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Ruloff, Karl. "Formgebung angiopolarer Zellträger nach dem TGA-Verfahren /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13893.
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Hoffman, Roland. "Measuring ΔH Using DSC, TGA & DTA." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2500.
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The purpose of this study was to obtain greater accuracy in the measurement of the heat of reaction by combining data from various thermal analysis techniques. Conventional equations that calculate heat of reaction are limited because they do not take in to account mass change. Therefore, an enhanced equation was developed to integrate mass (weight) change to provide greater accuracy. The path chosen to implement this new equation employed simultaneous Thermogravimetric / Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) that could provide both ΔT and weight data simultaneously. Computer programs were written in C and Pascal languages to provide communication capabilities between computers and to calculate heat of reaction using various equations. This included a qualitative to quantitative (ΔT to ΔH) conversion which was performed to the DTA data file to which the enhanced equation was applied. Various samples were used to test and monitor the performance of the developed equations.
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Jerjini, Mehdi. "Etude des propriétés magnétiques des composés TGa avec T." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606248c.
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Kuthadi, Sandeep Kumar. "Laboratory Scale Study of Calcium Sulfate Hydration Forms." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1467.
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This research is part of an ongoing project to create gypsum wallboards with enhanced fire resistance. The main goal of this research is to better understand the dehydration properties of calcium sulfate dihydrate, and the hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate as well as anhydrous calcium sulfate. The lab-scale kinetics of these processes were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and sorption analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the products from different processes. In addition to the instrumental studies, small batches were handled in ovens and liquid slurries to better mimic the real world processing of these materials. The effects of temperature, time and humidity were investigated to determine their influence on the kinetics of dehydration/hydration of different hydration forms of calcium sulfate.
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Šilhánková, Lenka. "Vývoj metody pro semikvantitativní stanovení mikroplastů v půdách metodou TGA-MS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376860.
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Plasty, pronikající do životního prostředí ať už neúmyslně či záměrně, mohou být fragmentovány za vzniku částic v řádu mikrometrů (tzv. mikroplastů) a znečišťovat tak půdní systémy. Doposud vyvinuté analýzy pro stanovení mikroplastů v půdách jsou především zaměřeny na kvalitativní stanovení, nicméně i jejich provedení se zatím stále potýká s různými úskalími. Navíc, téměř všechny tyto analýzy vyžadují časově náročnou předúpravu vzorku. V této studii jsme se zaměřili na vývoj nové analytické metody pro kvantitativní stanovení mikroplastů polyvinylchloridu (PVC) a polystyrenu (PS) v půdách bez předchozí úpravy vzorku pomocí termogravimetrické analýzy spojené s hmotnostní spektrometrií (TGA-MS). Pro analýzu byly použity vzorky modelové půdy s nízkým obsahem organického uhlíku, které byly spikovány na výslednou koncentraci 0,23–7 hm% PVC či PS. Vzorky byly pyrolyzovány s teplotním krokem 5 K min–1 až na teplotu 1000 °C. Pyrolýzní plynné produkty byly následně analyzovány s využitím hmotnostního spektrometru. Získaná data byla normalizována pomocí externího standardu (šťavelan vápenatý). Limity detekce se pohybovaly v rozmezí 0,08–5,3 hm% pro PVC a 0,005–0,7 hm% pro PS v závislosti na zvoleném m/z. Limity kvantifikace pak byly 0,3–17,7 hm% pro PVC a 0,002–2,2 hm% pro PS. Výsledky dokazují, že spojení TGA-MS může být konkurující semikvantitativní metodou pro stanovení mikro-PVC a mikro-PS v půdě s nízkým obsahem organického uhlíku.
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Martin, Brandon Ray. "Pyrolysis and ignition behavior of coal, cattle biomass, and coal/cattle biomass blends." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1148.
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Ritzka, Yvonne. "Untersuchungen zum Abbrandverhalten von Holz- und Spanplattenproben mit einer TGA-FTIR-Kopplung." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=955274982.
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Gundogar, Sati Asli. "Thermal Characterization And Kinetics Of Crude Oils By Tga And Dsc Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611502/index.pdf.
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In recent years, the application of thermal analysis to study the combustion and pyrolysis behavior of fossil fuels has gained a wide acceptance because of its significance for industry and economy. In this thesis, the thermal and kinetic analysis of different origin crude oil samples are performed by two well-known thermal analysis techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The investigation of combustion and pyrolysis behaviors, kinetic analysis of oil samples and the determination of heating rate effect are the main objectives of this study. Six different crude oils from the Southeastern region of Turkey are analyzed throughout the study. All experiments are performed at different heating rates (5, 10 and 15ºC/min) and air is used for combustion and nitrogen for pyrolysis experiments. In combustion experiments, TGA and DSC techniques indicate that the combustion process of crude oils studied is composed of two main reaction regions. These are low-temperature (LTO) and high-temperature oxidation (HTO) regions. In LTO, huge mass loss occurs (from 69 to 87 %) due to high amount of free moisture and volatile hydrocarbons contained in oil samples. Combustion reactions continue up to 900 K. On DSC curves, two exothermic regions of oxidation regimes are detected. Comparing TG/DTG and DSC curves, it can be understood that the mass loss under combustion is accompanied by exothermic peaks because of the oxidative degradation of crude oil components. As in combustion, two distinct reaction regions are revealed under pyrolysis for all samples. The first region indicates distillation and the second one is due to thermal cracking reactions occur at high temperatures and completed up to 840 K. As expected, lighter crude oils have relatively higher amounts of mass loss in distillation region as compared to heavier ones. Besides, residue amount and burn-out temperatures are higher for heavier oils with higher asphaltene content in cracking region. DSC curves for both reactions show endothermic effects. In combustion and pyrolysis experiments, it is noticed that higher heating rates are resulted in higher reaction regions. Distinguishing peaks of samples shift to higher temperatures with an increase in heating rate. Heat of reaction amount under DSC curves is related to asphaltene content and &
#730
API gravity of crude oils. It is deduced that, when &
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API gravity of crude oils decreases, the heat value of this reaction increases. The kinetic parameters are evaluated by different kinetic models and mean activation energies (Em) of samples are obtained. At the end, a correlation is established between Em and &
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API gravity of oil samples. It is concluded that heavier oils have higher activation energy and Arrhenius constant values for each reaction region. Besides, it is proved that the activation energy is mostly insensitive to the heating rate.
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Corrales, Sanchez Tachmajal Marie. "TGA-MS studies of the pyrolysis of corn stover for charcoal production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105030.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-64).
More than two billion people worldwide rely on wood-based fuels for their daily energy needs, which can produce toxic atmospheric contaminants and cause environmental degradation. MIT D-Lab addresses this challenge with "Fuel from the Fields", a simple technique for making charcoal from agricultural waste. In this work, Themogravimetric analysis combined with online mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) was used to study the pyrolysis of corn agricultural waste with the aim of improving understanding of the carbonization process. Non-isothermal mass loss data from TGA was obtained for three types of corn waste, cobs, husks, and stalks; and used to calculate proximate analysis in terms of moisture, volatile matter, and charcoal content. TGA-MS data for the three materials was used to understand the emissions of H20, CO, H2S and C4H2 as a function of temperature. Activation energy, Ea, and pre-exponential factor, A, were calculated using the first order global single reaction model for corn cobs and husks. TG-DTG data suggested that corn cobs are better suited feedstocks for charcoal production. Mass Spectroscopy was found to successfully characterize emissions. For corn cobs, A = 1.3. 105 s-1 and E, = 88.6 kJ/mol, while for husks A = 5.2. 105 s-1 and Ea = 96.4 kJ/mol. Based on this work, a carbonization burn timeline worksheet was created to aid monitoring of char yield in the field.
by Tachmajal Marie Corrales Sanchez.
S.B.
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Retief, Liezel. "Analysis of vegetable oils, seeds and beans by TGA and NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6831.
