Journal articles: 'TGA'

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Zhou, Jun-Ma, Youssef Trifa, Herman Silva, Dominique Pontier, Eric Lam, Jyoti Shah, and Daniel F. Klessig. "NPR1 Differentially Interacts with Members of the TGA/OBF Family of Transcription Factors That Bind an Element of the PR-1 Gene Required for Induction by Salicylic Acid." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 2 (February 2000): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.2.191.

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NPR1 is a critical component of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal transduction pathway leading to the induction of defense genes, such as the pathogenesis-related (PR)-1 gene, and enhanced disease resistance. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several NPR1-interacting proteins (NIPs). Two of these NIPs are members of the TGA/OBF family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors; this family has been implicated in the activation of SA-responsive genes, including PR-1. Six TGA family members were tested and shown to differentially interact with NPR1: TGA2 and TGA3 showed strong affinity for NPR1; TGA5 and TGA6 exhibited weaker affinity; and TGA1 and TGA4 displayed little or no detectable interaction with NPR1, respectively. Interestingly, the amino-termini of these factors were found to decrease their stability in yeast and differentially affect their apparent affinity toward NPR1. The interacting regions on NPR1 and the TGA factors were also defined. Each of four point mutations in NPR1 that disrupt SA signaling in Arabidopsis completely blocked interaction of NPR1 with TGA2 and TGA3. TGA2 and TGA3 were also found to bind the SA-responsive element of the Arabidopsis PR-1 promoter. These results directly link NPR1 to SA-induced PR-1 expression through members of the TGA family of transcription factors.

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Harfouche, Tieme Breternitz, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Marieli Ruza, and Alexandre Behling. "USO DE APLICATIVOS EM SMARTPHONE PARA MEDIÇÕES DE ÁRVORES." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 4, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v4i1.62532.

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Este trabalho visou verificar a precisão de aplicativos de smartphone para medir indiretamente a altura de árvores e a distância entre o operador e a árvore. Como testemunha para medir altura, adotou-se o Hipsômetro Vertex IV (T0a) e, para distância, a variável medida com trena (T0b). Foram selecionadas 30 árvores isoladas do Campus da Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba - PR e 30 árvores pertencentes à um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. na Fazenda Experimental Canguiri em Pinhais – PR. Foram 7 tratamentos testados para altura: Smart Measure (T1a), sMeasure (T2a), Distance meter (T3a), Hypsometer (T4a), 3D-Prumo (T5a), Height and Distance (T6a) e Tree-H (T7a). Foram 8 tratamentos para medir distância: Smart Measure (T1b), sMeasure (T2b), Distance meter (T3b), Hypsometer (T4b), 3D-Prumo (T5b), Height and Distance (T6b), Easy Measure (T7b) e Smart Distance (T8b). Avaliou-se a precisão dos aplicativos com o teste t de Student pareado com 5% de significância em relação às testemunhas e cálculo dos erros. Para altura em árvores isoladas, o tratamento T2a apresentou diferença estatística a probabilidade de 5%. O tratamento T6a obteve menor erro (2,48 m). No plantio de Eucalyptus sp., os tratamentos T1a, T6a e T7a apresentaram diferenças significativas e T3a obteve menor erro (2,99 m). Para a medição de distância em árvores isoladas, os tratamentos T4b e T6b não apresentaram diferença e T4b apresentou menor erro (2,28 m). No plantio, todos apresentaram diferença estatística. A incorporação de aplicativos para smartphones é alternativa para uso em inventários florestais para alturas. Para distâncias, deve-se ter cautela.

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Shearer, Heather L., Lipu Wang, Catherine DeLong, Charles Despres, and Pierre R. Fobert. "NPR1 enhances the DNA binding activity of the Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor TGA7This paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute." Botany 87, no. 6 (June 2009): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-143.

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Pathogen-induced transcriptional reprogramming of the plant genome is mediated predominantly by the cofactor NPR1 (NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1). NPR1 lacks any known DNA-binding domain and is proposed to regulate transcription through interactions with TGA transcription factors that bind to as-1-like promoter elements. Previous studies have focused on the interaction of NPR1 with subgroup I (TGA1, TGA4) or subgroup II (TGA2, TGA5, TGA6) factors. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we showed that a member of subgroup III (TGA7) interacts with wild-type NPR1 but not with mutants in the ankyrin repeats that are important for disease resistance. Mutations in the NPR1 BTB/POZ domain also greatly reduced interaction with TGA7. NPR1 substantially increased the binding of TGA7 to cognate promoter elements in vitro, including a salicylic-acid-inducible element of the PR-1 promoter. While TGA7 interacted with all TGA factors tested, interactions were not observed between TGA2 and subgroup I factors, indicating that cross-clade interaction is not a general property of the family. Transcripts from subgroup III TGA factors were weakly inducible by salicylic acid and pathogens, but only TGA3 expression was dependent on NPR1. These results suggest that NPR1-mediated DNA binding of TGA7 could regulate the activation of defense genes.

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Wong, Tit-Yee, Sanjit Fernandes, Naby Sankhon, Patrick P. Leong, Jimmy Kuo, and Jong-Kang Liu. "Role of Premature Stop Codons in Bacterial Evolution." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 20 (August 15, 2008): 6718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00682-08.

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ABSTRACT When the stop codons TGA, TAA, and TAG are found in the second and third reading frames of a protein-encoding gene, they are considered premature stop codons (PSC). Deinococcus radiodurans disproportionately favored TGA more than the other two triplets as a PSC. The TGA triplet was also found more often in noncoding regions and as a stop codon, though the bias was less pronounced. We investigated this phenomenon in 72 bacterial species with widely differing chromosomal GC contents. Although TGA and TAG were compositionally similar, we found a great variation in use of TGA but a very limited range of use of TAG. The frequency of use of TGA in the gene sequences generally increased with the GC content of the chromosome, while the frequency of use of TAG, like that of TAA, was inversely proportional to the GC content of the chromosome. The patterns of use of TAA, TGA and TAG as real stop codons were less biased and less influenced by the GC content of the chromosome. Bacteria with higher chromosomal GC contents often contained fewer PSC trimers in their genes. Phylogenetically related bacteria often exhibited similar PSC ratios. In addition, metabolically versatile bacteria have significantly fewer PSC trimers in their genes. The bias toward TGA but against TAG as a PSC could not be explained either by the preferential usage of specific codons or by the GC contents of individual chromosomes. We proposed that the quantity and the quality of the PSC in the genome might be important in bacterial evolution.

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Shearer, Heather L., Yu Ti Cheng, Lipu Wang, Jinman Liu, Patrick Boyle, Charles Després, Yuelin Zhang, Xin Li, and Pierre R. Fobert. "Arabidopsis Clade I TGA Transcription Factors Regulate Plant Defenses in an NPR1-Independent Fashion." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 11 (November 2012): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-09-11-0256.

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Transcriptional reprogramming during induction of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defenses is regulated primarily by NPR1 (NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1), likely through interactions with TGA bZIP transcription factors. To ascertain the contributions of clade I TGA factors (TGA1 and TGA4) to defense responses, a tga1-1 tga4-1 double mutant was constructed and challenged with Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Although the mutant displayed enhanced susceptibility to virulent P. syringae, it was not compromised in systemic acquired resistance against this pathogen or resistance against avirulent H. arabidopsidis. Microarray analysis of nonelicited and SA-treated plants indicated that clade I TGA factors regulate fewer genes than NPR1. Approximately half of TGA-dependent genes were regulated by NPR1 but, in all cases, the direction of change was opposite in the two mutants. In support of the microarray data, the NPR1-independent disease resistance observed in the autoimmune resistance (R) gene mutant snc1 is partly compromised by tga1-1 tga4-1 mutations, and a triple mutant of clade I TGA factors with npr1-1 is more susceptible than either parent. These results suggest that clade I TGA factors are required for resistance against virulent pathogens and avirulent pathogens mediated by at least some R gene specificities, acting substantially through NPR1-independent pathways.

