 years. Compared with non-GVHD group, decreased percentage (%) of Th, increased % of Tc & low Th/Tc ratio were observed in GVHD group (P=0.0281, P=0.0394, P=0.0340 accordingly). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates that low Th/Tc ratio predicts increased risk of GVHD (P=0.0231, AUC=0.663, 95% Confidence Interval is 0.530 to 0.780). There’re no statistic differences between GVHD and non-GVHD for all other lymphocyte subsets percentage (P>0.05). Conclusions AML patients with GVHD post transplant have a lower Th cell percentage and higher Tc cell percentage at diagnosis. This is to say, decreased Th/Tc ratio in BM of initial diagnosed AML patients may predict a high risk of GVHD post transplant.
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Duran, Antonio J. "Markov's Theorem for Orthogonal Matrix Polynomials." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 48, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1996-062-4.
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AbstractMarkov's Theorem shows asymptotic behavior of the ratio between the n-th orthonormal polynomial with respect to a positive measure and the n-th polynomial of the second kind. In this paper we extend Markov's Theorem for orthogonal matrix polynomials.
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Cabral, A. R., M. Tupinambá, and B. Lehmann. "Spessartine in compact-hematite rock, southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and genesis of compact hematite." Mineralogical Magazine 77, no. 8 (December 2013): 3197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.12.
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AbstractFine-grained garnet (grains <50 μm across) is an accessory component of compact hematite, a rock consisting essentially of hematite; compact hematite is a variety of high-grade Fe ore. The garnet is characterized compositionally as spessartine (81–86 mol.%) with subordinate, but significant, amounts of calderite (5–11 mol.%) and “blythite” (up to ∼5 mol.%), as well as andradite (4–7 mol.%); pyrope and almandine endmembers are ≤∼2 and 1 mol.%, respectively. The recognition of spessartine in compact hematite indicates that oxidation state, rather than whole-rock chemical composition, controlled the garnet composition. The spessartine has a positive Eu anomaly, and a low Th/U ratio (0.13–0.65) compared to the average upper continental crust, Th/U = 3.9, as well as a positive linear correlation of Uvs.Li. The spessartine-hosting compact-hematite rock is a high-grade hematite ore that similarly shows a low Th/U ratio, but a convex, tetrad-like segment between Gd and Dy. Decoupling of Eu from other rare-earth elements and of U from Th in the spessartine, together with the anomalous geochemical behaviour of Gd, Tb and Dy in the compact hematite, and its low Th/U ratio, could have been achieved under oxidizing conditions at greenschist-facies metamorphic temperatures. The U and Li present in the spessartine could have been sourced from metamorphic fluids of continental, possibly evaporitic, origin. These interpretations are underpinned by the regional hematitization and tourmalinization observed in the southern Serra do Espinhaço.
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Thomas, Tracy A., James A. Kuzman, Brent E. Anderson, Susan M. K. Andersen, Evelyn H. Schlenker, Maurice S. Holder, and A. Martin Gerdes. "Thyroid hormones induce unique and potentially beneficial changes in cardiac myocyte shape in hypertensive rats near heart failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 5 (May 2005): H2118—H2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01000.2004.
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We examined the effects of thyroid hormones (THs) on left ventricular (LV) function and myocyte remodeling in rats with spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF). SHHF rats were treated with three different TH doses from 20–21 mo of age. In terminal experiments, LV function (as determined by echocardiography and catheterization) and isolated myocyte shape were examined in SHHF rat groups and age-matched Wistar-Furth control animals. Compared with Wistar-Furth rats, the ratio of α- to β-myosin was reduced in untreated SHHF rats. The α-to-β-myosin ratio increased in all TH groups, which suggests a reversal of the fetal gene program. Low-dose TH produced no changes in LV myocyte size or function, but high-dose TH produced signs of hyperthyroidism (e.g., increased heart weight, tachycardia). The chamber diameter-to-wall thickness ratio declined with increasing dose due to reduced chamber diameter and increased wall thickness. This resulted in a 38% reduction in LV systolic wall stress in the middle- and high-dose groups despite sustained hypertension. Isolated myocyte data indicated that chamber remodeling and reduced wall stress were due to a unique alteration in myocyte transverse shape (e.g., reduced major diameter and increased minor diameter). Based on our present understanding of ventricular remodeling and wall stress, we believe these changes are likely beneficial. Results suggest that TH may be an important regulator of myocyte transverse shape in heart disease.
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IMANG, NDAN, FIRDA JUITA, and ALFRED HONESTMAN. "ANALISIS USAHATANI DAN PEMASARAN BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus costaricensis) DI DESA SANGGULAN KECAMATAN SEBULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA (Analysis of Farming and Marketing of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) in Sanggulan Village Sebulu Subregency Kutai Kartanegara Regency)." JURNAL AGRIBISNIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN (Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication) 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jakp.2.2.2019.2646.79-86.
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Dragon fruit is one of the commodities with the increasing prospective in the market. The increased of demand and consumption of dragon fruit needs ways to increase productivity in some centres of production. The purposes of this study were to analyze production, cost, revenue, income, R/C ratio, marketing channel, margin, and profit of marketing of dragon fruit. The study was conducted from September to December 2018 in Sanggulan Village, Sebulu Subregency, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The sampling method used census and snowball. Data collected were the primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done to calculate cost, revenue, income, R/C ratio, and marketing margin. The average of production, cost, revenue, and income of dragon fruit was as many as 12,038.00 kg ha-1 th-1, Rp63,266,389.00 ha-1 th-1, Rp120,583,333.00 ha-1 th-1, and Rp57,316,944.00 ha-1 th-1, respectively. R/C ratio is 1.91 that meant dragon fruit farming is feasible to farm. Marketing channel is two levels from farmer to trader to retailer to consumer. Marketing margin owned by trader and retailer was Rp2,000.00 kg-1 and Rp3,000.00 kg-1, respectively. Marketing profit which received by trader and retailer was as much as Rp1,979.00 kg-1 and Rp2,985.00 kg-1, respectively.
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Perrone, S., C. V. Bellieni, S. Negro, M. Longini, A. Santacroce, M. L. Tataranno, F. Bazzini, et al. "Oxidative Stress as a Physiological Pain Response in Full-Term Newborns." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3759287.