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Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to the commercial, nutritional and health value of vegetable oils, seeds and beans, the analysis of their components is of much interest. In this dissertation oil-containing food products, specifically vegetable oils, seeds and beans, were investigated. Selected minor components of three locally produced vegetable oils, namely apricot kernel, avocado pear and macadamia nut oils were investigated using 31P NMR spectroscopy. These minor components, including 1,2 diacylglycerols, 1,3 diacylglycerols and free fatty acids, were identified in the 31P NMR spectra of each of the three vegetable oils for the first time. Two approaches were used for the quantification of the minor components present in the spectra. A calibration curve approach used known concentrations of standard minor components to establish calibration curves while a direct correlation approach calculated the unknown concentration of minor components in the vegetable oils using a known amount of standard compound within the analysis solution. These approaches aided in determining the concentration of minor components during storage studies in which vegetable oils were stored in five different ways: exposed to light, in a cupboard, in a cupboard wrapped in tin foil, at -8 °C and at 5 °C. It was found that determining the best storage condition for each oil was difficult since individual minor components were affected differently by the various storage conditions. However, in general the best storage conditions appeared to be 5 °C and -8 °C. The oil, protein and carbohydrate contents of sesame, sunflower, poppy, and pumpkin seeds, and soy, mung, black and kidney beans were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis and 13C NMR solid state NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the first derivative of TGA data for seeds and beans can give valuable information about the carbohydrate, moisture, protein and fat content. This has not been previously demonstrated. For the seeds, the integration of a region between 270–480 ºC was equal to the sum of the oil and protein content and compared well to quantitative results obtained by other conventional methods. For beans the integration of a region between 180-590 ºC, gave a value which represented the sum of the oil, protein and carbohydrate content. 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy, including SPE-MAS, CP-MAS and variable contact time experiments, was carried out on these seeds and beans and gave valuable information on the solid-like and liquid-like components. To our knowledge these seeds and beans have never been previously analysed using this technique. 13C SPE-MAS NMR spectroscopy indicated that the seeds contained more liquid-like components than the beans. In turn the 13C CP-MAS NMR spectra indicated that beans had higher levels of solid-like components than the seeds. These conclusions correlated well with the quantities of liquid-like components and solid-like components that were determined by conventional methods and TGA. Preliminary studies using T1pH experiments on the components present in the seeds and beans led to a few observations. Most interesting is that a model using a two- phase fit in order to determine T1pH values appears to be more accurate than a one-phase model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groente olies, sade en bone is ‘n onderwerp van groot belang omrede hul kommersiële, voeding en gesondheidswaardes. In hierdie tesis is olie-bevattende voedselprodukte, spesifiek groente-olies, sade en bone geanaliseer. Geselekteerde komponente teenwoordig in klein hoeveelhede in drie lokaal geproduseerde groente-olies, naamlik appelkoos-pit, avokadopeer en makadamia-neut olies is geanaliseer met behulp van 31P KMR spektroskopie. Hierdie komponente, insluitend 1,2 diasielglyserole, 1,3 diasielglyserole en ongebonde vetsure, is vir die eerste keer geïdentifiseer in die 31P KMR spektra van die drie groente olies. Twee benaderings is gebruik vir die hoeveelheids-bepaling van die komponente in die spektra. ‘n Yking-kurwe metode het gebruik gemaak van bekende hoeveelhede konsentrasies standaard komponente vir die opstel van yking-kurwes, terwyl ‘n direkte korrelasie metode gebruik is om die onbekende konsentrasie van komponente in groente olies te bepaal met behulp van ‘n bekende hoeveelheid standaard verbinding teenwoordig in die oplossing. Hierdie metodes het gelei tot die bepaling van die konsentrasies van die komponente gedurende vyf verskillende berging toestande wat ingesluit het: Blootgestel aan lig, in ‘n donker kas, in ‘n donker kas toegevou in tin foelie, bevries by -8 °C en in ’n koelkas by 5 °C. Dit was bevind dat bepaling van die beste bergingstoestand vir elke olie moeilik is aangesien die individuele komponente verskillend geaffekteer word deur die verskeie berging toestande. Die beste bergings toestand oor die algemeen blyk egter om by 5 °C en -8 °C te wees. Sesamsaad, sonneblomsaad, papawersaad en pampoensaad sowel as sojaboontjie, mungboontjie, swartboontjie en pronkboontjie se olie, protein en koolhidraat komponente was geanaliseer met behulp van termogravimetriese analise (TGA) en 13C soliede toestand KMR spektroskopie. Dit was bevind dat die eerste afgeleide van die TGA data waardevolle inligting lewer oor die komponent inhoud van elk van die sade en bone. Hierdie is nog nie vantevore bevind nie. Vir die sade, was die integrasie van ‘n area tussen 270–480 ºC gelyk aan die som van die olie en proteïen inhoud en het goed vergelyk met die waardes verky deur algemene analitiese metodes. Vir die boontjies, was die integrasie van ‘n area tussen 180-590 ºC gelyk aan die som van die olie, protein en koolhidraat inhoud. 13C vaste staat KMR spektroskopie, insluitende SPE-MAS, CP-MAS en variëerbare kontak-tyd eksperimente, was gedoen en het waardevolle inligting gelewer omtrent die solied-agtige en mobiel-agtige komponente. Hierdie sade en bone is tot ons kennis nog nie van te vore met die tegnieke ondersoek nie. 13C SPE-MAS NMR spektroskopie het aangedui dat daar ‘n groter hoeveelheid mobiel-agtige komponente in sade as in bone teenwoordig is. 13C CP-MAS NMR spektroskopie het weer aangedui dat daar ‘n groter hoeveelheid solied-agtige komponente in bone as in sade teenwoordig is. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings het goed vergelyk met die waarnemings verkry deur konvensionele analitiese metodes en TGA. Voorlopige studies op die komponente van sade en bone deur T1pH eksperimente het tot ‘n paar gevolgtrekkings gelei waarvan die mees interessantste was dat ‘n twee-fase model vir die bepaling van T1pH waardes beter resultate lewer as ‘n een-fase model.
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Tejan-Kella, Alphan. "Pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards paediatric cough and cold management post TGA recommendations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11483.
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The efficacy and safety of paediatric cough and cold medicines have come under intense scrutiny in several countries including Australia. After issuing the 2009 advisory against the use of cough and cold medicines in children under 2 years, on September 1, 2012, the labelling of cough and cold medicines in children assumed a new status in Australia restricting their use in children less than six years of age. However, no study was conducted in Australia to evaluate the opinion and behaviour of pharmacists regarding this new advisory. This study consisted of a web-based questionnaire sent to members of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia evaluating their behaviour towards the regulatory advisories against the use of cough and cold medicines in children below the age of six years and focused on knowledge, belief and comfort in recommending these medicines for children in this age range. The majority of pharmacists in this study reported that they use alternative strategies to cough cold medicines when handling request for children with minor ailments in line with current recommendations. Many pharmacists however do perceive these medicines to be safe and effective which could lead to conflicts in their beliefs and the current guidelines surrounding product supply.
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Oberg, Suárez Héctor Francisco. "Resistencia a la Oxidación/Corrosión del Cobre Recubierto con Compuestos de Titanio Mediante Doble Plasma." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103023.
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Atem-Tambe, Ntoh. "Characterization of Fluoropolymer Powders Made By Supercritical Assisted Mixing With Crystalline Additives." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1365.
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This research project investigates a new technique to efficiently mix crystalline solid additives with polymers by gentle ball milling with steel balls in the presence of carbon dioxide (C02) at 17 to 30°C and 1300 to 2500 psig. As the ball milling system is agitated, the steel balls transfer mechanical energy to the fluoropolymer and additive thereby converting them to powders. C02 is added into the chamber to expand the polymer and make it amenable to impregnation by the additive. At the end of the mixing process, a free flowing powder is produced consisting of the additive coated with fluoropolymer. The additives were extracted from the powders and intrinsic viscosity measurements were done on the remnant fluoropolymer. Viscosity studies showed that the virgin and post-ball milled fluoropolymers had similar intrinsic viscosities, hence similar molecular weights within experimental error limits. This implies that most of the polymer chains were simply disentangled during the mixing process and not broken. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were done on the virgin polymer, the additives and the fabricated powders to determine the loading levels and to ascertain if there were any changes to the physical properties of the polymer. Scanning electron micrographs showed that some of the powder particles had additive particles stuck on the surface, but when these additives were washed off the surface of the powders with a suitable solvent that did not dissolve the polymer, DSC analysis showed the presence of additive incorporated into the polymer matrix.
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Bergeault, Karine. "Identification de deux gènes NPR1chez les VITACEAE, analyse de leur diversité de séquences et interactions avec les facteurs de transcription VvTGA." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769928.
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La vigne est soumise à de nombreuses maladies impliquant l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires en grande quantité dont l'utilisation est néfaste pour l'environnement et la santé des utilisateurs. Un enjeu est donc de développer des méthodes alternatives à la lutte chimique. La protéine codée par le gène NPR1 (Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1) joue un rôle clef dans la résistance à large spectre chez les plantes. Des éliciteurs tels que l'acide salicylique ou des agents pathogènes influencent l'activation de NPR1 dans le cytoplasme. La translocation de NPRl dans le noyau et son interaction avec des facteurs de transcription TGA induit l'expression des gênes PR (Pathogenesis-related). Nous avons identifié sept homologues potentiels des gènes NPR1 et TGA chez Vitis vinifera (VvNPR1.1, VvNPR1.2, VvTGA1 à 5). L'étude de la diversité de séquences dans les exons de 15 accessions de Vitaceae indique qu'ils sont soumis à une forte pression de sélection purificatrice. De plus, l'analyse in silico des régions promotrices des VvNPR1 montre la présence, d'éléments cis-régulateurs potentiels, en réponse aux stress biotiques et abiotiques ainsi que des motifs de liaison à des facteurs de transcription. Une étude plus poussée des introns montre quelques éléments transposables et un faible polymorphisme dans six accessions de Vitis vinifera. Ces résultats argumentent en faveur d'une pression de sélection forte agissant sur ces gènes. Ceci nous a mené à formuler des hypothèses fonctionnelles et à réaliser une étude d'interaction avec les facteurs de transcription VvTGA1 et VvTGA4 par la technique du double hybride. Ces derniers n'interagissent pas avec VvNPR 1.1.
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Le, Tan. "Kemin bakom framtidens avgasrening : En studie av ureasönderfall under kvävgasatmosfär." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialkemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155896.
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The purpose of this work was to provide a better understanding of urea’s decomposition and byproduct formation in an SCR system on heavy trucks. In my experimental setup with TGA-DSC-FTIR (a combination of two thermal analysis methods and a method for gas phase detection), an FTIR method for urea in the gas phase was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of urea and its decomposition products. Chemicals such as urea, biuret, cyanuric acid and melamine of p.a. quality were used in this method development. Beforehand, there was no FTIR method available to detect these substances; hence, the aim of this work was to develop an FTIR method to understand the degradation chain of urea. The combination of TGA and DSC was used for analysis of different samples, where urea, biuret, cyanuric acid and melamine in varying amounts have been weighted in for various experiments in order to study the temperature at which a phase transition or reaction occurs, i.e. the temperature at which substances begin to melt, vaporize, decompose and react. In combination with FTIR, information was obtained for the appearance of substances at various temperatures. With FTIR, we have been able to develop unique infrared spectra of substances and along with weight loss in TGA the calibration of different substances has been achieved. These calibrations have been combined together to develop an FTIR method, which has been used for detection of the substances in the ongoing study of the reaction pathways. In this study we also investigated the degradation chain of urea in the presence of metals. Austenitic and ferritic silencer materials with different surface roughness were analyzed to study whether the metals have a catalytic function or effect on the byproduct formation. Those experiments have shown that a higher amount of urea was decomposed in contact with metal surface, i.e. a larger amount of NH3 and HNCO was formed. Biuret studies in the presence of metals appeared to give a higher formation of urea over the rougher surfaces (a larger amount of biuret was decomposed over the rougher surfaces), while experiments with cyanuric acid revealed a higher HNCO formation over ferrite than over austenite, i.e. a larger amount of cyanuric acid was decomposed. By the chosen method, used in FTIR in combination with TGA-DSC, the following important reactions have been demonstrated: Biuret decomposed to urea and HNCO; Urea decomposed into HNCO and NH3; formation of cyanuric acid from the decompositions of urea and biuret and finally decomposition of cyanuric acid into HNCO at a higher temperature.
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Ahmad, Yousef. "Oxidation of Graphite and Metallurgical Coke : A Numerical Study with an Experimental Approach." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193604.
