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Spierenburg, Marja, Conrad Steenkamp, and Harry Wels. "Resistance of local communities against marginalization in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area." Focaal 2006, no. 47 (June 1, 2006): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/092012906780646479.
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The Great Limpopo is one of the largest Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in the world, encompassing vast areas in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. The TFCA concept is embraced by practically all (international) conservation agencies. The rationale for the support is that the boundaries of ecosystems generally do not overlap with those of the nation-state. Their protection requires transnational cooperation. By arguing that local communities living in or close to TFCAs will participate and benefit economically, TFCA proponents claim social legitimacy for the project. However, analysis shows that communities first have to live up to rigid standards and requirements set by the international conservation authorities, before they are considered ‘fit’ to participate. Communities attempt to resist this type of marginalization by forming alliances with (inter)national development and human rights NGOs, with mixed results.
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Tok Cekmecelioglu, Busra, Peter Legeza, Kavya Sinha, Pooja Tekula, Alan Lumsden, and Zsolt Garami. "Preliminary Experience With Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Revascularization: Initial Observations on Cerebral Embolization Patterns." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 45, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15443167211032371.
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Intraoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring allows us to see intracranial blood flow changes related to endovascular and surgical manipulation in real time. This study evaluates the results of TCD monitoring during transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) with flow reversal, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) without shunt, with a shunt (shCEA), and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (tfCAS) with distal filter protection. Patients who underwent carotid artery revascularization with TCD monitoring were included. Patient demographics and medical history were recorded based on medical documentation. Intraoperative TCD, hemodynamics, fluoroscopy images, and surgical manipulation were recorded simultaneously with a 4-channel video recording system, and based on the recordings, the number of high-intensity signals (HITS) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow changes were registered. HITS during contrast injections were not included in the analysis due to the high number of artifacts. HITS were compared between the four groups, and HITS during lesion crossing/predilation/stent deployment/postdilation were compared between the tfCAS and TCAR groups. Thirty six patients were involved (mean age 69.5 ± 10.59 years; 24 male) (9 CEA; 11 shCEA; 4 tfCAS; 12 TCAR). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and smoking were frequent in all groups. Median number of HITS for CEA, shCEA, tfCAS, and TCAR were 5 (range: 0-90), 10 (range: 3-72), 197.5 (range: 153-340), and 29 (range: 2-74), respectively. The number of HITS during TCAR was not significantly different compared to CEA or shCEA but significantly lower than in patients receiving tfCAS ( P < .01). Procedural phases of lesion crossing, predilation, stent deployment, and postdilation were associated with significantly higher HITS during tfCAS than TCAR ( P = .002, P = .006, P = .04, P = .006, respectively). The number of embolic events during TCAR is comparable with CEA with and without a shunt and associated with a significantly lower HITS rate than tfCAS with distal filter protection. According to our results, TCAR appears to be a safer alternative to tfCAS.
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Stonko, David P., Earl Goldsborough, Pavel Kibrik, George Zhang, Courtenay M. Holscher, and Caitlin W. Hicks. "Use of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization, Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting, and Carotid Endarterectomy in the US From 2015 to 2019." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): e2231944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31944.