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Iismaa, Siiri E., Bryony M. Mearns, Laszlo Lorand, and Robert M. Graham. "Transglutaminases and Disease: Lessons From Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Inherited Disorders." Physiological Reviews 89, no. 3 (July 2009): 991–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00044.2008.

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The human transglutaminase (TG) family consists of a structural protein, protein 4.2, that lacks catalytic activity, and eight zymogens/enzymes, designated factor XIII-A (FXIII-A) and TG1-7, that catalyze three types of posttranslational modification reactions: transamidation, esterification, and hydrolysis. These reactions are essential for biological processes such as blood coagulation, skin barrier formation, and extracellular matrix assembly but can also contribute to the pathophysiology of various inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative conditions. Some members of the TG family, for example, TG2, can participate in biological processes through actions unrelated to transamidase catalytic activity. We present here a comprehensive review of recent insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of TG family members that have come from studies of genetically engineered mouse models and/or inherited disorders. The review focuses on FXIII-A, TG1, TG2, TG5, and protein 4.2, as mice deficient in TG3, TG4, TG6, or TG7 have not yet been reported, nor have mutations in these proteins been linked to human disease.

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Barbalho, Sandra Maria, Ana Paula Machado Spada, Erick Prado de Oliveira, Márcio Emilio Paiva-Filho, Karla Aparecida Martuchi, Náyra Coelho Leite, Renata Maeda Deus, Vivianne Sasaki, Lucas Silva Braganti, and Marie Oshiiwa. "Mentha piperita effects on wistar rats plasma lipids." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 5 (October 2009): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000500011.

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of Mentha piperita juice and tea on plasma lipids of Wistar rats. The animals were divided in control group (CG) and four treated groups: TG1 treated with tea and TG2 treated with juice (both receiving commercial rat chow); TG3 and TG4 were fed with supplemented fat chow (with hydrogenated fat and soybean oil) and treated respectively with tea and juice. Both tea and juice were administered by intra-gastric route (gavage) two times a day for 30 days. TG2 and TG4 animals showed significant decrease in triacylglycerols and increase in HDL-c levels. TG1 and TG2 also showed lower cholesterol values. The levels of LDL-c increased in CG but decreased in the treated groups. Animals of TG1, TG2 and TG4 showed substantial reduction in food intake and in percentage of weight gain. TG3 increased food intake but did not increase the percentage of weight gain.

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Korkmaz, Gürkan, Mikael Holm, Tobias Wiens, and Suparna Sanyal. "Comprehensive Analysis of Stop Codon Usage in Bacteria and Its Correlation with Release Factor Abundance." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 44 (September 12, 2014): 30334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.606632.

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We present a comprehensive analysis of stop codon usage in bacteria by analyzing over eight million coding sequences of 4684 bacterial sequences. Using a newly developed program called “stop codon counter,” the frequencies of the three classical stop codons TAA, TAG, and TGA were analyzed, and a publicly available stop codon database was built. Our analysis shows that with increasing genomic GC content the frequency of the TAA codon decreases and that of the TGA codon increases in a reciprocal manner. Interestingly, the release factor 1-specific codon TAG maintains a more or less uniform frequency (∼20%) irrespective of the GC content. The low abundance of TAG is also valid with respect to expression level of the genes ending with different stop codons. In contrast, the highly expressed genes predominantly end with TAA, ensuring termination with either of the two release factors. Using three model bacteria with different stop codon usage (Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis), we show that the frequency of TAG and TGA codons correlates well with the relative steady state amount of mRNA and protein for release factors RF1 and RF2 during exponential growth. Furthermore, using available microarray data for gene expression, we show that in both fast growing and contrasting biofilm formation conditions, the relative level of RF1 is nicely correlated with the expression level of the genes ending with TAG.

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Sancetta, Biagio Maria, Lorenzo Ricci, Giovanni Assenza, Marilisa Boscarino, Flavia Narducci, Carlo Vico, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, and Mario Tombini. "EPIAMNE: A New Scoring System for Differentiating Transient EPIleptic AMNEsia from Transient Global Amnesia." Brain Sciences 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121632.

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Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a rare cause of acute amnestic syndromes (AAS), often misdiagnosed as transient global amnesia (TGA). We proposed a scoring system—the EPIlepsy AMNEsia (EPIAMNE) score—using quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis to obtain a tool for differentiating TEA from TGA. We retrospectively reviewed clinical information and standard EEGs (stEEG) of 19 patients with TEA and 21 with TGA. We computed and compared Power Spectral Density, demonstrating an increased relative theta power in TGA. We subsequently incorporated qEEG features in EPIAMNE score, together with clinical and stEEG features. ROC curve models and pairwise ROC curve comparison were used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy for TEA detection of EPIAMNE score, presence of symptoms atypical for TGA (pSymAT) and identification of anomalies (interictal epileptiform or temporal focal spiky transients) at stEEG (PosEEG). Area Under the Curve (AUC) of EPIAMNE score revealed to be higher than PosEEG and pSymAT (AUCEPIAMNE = 0.95, AUCpSymAT = 0.85, AUCPosEEG = 0.67) and this superiority proved to be statistically significant (p-valueEPIAMNE-PosEEG and p-valueEPIAMNE-pSymAT < 0.05). In conclusion, EPIAMNE score classified TEA with higher accuracy than PosEEG and pSymAT. This approach could become a promising tool for the differential diagnosis of AAS, especially for early TEA detection.

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Ho, Alexander Thomas, and Laurence Daniel Hurst. "Unusual mammalian usage of TGA stop codons reveals that sequence conservation need not imply purifying selection." PLOS Biology 20, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): e3001588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001588.

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The assumption that conservation of sequence implies the action of purifying selection is central to diverse methodologies to infer functional importance. GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC), a meiotic mismatch repair bias strongly favouring GC over AT, can in principle mimic the action of selection, this being thought to be especially important in mammals. As mutation is GC→AT biased, to demonstrate that gBGC does indeed cause false signals requires evidence that an AT-rich residue is selectively optimal compared to its more GC-rich allele, while showing also that the GC-rich alternative is conserved. We propose that mammalian stop codon evolution provides a robust test case. Although in most taxa TAA is the optimal stop codon, TGA is both abundant and conserved in mammalian genomes. We show that this mammalian exceptionalism is well explained by gBGC mimicking purifying selection and that TAA is the selectively optimal codon. Supportive of gBGC, we observe (i) TGA usage trends are consistent at the focal stop codon and elsewhere (in UTR sequences); (ii) that higher TGA usage and higher TAA→TGA substitution rates are predicted by a high recombination rate; and (iii) across species the difference in TAA <-> TGA substitution rates between GC-rich and GC-poor genes is largest in genomes that possess higher between-gene GC variation. TAA optimality is supported both by enrichment in highly expressed genes and trends associated with effective population size. High TGA usage and high TAA→TGA rates in mammals are thus consistent with gBGC’s predicted ability to “drive” deleterious mutations and supports the hypothesis that sequence conservation need not be indicative of purifying selection. A general trend for GC-rich trinucleotides to reside at frequencies far above their mutational equilibrium in high recombining domains supports the generality of these results.

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Sklansky, Mark. "D-TGA/L-TGA." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 43 (2017): S116—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1344.

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Lanzone, Jacopo, Claudio Imperatori, Giovanni Assenza, Lorenzo Ricci, Benedetto Farina, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, and Mario Tombini. "Power Spectral Differences between Transient Epileptic and Global Amnesia: An eLORETA Quantitative EEG Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090613.