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This research paper aims to investigate if oxidative stress biomarkers increase after a painful procedure in term newborns and if nonpharmacological approaches, or sex, influence pain degree, and the subsequent OS. 83 healthy term newborns were enrolled to receive 10% oral glucose or sensorial saturation (SS) for analgesia during heel prick (HP). The ABC scale was used to score the pain. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total hydroperoxides (TH) as biomarkers of OS were measured at the beginning (early-sample) and at the end (late-sample) of HP. The early-sample/late-sample ratio for AOPP and TH was used to evaluate the increase in OS biomarkers after HP. Higher levels of both AOPP and TH ratio were observed in high degree pain (4–6) compared with low degree pain score (0–3) (AOPP:p=0.049; TH:p=0.001). Newborns receiving SS showed a significantly lower pain score (p=0.000) and AOPP ratio levels (p=0.021) than those without. Males showed higher TH levels at the end of HP (p=0.005) compared to females. The current study demonstrates that a relationship between pain degree and OS exists in healthy full-term newborns. The amount of OS is gender related, being higher in males. SS reduces pain score together with pain-related OS in the newborns.
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Amiewalan, F. O., and F. A. Lucas. "Geochemical characterization of FE-1 well, Onshore Western Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i2.26.
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Major oxides and trace elements analysis was carried out on ditch cutting samples of FE-1 well, Onshore, Niger Delta Basin, to define their oxygen condition, paleo-climatic conditions, provenance, tectonic setting, sandstone classification and maturity of the sediments. Sedimentological analysis revealed five main lithofacies comprising of sandstone, shaly sand, mudstone, sandy clay and sandy shale. Geochemical results indicates that the average value of silica (87.1 wt. %) is far higher than the average values of the rest oxides which shows the duration and intensity of weathering and destruction of other minerals during transportation. Bivariate plot of La/Sc versus Th/Co, Zr versus TiO2, and trace elemental ratios of Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Cr/Th, La/Sc establishes that the source of the sediment are from felsic rock. Different chemical classification schemes characterized the sediments as quartzarenite, lithic arenites and Fe-rich sand. The plot of Log (K2O/Na2O) versus Log (SiO2/Al2O3) and K2O/Na2O versus SiO2 all plotted mainly in the passive margin zone. The low average value of uranium content, trace elemental ratios of U/Th, Ni/Co, Cu/Zn, V/Cr and binary plot of Ni/Co versus V/Cr indicated an oxic environment of deposition. However, the binary plot of Ni/Co versus V/ (V+Ni) indicates oxic to anoxic condition during deposition of the mixed marine and terrigenous source input sediment. Binary plot of SiO2 versus (Al2O3+Na2O+K2O) designates deposition mainly in humid/semi-humid climatic condition. The samples studied have a much higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio with low Fe2O3/K2O ratio, thus, they are mineralogically mature. The Al2O3/(CaO+MgO+Na2O+K2O) ratio inferred that there are stable mobile oxides in the samples.
Keywords: Major oxides, lithic arenites, provenance, tectonic setting.
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Zindler, A. "A Comparison of Modern Mass Spectrometric Methods for Th Isotope Ratio Measurement." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 3 (1998): 1703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.3.226.
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Gazi, I., V. Tzovaras, E. Liberopoulos, S. Tsouli, A. Spyrou, A. Tselepis, and M. Elisaf. "Th-P15:32 The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio in metabolic syndrome." Atherosclerosis Supplements 7, no. 3 (January 2006): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81992-6.
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Guo, Laodong, Min Chen, and Celine Gueguen. "Control of Pa/Th ratio by particulate chemical composition in the ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 20 (October 2002): 22–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015666.
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Schneider, Christian P., Martin G. Schwacha, and Irshad H. Chaudry. "Influence of gender and age on T-cell responses in a murine model of trauma-hemorrhage: differences between circulating and tissue-fixed cells." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 3 (March 2006): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2005.
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Clinical studies indicate that peripheral blood lymphocyte functions are depressed following trauma; however, it is unclear whether tissue-fixed lymphocyte functions are also altered under those conditions. Moreover, the impact of gender and age on peripheral T-cell responses following trauma-hemorrhage (TH) are unknown. To study this, immature (∼3 wk of age), mature (∼7 wk of age), and aged (∼23 mo of age) male and proestrus female C3H/HeN mice were sham operated or subjected to trauma (i.e., midline laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (30 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min). Twenty-four hours after resuscitation, blood and splenocytes were harvested and T-cell functions assessed. In immature animals, TH induced an enhanced immune response in the splenic compartment and a suppressed response in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that was independent of gender. Differential responses were observed in cells from mature mice. Splenic responses were enhanced following TH, independent of gender, whereas PBMC displayed gender dimorphism with suppressed proliferation and T-cell helper 1 responses in males but not in females. A similar pattern was observed in cells from aged mice. Splenic T cells from male mice displayed a suppressed CD4-to-CD8 ratio after TH, whereas no such change was observed in cells from proestrus females. In contrast, only PBMC from mature males displayed a suppressed CD4-to-CD8 ratio after TH. Thus gender differences exist in PBMC responses after TH that do not necessarily correlate with changes in the tissue-fixed compartment. Age is also an important factor in the immune responses after TH. In view of this, both gender and age should be taken into consideration in evaluating the immune status and in treatment of TH shock.
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Ameli, Franco, Fabio Brocchetti, Maria Angela Tosca, Irene Schiavetti, and Giorgio Ciprandi. "Tonsil Volume and Allergic Rhinitis in Children." Allergy & Rhinology 5, no. 3 (January 2014): ar.2014.5.0095. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2014.5.0095.
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Tonsil hypertrophy (TH) is very common in children. Previously, it has been reported that an inverse relationship exists between adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between tonsil volume and AR diagnosis in a group of children complaining of upper airways obstruction. Globally, 171 children (91 boys; mean age, 6.6 years) were studied. Clinical visit, nasal endoscopy, and skin-prick test were performed in all patients. TH and anterior nasal obstruction were graded using the Friedman's classifications. Adenoid volume was graded using the Parikh's classification. Fifty-eight children (33.9%) had relevant TH (grades 3–4); 77 children (44.94%) had AR. There was a strong correlation (gamma = 0.564; p < 0.001) between TH and AH. Tonsil volume was inversely associated with AR diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.314). Risk factors for TH were intense mucosal inflammation (pale mucous membranes) and AH (OR, 3.54 and 2.856, respectively). This study shows that large tonsils are negatively associated with allergy, whereas intense inflammation is a risk factor for TH; AH may be frequently associated with TH.