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ImportanceA transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) device was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015 for carotid revascularization in patients at high risk for stroke, cranial nerve injury, or major cardiac event. It is unclear how the introduction of TCAR has changed the use of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS).ObjectiveTo quantify the temporal changes in the operative approach to carotid revascularization (CEA vs TFCAS vs TCAR), and to identify patient and disease characteristics commonly associated with each approach.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study obtained data from the Vascular Quality Initiative database from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA, TFCAS, or TCAR were included. Data were analyzed from January to April 2022.ExposuresMonth and year of surgery as well as patient risk status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber and proportion of carotid revascularization procedures by operative approach.ResultsA total of 108 676 patients (mean [SD] age 56.6 [12.5] years; 66 684 men [61.4%]) were included in the analysis. The most common operative approach overall was CEA (n = 81 508 [75.0%]), followed by TFCAS (n = 15 578 [14.3%]) and TCAR (n = 11 590 [10.7%]). The number of procedures increased over the study period (16 754 in 2015 vs 27 269 in 2019; P < .001). In 2015, CEA was used in 84.9% of all cases, followed by TFCAS (14.4%) and TCAR (0.8%). In 2019, CEA was used in 64.8% of cases, followed by TCAR (21.9%) and TFCAS (13.3%). The proportional use of CEA decreased by 5.0% (95% CI, −7.4% to −2.6%) per year, and TCAR use increased by 5.3% (95% CI, 2.3%-8.3%) per year. Among patients at high risk, the change was greater: CEA use decreased by 7.8% (95% CI, −11.9% to −3.8%) per year, TFCAS decreased by 4.8% (95% CI, −9.5% to −0.14%) per year, and TCAR increased by 12.6% (95% CI, 7.1%-18.1%) per year. Multinomial logistic regression showed that patient risk status was the most important characteristic associated with TCAR compared with CEA (relative risk ratio, 36.10; 95% CI, 29.24-44.66; P < .001) and TFCAS (relative risk ratio, 14.10; 95% CI, 11.86-16.66; P < .001). Linear regression revealed no association between year of surgery and in-hospital myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study indicate that TCAR has become the dominant carotid revascularization approach, surpassing TFCAS and CEA in patients at high risk for stroke, cranial nerve injury, or cardiovascular events. Patient high-risk status was the main characteristic associated with a stenting approach, highlighting the perceived importance of carotid stenting therapies in this patient population.
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Duffy, Rosaleen. "The politics of global environmental governance: the powers and limitations of transfrontier conservation areas in Central America." Review of International Studies 31, no. 2 (April 2005): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006467.
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This article examines the concepts and practices of global governance as a definitively liberal project. It provides an analysis of how TFCAs intersect with wider neoliberal debates about the efficacy of global environmental governance, and explores the power and limitations of that governance. In particular, this article investigates the complex local contexts which global environmental governance schemes such as TFCAs encounter; in so doing it highlights the ways that local activities subvert and challenge global-level conservation schemes. Through an analysis of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in Central America, it contends that specific forms of global environmental governance require some rethinking to accommodate their potentially fragile and uneven nature, and that it is more open, opaque or uneven than many theorists suggest.
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Chitakira, Munyaradzi, Luxon Nhamo, Emmanuel Torquebiau, James Magidi, Willem Ferguson, Sylvester Mpandeli, Kevin Mearns, and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Opportunities to Improve Eco-Agriculture through Transboundary Governance in Transfrontier Conservation Areas." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060461.
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Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) are critical biodiversity areas for the conservation and sustainable use of biological and cultural resources while promoting regional peace, cooperation, and socio-economic development. Sustainable management of TFCAs is dependent on the availability of an eco-agriculture framework that promotes integrated management of conservation mosaics in terms of food production, environmental protection or the conservation of natural resources, and improved human livelihoods. As a developmental framework, eco-agriculture is significantly influenced by existing legal and governance structures at all levels; this study assessed the impact of existing legal and governance frameworks on eco-agriculture implementation in the Lubombo TFCA that cuts across the borders between Mozambique, Eswatini, and South Africa. The assessment used a mixed research method, including a document review, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Although the three countries have no eco-agriculture policies, biodiversity practices are directly or indirectly affected by some policies related to environmental protection, agriculture improvement, and rural development. The assessment found that South Africa has the most comprehensive policies related to eco-agriculture; Mozambican policies mainly focus on equity and involvement of disadvantaged social groups, while Eswatini is conspicuous for explicitly making it the responsibility of each citizen to protect and safeguard the environment. The protection of conservation areas is critical to preserving natural habitats and ensuring the continued provision of ecosystem services. The lack of transboundary governance structures results in the Lubombo TFCA existing as a treaty on paper, as there are no clear processes for transboundary cooperation and collaboration.