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At the royal institute of technology (KTH) in the department of applied process metallurgy, a novel modelling approach has been developed which allows a dynamic coupling between the commercial thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc and the commercial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software Ansys Fluent, only referred to as Fluent in the study. The dynamic coupling approach is used to provide numerical CFD-models with thermodynamic data for the thermo-physical properties and for the fluid-fluid chemical reactions occurring in metallurgical processes. The main assumption forthe dynamic coupling approach is the existence of local equilibrium in each computational cell. By assuming local equilibrium in each computational cell it is possible to use thermodynamic data from thermodynamic databases instead of kinetic data to numerically simulate chemical reactions. The dynamic coupling approach has been used by previous studies to numerically simulate chemical reactions in metallurgical processes with good results. In order to validate the dynamic coupling approach further, experimental data is required regarding surface reactions. In this study, a graphiteand metallurgical coke oxidation experimental setup was suggested in order to provide the needed experimental data. With the experimental data, the ability of the dynamic couplings approach to numerically predict the outcome of surface reactions can be tested.By reviewing the literature, the main experimental apparatus suggested for the oxidationexperiments was a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The TGA can provide experimental data regarding the reaction rate, kinetic parameters and mass loss as a function of both temperature and time. An experimental setup and procedure were also suggested.In order to test the ability of Fluent to numerically predict the outcome of surface reactions, without any implementation of thermodynamic data from Thermo-Calc, a benchmarking has been conducted. Fluent is benchmarked against graphite oxidation experiments conducted by Kim and No from the Korean advanced institute of science and technology (KAIST). The experimental graphite oxidation rates were compared with the numerically calculated graphite oxidation rates obtained from Fluent. A good match between the experimental graphite oxidation rates and the numerically calculated graphite oxidation rates were obtained. A parameter study was also conducted in order to study the effect of mass diffusion, gas flow rate and the kinetic parameters on the numerically calculated graphite oxidation rate. The results of the parameter study were partially supported by previous graphite oxidation studies. Thus, Fluent proved to be a sufficient numerical tool for numerically predicting the outcome of surface reactions regarding graphite oxidation at zero burn-off degree.
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Engel, Konstanze [Verfasser]. "Langzeit Follow-Up nach Mustard- und Senning-Operation bei Patienten mit d-TGA / Konstanze Engel." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206182644/34.
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Tita, Bertrand Asongwe. "Waste-to-Energy : A study on Reaction Kinetics of Tropical Wood Sawdust." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-9746.
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The reaction kinetics of Iroko and Mahogany were studied using TGA. The pyrolysis process was achieved using six different heating rates of 2,5,8,12,15 and 20˚C. A 15˚C/min heating rate was used for gasification in steam at different temperatures while varying the concentrations of nitrogen and steam in the process. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and pre exponential factor, were obtained by implementing two chosen kinetic models. These models are: Friedman’s Iso-conversional Method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa Method (FWO). There were substantial differences in the values of the kinetic triplets found from the experiments. Due to the substantial differences in the values, it was not the best way to perform this kind of analysis (which is the traditional way) but instead to use pure regression analysis; but using it for the whole data set (that means for all heating rates) and minimize the difference with experimental data.
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Norman, Rachel L. "Incorporation of nickel into synthetic goethites and the stabilisation of mineral precursor phases : implications for natural systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16209.
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Over 70% of the Earth s economically recoverable nickel (Ni) resides in laterite ore deposits, however they account for less than half of the current global nickel production. During laterization, nickel and other soluble ions are taken into solution before re-precipitating within iron oxide minerals in the limonite zone, or as serpentines and other phyllosilicates in the layers below this zone. It is these laterite deposits that show the greatest potential for low energy, environmentally conscious processing. The major host of nickel in the limonite zone is the iron-oxyhydroxide mineral goethite, α-FeOOH, where up to 4 mol% Ni has been reported in natural specimens, and even higher levels in synthetic samples (5.5 mol%). The Ni is assumed to be incorporated in the crystal structure of the goethite, but previous characterisation work only demonstrated a weak to moderate correlation of mineral structure change with the nickel content in goethite. Mining companies working on the extraction and recovery of nickel from the limonite zone of lateritic deposits have noticed that the ease with which nickel can be extracted varies greatly; goethite rich ores that appear to have similar mineralogies/geologies can display extreme variation in their leachability. It is not clear why the ores behave in this way, but in order for extraction techniques and subsequent recovery of nickel to be improved, the reasons behind this variability need to be understood. The lateritic ore materials from which nickel is extracted are generally made up of a number of different mineral phases. The multiphase nature of the samples means that characterisation of the goethite-type phases from these materials is challenging. To simplify the system and allow the association of Ni into goethite and/or other iron oxyhydroxide phases to be studied in a controlled environment, a synthetic study was carried out. Ni-bearing goethites have been synthesised at a series of different temperatures and characterised by a range of analytical techniques including PXRD, IR, Raman, TGA, ICP-OES, SEM and TEM. It was found that a second phase, ferrihydrite, co-existed with the goethites, the proportion of which increased at lower synthesis temperatures and with increasing amounts of Ni. Ferrihydrite is known to be a precursor phase in the formation of goethite, but its poorly crystalline nature makes it difficult to identify using standard characterisation techniques such as PXRD. The introduction of Ni to the system increases the stability of the ferrihydrite phase, inhibiting its transformation to goethite. It is believed that some of the Ni thought to be incorporated into goethite could actually reside in an undetected ferrihydrite phase, which could account for the differences observed in the leachability of natural materials. Characterisation techniques were investigated to try and determine a simple way to identify ferrihydrite in these systems, which could ideally be used in the field to identify the presence of ferrihydrite in goethite rich ore materials. Thermal analysis proved to be particularly promising as a technique which could be used to identify ferrihydrite rich deposits before extraction, enabling the most efficient and environmentally conscious metal recovery process for each deposit to be identified. In order to investigate the way in which Ni partitions itself between structural incorporation into goethite and association with a secondary ferrihydrite phase, a new washing technique was developed using EDTA, which is capable of selectively removing the ferrihydrite phase whilst leaving the goethite intact. This investigation suggests that a maximum of ~2.5 mol% of Ni is structurally incorporated into goethite, regardless of how much is added during the synthesis. Any excess nickel, above that which is substituted into the goethite structure, was found to be associated with the poorly crystalline ferrihydrite phase. Despite being considered a metastable phase, the increased stability of ferrihydrite resulting from the presence of Ni suggests that it may persist in laterite deposits within geological systems. If ferrihydrite is indeed present in nickeliferous laterites, it may be a significant host for Ni, and potentially many other critical elements. Based on the methodology developed whilst studying synthetic samples, a characterisation program for materials from lateritic ore deposits was conducted to investigate the presence of ferrihydrite in natural systems. From the research presented and discussed in this thesis, proof of the presence or absence of ferrihydrite in laterite systems, causing variations in the leachability of the ore materials, could not be conclusively established. The thermal analysis technique developed here successfully identified and quantified ferrihydrite in the presence of goethite in synthetic systems, and showed great potential when used to characterise the lateritic goethite samples, certainly suggesting that ferrihydrite could be present in these natural ore materials. With further refinement of the methodology, to enable a larger range of sample types to be accurately analysed, TGA is a technique which could be used as a screening tool for laterite ores.
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Suthagar, J., and Kissinger J. K. Suthan. "Synthesis and Characterization of ZnSe1-xTex Alloy Thin Films Deposited by Electron Beam Technique." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35012.
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ZnSe1-x Tex solid solutions were prepared and films were deposited on glass substrates with x 0.2, 0.4,
0.6 and 0.8. DTA/TGA analysis was carried out to study the alloy formation temperature. Structural studies
by XRD results showed the polycrystalline nature of the films. The Full Width at Half Maximum
(FWHM) values were observed from the XRD pattern and used to evaluate the microstructural parameters
like crystallite size, strain, dislocation density and stacking fault density for all the films with x 0.2, 0.4,
0.6 and 0.8. These films were coated with a thickness of about 200 nm on glass substrates keeping the
temperature constant at 200 C. All films showed cubic structure and the lattice parameter values are
found to vary with „X‟. This confirms the solid solution formation between the ZnSe and ZnTe binary compounds
which are found to obey Vegard‟s law. SEM and AFM studies have been arried out to observe their
surface modification with solid solution formation. Raman studies confirm the formation of ZnSe1-xTex compound
films.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35012
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Lucius, Ruth A. "Assessing Corn Quality And Transformation During Nixtamalization: A Physico-Chemical Approach." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1231442056.
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Gul, Kiymet Gizem. "Thermal Characterization And Kinetic Analyis Of Sara Fractions Of Crude Oils By Tga And Dsc Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613614/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, four different crude oil samples and their saturate, aromatic and resin fractions were analyzed by two different thermoanalytical methods, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments were performed at three different heating rates (5, 10 and 15 °C/min) under air atmosphere. Same gas flow rate and same pressure were applied to all samples. The aim is to determine the kinetic analysis and combustion behavior of crude oils and their fractions and also determining the effect of heating rate on all samples. For all samples two main reaction regions were observed in thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and DSC curves due to the oxidative degradation of crude oil components. It was deduced that the free moisture, volatile hydrocarbons were evaporated from the crude oils, light hydrocarbons were burned and fuel was formed in the first reaction region. The second reaction region was the main combustion region where the fuel was burned. From the TGA curves, it was detected that the heavier fraction, resins, lost considerable amounts of their initial mass, approximately 35%, while saturates lost only approximately 3% of their initial mass in the second reaction region. DSC curves of the samples were also examined and observed that as the sample got heavier, the heat of the reaction increased. Saturates, lightest part of the crude oil fractions, gave minimum heat of reaction. As the heating rate increased, shift of peak temperatures to high values and higher reaction regions were observed. The kinetic analysis of crude oils and their fractions were also performed using different kinetic methods. Activation energies (E), mean activation energies (Emean) and Arrhenius constants were found for crude oils and fractions. It was deduced that the resins gave the highest activation energy and Arrhenius constant for both reaction regions. Moreover, it was encountered that heating rate has no effect on activation energies.