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Аврашков, Лев, Lyev Avrashkov, Галина Графова, Galina Grafova, Сергей Гуськов, and Sergei Guskov. "Management of Working Capital of the Enterprise: the Role and Importance of Responsibility Centers." Auditor 4, no. 12 (December 27, 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c18efe5e4a684.55144923.
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Th e article deals with the issues of real estate management in the mechanism for managing working capital of an enterprise. Th e method of distribution of sources of funding for items of working capital is presented. Implementation of calculations of the consolidated budget ratio are made, which serves the budgeting of expenses by responsibility centers.
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DAS, H. P., and A. S. BALLAL. "THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATIVE DEMAND AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE CROP (ZEA MAYS L.) IN THE SEMI-ARID TRACT OF INDIA." MAUSAM 45, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v45i4.2645.
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Mai ze is an Impo rta nt component o f th e d ry lau d fanning system o f India. In th e present study.d ata fur five years' period for three 51ation s. viz.. New Delhi. Rajendran agar an d Bellary in th e dry farm ing tr act ofInd ia have been iuili zed to und erstand evapotra nspira tive deman d of the crop in relat ion to pan-evaporat ion , andsolar rad iation. Biomet ric cha racte ristic. e.g.. heil:ht ofthe pla nt has also been analysed \'U-U-I';S meteorological facton.' V,lIer use efficie ncy of maul," has also been workedout nnd discu ssed .
Th e analysis indica ted th ai th e maize plant uses maximum water during the flowering stage. Th e ETJEP rati ogradu ally in creases fmm germination aua ining a maximum value 8 to 10we eks after sowing.Th is ratio is found 10 besignilican tl)' correlated with the plan t height . The ETIR, curve was found 10 follow a sigm oid patt ern reac hingmaximum during flowering stage. Th e water use efficiency of maize crop vari es ove r wide margins in limeand space.
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Matthes, H., W. E. Friedel, and P. R. Bock. "Long-term supportive treatment with fermented mistletoe (viscum album L.) extract in primary nonmetastatic colorectal cancer: Best time to start with for optimal effectiveness." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e15099-e15099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15099.
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e15099 Background: Safety and efficacy of fermented mistletoe extract (Iscador, ISC) in supportive care of post-surgical patients with primary colorectal cancer as compared to a parallel control group without ISC. Question: Is supportive ISC most effective when started before, during, or after radio- and/or chemotherapy? Methods: In a comparative, multicenter, non-interventional cohort study with parallel groups ISC was applied additionally to conventional adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy (conv-th). The control group was treated with conv-th only. Unselected, standardized, anonymized data from medical records (1993–2002) meeting the eligibility criteria were followed until last visit or death. The pre-specified endpoints were the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by conv-th, and disease-free survival (DFS) in relation to start of ISC therapy before, during or after conv-th. All endpoints were adjusted to confounders. Results: 804 eligible patients (429 ISC and 375 control) from 26 centers were evaluated. ISC started mostly during conv-th (72.9%), and sometimes before (9.0%) or after (18.1%) conv-th. ISC dose was escalated from 0.01mg to 20mg as s.c. injection, 2–3 times weekly. The median follow-up time was 58 (ISC) vs. 51 months and median ISC duration was 52 months. The adjusted relative ADR risk was significantly lower in the ISC groups as compared to control: odds ratio, OR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.28–0.77), p=0.003. The best results were found in patients where ISC started in parallel to conv-th. Analysis of DFS in the ISC subgroups is presently ongoing. ISC was well tolerated in all subgroups. Conclusions: The results show reliable safety and clinically relevant beneficial effects of ISC treatment, at best if applied in parallel to conv-th. [Table: see text]
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Koiso, Takao, Masaaki Yamamoto, Shinya Watanabe, and Bierta E. Barfod. "Signal intensity increases in dentate nucleus/globus pallidus/pulvinar on unenhanced T1WI MR images after multiple examinations with gadodiamide." Neuroradiology Journal 32, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400919839646.
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Background and purpose Elevated signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN), globus pallidus (GP) and pulvinar (PUL) was reportedly observed on unenhanced T1-weighted (T1WI) magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients receiving multiple enhanced MR examinations. We aimed to clarify whether this phenomenon influences the long-term neurological status of patients. Materials and methods We studied 196 radiosurgically treated patients undergoing ≥10 MR examinations using a single dose of gadodiamide and the same 1.5 Tesla MR unit. SI ratios were calculated by referencing the brainstem (BS) for the DN and the thalamus (TH) for the GP and PUL. We compared the SI ratios at the first, fifth, and 10th, and at the most recent examinations. The neurological symptoms of all 196 patients were assessed at each MR examination by one of the authors (MY). Results The DN/BS and GP/TH SI ratios were significantly increased at the fifth examination ( p < .0001, p = 0.0094) and, thereafter, gradually increased. Although the PUL/TH SI ratio was not significantly increased at the fifth examination ( p = 0.2515), a significant increase was noted at the 10th examination ( p < .0001). There were no significant predictive factors for DN/BS SI increases. Younger age, no brain metastasis, and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate were related to GP/TH SI ratio increases ( p = 0.0308, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0306). Higher age and total bilirubin level were related to an increased PUL/TH SI ratio ( p = 0.0276, p = 0.0097). No patients experienced gadodiamide-related health problems. Conclusions Although the SI ratios rose as numbers of gadodiamide administrations increased, no adverse health effects have developed to date.
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Mingasson, Christian. "Observations sur l’influence hydrologique de la neige dans l’Est du Canada." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 2, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020063ar.