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Cui, Christina L., Hanaa Dakour-Aridi, Jinny J. Lu, Kevin S. Yei, Marc L. Schermerhorn, and Mahmoud B. Malas. "In-Hospital Outcomes of Urgent, Early, or Late Revascularization for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis." Stroke 53, no. 1 (January 2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.032410.
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Background and Purpose: Advancements in carotid revascularization have produced promising outcomes in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. However, the optimal timing of revascularization procedures after symptomatic presentation remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare in-hospital outcomes of transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR), transfemoral carotid stenting (TFCAS), or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed within different time intervals after most recent symptoms. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of United States patients in the vascular quality initiative. All carotid revascularizations performed for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis between September 2016 and November 2019 were included. Procedures were categorized as urgent (0–2 days after most recent symptom), early (3–14 days), or late (15–180 days). The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital stroke and death. Secondary outcomes include in-hospital stroke, death, and transient ischemic attacks. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare outcomes. Results: A total of 18 643 revascularizations were included: 2006 (10.8%) urgent, 7423 (39.8%) early, and 9214 (49.42%) late. Patients with TFCAS had the highest rates of stroke/death at all timing cohorts (urgent: 4.0% CEA, 6.9% TFCAS, 6.5% TCAR, P =0.018; early: 2.5% CEA, 3.8% TFCAS, 2.9% TCAR, P =0.054; late: 1.6% CEA, 2.8% TFCAS, 2.3% TCAR, P =0.003). TFCAS also had increased odds of in-hospital stroke/death compared with CEA in all 3 groups (urgent adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0–2.9] P =0.03; early aOR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.4] P =0.01; and late aOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.2–3.0] P =0.01). TCAR and CEA had comparable odds of in-hospital stroke/death in all 3 groups (urgent aOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 0.9–4], P =0.10), (early aOR, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.7–1.7], P =0.66), (late aOR, 1.5 [95% CI, 0.9–2.3], P =0.08). Conclusions: CEA remains the safest method of revascularization within the urgent period. Among revascularization performed outside of the 48 hours, TCAR and CEA have comparable outcomes.
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Hanks, John. "Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in Southern Africa." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 17, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v17n01_08.
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Chen, Jingxian, Feng Li, Xuejun Zhang, and Bin Li. "An Assistant System for Translation Flipped Classroom." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010327.
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To achieve the goal of training translators that meet the current social needs, the innovation of translation teaching methods is necessary. Studies have proven that students in flipped classrooms (FCs) have greater performance than students in traditional classrooms. However, the preparation time for FCs could be three times higher than that of traditional classrooms, which leads to the reluctance of teachers to conduct FCs. Machine translation (MT) is believed to be a useful tool to improve the translation efficiency of human translators. However, in practice, teachers found that many students cannot work with MT effectively. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a Translation Flipped Classroom Assistance System (TFCAS) based on cloud computing and MT. A parameter is proposed to measure students’ ability to translate evaluation. TFCAS has reduced the burden of teachers in the FC mode and helped students become accustomed to working with MT. Application data stored in the MySQL database, such as sentence pairs, will be used to optimize the neural machine translation model we developed for the system. The system makes MT and the training of translators support each other’s sustainable development and conforms to the trend of deepening teaching reform.
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Hanks, J. "Conservation strategies for Africa's large mammals." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 8 (2001): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01070.