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Mazzon, Elena. "Développement, étude physico-chimique et optimisation de mousses polymères biosourcées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT197.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement d’une nouvelle génération de mousses polymères biosourcées capables de satisfaire la fonction d’âme alvéolaire et structurale de pièces automobiles. Les formulations époxy choisies comme base polymère reposent sur deux différents prépolymères époxy, l’huile de lin époxydée (ELO) et le glycérol époxydé (GE). Ces derniers, associés en proportions variables, sont réticulés avec deux différents durcisseurs : l’isophorone diamine (IPDA) ou l’anhydride méthyl tétrahydrophtalique (MTHPA). Les formulations ternaires « ELO – GE – durcisseur » ont été caractérisées selon une approche multi-techniques (DSC, TGA, rhéométrie dynamique et en mode permanent) permettant d’établir des relations structure-propriétés fiables. Puis, la production d’une mousse a été possible grâce à la maîtrise d’une réaction chimique qui se déroule parallèlement à la réticulation de la résine époxy. Le bicarbonate de sodium et de potassium ont été retenus comme agents moussants. Afin d’améliorer les performances finales des mousses, la proportion de GE au sein des formulations polymère à base IPDA a été augmentée. Mais, une telle modification induit la dégradation thermique du système à cause de l’exothermicité élevée de la réaction de réticulation. L’introduction d’un absorbeur d’exothermicité, permet grâce à sa décomposition endothermique de contrôler l’excès de chaleur dégagée et par la même d’empêcher la dégradation. Une dernière classe de durcisseurs a également été étudiée et donne après optimisation des mousses dotés d’excellentes propriétés ultimes. Ainsi, une large gamme de mousses biosourcées rigides et légères pouvant être mises en œuvre dans un temps très court a été développéeThis thesis focuses on the development of a new generation of bio-based polymer foams able to produce low density core in sandwich structure for automotive applications. The polymer formulations used in this research contain two different epoxy compounds, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and the epoxidized glycerol (GE). Combined in varying proportions, they were cured with two different hardeners, isophorone diamine (IPDA) or methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA). Ternary formulations “ELO – GE – hardener” were characterized by a multi-techniques approach (DSC, TGA, rheometry in steady or dynamic mode) in order to establish structure-property relationships. The production of polymeric-foam materials was carried out by tuning a chemical reaction which takes place during curing. Sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate were used as harmless foaming agents. In order to improve the final performances of the foams, the ratio GE/ELO was increased in the reactive formulations based on IPDA hardener. But, such modification provokes also the thermal degradation of the system because of the high exothermicity of the curing reaction. The introduction of “exothermicity regulators” that undergo endothermic transformations allowed to control the excess of released heat and consequently, to prevent the material degradation. A last class of hardener was also studied and made it possible after optimization the production of foams with good ultimate properties. To conclude, a large range of biobased and lightweight rigid foams able to be produced in a few minutes was developed
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Pettersson, Henrik. "Chemical analysis for mapping of soot reactivity." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153489.
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In order to increase the efficiency of diesel particulate filter regeneration more knowledge about diesel soot and its reactivity is required. This thesis compares soot created during accelerated filter loading by lowered rail pressure, with soot from normal filter loading. Soot properties and their correlations to oxidation reactivity are also examined through thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, BET nitrogen sorption, and FTIR spectroscopy. The usefulness of these analysis methods was also evaluated. The soot samples consisted of two carbon blacks for reference (Printex U and Vulcan XC 72), four accelerated soot samples and two non-accelerated samples. The results showed that the accelerated samples contained less volatile organic compounds than the non-accelerated soot and required slightly higher temperatures to oxidize in air. Soot with a high oxygen/carbon ratio and high levels of volatile organic compounds was found to be the most reactive. The most useful method for analyzing the soot was the thermogravimetric analysis. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were useful additions but the FTIR spectroscopy provided very little useful information. The usefulness of BET nitrogen sorption was not decisively concluded.För att kunna förbättra regenereringen av dieselpartikelfilter krävs en ökad kunskap om dieselsot och dess reaktivitet. I detta examensarbete jämförs sot som skapas vid accelererad sotinlagring genom sänkt railtryck, med sot från normal sotinlagring. Hur sotets egenskaper påverkar dess reaktivitet undersöks också genom termogravimetrisk analys, svepelektronmikroskopi, energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi, BET-kväveadsorption och FTIR-spektroskopi. Hur väl dessa analysmetoder lämpar sig för analys av sot utvärderades också. Sotproverna utgjordes av två så kallade ”carbon black” för referens (Printex U och Vulcan XC 72), fyra accelererade sotprov och två icke-accelererade prov. Resultaten visade att de accelererade proverna innehöll mindre flyktiga organiska föreningar än icke-accelererade sot och krävde något högre temperaturer för att oxideras i luft. Sot med ett högt syre/kol-förhållande och höga nivåer av flyktiga organiska föreningar visade sig vara mest reaktivt. Den mest användbara metoden för att analysera sot var den termogravimetriska analysen. Svepelektronmikroskopi och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi var användbara som komplementerande metoder men FTIR-spektroskopi gav väldigt lite användbar information. Ingen konkret slutsats drogs gällande nyttan av BET-kväveadsorption.
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Elkhatib, Wassef. "Ignifugation de polyuréthanes par des phosphonates réactifs." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0012.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, notre objectif était l'amélioration de la tenue au feu de polyuréthanes à base de polybutadiène hydroxytéléchélique (PBHT), dont les performances dans ce domaine sont particulièrement faibles. Après une étude bibliographique, ce sont les phosphonates qui ont retenu notre attention car ils présentent le meilleur compromis facilité de synthèse - performances. De plus, la voie de l'immobilisation dans la chaîne polymère a été choisie en raison de la stabilité dans le temps du pouvoir ignifugeant, par absence de migration, et de l'emploi de concentrations plus faibles pour un résultat identique. Trois diol phosphonates ont été synthétisés. Une étude cinétique complète a été menée sur la réaction thiolène. Plusieurs modèles cinétiques ont été proposés en parfait accord avec nos résultats expérimentaux. L'étude des propriétés mécaniques met en évidence qu'il n'y a aucune interaction entre les segments souples (SS) et les segments rigides (SR). La Tg du PBHT ne varie pas quel que soit le taux de SR. Cependant, on remarque naturellement une augmentation de la Tg (SR) avec le taux de SR. Ce taux augmentant avec celui en diol, donc en phosphore, cette observation conduit à n'introduire qu'un taux de phosphore ne dépassant pas 1,5 % pour conserver un matériau relativement souple. En conclusion, nous avons montré que les diol phosphonates sont de bons candidats pour l'ignifugation de polyuréthanes car ils confèrent de bonnes performances thermiques sans nuire fondamentalement aux performances mécaniquesIt is well known that polyurethanes based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and (methylene diisocyanate) MDI have a weak fire resistance. Our target is to improve fire resistance of these polyurethanes by addition of a phosphorus compound as chain extender. Three types of diol phosphonates were synthetized. Different kinetic models were proposed concerning thiolene reaction in agreement with our experimental results. We used these diol phosphonates as chain extenders to obtain elastomer polyurethanes (PUs) with various phosphorus contents. The mechanical properties using DMA showed two relaxation transitions assumed as Tgs. The Tg of HTPB soft segments (SS) is unchanged although the Tg of the hard segments (HS) increases by increasing the phosphorous amount. The Tg of the samples containing 1. 5 % of phosphorus preserves the flexibility of the materials. The thermal degradation of PUs by TGA was examined. It showed a fire resistance improvement of phosphorus-containing PU e. .
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Chai, Ming. "Thermal Decomposition of Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Fuel: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Products." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342544227.
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Hillier, James L. "Pyrolysis Kinetics and Chemical Structure Considerations of a Green River Oil Shale and Its Derivatives." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2606.
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This work had the objective of determining both the kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis of oil shale and kerogen as well as using analytical techniques coupled with pyrolysis to shed light on the structure of a specific Green River oil shale. Because of the problems with linearized methods and disagreement among literature values and methods, a new method was developed tofit kinetic parameters to non linearized data. The method was demonstrated to determine the "correct" answer for mathematically generated data within a few percent error and was shown to have a lower sum squared error than the linearized methods. The curve-fitting methodology was then applied to pyrolysis kinetic data for kerogen and oil shale. Crushed samples were pyrolyzed at heating rates from 1 to 10 K/min and at pressures of 1 and 40 bar. The transient pyrolysis data were fit with a first-order model and a progressive Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM). An F-test was used to determine confidence regions and compare the kinetic parameters among the samples. The activation energies determined ranged from 173 to 226 kJ/mol, with most values around 200-220 kJ/mol. The kinetic coefficients determined for oil shale and the demineralized samples were statistically the same. Only small differences in kinetic coefficients were seen in the size-graded samples. The first-order and DAEM were shown to be statistically different, but a visual inspection of a graph of the model predictions and the data revealed that both models performed well. The largest effect on the kinetic parameters was between samples collected from different geographic allocations. The pyrolysis products (and the parent kerogen sample) were analyzed by several chemical techniques to determine chemical structure information about the parent sample. TheGC/MS data for the tars collected showed a distribution of alkenes/alkanes with 11 to 12 carbonsin length being the most frequent. XPS analysis demonstrated that any chemical model must have pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogens as well as carbonyls and carboxyl groups. Therefore a chemical structure model of kerogen should have heteroatoms of nitrogen in the aromatic region(i.e., the portions of the kerogen that are stable at moderate temperatures).
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Fonseca, Jose Pedro. "Vias de sinalização de estresses em plantas = análise da região promotora do gene NIMIN-1 de Arabidopsis thaliana e da proteína ScCBL1 de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317450.