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This article deals with a group of 27 rivers all situated East of the 85 th meridian and South of Hudson Bay. In the first place, the author bas calculated the ratios of snow run-off during the springtime discharge. In the Maritime Provinces, the ratio obtained is only 20% of the total discharge (with a minimum of 17%) because of the rainy marine characteristics of the climate. In the Laurentian region, the ratio is close to 30% (maximum 35%) because of abundant snow precipitations and quite low summer discharge. One must note the retentional influence of lakes which display the flooding period jar beyond springtime and lower the spring ratio down to 23%. For instance, in Northern Ontario, due to losses in the marshy zones, the author bas found a ratio of only 19%. A second problem raised in this paper is the dating of the beginning of floods caused by the melting of snow. In the Southern parts of the Maritime provinces and of Ontario, the waters are high on April 5 th. In the Southern and Central parts of Québec, the flooding period begins between the 6 th and the 20 th of April. In the regions situated North of the St. Lawrence and South of James Bay, the flooding period usually begins after the 25 th of April. So the flooding period caused by the melting of snow happens later in the Northern regions. Finally, the author considers the monthly ratios of discharge during the month that knows the highest waters. Those ratios are between 2 and 3 (maximum 4.64) but they can lower down to 1.50 due to retention operated by the lakes. The month of maximum flooding extends from March, in the Southern parts of the zone covered by this study, to June, in the Northern parts. As a general rule, the figures found in this article are lower than those recorded for the rivers of the U.S.S.R.
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Stashenko, P., and S. M. Yu. "T Helper and T Suppressor Cell Reversal During the Development of Induced Rat Periapical Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 5 (May 1989): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680051601.
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T helper (TH) and T suppressor (TS) cells were enumerated in developing rat periapical lesions in order to identify the cell type associated with the active phase of lesion formation. Experimental pulp exposures were made in all molar teeth of 29 Sprague-Dawley rats, and teeth were left open to the oral environment. On days 15, 20, 30, and 90 after induction, inflammatory cells were isolated from periapical lesions, and T helper (W3/25+), T suppressor (OX8+), and total T cells (W3/13 +) were enumerated by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. During the early, most active phase of lesion development (day 15), TH cells outnumbered TS cells (TH/TS = 1.7). However, by day 20, when lesion expansion had slowed, the TH/TS ratio was reversed (0.9) and remained so for up to 90 days after induction (TH/ TS = 0.7). Total T cell numbers did not change over the period of observation. TH cells thus predominated during the active phase of lesion development, whereas TS cells were associated with the chronic phase. This dynamic TH/TS reversal indicates that immune responses which occur within periapical lesions are highly regulated. In addition, the predominance of TH during the active phase of lesion development suggests that TH-mediated activities may be involved in the bone destruction and immune cell activation within periapical lesions.
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Kulshrestha, Shail. "Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.17.
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In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.
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Zutinic, Ana, Hanno Pijl, Bart E. Ballieux, Ferdinand Roelfsema, Rudi G. J. Westendorp, Gerard J. Blauw, and Diana van Heemst. "Familial Longevity is Associated with an Attenuated Thyroidal Response to Recombinant Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 7 (April 18, 2020): e2572-e2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa195.
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Abstract Context Longevity is associated with higher circulating levels of TSH in the absence of differences in circulating thyroid hormones (TH), as previously observed in F2 members of long-lived families (F2-LLS) and their partners (F2-Con). The mechanism underlying this observed difference remains unknown. Objective We hypothesized that the thyroid gland of members from long-lived families are less responsive to TSH stimulation, thereby requiring higher circulating TSH levels to maintain adequate TH levels. Methods We performed a case-control intervention study with a single intramuscular (gluteal) injection with 0.1 mg recombinant human TSH in a subgroup of 14 F2-LLS and 15 similarly aged F2-Con. They were followed for 4 days. No serious adverse events were reported. For analyses, we compared time trajectories of TSH and TH, and the ratio of TH to TSH using area under the curve (AUC) calculations. Results The AUC free T4/AUC TSH ratio was significantly lower in F2-LLS than in F2-Con (estimated mean [95% confidence interval] 1.6 [1.2-1.9] and 2.2 [1.9-2.6], respectively, P = 0.01). The AUC thyroglobulin/AUC TSH ratio was also lower in F2-LLS than in F2-Con (median [interquartile range] 2.1 [1.4-3.6] and 3.2 [2.7-7.4], respectively, P = 0.04). We observed the same trend with the AUC free T3/AUC TSH ratio, although the difference was not statistically significant (estimated mean [95% confidence interval] 0.6 [0.4-0.7] and 0.7 [0.6-0.8], respectively, P = 0.07). Conclusions The present findings show that members of long-living families have a lower thyroid responsivity to TSH compared with their partners.
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Vermeesch, Pieter. "Unifying the U–Pb and Th–Pb methods: joint isochron regression and common Pb correction." Geochronology 2, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-119-2020.
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Abstract. The actinide elements U and Th undergo radioactive decay to three isotopes of Pb, forming the basis of three coupled geochronometers. The 206Pb ∕238U and 207Pb ∕235U decay systems are routinely combined to improve accuracy. Joint consideration with the 208Pb ∕232Th decay system is less common. This paper aims to change this. Co-measured 208Pb ∕232Th is particularly useful for discordant samples containing variable amounts of non-radiogenic (“common”) Pb. The paper presents a maximum likelihood algorithm for joint isochron regression of the 206Pb ∕238Pb, 207Pb ∕235Pb and 208Pb ∕232Th chronometers. Given a set of cogenetic samples, this total-Pb/U-Th algorithm estimates the common Pb composition and concordia intercept age. U–Th–Pb data can be visualised on a conventional Wetherill or Tera–Wasserburg concordia diagram, or on a 208Pb ∕232Th vs. 206Pb ∕238U plot. Alternatively, the results of the new discordia regression algorithm can also be visualised as a 208Pbc ∕206Pb vs. 238U ∕206Pb or 208Pbc ∕207Pb vs. 235U ∕206Pb isochron, where 208Pbc represents the common 208Pb component. In its most general form, the total-Pb/U-Th algorithm accounts for the uncertainties of all isotopic ratios involved, including the 232Th ∕238U ratio, as well as the systematic uncertainties associated with the decay constants and the 238U ∕235U ratio. However, numerical stability is greatly improved when the dependency on the 232Th ∕238U-ratio uncertainty is dropped. For detrital minerals, it is generally not safe to assume a shared common Pb composition and concordia intercept age. In this case, the total-Pb/U-Th regression method must be modified by tying it to a terrestrial Pb evolution model. Thus, also detrital common Pb correction can be formulated in a maximum likelihood sense. The new method was applied to three published datasets, including low Th∕U carbonates, high Th∕U allanites and overdispersed monazites. The carbonate example illustrates how the total-Pb/U-Th method achieves a more precise common Pb correction than a conventional 207Pb-based approach does. The allanite sample shows the significant gain in both precision and accuracy that is made when the Th–Pb decay system is jointly considered with the U–Pb system. Finally, the monazite example is used to illustrate how the total-Pb/U-Th regression algorithm can be modified to include an overdispersion parameter. All the parameters in the discordia regression method (including the age and the overdispersion parameter) are strictly positive quantities that exhibit skewed error distributions near zero. This skewness can be accounted for using the profile log-likelihood method or by recasting the regression algorithm in terms of logarithmic quantities. Both approaches yield realistic asymmetric confidence intervals for the model parameters. The new algorithm is flexible enough that it can accommodate disequilibrium corrections and intersample error correlations when these are provided by the user. All the methods presented in this paper have been added to the IsoplotR software package. This will hopefully encourage geochronologists to take full advantage of the entire U–Th–Pb decay system.