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Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a rare epileptic condition, often confused with transient global amnesia (TGA). In a real-life scenario, differential diagnosis between these two conditions can be hard. In this study we use power spectral analysis empowered by exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA) to evidence the differences between TEA and TGA. Fifteen patients affected by TEA (64.2 ± 5.2 y.o.; 11 female/4 male; 10 left and 5 right temporal epileptic focus) and 15 patients affected by TGA (65.8 ± 7.2 y.o.; 11 females/4 males) were retrospectively identified in our clinical records. All patients recorded EEGs after symptoms offset. EEGs were analyzed with eLORETA to evidence power spectral contrast between the two conditions. We used an inverse problem solution to localize the source of spectral differences. We found a significant increase in beta band power over the affected hemisphere of TEA patients. Significant results corresponded to the uncus and para-hippocampal gyrus, respectively Brodmann’s Areas: 36, 35, 28, 34. We present original evidence of an increase in beta power in the affected hemisphere (AH) of TEA as compared to TGA. These differences involve key areas of the memory network located in the mesial temporal lobe. Spectral asymmetries could be used in the future to recognize cases of amnesia with a high risk of epilepsy.

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Piro, Maria, Alessandra Ventura, Artem Smirnov, Andrea Saggini, Anna Lena, Alessandro Mauriello, Luca Bianchi, Gerry Melino, and Eleonora Candi. "Transglutaminase 3 Reduces the Severity of Psoriasis in Imiquimod-Treated Mouse Skin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051566.

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Four transglutaminase (TG) isoforms have been detected in epidermal keratinocytes: TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG5. Except for TG1 and TG3, their contribution to keratinocyte development and structure remains undefined. In this paper, we focused on the roles of TG2 and TG3 in imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mouse skin. We evaluated the severity of psoriasis markers in the skin of imiquimod-treated TG3 null and TG2 null mice. Our results showed that compromised TG3KO mouse skin was more responsive than WT or TG2KO mouse skin to the action of the pro-inflammatory drug imiquimod.

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Kök, Mustafa VerşanKok, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, and Danis K. Nurgaliev. "Crude oil characterization using TGA-DTA, TGA-FTIR and TGA-MS techniques." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 154 (June 2017): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.12.018.

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Boehm, CD, CE Dowling, PG Waber, PJ Giardina, and HH Jr Kazazian. "Use of oligonucleotide hybridization in the characterization of a beta zero-thalassemia gene (beta 37 TGG----TGA) in a Saudi Arabian family [published erratum appears in Blood 1986 Jul;68(1):323]." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1185.1185.

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Abstract Analysis of restriction site polymorphisms in the beta-globin gene cluster of a Saudi Arabian female with beta zero-thalassemia demonstrated that both of her beta-globin genes were missing a nonpolymorphic AvaII site in exon 2. Examination of the normal nucleotide sequence surrounding this AvaII site revealed that either of two nucleotide substitutions, TGG----TAG or TGG----TGA, could produce a nonsense codon at codon 37 and eliminate the AvaII site. Consequently, two oligonucleotides (19-mers spanning codons 36 through 41 and containing either TAG or TGA at codon 37) were synthesized and hybridized against genomic DNA of the proband and her family. Specific hybridization with one of the oligomers demonstrated that the patient's beta o-thalassemia was the result of homozygosity for the TGG----TGA mutation at codon 37. In certain cases, oligonucleotide hybridization using genomic DNA may obviate the need for gene cloning and sequencing in the characterization of point mutations.

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Boehm, CD, CE Dowling, PG Waber, PJ Giardina, and HH Jr Kazazian. "Use of oligonucleotide hybridization in the characterization of a beta zero-thalassemia gene (beta 37 TGG----TGA) in a Saudi Arabian family [published erratum appears in Blood 1986 Jul;68(1):323]." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1185.bloodjournal6741185.

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Analysis of restriction site polymorphisms in the beta-globin gene cluster of a Saudi Arabian female with beta zero-thalassemia demonstrated that both of her beta-globin genes were missing a nonpolymorphic AvaII site in exon 2. Examination of the normal nucleotide sequence surrounding this AvaII site revealed that either of two nucleotide substitutions, TGG----TAG or TGG----TGA, could produce a nonsense codon at codon 37 and eliminate the AvaII site. Consequently, two oligonucleotides (19-mers spanning codons 36 through 41 and containing either TAG or TGA at codon 37) were synthesized and hybridized against genomic DNA of the proband and her family. Specific hybridization with one of the oligomers demonstrated that the patient's beta o-thalassemia was the result of homozygosity for the TGG----TGA mutation at codon 37. In certain cases, oligonucleotide hybridization using genomic DNA may obviate the need for gene cloning and sequencing in the characterization of point mutations.

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Kesumarini, Dian. "Perioperatif Transposition of The Great Arteries." JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia) 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jai.v0i0.26192.

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Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) merupakan salah satu kelainan jantung kongenital yang kompleks. Pada TGA, terjadi pertukaran sistem arterioventrikular di mana arteri pulmonalis keluar dari ventrikel kiri (LV) dan aorta keluar dari ventrikel kanan (RV). Pertukaran ini menyebabkan perubahan dalam sirkulasi darah, di mana darah yang teroksigenasi mengalir ke paru-paru dan darah yang tidak teroksigenasi mengalir ke sirkulasi sistemik.TGA memiliki beberapa variasi yang memerlukan perhatian dan tindakan operatif yang berbeda. Secara garis besar, TGA dibagi menjadi congenitally-corrected TGA (cc-TGA) dan dextro-TGA (d-TGA) yang dibagi lagi menjadi dua, yaitu TGA dengan septum interventrikular intak (TGA-IVS) dan TGA dengan defek septum ventrikel (TGA-VSD). Pada cc-TGA, diperlukan tindakan double switch. Pada d-TGA, arterial switch operation (ASO) menjadi prosedur pilihan. Pada TGA-IVS, tingkat mixing menjadi faktor penting yang perlu dijaga. Sementara itu, pada TGA-VSD, hipertensi pulmonal dan gagal jantung lebih sering terjadi. Manajemen anestesi merupakan salah satu hal penting untuk memastikan kelancaran prosedur koreksi.

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Li, Maofu, Hua Wang, Yuan Yang, and Wanmei Jin. "Capsella rubella TGA4, a bZIP transcription factor, causes delayed flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 1 (2016): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150414141l.

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Flowering time is usually regulated by many environmental factors and endogenous signals. TGA family members are bZIP transcription factors that bind to the octopine synthase element, which has been closely linked to defense/stress responses. Most TGA factors interact with non-expressor of PR1 (NPR1) and plant defense responses are strengthened by this interaction. TGA1and TGA4factors bind to NPR1 only in salicylic acid (SA)-induced leaves, suggesting that TGA4 has another function during plant development. Here, we isolated a bZIP transcription factor gene, TGA4, from Capsella rubella. TGA4transcripts were detected in most tissues, with high expression in leaves, low expression in stems and flowering buds, and undetectable in siliques. CruTGA4was over expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana wild typeCol-0 plants. Flowering time and total leaf number in the transgenic plants showed that overexpression of CruTGA4could delay flowering in A. thaliana. Our findings suggest that TGA4 may act as flowering regulator that controls plant flowering.

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Jovanovic, Zagorka, Bosiljka Vujisic-Tesic, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Jasna Zidverc-Trajkovic, Milija Mijajlovic, Marija Boricic-Kostic, Edita Cvitan, et al. "Incompetence of internal jugular vein valve in patients with transient global amnesia." Vojnosanitetski pregled 68, no. 1 (2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1101035j.