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Orientadores: Marcelo Menossi Teixeira, Ricardo AparicioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T01:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fonseca_JosePedro_D.pdf: 3971415 bytes, checksum: b23d47eff6b16f53235b5d581fcd3ae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Estresses bióticos e abióticos como a seca, salinidade e ataque por patógenos são responsáveis por perdas significantes em culturas de grãos ao redor do mundo. Diversos genes são regulados em resposta a esses fatores e podem ser ativados ou reprimidos para gerar uma resposta específica na planta de maneira a gerar uma resposta de defesa que atenue os efeitos do estresse e promoção de tolerância pela planta. É importante entendermos o funcionamento desses mecanismos moleculares, e dos genes e proteínas envolvidas nestas vias de sinalização para um melhor conhecimento de como estas vias de transdução operam em plantas, bem como no desenvolvimento de variedades de plantas tolerantes. No capítulo I deste trabalho nós descrevemos a análise funcional de um motivo de ligação do fator TGA localizado na região promotora do gene NIMIN-1 que é altamente induzido por ácido salicílico (SA) durante defesa de plantas (estresse biótico). Fatores TGA desempenham um papel chave na defesa de plantas através da interação com elementos presentes na região promotora de genes de defesa para induzir a sua expressão. O ácido salicílico (SA) é um fito-hormônio que induz a expressão do gene que codifica a proteína NIMIN-1. Essa proteína interage com a proteína NPR1/NIM1, reguladora da resistência sistêmica adquirida (SAR). Neste trabalho foi investigado se um motivo de ligação do fator TGA2 "TGACG", localizado na região promotora imediatamente anterior ao sítio de iniciação da transcrição de NIMIN-1, é necessário a indução de NIMIN-1 por ácido salicílico. Uma versão mutagenizada do promotor do gene NIMIN-1 foi gerada por mutação sítio-dirigida. Nós geramos construções T-DNA nas quais tanto a região promotora nativa quanto a mutagenizada foram fusionadas aos repórteres proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) e beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Foram geradas plantas transgênicas e a expressão de GFP sob o controle da região promotora de NIMIN-1 foi observada em raízes, no pecíolo e folhas de Arabidopsis. A atividade dirigida pelo promotor mutagenizado e o selvagem foi quantificada por PCR quantitativo em tempo real. Tanto a construção contendo o promotor de NIMIN-1 como a cópia endógena de NIMIN-1 foram induzidas por SA. Em contraste, a construção promotora mutagenizada foi bem menos sensível a SA que o promotor nativo de NIMIN-1. Esse dado indica que o motivo de ligação do fator TGA2 analisado está diretamente envolvido na modulação da expressão de NIMIN-1 induzida por SA em Arabidopsis. No capítulo II nós descrevemos a caracterização da proteína ScCBL1 de cana-de-çúcar que apresenta elevada identidade com membros da família de proteínas sensoras de cálcio do tipo calcineurina B (CBL) em plantas. Experimentos de duplo-híbrido realizados em nosso grupo mostram que a proteína ScCBL1 interage com uma proteína quinase (ScCIPK8). Trabalhos prévios também desenvolvidos em nosso laboratório demonstraram que ScCIPK8 está envolvida no metabolismo do carboidrato e é diferencialmente expressa em resposta a ABA. O gene ScCBL1 foi clonado e a proteína codificada expressa e purificada a partir do extrato solúvel por cromatografia de afinidade usando resina Ni-NTA e a proteína eluída foi usada para estudos estruturais. Análises por espectrometria por dicroísmo circular (CD) mostraram que a proteína ScCBL1 é composta predominantemente por ?-hélices, em concordância com programas de predição da sequência de aminoácido desta proteína. Experimentos de espalhamento de raio-x a baixos ângulos (SAXS) indicaram que as amostras obtidas da ScCBL1 estavam homogêneas e monodispersas em solução e que ocorre uma mudança em seu estado oligomérico quando adicionado o agente redutor DTT, ocorrendo uma diminuição na intensidade de espalhamento (I(0)) a uma ordem de 1,56 para a mesma concentração, acompanhado de uma diminuição de 10 Å em seu raio de giro. As analises por SAXS indicaram que a proteína ScCBL1 é pentamérica em seu estado nativo e um trímero quando adicionado DTT. Análises por SAXS também indicaram que a proteína ScCBL1 está enovelada em solução, apresentando estrutura terciária estável. A modelagem de baixa resolução ab initio, juntamente com a função de distribuição das distâncias P(r) indicaram que a proteína possui um formato alongado (prolato). Ensaios iniciais de cristalização a partir de amostras monodispersas da proteína ScCBL1, confirmadas por DLS, foram feitas e um monocristal simétrico de aproximadamente 0.05 mm de diâmetro obtido além de outros sinais promissores para um refinamento das condições de cristalização de ScCBL1 para determinação de sua estrutura tridimensional a uma alta resolução. Esses dados contribuem para uma caracterização inicial da estrutura da proteína ScCBL1
Abstract: Many biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and pathogen attack are responsible for major crop losses around the world. Several genes are regulated in response to these factors to counteract the stress effects and promote plant tolerance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms as well as the roles of genes and proteins involved in stress signaling pathways is key to a better understanding of plant tolerance. We report in chapter I the functional analysis of a TGA biding factor located in the promoter region of NIMIN-1 that is highly induced by SA during plant defense against pathogen attack (biotic stress). TGA factors play a key role in plant defense by binding to the promoter region of defense genes, inducing their expression. Salicylic acid (SA) induces the expression of the gene encoding NIMIN-1, which interacts with NPR1/NIM1, a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance. In this work we investigated whether the TGA2-binding motif TGACG located upstream of the NIMIN-1 gene is necessary for SA induction of NIMIN-1 expression. A mutated version of the NIMIN-1 promoter was created by site-directed mutagenesis. We generated T-DNA constructs in which native NIMIN-1 and mutated promoters were fused to green fluorescent protein and ?-glucuronidase reporters. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants and observed NIMIN-1 promoter-driven green fluorescent protein expression in the roots, petiole and leaves. Constructs were also agroinfiltrated into the leaves to evaluate gene expression of mutagenized and native promoters driving expression of GUS using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We characterized the normal gene response to SA and compared it to the response of the mutant version of the NIMIN-1 promoter. Both the native NIMIN-1 construct and an endogenous copy of NIMIN-1 were induced by SA. However, the mutated promoter construct was much less sensitive to SA than the native NIMIN-1 promoter, indicating that this TGA2-binding motif is directly involved in the modulation of SA-induced NIMIN-1 expression in Arabidopsis. In chapter II we describe the characterization of a sugarcane ScCBL1 protein which displays high sequence identity to the calcium binding protein family calcineurin B-like (CBL) from plants. Using the two-hybrid system our group has shown that ScCBL1 binds to a protein kinase (ScCIPK8). Previous work done in our laboratory also showed that ScCIPK8 is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and that it is differentially expressed in response to ABA. ScCBL1 was cloned, expressed and purified by one round of affinity chromatography using a Ni-NTA resin and the purified eluted protein was used for structural analysis. Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) showed that ScCBL1 is mainly composed of ?-helices agreeing with secondary structure prediction by PredictProtein server. Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) analysis showed that ScCBL1 sample is homogeneous and monodisperse in solution and that the protein undergoes an oligomeric change when DTT is added, with a decrease in scattering intensity (I(0)) by a factor of 1,56 for samples with the same concentration, together with a decrease in the radius of gyration of 10 Å. SAXS experiments also showed that ScCBL1 is pentameric in its native state and the protein undergoes a change in its oligomeric state to a trimer when DTT is added. SAXS experiments also showed the protein is folded in solution and ab initio modeling of ScCBL1 protein envelope together with the pair-distribution function P(r) indicates that the protein has a rod-like, elongated shape. An initial crystallization screening with ScCBL1 monodisperse samples (confirmed by DLS experiments) was carried out and some crystallization signals were obtained, including a single crystal of around 0.05 mm in length. These data shed light on the structural features of ScCBL1
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Budimir, Jelena [Verfasser]. "Regulation of clade I TGA transcription factors of Arabidopsis thaliana during salicylic acid-mediated defense response / Jelena Budimir." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215338635/34.
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Andrade, NÃdia Ferreira de. "O efeitos da temperatura sobre a oxidaÃÃo de nanotubos de carbono." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5424.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoOs nanotubos de carbono apresentam extraordinÃrias propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas que tÃm sido exploradas para aplicaÃÃes que vÃo desde a ciÃncia de materiais atà a biologia. No entanto, a maioria das aplicaÃÃes requer modificaÃÃes quÃmicas dos nanotubos de modo a explorar ao mÃximo seu potencial. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento e de purificaÃÃo à muito importante. O objetivo deste estudo à contribuir para o entendimento de como a mudanÃa de uma variÃvel especÃfica, a temperatura, afeta as propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas dos nanotubos de carbono de paredes mÃltiplas (MWNTs) durante a purificaÃÃo. Um grama (1g) de MWNTs (Ctube 100, CNT Co. Ltd., Incheon - CorÃia do Sul) foram submetidos a um refluxo de Ãcido nÃtrico 9 mol/L por 12 horas em temperaturas de 25ÂC, 75ÂC, 125ÂC e 175ÂC. ApÃs o refluxo, as amostras foram resfriadas em um banho tÃrmico, filtradas em condiÃÃes de vÃcuo com uma membrana de PTFE de 0, 2 Âm e lavadas com Ãgua deionizada atà que o pH neutro do filtrado foi atingido. Por Ãltimo, os MWNTs oxidados foram secos em vÃcuo durante 48 h. As tÃcnicas utilizadas neste trabalho para a realizaÃÃo das caracterizaÃÃes forneceram resultados que tratam desde caracterÃsticas macro e de superfÃcie atà as associadas ao nÃvel atÃmico. A estabilidade tÃrmica foi analisada por meio de medidas de TGA, uma vez que muitos dos grupos funcionais criados no tratamento sÃo termicamente instÃveis. A oxidaÃÃo resultante do tratamento introduz grupos polares na superfÃcie dos MWNTs e assim cria a estabilidade eletrostÃtica necessÃria para uma dispersÃo estÃvel em meio aquoso. A estabilidade foi avaliada para cada amostra por meio de medidas de potencial zeta. A quantidade e o tipo de resÃduos catalÃticos presentes nas amostras antes e depois do tratamento foram analisados atravÃs de medidas de EDX e UV-VIS. Medidas de espectroscopia Raman Confocal permitiram a anÃlise especÃfica dos defeitos estruturais criados sobre a superfÃcie dos tubos, em conseqÃÃncia do processo de oxidaÃÃo. Constatou-se que os experimentos Raman devem ser realizados sobre muitos pontos para poder acessar as propriedades mÃdias das amostras. A capacidade de adsorÃÃo da superfÃcie de cada amostra apÃs o tratamento foi inspecionada atravÃs de medidas de Ãrea superficial especÃfica (mÃtodo BET). Ao comparar os resultados de diferentes tÃcnicas, foi possÃvel acessar os efeitos da temperatura do tratamento sobre as propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas relevantes, permitindo assim a obtenÃÃo de amostras bem caracterizadas que serÃo Ãteis para futuros estudos em Ãreas bio-relacionadas.