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Wood, GS, BF Burns, RF Dorfman, and RA Warnke. "In situ quantitation of lymph node helper, suppressor, and cytotoxic T cell subsets in AIDS." Blood 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.3.596.596.
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Abstract We have used the novel monoclonal antibodies 9.3 and anti-Leu-8 in conjunction with other T cell markers to quantify T cell subpopulations in the paracortex, mantle, and germinal center compartments of frozen sections of lymph nodes from seven homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and five heterosexual controls. Antibody 9.3 allows dissection of the Leu-2+ cytotoxic/suppressor subset (Tcs) into 9.3+ cytotoxic cells (Tc) and 9.3- suppressor cells (Ts). Anti-Leu-8 allows dissection of the Leu-3+ helper subset (TH) into functionally distinct subpopulations. The data indicate that the T cells in patients with AIDS exhibit normal antigen expression but altered subset ratios. In this series, the data suggested that the reversal of the paracortical TH-Tcs ratio was due to an increase in Ts with a concomitant decrease in TH and Tc. These changes were also reflected in a reversal of the normal paracortical Tc-Ts ratio (3.0) to less than 1.0. Furthermore, the data suggested a marked decrease in paracortical Leu-3+8+TH, which are known to have inducer function in cellular immune reactions and exert feedback inhibition of immunoglobulin production through a suppressor T cell intermediary. In contrast, there was preservation of the Leu-3+8-TH population within the germinal center. This T cell subset is known to help B cell differentiation. This microenvironmentally specific constellation of T cell subset alterations within lymph nodes may in part explain several of the immunologic findings associated with AIDS.
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Wood, GS, BF Burns, RF Dorfman, and RA Warnke. "In situ quantitation of lymph node helper, suppressor, and cytotoxic T cell subsets in AIDS." Blood 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.3.596.bloodjournal673596.
Full textAbstract:
We have used the novel monoclonal antibodies 9.3 and anti-Leu-8 in conjunction with other T cell markers to quantify T cell subpopulations in the paracortex, mantle, and germinal center compartments of frozen sections of lymph nodes from seven homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and five heterosexual controls. Antibody 9.3 allows dissection of the Leu-2+ cytotoxic/suppressor subset (Tcs) into 9.3+ cytotoxic cells (Tc) and 9.3- suppressor cells (Ts). Anti-Leu-8 allows dissection of the Leu-3+ helper subset (TH) into functionally distinct subpopulations. The data indicate that the T cells in patients with AIDS exhibit normal antigen expression but altered subset ratios. In this series, the data suggested that the reversal of the paracortical TH-Tcs ratio was due to an increase in Ts with a concomitant decrease in TH and Tc. These changes were also reflected in a reversal of the normal paracortical Tc-Ts ratio (3.0) to less than 1.0. Furthermore, the data suggested a marked decrease in paracortical Leu-3+8+TH, which are known to have inducer function in cellular immune reactions and exert feedback inhibition of immunoglobulin production through a suppressor T cell intermediary. In contrast, there was preservation of the Leu-3+8-TH population within the germinal center. This T cell subset is known to help B cell differentiation. This microenvironmentally specific constellation of T cell subset alterations within lymph nodes may in part explain several of the immunologic findings associated with AIDS.
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Xing, HAN, RUI Tao, YU Shuangshuang, ZHANG Zhen, and ZHANG Chenzhong. "Design of cooled MWIR continuous zooming optical system wi th high zoom ratio." Journal of Applied Optics 40, no. 6 (2019): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao201940.0601011.
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Wu, Li, Joanne Kwak-Kim, Ran Zhang, Qing Li, Fang ting Lu, Yu Zhang, Hao Y. Wang, Liang wen Zhong, and Yu Sheng Liu. "Vitamin D level affects IVF outcome partially mediated via Th/Tc cell ratio." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 80, no. 6 (October 6, 2018): e13050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.13050.
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Duan, Guojian, Qiangqiang Zhong, Lei Bi, Liu Yang, Tonghuan Liu, Xiaoning Shi, and Wangsuo Wu. "β-Cyclodextrin Modified Poly(Acrylonitrule-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel for Thorium(IV) Adsorption." Polymers 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9060201.
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In this report, the β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was used to remove the thorium(IV) [Th(IV)] from the water system, and the new adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of contact time, pH value, ionic strength, solid-liquid ratio, initial Th(IV) concentration, and temperature on Th(IV) adsorption onto the functional hydrogel were researched. The results showed that the experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Th(IV) was 692 mg/g at pH 2.95, which approached the calculated (qe) 682 mg/g. The desorption capacity of Th(IV) in different HNO3 concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 M was also studied, and the percentage of the maximum desorption was 86.85% in the condition of 0.09 M HNO3. The selectivity of β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was also be studied, the results indicated that this material retained the good adsorption capacity to Th(IV) even when the Ca2+, Mg2+, or Pb2+ existed in the system. The findings indicate that β-CD(AN-co-AA) can be used as a new candidate for the enrichment and separation of Th(IV), or its analogue actinides, from large-volume solution in practical application.