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Background/Aim. Transient global amnesia (TGA) could be related to acute ischemic disturbances in mesial parts of temporal lobes, which are important for memory. Incompetence of internal jugular vein (IJV) valve with venous congestion causes venous microthrombosis of hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of IJV valve incompetence, as well as other hemodynamic and structural properties of cerebral circulation in TGA patients. Methods. IJV valve competence was investigated in 40 TGA patients and 30 persons of the control group (matched by age and sex), as well as detection of microembolic signals and detection of right to left cardiopulmonal shunt, cerebral vasomotor reactivity and echocardiography by color triplex ultrasonography and transcranial doppler. Results. A significant difference in frequency of IJV valve incompetence was found between the TGA patients and the control persons (55% TGA vs 30% controls; p < 0.001). We did not find a significant structural (plaques frequency) or hemodynamic (flow velocity, pulsatility index) differences on arteries of the neck and cerebral arteries between the TGA patients and the controls, except for the increased pulsatility index on the basilar artery (40% TGA vs 16.6% controls; p < 0.01) and decreased vasomotor reactivity in TGA patients (50% TGA vs 26.6% controls; p < 0.001). Microembolic signals were detected very rarely (17.5% TGA patients vs 13.3% controls; p > 0.05), as well as right to left cardiopulmonal shunt (15% TGA vs 16.6% controls; p > 0.05), indicating that embolism was not important for pathogenesis of TGA. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed it, because only one TGA patient had a potent foramen ovale. Conclusion. We found a significantly increased frequency of IJV incompetence in the TGA patients, which confirmed the role of vein drainage disturbances in pathogenesis of TGA.

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Gomez-Choco, Manuel, Ariel Fernando Mariaca, Christian Gaebel, and José Manuel Valdueza. "A controlled Valsalva Maneuver causes neither Diffusion-Positive Hippocampal Lesions nor Clinical Symptoms after Transient Global Amnesia." European Neurology 82, no. 4-6 (2019): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505185.

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Valsalva maneuver (VM) precedes frequently transient global amnesia (TGA) and up to 84% of the patients with TGA present hippocampal diffusion-weighted imaging-positive (DWI+) lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 20 patients with TGA and hippocampal DWI+ lesions. Median age (range) of the patients was 67 (57–80) years and 55% were women. TGA had been preceded by a VM-associated activity in 14 patients (70%), and brain MRI had been performed at a median (range) of 47.5 (42–79) h after TGA. These patients underwent a second MRI after a controlled-induced VM at least 3 months after TGA. This MRI was performed at a median (range) of 46.8 (41–138) h after the controlled-induced VM. None of the patients who reproduced TGA symptoms presented new DWI+ lesions on the second MRI. In patients with a previous episode of TGA, VM cannot elicit TGA in isolation and the interplay of other simultaneous factors is needed.

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Tho, Hoang Vu. "Plus tree selection of Gao vang (Naucleo Orientalis) for big timber developing of indigenous plantations." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.8.2.2023.047-054.

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The results of early growths assessment of the Gao vang experimental planting area at the stage 7 year old and the selection of plus trees for big timber plantations show that the average growths in diameter at breast height, crown diameter, total height and trunk volume of plus trees (TG) reached a value of 16.74 cm; 5.24m; 10.74m; and 118.20 dm3 per tree, respectively, exceeding the accompanying forest tree group (ĐR) of 1.60; 1.02; 1.15; and 2.82 times, respectively, under the same comparison criteria, environmental conditions and time. The forest tree groups including, ĐR1; ĐR2; ĐR3; ĐR4; and ĐR5 had a coefficient of variation (CV%) in diameter of 19.07; 18.41; 13.45; 17.90; and 17.18%. Growth speed in diameter of plus trees including, TG4; TG3; TG2; TG5; and TG1 reached a value of 2.31; 2.40; 2.40; 2.41; and 2.43 cm per year, respectively, growth farther other forests tree group by 1.55 to 1.59 times. Exceed level (%) in diameter of plus trees including, TG1; TG2; TG3; TG4; and TG5. Forest trees groups reached a value of 31.75; 30.72; 31.97; 31.52; and 30.89%, respectively, that were better than the accompanying forest tree groups and the standards of plus trees for big timber indigenous plantating development. In total, there are over 1360 Gao vang individuals measured and evaluated, but only 5 excellent trees in growth could be selected, that had a exceed level for diameter of over 30% compared to the accompanying forest tree group, a ratio of 0.36%, and a selective intensity of 0.99. The plus trees evaluated and selected are very valuable as propagation materials, contributing to providing information, scientific basis, quality seed sources, and diversifying the structure of forestry tree varieties for the goal of developing big timber plantations with native species.

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Liu, Xuanyu, Wen Chen, Wenke Li, James R. Priest, Yuanyuan Fu, Kunjing Pang, Baihui Ma, et al. "Exome-Based Case-Control Analysis Highlights the Pathogenic Role of Ciliary Genes in Transposition of the Great Arteries." Circulation Research 126, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.119.315821.

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Rationale: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one of the most severe types of congenital heart diseases. Understanding the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of TGA is, therefore, urgently needed for patient management of this severe disease. However, the clinical characteristics and genetic cause underlying TGA remain largely unexplored. Objective: We sought to systematically examine the clinical characteristics and genetic cause for isolated nonsyndromic TGA. Methods and Results: We recruited 249 patients with TGA (66 family trios) and performed whole-exome sequencing. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in dextro-TGA (52.7%) and dextrocardia/mesocardia in congenitally corrected TGA (32.8%) were significantly higher than that in other subtypes. A high prevalence of bicuspid pulmonic valve (9.6%) was observed in patients with TGA. Similar results were observed in a replication group of TGA (n=132). Through a series of bioinformatics filtering steps, we obtained 82 candidate genes harboring potentially damaging de novo, loss of function, compound heterozygous, or X-linked recessive variants. Established congenital heart disease–causing genes, such as FOXH1 , were found among the list of candidate genes. A total of 19 ciliary genes harboring rare potentially damaging variants were also found; for example, DYNC2LI1 with a de novo putatively damaging variant. The enrichment of ciliary genes supports the roles of cilia in the pathogenesis of TGA. In total, 33% of the TGA probands had >1 candidate gene hit by putatively deleterious variants, suggesting that a portion of the TGA cases were probably affected by oligogenic or polygenic inheritance. Conclusions: The findings of clinical characteristic analyses have important implications for TGA patient stratification. The results of genetic analyses highlight the pathogenic role of ciliary genes and a complex genetic architecture underlying TGA.

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Serra, A., G. C. Schito, G. Nicoletti, and G. Fadda. "A Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Infections of the Upper Airways: Thiamphenicol Glycinate Acetylcysteinate in Sequential Treatment (Systemic-Inhalatory Route)." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 20, no. 3 (July 2007): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200702000319.

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Eight hundred and seventeen patients with upper respiratory tract infections were treated with thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcisteinate (TGA) or other standard antibiotics for 6–10 days in a randomised trial. In 419 out of 817 patients, the symptomatology was severe and they were treated with TGA in sequential therapy (TGA 500 mg- as thiamphenicol- b.i.d. intramuscularly on the first day and TGA 500 mg b.i.d by aerosol during the following days) (n=151), or with antibiotics of comparison (n=268) given intramuscularly. In this group the disappearance of the symptomatology with TGA ranged from 90% of the patients with otitis media to 94% in pharyngotonsillitis and rhinosinusitis; in this latter group TGA was significantly better than cefazolin. In 398 patients with mild symptomatology TGA (250 mg - as thiamphenicol- b.i.d.) was given by aerosol (n=149) and the antibiotics of comparison by oral route (n=249). In TGA patients, the disappearance of symptoms was achieved in 87% of those with rhinosinusitis, in 88% of those with pharyngotonsillitis and in 91% of those with otitis media. S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the most frequently isolated pathogens, and none of the isolated bacteria proved to be resistant to TGA. Microbiological eradication was obtained in TGA groups in a percentage of patients ranging from 90.2 to 96.0% in those with severe forms, and from 86.2 to 91.6% in those with a mild clinical picture. Investigators rated the TGA efficacy as “excellent” in 96–100% of the patients with severe forms and in 85.5%–100% of the patients with mild forms, whereas in the group of patients with rhinosinusitis the comparison of TGA versus other treatment was significantly in favour of TGA. The Investigator rating of treatment tolerability significantly favoured TGA in sequential treatments in comparison to the other antibiotics. No patient dropped out from the trial because of adverse events.