Carbon nanotubes exhibit remarkable physico-chemical properties which have been exploited for applications ranging from materials science to biology. However, most of the aplications requires the chemical modification of the nanotubes in order to exploit their maximum potential. In this context, the development of protocols for treatment and purification is very important. The purpose of this study is to contribute for the understand on how the change of a particular purification parameter, temperature, affects the physico-chemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) during the purification. One gram (1g) of MWNTs (Ctube 100, CNT Co. Ltd., Incheon - South Korea) were subjected to a reflux with nitric acid 9 mol/L for 12 hours at temperatures 25ÂC, 75ÂC, 125ÂC and 175ÂC. After refluxed, the samples were cooled down in a heat bath, filtered in vacuum condition using a PTFE membrane of 0, 2 Âm and washed with deionized water until the neutral pH of the filtrate was reached. Afterwards, the oxidized MWCNTs were dried in vacuum for 48 h. The experimental techniques used in this work to perform the samples characterization provide results that allow to get information from macro and surface characteristics to those associated with the atomic level. Thermal stability was analyzed by TGA measurements, since many of the functional groups created during the treatment are thermally unstable. Oxidation resulting from treatment introduces polar groups on the surface of MWNTs thus creating the electrostatic stability required for a stable dispersion in aqueous medium. The stability was evaluated for each sample by zeta potential measurements. The amount and type of catalytic residues present in the samples before and after treatment were analyzed by means of EDX and UV-VIS. Techniques confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements allowed the specific analysis of the structural defects created on the surface of the tubes as a consequence of oxidation process. It was found that Raman experiments should be performed on may points of the sample in order to access their average properties. The adsorption capacity of the surface of each sample after treatment, were inspected through specific surface area measurements (BET method). By comparing the results of different techniques it was possible to access the effects of temperature on the treatment on the relevant physico-chemical properties thus allowing us to have well characterized samples that will be useful for further studies in biorelated areas.
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Wells, Tyrone. "Lignin for bioenergy & biomaterials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53575.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable waste treatment and lignin development strategies targeted for biorefineries will benefit industry, consumers, and the environment. This dissertation demonstrates the feasibility of a novel biochemical pathway capable of converting sugars and lignin sourced from biorefinery waste streams into microbial oils suitable for biodiesel, cosmetic, and biopharmaceutical applications. This biochemical pathway also presents interesting avenues for the commercial production of higher-value intermediate metabolites such as catechol, protocatechuate, pyruvate, and succinate. Alternatively, this dissertation also demonstrates a unique polymerization strategy for lignin that can be adopted towards the production of green polymeric biomaterials. Overall, these strategies jointly present intriguing routes for lignin valorization.
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Shulga, Yu M., A. Michtchenko, S. A. Baskakov, V. V. Abalyaeva, O. N. Efimov, N. Y. Shulga, J. G. Cabanas-Moreno, L. Lartundo-Rojas, and L. A. Moreno-Rojas. "Composite Material for Supercapacitors Formed by Polymerization of Aniline in the Presence of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35236.
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The composite material was obtained by the polymerization of aniline in the presence of graphene oxide
nanosheets (GONS). The resulting composite PANi (72%) - GONS (28%) was investigated by methods
such as XPS, TGA, Raman and IR spectroscopy, and so on. It was established that a partial reduction of
graphene oxide takes part in course of the polymerization. Specific capacitance of the PANi-GONS electrode
in 1M H2SO4, corresponding to its discharge from 0.700 to 0.052 V, was found to be 547 F/g. But, if in
the calculation of the capacitance include a shallow part of the discharge curve (below 0.15 V), one can obtain
the value of specific capacity greater than 1200 F/g.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35236
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Uribe, Ramirez Ana M. "Concrete carbonation as a sink for carbon dioxide: results for simulated field curing conditions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282574502.
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Cristallini, Pietro Paolo. "Atom transfer radical polymerization di monomeri polari: studio delle condizioni utili per uno scale-up industriale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13377/.
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In questo progetto è stata studiata la sintesi di copolimeri a blocchi poli(N-vinil caprolattame)-b-poli(vinil acetato) (PNVCL-b-PVAc) mediante Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In visione di una futura produzione di questi materiali a livello industriale, è stato ritenuto interessante studiare questo processo utilizzando un solvente con alto valore di flash point, in particolare il polipropilen glicole Mn=1000g/mol (PPG-1000) (flash point 229°C). Inoltre, si è scelto di lavorare a temperature comprese tra 50 e 80°C, in modo da poter asportare il calore di reazione utilizzando semplicemente acqua non sottoraffreddata e ottenendo così una diminuzione dei costi di produzione. Sono quindi stati effettuati degli studi cinetici relativi alla sintesi dei due omopolimeri PNVCL e PVAc al fine di ottimizzare le condizione di sintesi ed ottenere un controllo sull’intero processo.
In this work the synthesis of poly(N-vinyl caprolactam)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) (PNVCL-b-PVAc) block copolymers by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was studied. The process was carried out in presence of an high flash point solvent [polypropylene glycol Mn=1000g/mol (PPG-1000) (fp=229°C)] in order to attend to the environmental requirements of an industrial production and at temperature between 50 and 80°C with the aim to avoid the use of undercooled water for the heat removal, and hence reduce the production costs. Thus kinetic studies on the synthesis of PNVCL and PVAc homopolymers were performed in order to optimize the systems and obtain the control on the overall process.
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Yang, Yang. "Investigation of vanadium-containing oxide systems : CALPHAD and experiments." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-197292.
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Fundamental studies on thermodynamic properties of vanadium-containing oxides systems are essential to understand practical vanadium metallurgical process. The CALPHAD technique is here applied to the thermodynamic modelling of the V-O, Ca-V-O and Ti-V-O systems. The compound energy formalism is used for all the solution phases. All optimization processes and calculations are performed using the Thermo-Calc software package. The present work attempts to develop a self-consistent thermodynamic database of all phases in the studied systems. The obtained datasets can be used to calculate thermodynamic properties, stable as well as metastable phase equilibria and driving forces for oxidation etc. Steelmaking slag is an important secondary source for vanadium extraction. The phase relationships and vanadium distribution in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-V2O3-Al2O3 synthetic slags, whose compositions were chosen based on the relevance to the steel producers, are also studied. Phase equilibria in the temperature range of 1773 to 1823 K at oxygen partial pressure of 10-10 bar and 0.21 bar were characterized. An investigation of the volatilization of vanadium oxide was also carried out in the present work. Isothermal evaporation of vanadium pentoxide in the temperature range between 1723 and 1873 K was investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis under different oxygen partial pressures, viz. oxygen, air or CO2. The Arrhenius activation energy for the evaporation reaction in various atmospheres was calculated from the experimental results. A mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of the evaporation process. Evaporation coefficients and enthalpies in various atmospheres were also estimated. The present results may have some implications in recovering vanadium from different vanadium-bearing sources.QC 20161202
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Paliwal, Vaishali. "Study of lead sorption on magnetite at high temperatures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5445/.
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Lead's uptake on magnetite has been quantitatively evaluated in the present study at a temperature of 200°C and pH of 8.5 with lead concentrations ranging from 5 ppm to175 ppm by equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The pH independent sorption behavior suggested lead sorption due to pH independent permanent charge through weak electrostatic, non-specific attraction where cations are sorbed on the cation exchange sites. The permanent negative charge could be a consequence of lead substitution which is supported by increase in the lattice parameter values from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC/TGA) results showed an increase of exothermic (magnetite to maghemite transformation) peak indicating substitution of lead ions due to which there is retardation in the phase transformation. Presence of outer sphere complexes and physical sorption is further supported by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). None of the results suggested chemisorption of lead on magnetite.
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Sasivongpakdi, Adison. "Beneficial Use of Wastes: Petroleum-Contaminated Sediment and Coal Refuse." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282055856.
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Plunkett, Richard. "Assessment of residual composite properties as influenced by thermal mechanical aging." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063142/.
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Vhathvarothai, Navirin. "Thermochemical Behaviour and Syngas Production from Co-gasification of Biomass and Coal Blends." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367479.
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This research project investigated the thermochemical behaviour of biomass (cypress wood chips and macadamia nut shells), coal (Australian bituminous coal) and their blends during pyrolysis and combustion using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as studied the syngas production from gasification of the fuels and their blends at blending ratios (biomass:coal) of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 on a laboratory scale downdraft gasifier. The key aims of the research were to study the influence of the blending ratios on the performances of the thermochemical processes and to develop a mathematical model that can be used for predicting the results of the co-gasification technology.
The results from the proximate and ultimate analyses found that cypress wood chips and macadamia nut shells had relatively similar approximate composition and absolute elemental composition. However, major differences between these two types of biomass and the Australian bituminous coal were observed in several properties including volatile matter, fixed carbon, carbon content and oxygen content.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Ndlovu, Bongani. "Kimberlite weathering : effects of organic reagents." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33354.
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Diamonds are commonly present in an ore called kimberlite. Kimberlites vary extensively in mineralogy and therefore can complicate the processing and the extraction of diamonds. Weathering of kimberlite was investigated in this study and refers to the rapid physical breakdown of the kimberlite material. Kimberlite weathering by organic molecule adsorption was investigated utilising organic solutions; ethanol, formamide, n-hexane, oxalic acid, urea, pentanoic acid and acetic acid, was investigated. The extent of weathering was measured by XRD, TGA and FTIR analysis as well as by evaluating changes in the particle size distribution. The idea to predict the susceptibility of weathering of kimberlite based on TGA analysis was discredited as it was found that there was no correlation between the smectite content and the % weight loss from TGA analysis.
In XRD analysis studies to relate the d-spacing to the extent of weathering, it was found that the technique was not sensitive enough to enable direct prediction of weathering behaviour. Organic solutions at 0.5 M generally did not significantly alter the d-spacing. In the case of utilising pure organic solutions, it was observed that switching from diluted to pure organic solutions did not increase the d-spacings but rather lowers the space. Cation pretreatment prior to organic weathering resulted in d-spacings up to 2 water layers (12.6 Å being equal to 1 water layer, 15.6 Å equal to 2 layers and 18.6 Å equal to 3 layer). The general trend was that the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+ increased the d-spacings whereas monovalent cations Na+ and K+ decreased the spacing. In the case of pre-organic treatment prior to organic weathering, it was observed that the resulting d-spacing increased to 2 and 3 water layers.