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Shafin, Nazlahshaniza, Zahiruddin Othman, Rahimah Zakaria, and Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain. "Tualang Honey Supplementation Reduces Blood Oxidative Stress Levels/Activities in Postmenopausal Women." ISRN Oxidative Medicine 2014 (March 9, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/364836.
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This study aimed to investigate the ability of Tualang honey (TH), a phytoestrogen, to reduce blood oxidative stress levels/activities in postmenopausal women and compared the effects with the standard estrogen progestin therapy (EPT). A total of 78 healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of two groups; EPT group received Femoston conti 1/5 (1 mg 17β-estradiol and 5 mg dydrogesterone), and TH group, received 20 g of TH supplement daily for 16 weeks. The reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH : GSSG), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels/activities were measured at pre- and postinterventions using commercially available kits. The plasma GPx and CAT activities were notably increased, and plasma 4-HNE level was significantly decreased in postmenopausal women who received EPT and TH supplementation. TH supplementation for 16 weeks was able to reduce blood oxidative stress levels/activities of postmenopausal women comparable to those who received EPT. Thus, TH has a potential to be used as antioxidant therapy to combat oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. This trial is registered with NCT01300676.
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Al-Jafar, Methaq K., and Mohanad H. Al-Jaberi. "Determination of clay minerals using gamma ray spectroscopy for the Zubair Formation in Southern Iraq." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01371-3.
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AbstractSandstone oil reserves are composed of a variety of clay minerals, including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. These clay minerals have a significant effect of reservoir quality. The upper sandstone member (USS) of Zubair Formation is the most plentiful reservoir of the field and it’s part of a large anticline that belongs to an enormous clastic sandstone formation, from the Lower Cretaceous period. A spectral gamma-ray (SGR) log was used to identify the type of clay minerals, depositional environment, and the relationship between total organic matter with uranium concentration. SGR log indicated that USS is composed mainly of chlorite, smectite, and illite clay minerals with the presence of kaolinite as a dominant clay mineral component. Th/U ratio varies between 2.55 and 8.52 and 1.11 to 11.68 in the north and south parts of the field, respectively. The USS had a fluvially dominated, sand-rich deltaic environment based on the Th/U ratio. Furthermore, Th/K cross-plot was found that the south part was more affected by illite compared with the north part, although the presence of kaolinite.
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Altenberger, Uwe, Yamirka Rojas-Agramonte, Yueheng Yang, Jimmy Fernández-Lamus, Tobias Häger, Christina Guenter, Alejandra Gonzalez-Pinzón, Felipe Charris-Leal, and Julia Artel. "In Situ U–Th–Pb Dating of Parisite: Implication for the Age of Mineralization of Colombian Emeralds." Minerals 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12101232.
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Parisite-Ce (Ca(Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2) is a rare-earth (REE) fluorocarbonate mineral first described from the world-famous emerald mines of the Muzo district, Boyacá Province, Colombia. Four samples of parisite-Ce collected from outcrops near Muzo have been geochemically studied and dated using the in situ laser ablation U–Th–Pb method. Our study shows that the REE abundance of parisite is controlled by the leaching of the wall rocks (black schist). Furthermore, we show that the parisite-Ce crystals formed in textural equilibrium with the emeralds, suggesting a similar time of crystallization. Our analysis demonstrates the capability of parisite as a geochronometer and shows that precise and accurate U–Th–Pb ages can be obtained from parisite after common 207Pb correction. A higher precision date was obtained with the Th–Pb ratio rather than with the U–Pb ratio because of the relatively higher content of Th than U in the samples. The samples yielded 208Th–232Pb ages ranging from ~47 to 51 Ma. The new ages are ~10 Ma older than previously reported Ar–Ar ages and ~10 Ma younger than previously reported Rb/Sr ages. These results will have significant implications for understanding the timing of mineralization and crystallization of emerald deposits in Colombia. Furthermore, this study opens new avenues for dating similar deposits worldwide.
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Tootle, Samuel D., L. Jens Papenfort, Elias R. Most, and Luciano Rezzolla. "Quasi-universal Behavior of the Threshold Mass in Unequal-mass, Spinning Binary Neutron Star Mergers." Astrophysical Journal Letters 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): L19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac350d.
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Abstract The lifetime of the remnant produced by the merger of two neutron stars can provide a wealth of information on the equation of state of nuclear matter and on the processes leading to the electromagnetic counterpart. Hence, it is essential to determine when this lifetime is the shortest, corresponding to when the remnant has a mass equal to the threshold mass, M th, to prompt collapse to a black hole. We report on the results of more than 360 simulations of merging neutron-star binaries covering 40 different configurations differing in mass ratio and spin of the primary. Using this data, we have derived a quasi-universal relation for M th and expressed its dependence on the mass ratio and spin of the binary. The new expression recovers the results of Koeppel et al. for equal-mass, irrotational binaries and reveals that M th can increase (decrease) by 5% (10%) for binaries that have spins aligned (antialigned) with the orbital angular momentum and provides evidence for a nonmonotonic dependence of M th on the mass asymmetry in the system. Finally, we extend to unequal masses and spinning binaries the lower limits that can be set on the stellar radii once a neutron star binary is detected, illustrating how the merger of an unequal-mass, rapidly spinning binary can significantly constrain the allowed values of the stellar radii.
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Said, Moch Iqbal Nur, Mutia Anggraini, Mohammad Zaki Mubarok, and Kurnia Setiawan Widana. "Studi Ekstraksi Bijih Thorit dengan Metode Digesti Asam dan Pemisahan Thorium dari Logam Tanah Jarang dengan Metode Oksidasi-Presipitasi Selektif." EKSPLORIUM 38, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3930.