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Africa’s large mammals are conserved for their aesthetic, scientific and economic values. Many of these species face a gloomy future precipitated by a combination of factors directly and indirectly influenced by the activities of man, including habitat loss, overexploitation, poor management of designated protected areas, and the vulnerability of small isolated populations. Africa’s designated protected areas and biodiversity hotspots are also under threat, highlighting the importance of embracing community participation to address accelerating poverty and malnutrition. Innovative strategies are required for the conservation of Africa’s mammals, such as the integration of a wide range of species in the production landscape, including the farming community. Transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) have been established with the combined objectives of conserving biodiversity, creating new jobs in the tourism and wildlife industry, and promoting a culture of peace. These areas extend far beyond traditional national parks, providing opportunities for integrating large mammals into sustainable land-use practices, at the same time as addressing some of the continent’s more pressing socioeconomic needs. Research on African mammals will inevitably have to change direction to accommodate the growing threats and changed circumstances. Priorities will include the identification of corridors associated with TFCA establishment, the determination of the economic value of certain species in consumptive use programmes, research on contraception as a management option in restricted areas, and further work on the indirect use value of species. There will also be worthwhile opportunities to be pursued with ex situ conservation programmes, but these need to be focussed more efficiently.
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Henley, Michelle D., Robin M. Cook, Anka Bedetti, Jessica Wilmot, Adine Roode, Carlos L. Pereira, João Almeida, and António Alverca. "A Phased Approach to Increase Human Tolerance in Elephant Corridors to Link Protected Areas in Southern Mozambique." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010085.
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Pathfinding elephants are moving through human dominated landscapes, often across international boundaries, thereby playing a vital role in connecting protected areas. Their movements are a call to action to not only understand their spatial requirements but to urgently work towards innovative ways to make people’s livelihoods compatible with conservation outcomes so that coexistence and connected landscapes can prevail. We discuss the first three phases of a long-term strategy to conserve elephant corridors whilst incorporating the socio-economic needs of the people that share the landscape with them. We present a comprehensive satellite-tracking history of elephants across two transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA), represented by Great Limpopo- and Lubombo TFCAs and involving four countries (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini) to flag where linking corridors exist. We use innovative cafeteria-style experiments to understand which elephant-unpalatable plants would offer lucrative alternative income streams to farmers living in human–elephant-conflict hotspots. The most suitable unpalatable plants are chosen based not only on whether they are unpalatable to elephants, but also on their life history traits and growth prerequisites. We consider a combination of potential economic values (food, essential oil, medicinal and bee fodder value) to ensure that selected plants would accommodate changing economic markets. Lastly, we highlight the importance of combining food security measures with ensuring people’s safety by means of deploying rapid-response units. By implementing these three phases as part of a longer-term strategy, we draw closer to ensuring the protection of bioregions to achieve biodiversity objectives at a landscape scale.
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CARON, A., E. MIGUEL, C. GOMO, P. MAKAYA, D. M. PFUKENYI, C. FOGGIN, T. HOVE, and M. de GARINE-WICHATITSKY. "Relationship between burden of infection in ungulate populations and wildlife/livestock interfaces." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 7 (February 26, 2013): 1522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000204.
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SUMMARYIn southern African transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs), people, livestock and wildlife share space and resources in semi-arid landscapes. One consequence of the coexistence of wild and domestic herbivores is the risk of pathogen transmission. This risk threatens local livelihoods relying on animal production, public health in the case of zoonoses, national economies in the context of transboundary animal diseases, and the success of integrated conservation and development initiatives. The level of interaction between sympatric wild and domestic hosts, defining different wildlife/livestock interfaces, characterizes opportunities of pathogen transmission between host populations. Exploring the relationship between infection burden and different types of wildlife/domestic interfaces is therefore necessary to manage the sanitary risk in animal populations through control options adapted to these multi-host systems. Here, we assessed the infection burdens of sympatric domestic cattle (Bos taurus/Bos indicus) and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) at an unfenced interface and compared the infection burdens of cattle populations at different wildlife/livestock interfaces in the Great Limpopo TFCA. Patterns of infection in ungulate populations varied between wild and domestic hosts and between cattle populations at different wildlife/livestock interfaces. Foot-and-mouth disease, Rift Valley fever and theileriosis infections were detected in buffalo and cattle at unfenced interfaces; bovine tuberculosis was only present in buffalo; and brucellosis and lumpy skin disease only in cattle. At unfenced interfaces, cattle populations presented significantly higher Theileria parva and brucellosis prevalence. We hypothesize that cattle populations at wildlife/livestock interfaces face an increased risk of infection compared to those isolated from wildlife, and that the type of interface could influence the diversity and quantity of pathogens shared. Additional host behavioural and molecular epidemiological studies need to be conducted to support this hypothesis. If it is confirmed, the management of wildlife/livestock interfaces will need to be considered through the prism of livestock and public health.