TGA analysis confirmed that the kimberlite structure did absorb organic reagents during weathering. It was observed that the amount of organic reagents adsorbed decrease in the following order: oxalic acid > urea > pentanoic acid > formamide > ethanol > n-hexane > acetic acid, with oxalic acid having been adsorbed the greatest. In addition, it was also shown that the extent of inorganic cation adsorption was more than that of organic solutions. The analysis also showed that organic pretreatments yielded promising results and the order followed was dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride > cetylpyridium chloride > dodecylamine > pyridine in encouraging subsequent organic adsorption. FTIR analysis results indicated the mechanism by which organic molucules attached onto the mineral surface. It was observed that there was a disturbance of the bond between water in the interlayer and the silicate structure by a stronger H-bond gained through organic molecule attachment. Oxalic acid was observed to cause a structural change due to proton attack of the silicate structure.
It was found that kimberlite weathering, in essence, occurred in the first 24 hours of contact with the solution. Oxalic acid was found to be the most effective weathering agent compared to the rest of the tested organic solutions. The effect of the tested solutions, at 0.5 M concentration, on kimberlite weathering followed the series Cu2+ > oxalic acid > ethanol > acetic acid > formamide > n-hexane > distilled water. This study therefore showed that the accelerated weathering of kimberlite utilising organic solutions was not as efficient as the Cu2+ solution. Comparing Cu2+ and oxalic acid treatments, results showed that 67 % of the particles passed 12 mm screen size due to Cu2+ weathering as opposed to 48 % in oxalic acid.
In investigating the effects of variables, it was found that time of exposure had a small effect in the weathering of kimberlite. Increasing the organic concentration from 0.025 M to 0.5 M saw an increase in the amount of particles passing the 12 mm screen size by~20 %. There was however no improved weathering when the solution temperature was increased from approximately 25 °C to 40 °C.
In the study of kinetics involved during organic weathering utilising oxalic acid and comparing with Cu2+ medium, a high mineral dissolution was observed in the first 24 hours of contact with the weathering solution. However, different weathering mechanisms were observed between Cu2+ and oxalic acid. Inorganic solutions foster weathering by interlayer cation exchange which results in the reduction of the surface energy and this encourages further crack propagation. Oxalic acid weathering mechanism was by proton attack of the structural cations which was then limited thereafter by oxalate salts precipitation. Al3+ and Mg2+ were the dominant cations in solution during weathering (reaching 40 mmol/L) at higher oxalic acid concentration. This indicated that the dissolution of the clay‟s octahedral structure occurred, making oxalic acid a more effective agent than the rest of the tested organic solutions.
An alternative method to transform non-swelling clay minerals to swelling in kimberlites was highlighted. It was observed that cation exchange treatment in conjunction with acid and oxidation treatments on kimberlites containing non-swelling minerals: mica or forsterite that are at least 30 % in quantity may result in the presence of swelling clays after these treatments. Kimberlite that contained serpentine minerals was more resistant to alteration under these conditions.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
UPonly
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Танчик, Дмитро Юрійович, and Dmytro Yuriiovych Tanchyk. "Проект дільниці ремонтного цеху для технічного обслуговування вантажних автомобілів MAN TGA 33.480 з дослідженням залежності ступеня зношеності шийок колінчастого валу." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33508.
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Роботу виконано на кафедрі автомобілів Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України. Захист відбудеться 23 грудня 2020 р. о 09:30 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії № 10 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Текстильна, 28, навчальний корпус № 9, ауд. 106.В кваліфікаційній роботі розроблено технологію технічного обслуговування вантажних автомобілів MAN TGA 33.480, а також досліджено залежность ступеня зношеності шийок колінчастого валу.
The qualification work developed the technology of maintenance of trucks MAN TGA 33.480, as well as investigated the dependency of the degree of wear of the cervical cynk shaft.
Вступ... 1 ЗАГАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ... 1.1 Розрахунок виробничої програми АТП за кількістю видів технічних дій... 1.2 Висновки та постановка завдання на магістерську роботу... 2 ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ... 2.1 Розробка технологічного процесу технічного обслуговування вантажних автомобілів MAN ТGA... 2.2 Операції технічного обслуговування... 2.3 Розрахунок кількості робочих постів... 2.4 Підбір технологічного обладнання для дільниці ТО... 2.5 Площі виробничих зон і відділень... 3 КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ... 3.1 Призначення, конструкція та принцип роботи пристосування... 3.2 Розрахунки по пристосуванням... 3.3 Розрахунок річного економічного ефекту від впровадження конструкторських розробок... 4 НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЙ РОЗДІЛ... 4.1 Дослідження зв’язку діагностичних і структурних параметрів... 4.2 Закономірності зношування сполучень деталей силового агрегату автомобілів... 4.3 Композиція прогнозів залишкового ресурсу... 5 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ... 5.1 Обов'язкові роботи, при профілактичному технічному обслуговуванні та ремонті... 5.2 Основні напрямки та шляхи підвищення стійкості функціонування об'єкту в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій... ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ... БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ... ДОДАТКИ
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Hoffmann, Janine [Verfasser]. "Magnetresonanztomografische Analyse des Herzens von Patienten nach Vorhofumkehroperation zur Korrektur einer kompletten Transposition der großen Gefäße (d-TGA) / Janine Hoffmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025355210/34.
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Agioutanti, Eleftheria. "An Improved Thermogravimetric Analysis Method for Respirable Coal Mine Dust and Comparison to Results by SEM-EDX." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91984.
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It has long been known that chronic exposures to high concentrations of respirable coal mine dust can lead to the development of lung diseases such as Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis, commonly referred to as "black lung", and silicosis. Since the mid-1990s, an alarming resurgence of diseases has been documented in central Appalachia, where underground mining often necessitates significant extraction of rock strata along with the thin seams of coal. These circumstances have prompted concern over if or how changing dust composition might be a factor in contemporary disease prevalence.
Until now, the total mass concentration and quartz mass fraction of respirable dust have been regulated and monitored in US coal mines. Unfortunately, however, these two metrics alone do not paint a full picture of dust composition. Earlier work in the author's research group established a preliminary thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method for coal mine dust. The method is intended to allow estimation of three key mass fractions of the dust from separate sources: coal from the coal strata being mined; non-carbonate minerals from the rock strata being mined or drilled; and carbonates that are primarly sourced from application of rock dust products to the mine floor or ribs. However, accuracy of the preliminary method was substantially limited by poor dust recovery from the fibrous filter media used for sample collection.
This thesis includes two studies: The first study aims to establish an improved TGA method. It uses smooth polycarbonate (PC) filters for dust sampling and a modified thermal ramping routine. The method is verified using laboratory-generated respirable dust samples. In the second study, the improved TGA method is used to analyze 75 respirable mine dust samples, collected in 15 US mines. Replicate samples are also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy using energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). TGA and SEM-EDX results are compared to gain insights regarding the analytical methods and general trends in dust composition within and between mines.Master of Science
It has long been known that chronic exposures to excessive respirable coal mine dust can lead to the development of lung diseases such as Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (“Black Lung”) and silicosis. Disease rates in central Appalachia have shown an alarming and unexpected increase since the mid-1990s, despite declining dust concentrations evident from regulatory compliance monitoring data. Clearly, there is a need to better understand coal mine dust composition, which will require additional analytical methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been proposed as one possible method, because it should allow estimation of three key dust components from separate sources: coal from the coal strata being mined; non-carbonate minerals from the rock strata being mined or drilled; and carbonates from application of rock dust products to the mine floor and ribs. However, preliminary work with TGA showed limited accuracy, mostly due to sampling materials. In this thesis, two studies were performed. The first study aims to establish an improved TGA method using smooth, polycarbonate (PC) filters. The second study demonstrates the method on a large number of mine dust samples, and compares the results to those gained by an alternative method that uses electron microscopy.
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Alevanau, Aliaksandr. "Study of the Apparent Kinetics of Biomass Gasification Using High-Temperature Steam." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi- och ugnsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26356.
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Among the latest achievements in gasification technology, one may list the development of a method to preheat gasification agents using switched ceramic honey combs. The best output from this technology is achieved with use of water steam as a gasification agent, which is heated up to 1600 °C. The application of these temperatures with steam as a gasification agent provides a cleaner syngas (no nitrogen from air, cracked tars) and the ash melts into easily utilised glass-like sludge. High hydrogen content in output gas is also favourable for end-user applications.Among the other advantages of this technology is the presumable application of fixed-bed-type reactors fed by separately produced and preheated steam. This construction assumes relatively high steam flow rates to deliver the heat needed for endothermic reactions involving biomass. The biomass is to be heated uniformly and evenly in the volume of the whole reactor, providing easier and simpler control and operation in comparison to other types of reactors. To provide potential constructors and exploiters of these reactors with the kinetic data needed for the calculations of vital parameters for both reactor construction and exploitation, basic experimental research of high-temperature steam gasification of four types of industrially produced biomass has been conducted.Kinetic data have been obtained for straw and wood pellets, wood-chip charcoal and compressed charcoal of mixed origin. Experiments were conducted using two experimental facilities at the Energy and Furnace Division of the Department of Material Science and Engineering (MSE) at the School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM) of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and at the Combustion Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Maryland (UMD), USA. The experimental facility at the Energy and Furnace Division has been improved with the addition of several constructive elements, providing better possibilities for thermo-gravimetric measurements.The obtained thermo-gravimetric data were analysed and approximated using several models described in the literature. In addition, appropriate software based on the Scilab package was developed. The implementation of the isothermal method based on optimisation algorithms has been developed and tested on the data obtained under the conditions of a slow decrease of temperature in experiments with the char gasification in small-scale experimental facilities in the Energy and Furnace Division.The composition of the gases generated during the gasification of straw and wood pellets by high-temperature steam has been recorded and analysed for different experimental conditions.QC 20101124
Study of ignition and kinetics of biomass/solid waste thermal conversion with high-temperature air/steam
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Guan, Xin. "Fabrication of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Composite Films and Their Degradation Properties." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333779869.
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Gu, Yu. "A PVDF-BASED HYBRID ELECTROLYTE INCORPORATING LATP AND Al2O3 FILLERS WITH ENHANCED IONIC CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL STABILITY FOR LI-ION BATTERIES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1618903524872759.
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Oyetunde, Temidayo Timothy. "Novel precursors for chalcogenide materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-precursors-for-chalcogenide-materials(db26161b-217b-4ee1-9767-d8fb82dc608b).html.