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Kondratenko, Tamara, Oleg Ovchinnikov, Irina Grevtseva, Mikhail Smirnov, Oksana Erina, Vladimir Khokhlov, Boris Darinsky, and Elena Tatianina. "Thioglycolic Acid FTIR Spectra on Ag2S Quantum Dots Interfaces." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040909.

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The mechanism features of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) passivation with thioglycolic acid molecules (TGA) for cases of different luminescent properties is considered using FTIR. This problem is considered based on FTIR spectra analysis for various ionic forms of TGA. Experimental TGA molecules FTIR spectra is interpreted, basing on the data on modeling of TGA vibrational modes, realized in the framework of density functional method (DFT /B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) taking into account the vibrations anharmonicity of every functional group. This approach provides a significant improvement in the agreement between the experimental and calculated data. FTIR spectra of Ag 2 S/TGA QDs with exciton and recombination luminescence are differ from each other and B “freeB” TGA molecules. The ν ( S − H ) TGA peak (2559 cm − 1 ) disappears in FTIR spectra of Ag 2 S/TGA QD samples. This fact indicates the interactions between TGA thiol group and dangling bonds of Ag 2 S nanocrystals. Ag 2 S QDs passivation with TGA molecules leads to emergence ν a s (COO − ) (1584 cm − 1 ) and ν s (COO − ) (1387 cm − 1 ) peaks. It indicates TGA adsorption in ionic form. For Ag 2 S/TGA QDs with exciton luminescence we observed (a) significant low-frequency shift of ν s (COO − ) peak from 1388 cm − 1 to 1359 cm − 1 and high-frequency shift of ν a s (COO − ) peak from 1567 cm − 1 to 1581 cm − 1 ; (b) change in the ratio of intensities of ν a s (COO − ) and ν s (COO − ) vibrations. This feature is caused by the change in the symmetry of TGA molecules due to passivation of Ag 2 S quantum dots.For Ag 2 S/TGA QDs with recombination luminescence, the insignificant high-frequency shift of 7–10 cm − 1 for ν a s (COO − ) at 1567 cm − 1 and low-frequency shift of 3–5 cm − 1 for ν s (COO − ) at 1388 cm − 1 , probably caused by the interaction of thiol with Ag 2 S surface is observed. Using FTIR spectra, it was found that IR luminescence photodegradation is also accompanied by changes in the thioglycolic acid molecules, which capped Ag 2 S QDs. In the case of Ag 2 S QDs with exciton luminescence, the degradation process is non-reversible. It is accompanied by TGA photodegradation with the formation of α -thiol-substituted acyl radical (S-CH 2 -CO • ) TGA.

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Dirion, Jean-Louis, Cédric Reverte, and Michel Cabassud. "Kinetic parameter estimation from TGA: Optimal design of TGA experiments." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 86, no. 6 (June 2008): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2008.02.001.

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Xu, Yecheng, Yantao Xu, Wenjie Zhu, Wei Zhang, Qiang Gao, and Jianzhang Li. "Improve the Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesives by a Polyurethane Elastomer." Polymers 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091016.

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The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesives using a polyurethane elastomer. Triglycidylamine (TGA), SPI, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), and γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) were used to develop a novel SPI-based adhesive. The residual rate, functional groups, thermal stability, and fracture surface micrographs of the cured adhesives were characterized. Three-ply plywood was fabricated, and the dry/wet shear strength was determined. The experimental results suggested that introducing 2% TGA improved the residual rate of the SPI/TGA adhesive by 4.1% because of the chemical cross-linking reaction between epoxy groups and protein molecules. Incorporating 7% TPU into the SPI/TGA adhesive, the residual rate of the adhesive increased by 5.2% and the dry/wet shear strength of plywood bonded by SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive increased by 10.7%/67.7%, respectively, compared with that of SPI/TGA adhesive. When using KH-560 and TPU together, the residual rate of the adhesive improved by 0.9% compared with that of SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive. The dry and wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by the SPI/TGA/TPU/KG-560 adhesive further increased by 23.2% and 23.6% respectively when compared with that of SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive. TPU physically combined with the SPI/TGA adhesive to form a interpenetration network and KH-560 acted as a bridge to connect TPU and SPI/TGA to form a joined crosslinking network, which improved the thermo stability/toughness of the adhesive and created a uniform ductile fracture section of the adhesive.

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Podoba, Rudolf, and Ľuboš Podobník. "Upgrading of TGA/DTA analyzer derivatograph." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 64, no. 1-2 (2012): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2012.5.

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Kazui, H., H. Tanabe, M. Ikeda, Y. Nakagawa, J. Shiraishi, and K. Hashikawa. "Memory and Cerebral Blood Flow in Cases of Transient Global Amnesia During and After the Attack." Behavioural Neurology 8, no. 2 (1995): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/514150.

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We administered various memory tests and neuroimaging examinations to four pure cases who met Hodges' clinical criteria for transient global amnesia (TGA), during and after the attack. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether procedural learning is acquired during TGA and whether priming effects are preserved during TGA, and to investigate the anatomical basis of various memory subcomponents through these cases. Episodic memory was severely disturbed only during TGA, consistent with previous studies. Procedural learning during TGA examined by a drawing skill test and a reading skill test developed by us, and the Tower of Toronto, was preserved during TGA, consistent with one earlier report dealing with procedural memory during TGA. Priming effects during TGA have never been assessed. A word completion priming task with Kanji letters developed by us demonstrated that priming effects were preserved during TGA. Neuroradiologically, single photon emission computed tomograph hippocampal images clearly revealed a hypoperfusion confined to the medial portion of the bilateral temporal lobe only during the attack. These findings indicate that the medial portion of the temporal lobe is important for episodic memory as described in previous reports, but did not play an important role in procedural memory and priming effects.

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Tan, Ya, Shi Zeng, YuShan Liu, HuaYu Tang, and BaiHua Zhao. "Doppler evaluation of the posterior cerebral artery in fetuses with transposition of great arteries." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0176.

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AbstractObjectiveTo observe Doppler ultrasound changes in the two segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).MethodsThe peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and velocity-time integral (VTI) of the two segments of PCA (the first segment: PCAS1, the second segment: PCAS2) and of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were compared in TGA fetuses and normal fetuses. The abnormality rate between the PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI was compared in TGA fetuses.ResultsThe PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI were smaller in the TGA fetuses than in the controls (all P < 0.05), but the PCAS2-PI was unchanged (P > 0.05). The MCA-VTI, PCAS1-VTI, and PCAS2-VTI were larger in the TGA fetuses (all P < 0.05). In the TGA fetuses, the abnormality rate of the PCAS1-PI was significantly higher than that of the MCA-PI (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn fetuses with TGA, there were hemodynamic differences between the two segments of the posterior cerebral arteries. Moreover, PCAS1 exhibited signs of vasodilatation more obviously than did the MCA in fetuses with TGA.

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Imperatori, Claudio, Benedetto Farina, Federico Todini, Chiara Di Blasi, Edoardo Mazzucchi, Valerio Brunetti, and Giacomo Della Marca. "Abnormal EEG Power Spectra in Acute Transient Global Amnesia: A Quantitative EEG Study." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 50, no. 3 (June 7, 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059418780780.

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Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by retrograde and anterograde amnesia without other neurological deficits. Although electroencephalography (EEG) methods are commonly used in both clinical and research setting with TGA patients, few studies have investigated neurophysiological pattern in TGA using quantitative EEG (qEEG). The main aim of the present study was to extend these previous findings by exploring EEG power spectra differences between patients with acute TGA and healthy controls using the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). EEG was recorded during 5 minutes of resting state. Sixteen patients (mean age: 66.81 ± 7.94 years) during acute TGA and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients showed hippocampal or parahippocampal signal abnormalities in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed from 2 to 5 days after the onset of TGA. Compared with healthy controls, TGA patients showed a decrease of theta power localized in the temporal lobe (Brodmann areas, BAs 21-22-38) and frontal lobe (BAs 8-9-44-45). A decrease of EEG beta power in the bilateral precuneus (BA 7) and in the bilateral postcentral gyrus (BAs 3-4-5) was also observed in TGA individuals. Taken together, our results could reflect the neurophysiological substrate of the severe impairment of both episodic memory and autobiographical memory which affect TGA patients during the acute phase.