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Sinthumule, Ndidzulafhi Innocent. "Multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas: the case of Greater Mapungubwe straddling parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 34, no. 34 (December 1, 2016): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0038.
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Abstract Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) have recently emerged as the 21st century approach to managing protected areas in southern Africa. Unlike national parks and other protected areas that place emphasis only on the protection of plant and animal species within their borders, transfrontier conservation areas promote conservation beyond the borders of protected areas. Consequently, this mega-conservation initiative encourage multiple land-use practices with the purpose of improving rural livelihoods whilst promoting biodiversity conservation. Thus, land parcels under different forms of tenure are brought together into a common nature conservation project. This study argues that the integration of various land-use practices within one area benefits conservation goals at the expense of local communities and irrigation farmers. To substantiate this argument, the study draws on fieldwork material collected in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area spanning parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The study concludes that multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas is only promoted by wildlife managers to gain access to extra land.
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Noe, Christine. "Regionalizing Tourism through Transfrontier Conservation: Implications for Local Development in Southern Africa." African Review 47, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340016.
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Abstract The term ‘region’ no longer functions to denote a strictly geographical or spatial reference (Söderbaum, 2003). Owing to the radical shift in the conception of regions, their role in promoting local development has likewise changed drastically over time. Nowadays regions are conceived as multi-dimensional networks that emerge through partnerships between states and non-state actors, linking together local and foreign individuals and companies, powerful and powerless individuals and their communities. Rather than existing as bounded spatial expanses per se, regions in this expanded sense are fluid, continually constructed and deconstructed by the practices of these different partners and therefore their parameters are in perpetual flux. This paper explores how the practices of nature conservation and the promotion of nature-based tourism have contributed to the creation of new regions in this sense. The paper applies the case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and their constructions as cross-border regions of significance for promoting tourism. The paper draws some insights from studies that have examined transfrontier tourism to demonstrate how different actors have acquired political support and legitimacy for promoting cross-border tourism but that on-the-ground experiences have not matched the claims that tourism promotes local development. The main argument of the paper is that regional-wide conservation initiatives through which cross-border tourism is promoted by different partners have had spatial implications that are largely associated with various kinds of local livelihood (in) securities.
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Smith, W. Bret. "TFAS Special Focus." Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery 13, no. 4 (December 2014): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/btf.0000000000000067.
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Arroyo, F. Delgado, CF Castro-Guerrero, and U. León-Silva. "Thin films of cellulose acetate nanofibers from cigarette butt waste." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 36, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619895024.
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Cigarette waste pollutes the environment and is a desired problem to be addressed by humans. However, such waste can be recycled by converting it into raw material for the manufacture of new products. In this study, cigarette butt waste was collected and used for fabricating thin films of cellulose acetate nanofibers (TFCAN) through electrospinning or acid hydrolysis processes. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the structural and thermal properties of TFCAN. FTIR and TGA results for the TFCAN obtained from acid hydrolysis process showed similar behavior for cellulose nanocrystals. The images from scanning electron and atomic force microscope confirmed the obtaining of TFCAN.
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Yumiya, Hiroyuki, Mikio Kizaki, and Hisao Asai. "Toyota Fuel Cell System (TFCS)." World Electric Vehicle Journal 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj7010085.
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Zupanič, Nina, Maša Hribar, Hristo Hristov, Živa Lavriša, Anita Kušar, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, et al. "Dietary Intake of trans Fatty Acids in the Slovenian Population." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010207.