Full textAbstract:
Metal chalcogenides (sulfides, selenides and tellurides) are materials of current interest due to their peculiar properties such as optoelectronic, magnetooptic, thermoelectric and piezoelectric displays. These semiconducting materials have potential applications in solar cell devices, infrared detectors and ambient thermoelectric generators. Previously, these materials have been deposited by multiple-source precursor route with several problems associated with this technique. This work describes the synthesis of metal complexes (Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pd, Pt) using the imidodichalcogenodiphosphinate ligand (Woollins ligand). Their thermal decomposition together with structural and spectroscopy analysis was carried out. The complexes were used as single source precursors for the deposition of cadmium selenide, cadmium phosphide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, iron selenide and the tellurides of nickel, palladium, platinum and iron as thin films and powders. These were deposited by AACVD and pyrolysis. The deposited thin films and powders were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The cadmium complexes [Cd{iPr2P(Se)NP(Se)iPr2}2] and [Cd{iPr2P(S)NP(Se)iPr2}2] deposited the mixture of hexagonal CdSe and monoclinic Cd2P3 films at the flow rate of 160 sccm at 475 and 500 °C. At the flow rate of 240 sccm, only hexagonal CdSe was deposited from [Cd{iPr2P(Se)NP(Se)iPr2}2] at all temperatures. Hexagonal CdS and the mixture of orthorhombic Cd6P7/cubic Cd7P10 were deposited from [Cd{iPr2P(S)NP(S)iPr2}2]. The zinc complexes [Zn{iPr2P(Se)NP(Se)iPr2}2] and [Zn{iPr2P(S)NP(Se)iPr2}2] both deposited cubic ZnSe at all temperatures with the flow rates of 160 and 240 sccm. The iron complexes [Fe{(SePPh2)2N}2] and [Fe{(SePPh2NPPh2S)2N}2] deposited orthorhombic FeSe2 mixed with monoclinic Fe3Se4 by pyrolysis at 500 and 550 °C. An unresolved pattern was observed from the complex [Fe{(SePPh2NPPh2S)2N}2] at 550 °C. XPS analysis of the deposited FeSe2 showed the surface oxidation of the material, while the magnetic measurements on the sample using SQUID confirmed its ferromagnetic properties. The telluride complexes of nickel, palladium, platinum and iron deposited the metal telluride respectively as: hexagonal NiTe, hexagonal PdTe, hexagonal PtTe2 (mixed with rhombohedral PtTe) and hexagonal FeTe2. Conductivity studies on NiTe and PdTe revealed them to be insulators, while the magnetic measurements on FeTe2 indicated its antiferromagnetic behaviour.
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Sánchez, Navarro M. Magdalena. "Microencapsulación de sustancias activas para su incorporación en calzado." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/66330.
Full textAbstract:
En los últimos años, el calzado fabricado en España, y en la Unión Europea en general, camina hacia nuevos conceptos en los que la sostenibilidad y la incorporación de los elementos "activos" van a tener un importante papel como valor añadido y elemento de competitividad. Este hecho obliga a los fabricantes de calzado y componentes a reinventarse y desarrollar nuevos productos que cumplan con las exigencias tanto del mercado como de los consumidores. Con los últimos avances en el campo de los materiales funcionales y/o activos se abre una nueva vía para el desarrollo de productos que presenten propiedades funcionales dirigidas a los diversos grupos de usuarios con características y necesidades específicas. En ese sentido, la tecnología de microencapsulación es una herramienta prometedora para este sector tan tradicional, ya que permite transformar el calzado en un nuevo soporte para proporcionar tanto un cuidado estético y sanitario del pie como para mejorar el confort del mismo, entre otras muchas posibilidades. La incorporación de sustancias microencapsuladas en los materiales o componentes del calzado permitirá dotar al calzado de nuevas prestaciones y alcanzar el concepto de calzado activo, el cual contribuirá a mejorar la calidad de vida del usuario, satisfaciendo las necesidades y expectativas de los mismos. El objetivo general de este trabajo se centra en la microencapsulación de sustancias activas tales como agentes antimicrobianos y aromas y su posterior incorporación en los materiales de calzado para lograr obtener un nuevo calzado funcional que permita un cuidado activo del pie de los usuarios durante su uso. Para lograr dicho objetivo, este trabajo se ha estructurado en cinco capítulos. En la introducción se detallan las necesidades del sector calzado y se presentan las tecnologías emergentes capaces de proporcionar un salto cualitativo en cuanto a sus perspectivas futuras. En el segundo capítulo se describe y se detallan los objetivos específicos perseguidos con el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación. En el tercer capítulo se describen los materiales utilizados para llevar a cabo este trabajo, así como las diferentes técnicas instrumentales empleadas para la síntesis, funcionalización y caracterización de microcápsulas y materiales de calzado empleados. El capítulo de resultados y discusión consta de un compendio de 6 publicaciones fruto del trabajo de investigación de investigación realizado en esta tesis. Se ha realizado un estudio de la microbiota del pie sano, así como una revisión de las técnicas en el campo de la nanotecnología que junto con la microencapsulación presentan un gran desafío en cuanto a su aplicación en el sector calzado. Además y fundamentalmente, se ha estudiado la microencapsulación de sustancias mediante la técnica de polimerización in situ para encapsular un aceite esencial con reconocidas propiedades antimicrobianas como es el aceite de Melaleuca alternifolia. Mediante estudios de Termogravimetría (TGA), Espectroscopía Infrarroja (FTIR) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) principalmente, se ha profundizado en el mecanismo de encapsulación y liberación de los aceites esenciales estudiados, tanto en lo relativo a la formación de microcápsulas como en las posibles interacciones fisicoquímicas entre la resina y el aceite, así como su efecto en la liberación del aceite esencial en tratamientos combinados que simulan las condiciones de uso de estos productos. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que la relación resina:aceite determina en gran medida la eficiencia de encapsulación así como que existe un valor crítico que determina las propiedades de las microcápsulas sintetizadas y las posibles interacciones fisicoquímicas con los componentes del aceite esencial. Los ensayos de simulación de uso en calzado mostraron que el sudor influye en el perfil de liberación del aceite del núcleo y que la acción combinada de sudor y presión además modifica las características de las microcápsulas. El diseño de microcápsulas con resistencias y diferentes perfiles de liberación de la sustancia activa permite obtener un efecto más prolongado del aroma y/o efecto antimicrobiano en el calzado.
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González, Martínez María. "Woody and agricultural biomass torrefaction : experimental study and modelling of solid conversion and volatile species release based on biomass extracted macromolecular components." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24326/1/gonzalez_martinez.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, there is an increasing awareness on the importance of biomass waste as a renewable source of energy, materials and chemicals. In this context, the European project MOBILE FLIP aims at developing and demonstrating mobile conversion processes suitable with variousunderexploited agro- and forest based biomass resources in order to produce energy carriers, materials and chemicals. One of these processes is torrefaction, which consists in a mild thermal treatment, occurring typically between 200 and 300°C during a few tens of minutes in a defaultoxygen atmosphere. The solid product obtained has thermal and processing properties closer to coal, and thus is suitable as fuel for combustion or gasification. During torrefaction, condensable coproducts are released, that may also be source of “green” chemicals. It is therefore crucial to characterize them to optimize the torrefaction process and design industrial units. Up to now, only few works have been focused on characterizing and modelling both solid and condensable species during torrefaction versus operating conditions and feedstock type. Furthermore, these studies typically include a reduced number of biomasses. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,which constitute biomass macromolecular composition, are determining properties to predict biomass behaviour during torrefaction. However, torrefaction tests on these constituents are rare and always based on commercial compounds, which were proved as little representative of the native biomass. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of biomass characteristics, mainly represented by the macromolecular composition in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, on the global behaviour of biomass in torrefaction, both in terms of solid mass loss and of productionprofiles of the volatile species released, in function of the operating conditions.14 biomasses from the main biomass families (deciduouswood, coniferous wood, agricultural byproductsand herbaceous crops) were selected for this study. An optimized extraction procedure was proposed to recover cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions from 5 reference biomasses. Experiments were performed on a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled to a gas chromatography mass spectrometer device through a heated storage loop system (TGA-GC/MS). Solid degradation kinetics and volatile release profiles were followed during torrefaction experiments combining non-isothermal (200 to 300°C at 3°C/min) and isothermal (300°C, 30 min) conditions, ensuring the chemical regime thanks to the appropriate operating conditions. The results obtained with the raw materials demonstrated that biomass macromolecular composition is a main factor influencing biomass behavior in torrefaction. Consequently, the heterogeneity of the resource results in a diverse behavior in torrefaction, particularly in the case of agricultural biomasses. The results with the extracted components evidenced their very different behavior compared to thecommercial compounds, particularly in the case of cellulose. This suggests that a limitation could be induced by the common use in literature of commercial components for torrefaction modelling. The impact on the characterization of macromolecular components was also shown to be prevailing in their behavior in torrefaction, especially in the case of hemicellulose sugar composition and cellulose crystallinity. Furthermore, differences in release kinetics of volatile species during torrefaction were observed, even for volatiles belonging to the same chemical family (acids, furans, ketones). Derived from these results, a torrefaction model based on the additive contribution of extracted cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin to the global behavior of biomass in torrefaction was proposed, and this for the 5 representative biomasses.
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Topa, Ece Hatice. "Thermal Characterization And Kinetics Of Diesel, Methanol Route Biodiesel, Canola Oil And Diesel-biodiesel Blends At Different Blending Rates By Tga And Dsc." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612460/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Application of thermogravimetric analysis to the renewable energy sources is a novel
study and it has been becoming attractive by the researchers in recent years. In this
thesis, thermal and kinetic properties of biodiesel as new energy source, diesel and
canola oil have been analyzed by using very popular thermogravimetric analysis
methods which areDifferential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG). The main aim of the study is to observe the combustion and pyrolysis behaviour of methanol route biodiesel and diesel blends at different blending rates. Additionally, combustion and pyrolysis behaviour of canola oil, the origin of biodiesel have been analysed to observe the transesterification reaction effect on biodiesel. Therefore, biodiesel, diesel, canola oil and blends of diesel and biodiesel at different percentages are exposed to isothermal heating under nitrogen and air atmosphere with a constant heating rate of 5, 10 and 15