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Engele, Leo J., Roel L. F. van der Palen, Anastasia D. Egorova, Margot M. Bartelings, Lambertus J. Wisse, Claire A. Glashan, Philippine Kiès, et al. "Cardiac Fibrosis and Innervation State in Uncorrected and Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Postmortem Histological Analysis and Systematic Review." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2023): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10040180.

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In the transposition of the great arteries (TGA), alterations in hemodynamics and oxygen saturation could result in fibrotic remodeling, but histological studies are scarce. We aimed to investigate fibrosis and innervation state in the full spectrum of TGA and correlate findings to clinical literature. Twenty-two human postmortem TGA hearts, including TGA without surgical correction (n = 8), after Mustard/Senning (n = 6), and arterial switch operation (ASO, n = 8), were studied. In newborn uncorrected TGA specimens (1 day–1.5 months), significantly more interstitial fibrosis (8.6% ± 3.0) was observed compared to control hearts (5.4% ± 0.8, p = 0.016). After the Mustard/Senning procedure, the amount of interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher (19.8% ± 5.1, p = 0.002), remarkably more in the subpulmonary left ventricle (LV) than in the systemic right ventricle (RV). In TGA-ASO, an increased amount of fibrosis was found in one adult specimen. The amount of innervation was diminished from 3 days after ASO (0.034% ± 0.017) compared to uncorrected TGA (0.082% ± 0.026, p = 0.036). In conclusion, in these selected postmortem TGA specimens, diffuse interstitial fibrosis was already present in newborn hearts, suggesting that altered oxygen saturations may already impact myocardial structure in the fetal phase. TGA-Mustard/Senning specimens showed diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the systemic RV and, remarkably, in the LV. Post-ASO, decreased uptake of nerve staining was observed, implicating (partial) myocardial denervation after ASO.

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Salvagno, Gian, Cantor Tarperi, Matteo Gelati, Martina Montagnana, Elisa Danese, Luca Festa, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Emmanuel Favaloro, Federico Schena, and Giuseppe Lippi. "Prothrombotic State Induced by Middle-Distance Endurance Exercise in Middle-Aged Athletes." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 44, no. 08 (August 17, 2018): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667115.

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AbstractSince the impact of possible prothrombotic factors on blood coagulation resulting from exercise remains elusive, this study investigated the acute effects of middle-distance endurance running on blood coagulation parameters in middle-aged athletes. The study population consisted of 33 male endurance runners who were engaged in a 21.1 km run under competitive conditions. Blood samples were collected before the run, immediately after the run, and 3 hours after run completion. Samples were assessed for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), endogenous thrombin potential (area under the curve of thrombin generation [TGA-AUC]), and peak thrombin generation (TGA-PK). Post-run variations were expressed as delta (Δ). At baseline, APTT was found to be significantly associated with ABO blood group, VWF:Ag, and FVIII; fibrinogen with age; VWF:Ag with BMI, training regimen, and ABO blood group; APTT with FVIII; FVIII with VWF:Ag and ABO blood group; APTT with VWF:Ag; and TGA-PK with ABO blood group, PT, and TGA-AUC. Immediately after the run, statistically significant increases were observed for PT, D-dimer, VWF:Ag, and FVIII, while statistically significant reductions could be observed for APTT, TGA-AUC, and TGA-PK. Fibrinogen values remained unchanged. Significant correlations were observed between Δ VWF:Ag and Δ FVIII, Δ APTT and Δ VWF:Ag, Δ APTT and Δ FVIII, Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK, and between Δ D-dimer and Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK. No Δ variation was associated with running time. The results of this study seemingly suggest that middle-distance competitive running may evoke several prothrombotic changes in blood coagulation.

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Muang-Non, Phonlakrit, K. Fremielle Lim, Anthony Katselas, and Clovia I. Holdsworth. "Molecular Imprinting Using a Functional Chain Transfer Agent." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041162.

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This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular imprinting using a functional chain transfer agent sans a functional monomer. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)-based MIPs were synthesised in the presence of thioglycolic acid (TGA) possessing a carboxylic acid group, capable of interacting with the chosen test template R,S-(±)-propranolol (PNL) and a labile S-H bond to facilitate an efficient chain transfer reaction. Quantitative 1H NMR measurements showed high PNL and TGA incorporation within the MIP, indicating an efficient chain transfer process and a favourable interaction between PNL and TGA. TGA-50, with the lowest amount of CTA, showed the largest imprinting effect and an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.1. The addition of MAA to the formulation improved the binding capacity of PNL to the MIP but also increased NIP binding, resulting in a slightly decreased IF of 1.5. The Kd for the high-affinity sites of the TGA/MAA MIP were found to be two times lower (10 ± 1 μM) than that for the high-affinity sites of the TGA-only MIPs, suggesting that the incorporation of the functional monomer MAA increases the affinity towards the PNL template. Selectivity studies, cross-reactivity as well as binary competitive and displacement assays showed the TGA-based MIPs to be highly selective towards PNL against pindolol and slightly competitive against atenolol. The morphologies of the polymers were shown to be affected by the concentration of the TGA, transforming into discrete macrospheres (from small aggregates) at a higher TGA concentration.

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Yang, Lijun, Lifen Ye, Jiangen Yu, Jianhua Li, Zewei Zhang, Qiang Shu, and Ru Lin. "Lessons learned from ECMO support in pediatric patients with D-transposition of the great arteries: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative." World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4, no. 4 (September 2021): e000273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/wjps-2021-000273.

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BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support on D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) carries formidable challenges.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on pediatric patients with D-TGA supported by ECMO from July 2007 to December 2019. This study summarized the clinical experience of ECMO support in pediatric patients with D-TGA preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.ResultsOverall, 16 children with D-TGA received ECMO support during this period. Two (2 of 16) were supported before cardiac surgery, 3 (3 of 16) were supported postoperatively in the intensive care unit, and 11 (11 of 16) failed to wean off cardiopulmonary bypass. Two cases of preoperative ECMO support for patients with D-TGA with an intact ventricular septum and restrictive atrial septum due to severe hypoxemia died. In this study, D-TGA with coronary artery malformation and other complicated deformities died (8 of 14), whereas uncomplicated D-TGA without coronary artery malformation all survived (6 of 14). The wean-off rate of ECMO patients supported in D-TGA was 62.5% (10 of 16), while the 30-day survival rate was 44% (7 of 16).ConclusionAlthough a promising ECMO weaning rate was obtained, 30-day survival of this population was frustrating, mainly attributed to the original anatomy of coronary arteries and the concomitant deformities.

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Hamouz, K., K. Pazderů, J. Lachman, M. Orsák, V. Pivec, K. Hejtmánková, JTomášek, and M. Čížek. "Effect of cultivar, flesh colour, location and year of cultivation on the glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 11 (November 4, 2014): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/596/2014-pse.

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In the three-year field trials (2009–2011) at two locations with different altitudes a total of 14 potato cultivars with different colour of flesh (yellow, white, red and purple) were grown. The content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) was determined by HPLC. TGA content ranged from 18.8 to 102.4 mg/kg fresh matter and none of the cultivars reached the value of risk to human health. Conclusive and decisive influence on the content of the TGA was recorded in genotype. Individual cultivars reached 0.47 to 1.45 of the TGA content in the control cv. Agria. In terms of the colour of the flesh the highest TGA content was found in group of red-fleshed cultivars (1.53 × higher than the average of cultivars with yellow or white flesh); while red-fleshed cv. Rote Emma reached the absolutely lowest TGA content of 14 cultivars, which confirms the decisive role of genotype. On warm, dry habitats in the lowlands a higher TGA content was observed when compared with the amount raised in a typical potato field.