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Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFAs) has been unequivocally linked to several adverse health effects, with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease being one of the most well understood. To reduce TFA-related morbidity and mortality, several countries have imposed voluntary or mandatory measures to minimize the content of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) in the food supply. In 2018, Slovenia introduced a ban on iTFAs on top of preceding voluntary calls to industry to reduce its use of partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) as the main source of iTFAs. To investigate the consumption of TFAs, data available from the nationally representative dietary survey SI.Menu were analyzed. The survey consisted of two 24-h non-consecutive day recalls from 1248 study participants from three age groups (10–17, 18–64, 65–74 years old), combined with socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle parameters. The analyses demonstrated that, on average, TFAs accounted for 0.38–0.50% of total energy intake (TEI). However, 13% of adolescents, 29.4% of adults, and 41.8% of the elderly population still consumed more than 0.50% TEI with TFAs. The main sources of TFAs in the diet were naturally present TFAs from butter, meat dishes, and meat products, regardless of the age group. Results indicate that following the reformulation activities, the major sources of TFAs in the diets of the Slovenian population now represent foods which are natural sources of TFAs.
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Diwase, Deepali, and Pujashree Vidap. "TFCWS: Testing Framework for composite web services." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 4 (April 30, 2014): 4405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i4.2858.
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In every business domain Web Services are more popular solutions to implement the software. Composite web service can be created by combining basic web services. Many unreliable web services are deployed on the internet. Hence, testing is required to ensure reliability. Software testers have great challenges to test web services. Source code of web services is unavailable. The Testing Framework is used to test web services without knowledge of its internal structure. In this paper, we have proposed a Testing Framework for Composite Web Services (TFCWS). It generates report which shows the total number of test cases executed for each web service with pass or fail status of each test case. It calculates the throughput of web service and response time of each test case. We have used web services response times for analysis of TFCWS, Soap UI and Storm.
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Jasińska-Melon, Edyta, Hanna Mojska, Beata Przygoda, and Katarzyna Stoś. "Trans Fatty Acids Content in Whole-Day Diets Intended for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Gynaecological and Obstetric Wards: Findings from the Study under the “Mum’s Diet” Pilot Program in Poland." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163360.
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Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been proven to have an adverse effect on human health by interfering with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) synthesis. LC-PUFA n-3 are necessary for the development and maturation of the nervous system and retina during the prenatal period and infancy. TFAs are not synthesized de novo in the human body. Their presence in body fluids arises from the diet. The aim of our study was to determine the content of TFAs in individual meals and in a whole-day hospital diet intended for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Samples were collected from six different hospitals in Poland which voluntarily applied to the “Mum’s Diet” Pilot Program. The content of fatty acids, including TFAs, was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The TFAs content in the whole-day hospital diets ranged from 3.86 to 8.37% of all fatty acids (% wt/wt). Food products served for elevenses and afternoon snacks contributed the highest amounts of TFAs. These mainly included dairy products containing TFAs of natural origins. The estimated average intake of TFAs with the hospital diet was 0.72 g/person/day (range: 0.34–1.16 g/person/day) and did not exceed the maximum level of 1% of dietary energy recommended by the World Health Organization.
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Mazidi, Mohsen, Hong-kai Gao, and Andre Pascal Kengne. "Inflammatory Markers Are Positively Associated with Serumtrans-Fatty Acids in an Adult American Population." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3848201.