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AbstrakThorium (Th) merupakan logam radioaktif yang dapat terbentuk bersama uranium dan logam tanah jarang (LTJ). Mineral-mineral yang mengandung unsur radioaktif diantaranya monasit ((Ce,La,Y,U/Th)PO4), thorianit ((Th,U)O2), dan thorit (ThSiO4). Daerah Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat diketahui mengandung mineral radioaktif, salah satunya adalah thorit. Untuk memisahkan LTJ dari unsur radioaktif dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi thorium dari bijih thorit dengan metode digesti asam menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4), kemudian diikuti pelindian dalam air dan rekoveri thorium dalam bentuk thorium hidroksida dengan metode presipitasi kimia menggunakan ammonium hidroksida (NH4OH). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum digesti asam yang memberikan persentase ekstraksi paling tinggi didapatkan pada rasio padat/cair 1:2 (g/mL) selama 60 menit dengan persentase ekstraksi Th, besi (Fe), dan LTJ masing-masing sebesar 82,47%, 80,08%, dan 83,31%. Persentase presipitasi Th tertinggi sebesar 95,47% diperoleh pada pH 4,5 dalam suhu ruangan (26±1°C). Pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi, (70°C), diperoleh persentase presipitasi thorium yang lebih rendah sebesar 83,69%. Pre-oksidasi dengan menggunakan larutan H2O2sebanyak dua kali stoikiometri selama 1,5 jam pada suhu kamar meningkatkan persentase presipitasi Fe dari 93,08% menjadi 99,93%. AbstractThorium (Th) is a radioactive metal that can be formed along with uranumand rare earth metals (REM). Minerals contain radioactive elements are monazite ((Ce,La,Y,U/Th)PO4), thorianite ((Th,U)O2), and thorite (ThSiO4). Mamuju Area is containing radioactive minerals, thorite is one of them. To separate REM from radioactive elements can be conducted by exctracting thorium from thorite ore by acid digestion method using sulphuric acid (H2SO4), followed by leaching and thorium recovery in the form of thorium hydroxide by chemical precipitation using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions of acid digestion that give the highest Th extraction percentage on solid to liquid ratio are obtained at 1:2 (g/mL) in 60 minutes with extraction percentages of Th, iron (Fe) and REM are 82.47%, 80.08%, and 83.31% respectively. The highest thorium precipitation percentage, as much as 95.47% , was obtained at pH 4.5 on room temperature (26 ± 1°C). At higher temperature (70°C), a lower percentage of thorium precipitation is obtained, as much as 83.69%. Pre-oxidation by using H2O2 solution with two times stoichiometry for 1.5 hours at room temperature is increasing Fe precipitation percentage from 93.08% to 99.93%.
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IPATE, ALINA MIRELA, DIANA SERBEZEANU, ALEXANDRA BARGAN, CORNELIU HAMCIUC, LACRAMIOARA OCHIUZ, and SIMONA GHERMAN. "POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE)-CHITOSAN HYDROGELS AS MATRICES FOR CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (February 12, 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.07.
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In this study, hydrogels based on poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and chitosan, derived from different mixing ratios of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/chitosan, were synthesized by the freeze-drying technique with the aim of obtaining new systems that could be used to release tetracycline hydrochloride (TH). Freeze-drying methods were also used to prepare the hydrogels containing TH. The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as in terms of dynamic water vapour sorption capacity. The poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/chitosan hydrogels were evaluated with regard to the release of TH. The release profiles of TH from the poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/chitosan hydrogels depended on the chitosan content. It could be seen that if the concentration of chitosan was too high, the release was delayed and not fully achieved, because the release of the drug was prevented by the crystalline areas of the chitosan. According to the release study, the drug release mechanism of the poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/chitosan hydrogels loaded with TH perfectly fitted the Higuchi and the Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The highest value of water vapor sorption capacity was obtained for the hydrogel with the poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/chitosan ratio of 50/50. PVP-CS loaded with 3 wt% TH may potentially be used for the controlled delivery of tetracycline to treat oral infections.
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Ahmad, Iqbal, Syed Haider Abbas, Zubair Anwar, Muhammad Ali Sheraz, Sofia Ahmed, Muhammad Furqan Mobeen, Nafeesa Mustaan, and Wajiha Gul. "Stability-Indicating Photochemical Method for the Assay of Thiamine by Spectrophotometry." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3178518.
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A stability-indicating photochemical method has been developed for the assay of thiamine (TH) salts in aqueous solution and in fresh and aged vitamin preparations. It is based on the photooxidation of TH by UV irradiation to form thiochrome (TC) in alkaline solution. The TC : TH ratio under controlled conditions of light intensity, temperature, pH, exposure time, and irradiation distance is constant and can be used to determine the concentration of UV irradiated TH solutions. TC, on extraction with isobutanol from the photodegraded solution of TH, has been determined by the UV spectrophotometric method at 370 nm. It exhibits a high intensity of absorption in the UV region that can be used for the assay of even low concentrations of TH. Under optimum conditions, Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.20–2.00 mg/100 ml (R2 = 09998). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.0076 and 0.0231 mg/100 ml, respectively. The method has been validated and applied to aqueous solutions and vitamin preparations. The results have statistically been compared with the United States Pharmacopeia liquid chromatography method. It has been found that there is no significant difference between the two methods at 95% confidence level.
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Alonso, Manuela, Charles Goodwin, XiaoHui Liao, David Page, Samuel Refetoff, and Roy E. Weiss. "Effects of Maternal Levels of Thyroid Hormone (TH) on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Set Point: Studies in TH Receptor β Knockout Mice." Endocrinology 148, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 5305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0677.
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A level of thyroid hormone (TH) in agreement with the tissue requirements is essential for vertebrate embryogenesis and fetal maturation. In this study we evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of incongruent intrauterine TH levels between mother and fetus using the TH receptor (TR) β−/− knockout mouse as a model. We took advantage of the fact that the TRβ−/− females have elevated serum TH but are not thyrotoxic due to resistance to TH. We used crosses between heterozygotes with wild-type phenotype (TRβ+/−) males and TRβ−/− females, with a hyperiodothyroninemic (high T4 and T3 levels) intrauterine environment (TH congruent with the TRβ−/− fetus and excessive for the TRβ+/− fetus), and reciprocal crosses between TRβ−/− males and TRβ+/− females, providing a euiodothyroninemic intrauterine environment. We found that TRβ−/− dams had reduced litter sizes and pups with lower birth weight but preserved the mendelian TRβ−/− to TRβ+/− ratio at birth, indicating that the incongruous TH levels did not decrease intrauterine survival of a specific genotype. The results of studies in newborns demonstrate that TRβ+/− pups born to TRβ−/− dams have persistent suppression of serum TSH without a peak. On the other hand, TRβ−/− pups born to TRβ+/− dams have lower serum TSH at birth and a tendency to peak higher, compared with TRβ−/− pups born to TRβ−/− dams. The studies in the adult progeny demonstrate that TRβ+/− mice born to TRβ−/− dams and, thus, exposed to higher intrauterine TH levels, have greater resistance to TH at the level of the pituitary when stimulated with TRH. On the other hand, TRβ−/− mice born to TRβ+/− dams and, thus, deprived of TH in uterine life, were more sensitive to TH when similarly stimulated with TRH. Thus, TH exposure in utero has an effect on the regulatory set point of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, which can be seen early in life and persists into adulthood.