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Cseh, Domonkos, Adrienn Sárközi, and Alexandra Pintér. "Early corrective surgery may prevent Baroreflex impairment in congenital heart diseases." Journal of Universal Science Online 1, no. 1 (2014): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17202/juso.2014.1.20.

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Arrhythmias in tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and transposition of the great arteries (TGA) could be the consequence of reduced baroreflex-sensitivity (BRS). Hypoxia until the first surgical correction in these patients may impair BRS. We aimed to compare the BRS of ToF, TGA and control subjects and test the effect of the timing of operation on BRS. 19 patients with ToF, 22 patients with TGA and 19 healthy controls were enrolled. Carotid pulse pressure (PPc) was similar in ToF and TGA patients but lower in controls. BRS was lower in the ToF group compared to the control or to the TGA groups. The first operation was performed later in patients with ToF than in patients with TGA. Adjustment for PPc attenuated the difference in BRS between ToF and control subjects. Adjustment for age at corrective surgery abolished the difference in BRS between the ToF and the TGA groups. In ToF patients, reduced BRS could be explained by the stiffening of central arteries and the later corrective surgery. Earlier surgical correction may prevent irreversible deterioration of baroreflex-function and arrhythmia development in ToF patients.

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Zhang, Hui, De Ren Yang, Yujie Ji, Xiang Yang Ma, Jin Xu, and Duan Ling Que. "Synthesis of One-Dimensional Chalcogenides by a Novel Hydrothermal Process." Solid State Phenomena 99-100 (July 2004): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.99-100.203.

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A TGA assisted hydrothermal process was employed to prepare chalcogenide nanorods. The different morphology of CdS nanomaterials prepared with and without the TGA assisted hydrothermal process indicates that TGA plays a critical role in controlling the nucleation and growth of CdS nanomaterials. The paper makes a preliminary presentation of the mechanisms of preparation of chalcogenide nanostructures with and without the use of the TGA assisted hydrothermal synthesis. FeS nanorods and nanoparticles have been prepared by the TGA assisted and without the TGA assisted hydrothermal process, respectively, which confirmed the proposed mechanism. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the nanorods are of orthorhombic structure, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern showed that the FeS nanorods were single crystalse. Further investigation for the synthesis of other chalcogenides will be undertaken in order to confirm the proposed mechanism.

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Sakloetsakun, D., S. Dünnhaupt, J. Barthelmes, W. Pfaller, and A. Bernkop-Schnürch. "In Situ Crosslinkable Thiolated Chitosan as Scaffold Material for Tissue Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.335.

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The scope of the study was to investigate the potential of thiolated chitosan as scaffold material for tissue engineering. Porous scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying method and stailized via disulfide bond formation. Characterizations were focused on morphological structure and degree of disulfide cross-linking. Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) were used as model cell line. Chitosan-thioglycolic acid conjugate (chitosan-TGA) displayed 624.8 ± 21.2 and 1195.9 ± 61.0 µmol thiol groups/g polymer (chitosan-TGA 625 and chitosan-TGA 1196, respectively). After 4 days of incubation, the attachment of cells on the chitosan-TGA 625 and chitosan-TGA 1196 scaffolds were 101 ± 6.36 and 157.5 ± 2.82 cells/mm2, respectively. However, RPTECs did not grow on the unmodified chitosan scaffolds. These results confirm the potential utility of chitosan-TGA as a novel candidate being used as scaffold material in tissue engineering.

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Wang, Jigang, Yong Sheng Wang, Da Wei He, Shu Lei Li, Jia Qi He, Hong Peng Wu, Hai Teng Wang, et al. "Research Based on Dependencies of Luminescent Properties of CdTe Quantum Dots with TGA as Surfactant." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.715.

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We investigated the optical characterization of luminescent thioglycolic acid (TGA) stabilized CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-QD) synthesized in water. The influence of stabilizing agents on the luminescent properties of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) was described. It is found that QDs can be synthesized easily when TGA is chosen as stabilizing agent and TGA leads to preparation of highly luminescent QDs due to the secondary effects of bonds between Cd2+ and sulfhydryl groups. The absorption wavelength and PL stability of TGA-CdTe are also characterized. Size can be controlled between 2.0 nm to 4.0 nm. The TGA-CdTe QDs prepared at 2 h reaction time possess excellent luminescent properties.

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Milburn-McNulty, Phil, and Andrew J. Larner. "Transient Global Amnesia and Brain Tumour: Chance Concurrence or Aetiological Association Case Report and Systematic Literature Review." Case Reports in Neurology 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371840.

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We report a patient presenting with episodes of transient amnesia, some with features suggestive of transient global amnesia (TGA), and some more reminiscent of transient epileptic amnesia. Investigation with neuroimaging revealed an intrinsic lesion in the right amygdala, with features suggestive of low-grade neoplasia. We undertook a systematic review of the literature on TGA and brain tumour. Fewer than 20 cases were identified, some of which did not conform to the clinical diagnostic criteria for TGA. Hence, the concurrence of brain tumour and TGA is very rare and of doubtful aetiological relevance. In some brain tumour-associated cases, epilepsy may be masquerading as TGA.

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Lu, K. V., M. F. Rohde, A. R. Thomason, W. C. Kenney, and H. S. Lu. "Mistranslation of a TGA termination codon as tryptophan in recombinant platelet-derived growth factor expressed in Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 309, no. 2 (July 15, 1995): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3090411.

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The mature 109-amino-acid human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) peptide is derived by intracellular processing from a 241-amino-acid precursor synthesized in mammalian cells, with removal of 81 N-terminal and 51 C-terminal amino acids. In order to produce directly the mature 109-amino acid PDGF-B peptide as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, a CGA codon at position 110 of a DNA sequence encoding the full-length precursor form of PDGF-B was converted into the translation termination codon TGA by in vitro mutagenesis. Expression of this DNA via a plasmid vector in E. coli resulted in production of two distinct PDGF-B proteins having apparent molecular masses of 15 and 19 kDa, with the latter species predominating. Structural characterization employing N- and C-terminal amino acid sequencing and MS analyses indicated that the 15 kDa protein is the expected 109-amino-acid PDGF-B, and that the 19 kDa protein represents a C-terminal extended PDGF-B containing 160 amino acids. Characterization of a unique tryptic peptide derived from the 19 kDa protein revealed that this longer form of PDGF-B results from mistranslation of the introduced TGA termination codon at position 110 as tryptophan, with translation subsequently proceeding to the naturally occurring TAG termination codon at position 161. Owing to the high rate of translation readthrough of TGA codons in this and occasionally other proteins, it appears that the use of TGA as a translation termination codon for proteins to be expressed in E. coli should be avoided when possible.

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Kheiwa, Ahmed, Ian S. Harris, and Padmini Varadarajan. "Echocardiographic differences between D‐TGA and L‐TGA in adult patients." Echocardiography 37, no. 12 (December 2020): 2211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/echo.14526.

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Skreiberg, A., Ø. Skreiberg, J. Sandquist, and L. Sørum. "TGA and macro-TGA characterisation of biomass fuels and fuel mixtures." Fuel 90, no. 6 (June 2011): 2182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.012.

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Gauksdóttir, Auður, and Ólafur Árni Sveinsson. "Transient Global Amnesia in the Reykjavik area." Læknablaðið 108, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2022.11.715.