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Background and Aim. The relationship between serumtrans-fatty acids (TFAs) and systemic inflammation markers is unclear. We investigated the association of serum TFAs with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen in adult Americans.Methods. The 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants with measured data on hs-CRP and fibrinogen were included. TFAs were measured via capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization. Analysis of covariance and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between these parameters, accounting for the survey design.Results. Of the 5446 eligible participants, 46.8% (n=2550) were men. The mean age was 47.1 years overall: 47.8 years in men and 46.5 years in women (p=0.085). After adjustment for age and sex, mean serum TFAs rose with the increasing quarters of hs-CRP and fibrinogen (bothp<0.001). In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, marital status, body mass index, and smoking, serum TFAs were an independent predictor of plasma hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels.Conclusion. A high level of TFAs appears to be a contributor to an unfavourable inflammatory profile. Because serum TFAs concentrations are affected by dietary TFA intake, these data suggest a possible contribution of TFAs intake modulation in the prevention of inflammation-related chronic diseases.
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Telljohann, Volker, Isabel Da Costa, Torsten Müller, Udo Rehfeldt, and Reingard Zimmer. "European and international framework agreements: new tools of transnational industrial relations." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 15, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10242589090150031701.
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In recent years transnational framework agreements (TFAs) at global and European level have emerged as a new tool of regulation within transnational companies. Based on an outline of the origins of TFAs, a quantitative overview of TFAs and an analysis of the strategies pursued by global and European union federations in concluding TFAs, this article discusses whether and how these new tools advance the internationalisation of industrial relations. The article concludes that a whole range of sector- and company-specific conditions must exist for a TFA to be signed. Where they exist, TFAs give global and European union federations as well as European Works Councils a recognised place in the area of global social regulation, and there are cases in which they have successfully been used to solve local conflicts. Research carried out by the authors suggests that TFAs, if used strategically, have the potential to contribute to the development of international industrial relations at company level and even, in the long term, to facilitate the trade unions’ organising activities. However, because of the small number of TFAs, currently fewer than 150, their contribution to the internationalisation of industrial relations has so far remained limited.
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Sharma, Nitya, Kathryn Pellegrini, Veronique Ouellet, Felipe Giuste, Selvi Ramalingam, Kenneth Watanabe, Eloise Adam-Granger, et al. "Identification of the Transcription Factor Relationships Associated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy Response and Metastatic Progression in Prostate Cancer." Cancers 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100379.
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Background: Patients with locally advanced or recurrent prostate cancer typically undergo androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but the benefits are often short-lived and the responses variable. ADT failure results in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which inevitably leads to metastasis. We hypothesized that differences in tumor transcriptional programs may reflect differential responses to ADT and subsequent metastasis. Results: We performed whole transcriptome analysis of 20 patient-matched Pre-ADT biopsies and 20 Post-ADT prostatectomy specimens, and identified two subgroups of patients (high impact and low impact groups) that exhibited distinct transcriptional changes in response to ADT. We found that all patients lost the AR-dependent subtype (PCS2) transcriptional signatures. The high impact group maintained the more aggressive subtype (PCS1) signal, while the low impact group more resembled an AR-suppressed (PCS3) subtype. Computational analyses identified transcription factor coordinated groups (TFCGs) enriched in the high impact group network. Leveraging a large public dataset of over 800 metastatic and primary samples, we identified 33 TFCGs in common between the high impact group and metastatic lesions, including SOX4/FOXA2/GATA4, and a TFCG containing JUN, JUNB, JUND, FOS, FOSB, and FOSL1. The majority of metastatic TFCGs were subsets of larger TFCGs in the high impact group network, suggesting a refinement of critical TFCGs in prostate cancer progression. Conclusions: We have identified TFCGs associated with pronounced initial transcriptional response to ADT, aggressive signatures, and metastasis. Our findings suggest multiple new hypotheses that could lead to novel combination therapies to prevent the development of CRPC following ADT.
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Lee, Warren T. K., Sophie S. F. Leung, Y. C. Xu, S. H. Wang, W. P. Zeng, Joseph Lau, and Susan J. Fairweather-Tait. "Effects of double-blind controlled calcium supplementation on calcium absorption in chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca)." British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 2 (February 1995): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950032.