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Kuramatsu, Joji B., Rainer Kollmar, Stefan T. Gerner, Dominik Madžar, Andrea Pisarčíková, Dimitre Staykov, Stephan P. Kloska, et al. "Is Hypothermia Helpful in Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? An Exploratory Study on Macro Vascular Spasm, Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Functional Outcome after Prolonged Hypothermia." Cerebrovascular Diseases 40, no. 5-6 (2015): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439178.
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Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an established treatment after cardiac arrest and growing evidence supports its use as neuroprotective treatment in stroke. Only few and heterogeneous studies exist on the effect of hypothermia in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A novel approach of early and prolonged TH and its influence on key complications in poor-grade SAH, vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) was evaluated. Methods: This observational matched controlled study included 36 poor-grade (Hunt and Hess Scale >3 and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Scale >3) SAH patients. Twelve patients received early TH (<48 h after ictus), mild (35°C), prolonged (7 ± 1 days) and were matched to 24 patients from the prospective SAH database. Vasospasm was diagnosed by angiography, macrovascular spasm serially evaluated by Doppler sonography and DCI was defined as new infarction on follow-up CT. Functional outcome was assessed at 6 months by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and categorized as favorable (mRS score 0-2) versus unfavorable (mRS score 3-6) outcome. Results: Angiographic vasospasm was present in 71.0% of patients. TH neither influenced occurrence nor duration, but the degree of macrovascular spasm as well as peak spastic velocities were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Frequency of DCI was 87.5% in non-TH vs. 50% in TH-treated patients, translating into a relative risk reduction of 43% and preventive risk ratio of 0.33 (95% CI 0.14-0.77, p = 0.036). Favorable functional outcome was twice as frequent in TH-treated patients 66.7 vs. 33.3% of non-TH (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Early and prolonged TH was associated with a reduced degree of macrovascular spasm and significantly decreased occurrence of DCI, possibly ameliorating functional outcome. TH may represent a promising neuroprotective therapy possibly targeting multiple pathways of DCI development, notably macrovascular spasm, which strongly warrants further evaluation of its clinical impact.
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S. Abo-Elnour, Safaa, Amira E. Abdelhamid, Sherine E. Bendary, Ossama A. Ahmed, Heba I. Aly, and Dina M. Erfan. "Serum Interleukin-35 Level in Correlation with T Regulatory and T helper-17 Cells Frequency in Chronic Viral Hepatitis C Patients." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 2431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.21.
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Interleukin-35 (IL-35), secreted mainly by T-regulatory cells (T-regs), has been considered to have immunosuppressive actions in many auto-immune diseases and tumors. However, information about its role in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is still limited. We aimed to study the role of IL-35 within CHC infection and to assess its correlation with T-regs and T-helper 17 cells (Th-17). Therefore, we measured serum IL-35 concentrations using ELISA assay in 25 normal controls (NCs) and in 30 CHC patients before receiving direct antiviral agents (DAA) treatment and after 3 months of treatment end. T-regs and Th-17 cells frequencies were assessed via flow-cytometry in control group and patients’ group before treatment. The results showed that serum IL-35 levels revealed a highly significant increase in CHC patients compared to NCs (P <0.001). Moreover, IL-35 levels significantly decreased in patients 3 months after treatment end (P =0.02). Both Th-17 and T-regs were significantly increased in patients more than in NCs and a positive correlation was observed between them. However, T-regs/Th-17 ratio did not show significant difference from the ratio in NCs. IL-35 levels were positively correlated with viral load and T-regs frequency, but not with Th-17 frequency. IL-35 levels did not correlate with liver enzymes or functions. These results suggested that IL-35 enhances the immunosuppressive functions of T-regs, protecting the liver from HCV induced damage and contributes to viral persistence. IL-35 may represent a possible immunotherapeutic strategy for chronic persistent infection if given with DAA, especially in relapsing or non-responding cases.
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SHEPPARD, S. C., W. G. EVENDEN, and R. J. POLLOCK. "UPTAKE OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES BY FIELD AND GARDEN CROPS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 751–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-076.
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Natural radionuclides of the uranium (U) and thorium (Th) decay series contribute to the radiation dose received by humans. In the context of U mining and refining, it is important to accurately assess the pathway for these radionuclides from soils to food plants. The Canadian Standards Association model of this pathway for dose estimation is based on the plant/soil concentration ratio (CR). In a controlled outdoor lysimeter setting, we measured CR values for experimentally applied U at 100 mg kg−1, 230Th at 8 kBq kg−1 and 210Pb (lead) at 20 kBq kg−1 using a sand, a loam, a clay and an organic soil in 12 soil and crop combinations. The overall geometric mean CR values were 0.013, 0.0022 and 0.0050 for U, 230Th and 210Pb, respectively. A second experiment using one soil and crop showed CR to be dependent on soil concentration for U, but not for Th and Pb. The final two experiments dealt with uptake of U, Th, Pb, Ra (radium), Cs (cesium), Po (polonium), and As (arsenic) from soils contaminated by a former Ra processing facility, both in a controlled lysimeter setting and in uncontrolled home-garden settings. The results generally agreed with those of the initial experiment, although the overall geometric mean CR for Th was higher at 0.02. Most of the recommended Th CR values for dose estimation are tenfold below those for U; our garden-setting results suggest they should be equal or higher. The effects on soil properties and crop type on CR values are discussed. Key words: Concentration ratio, uranium, thorium, lead