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BACKGROUND: Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is a benign syndrome characterized by sudden anterograde memory loss, that resolves spontaneously within 24 hours. TGA appears without other focal neurological symptoms. The aim of this study was to study TGA in the greater Reykjavik-area. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical history of patients with a diagnosis of TGA (ICD-10 G45.4) at the University Hospital in Iceland in 2010-2021. Medical records were reviewed, and information about year and age at diagnosis, sex, symptoms, precipitating events, imaging results and risk factors were collected. Statistical processing was performed with Excel and Rstudio. RESULTS: Overall, 348 attacks of TGA were identified with a mean frequency of 29 attacks/year, where 9.9% had an earlier history of TGA. The mean age was 64.1, with 50% of subjects between 58-70 years old. The sex distribution was equal (49.9% female). Possible precipitating events were found in 53.7% of cases, with physical activity being the most common one (24.4%), followed by sudden temperature change and emotional stress. In 96% of patients a computerized tomography was performed (no sign of acute changes were found), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 36.2% of cases. MRI showed restricted diffusion in the hippocampal area in 10.3% of cases. DISCUSSION: TGA is not a rare but a benign syndrome. Our findings regarding age, sex distribution and precipitating events were in accordance with other studies. TGA is thought to result from a temporary hippocampal dysfunction supported by the clinical presentation and MRI findings. The cause of TGA is however still unknown.

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Rogalewski, Andreas, Anne Beyer, Anja Friedrich, Frédéric Zuhorn, Randolf Klingebiel, Friedrich G. Woermann, Sabine Oertelt-Prigione, and Wolf-Rüdiger Schäbitz. "Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Sex-Specific Differences in Blood Pressure and Cerebral Microangiopathy in Patients with TGA." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 5803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195803.

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Transient global amnesia (TGA) is defined by an acute memory disturbance of unclear aetiology for a period of less than 24 h. Observed psychological, neuroanatomical and hormonal differences between the sexes in episodic memory suggest sex-specific differences in memory disorders such as TGA. The aim of this study was to determine sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk profiles, recurrences and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 372 hospitalised TGA patients between 01/2011 and 10/2021 were retrospectively analysed. Comparisons were made between female and male TGA patients and compared to 216 patients with acute stroke. In our sample, women were overrepresented (61.8%), especially compared to the general population in the 65–74 age category (χ2 = 10.6, p < 0.02). On admission, female TGA patients had significantly higher systolic blood pressure values and a higher degree of cerebral microangiopathy compared to male TGA patients, whereas acute stroke patients did not. No sex-specific differences were observed with respect to recurrences or hippocampal DWI lesions. Our data demonstrate sex-specific differences in TGA. The higher blood pressure on admission and different degree of cerebral microangiopathy in female TGA patients supports the theory of blood pressure dysregulation as a disease trigger. Distinct precipitating events in female and male patients could lead to differences in the severity and duration of blood pressure abnormalities, possibly explaining the higher incidence in female patients.

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Akhil Mehrotra, Faiz Illahi Siddiqui, Ujala Shakya, and Mohammad Shaban. "Echocardiographic imaging of neonatal transposition of great arteries: Rare case report and review of literature." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.18.1.0164.

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Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital conotruncal abnormality characterized by discordant connections between the ventricles and great arteries, with the aorta originating from the right ventricle (RV), and the pulmonary artery (PA) originating from the left ventricle (LV). The two main types of TGA are complete transposition or dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA), commonly referred to as D-loop, and congenitally corrected transposition (CCTGA), commonly referred to as L-loop or L-TGA. In D-TGA, the connections between the ventricles and atria are concordant, whereas in CCTGA they are discordant, with the left atrium connected to the RV, and the right atrium connected to the LV. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of TGA, both before and after surgery, for helping define the anatomy, quantify hemodynamics, and evaluate complications. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for pre-surgical planning in children with TGA. MRI provides comprehensive morphologic and functional information, particularly in adults after surgery. CT is performed when MRI is contraindicated or expected to generate artifacts. We are reporting an extremely rare and unique case of 25-day old male neonate, suffering from TGA with a side to side alignment of great arteries, accompanied by a moderate sized restrictive atrial septal defect (ASD) and an ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA).

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Batista, Thaís Resende, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Ana Paula Ferreira Silva, Wander Valadares de Oliveira Junior, Chams Bicalho Maluf, Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Maria das Graças Carvalho, Roberta Carvalho de Figueiredo, and Danyelle Romana Alves Rios. "Association between the use of female hormones and the thrombin generation: Cross-sectional analysis of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (August 3, 2021): e12910917888. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17888.

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Introduction: The thrombin generation assay (TGA) assesses the risk of developing thrombotic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone therapy (HT) with the TGA and resistance to activated protein C (APC). Methods: Cross-sectional study with women from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). TGA was performed by the CAT method. Results: There was an association between all parameters of the TGA and the use of OCs and an association of lag time and peak time with the use of HT. Conclusion: The TGA allows us to assess the hypercoagulability status and may be useful in the management of female hormones users.

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Zhao, Zhiyuan, Dongmei Miao, Kathleen Waugh, Iman Taki, Fran Dong, Edwin Liu, Marian Rewers, Yu Liu, and Liping Yu. "Higher Sensitivity and Earlier Identification of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity by a Nonradioactive Assay for Transglutaminase Autoantibodies." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2904563.

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Higher sensitive transglutaminase autoantibody (TGA) assay will detect the onset of celiac disease (CD) autoimmunity earlier. In developing a nonradioactive assay for TGA, we utilized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology and compared it to a high-performance radioimmunoassay (RIA) currently being used to screen patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and genetically at-risk individuals for CD. We selected 183 T1D patients with 60 patients having received biopsy and analyzed 396 sequential samples from 73 young children longitudinally followed up with TGA seroconversion, with 27 undergoing biopsy. In addition, 112 age-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. With the 99th percentile of specificity, the ECL assay detected significantly more TGA positivity among patients with T1D (133/183) than RIA (114/183) and more of the sequential samples (34%) from 73 children than RIA (18%). The TGA assay performed by ECL was positive in all 59 subjects with villous atrophy. Among 73 longitudinally followed up children, ECL assay had earlier detection of TGA on 34 children by a mean of 2.5 years. In conclusion, the new TGA assay by ECL has a higher sensitivity than the current RIA assay and may better predict the onset of CD.

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Choi, Seulgi, Soo Ji Yoon, Soo Im Jang, Saenal Lee, Ji Yoon Ann, Eun Ja Lee, Sung-Ho Woo, Kwang Ki Kim, and Hang-Rai Kim. "Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Manifested as Transient Global Amnesia." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 42, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2023.0060.

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Unruptured dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) manifests various symptoms including exophthalmos, headache, tinnitus, and retro-orbital pain. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome of reversible anterograde amnesia. Here, we report a 62-year-old woman with dAVF, manifested as TGA. This case emphasized that the clinicians should stay vigilance to the organic cause of TGA, especially in those complaining other symptoms besides amnesia such as pulsatile tinnitus and headache. Furthermore, our case supports a hypothetical patho-mechanism of venous congestion for TGA.

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Van, Le Thanh Khanh, Le Quoc Dat, Hoang Ngoc Vi, Doan Van Phung, and Bui Quoc Thang. "Rastelli procedure in transposition of the great arteries associated with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis: A report of 3 consecutive cases in Cho Ray hospital." Tạp chí Phẫu thuật Tim mạch và Lồng ngực Việt Nam 38 (July 28, 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47972/vjcts.v38i.785.

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Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a complex cyanotic congenital heart disease, and only 10% of children with TGA can be alive through infancy. Rastelli operation is a standard surgical method for patient with TGA associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis (PS). The aim of this report was to show short-term outcome of Rastelli operation in TGA; 3 patients (aged from 3 months to 4 years) were diagnosed TGA, VSD, atrial septal defect (ASD) and PS (2 severe pulmonary stenosis, 1 pulmonary atresia) with cyanosis, failure to thrive, baseline oxygen saturation values of 62% to 75%. All of 3 was performed Rastelli procedure and hospital discharged after 14 – 17 days postoperatively with saturation > 95%, no early complication, reoperation or death. Rastelli procedure in TGA associated with VSD, ASD and PS is initially well performed at the department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cho Ray hospital with satisfactory short-time outcome

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Journal articles on the topic 'TGA'

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