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A double-blind controlled Ca supplementation trial was conducted for 6 months in thirty-four 7-year-old Chinese children from Hongkong and Jiangmen, China. The children were randomly allocated to the study group (n 17) or control group (n 17), and a CaCO3 tablet (300 mg Ca) or a placebo tablet was taken daily. True fractional Ca absorption (TFCA) was evaluated before and after the trial using stable isotopes: 8 mg44Ca mixed in 100 g chocolate milk was given after an intravenous injection of 0·75 mg 42Ca. There was no significant difference in baseline TFCA between the study group (60·6 (SD 11·4)%) and the controls (58·2 (SD 9.0)% P = 0·55). Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were comparable between the two groups (P = 0·71). After 6 months, TFCA of the study group (55·6 (SD 12·7)%) was significantly lower than that of the controls (64·3 (SD 10·7)% P = 0·015). By comparing the individual changes in TFCA after the trial between the two groups there was a non-significant reduction in TFCA (5·03 (SD 12·4)% P = 0·11, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) in the study group (60·6–55·6%), whereas a significant increase in TFCA (6·17(SD 7·7)% P = 0·004, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was observed in the controls (58·2–64·3%). The differential in TFCA between the two groups after 6 months was significantly different (P = 0·001), and remained significant after adjustment for baseline dietary intakes, weight and height by multiple-regression analysis (P = 0·003). If the mechanism of TFCA from chocolate milk in response to the treatment effects is similar to that from the total diet, then our results suggest that children with adequate vitamin D status can adapt to a change in Ca intake by adjusting the efficiency of TFCA. In corollary, children on habitually-low Ca diets have a higher TFCA than the counterparts with higher Ca diets.
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Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat, Giulia Collatuzzo, Hamideh Rashidian, Maryam Hadji, Mahin Gholipour, Elham Mohebbi, Farin Kamangar, et al. "Dietary Ruminant and Industrial Trans-Fatty Acids Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224912.
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As colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely due to modifiable lifestyle habits, the awareness on its risk factors is highly important. Dietary fatty acids have been linked to CRC risk. We explored the association between dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) intake and CRC risk. We analyzed 865 CRC cases (434 in colon and 404 in rectum) and 3206 controls of the IROPICAN study, with data collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. TFAs intake (industrial and ruminant types) was categorized into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for the association between CRC and TFAs. We observed a positive association between industrial TFAs and colon cancer (OR for highest vs lowest quartile [ORQ4vsQ1] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.54). A higher association was observed between industrial TFAs and CRC, occurring after 50 years of age. In addition, elaidic acid was associated with an increased risk of colon (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.58, 1.24–2.02) and specifically of proximal colon cancer (OR Q4vsQ1 = 2.12, 1.40–3.20), as well as of rectum cancer (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.40, 1.07–1.83). An inverse association was observed between ruminant TFAs intake and colon cancer risk (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.80, 0.67–0.97). Industrial TFAs, such as semisolid/solid hydrogenated oils, may increase the risk of CRC, especially colon and proximal colon cancer. In contrast, ruminant TFAs do not appear to be associated with CRC. Awareness programs and regulatory actions regarding hydrogenated oils are warranted, given their high consumption through ultra-processed foods in more developed and less developed countries.
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Tu, Shikui, Runsheng Chen, and Lei Xu. "Transcription Network Analysis by A Sparse Binary Factor Analysis Algorithm." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2012-198.
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Summary Transcription factor activities (TFAs), rather than expression levels, control gene expres- sion and provide valuable information for investigating TF-gene regulations. The underly- ing bimodal or switch-like patterns of TFAs may play important roles in gene regulation. Network Component Analysis (NCA) is a popular method to deduce TFAs and TF-gene control strengths from microarray data. However, it does not directly examine the bimodal- ity of TFAs and it needs the TF-gene connection topology to be a priori known. In this paper, we modify NCA to model gene expression regulation by Binary Factor Analysis (BFA), which directly captures switch-like patterns of TFAs. Moreover, sparse technique is employed on the mixing matrix of BFA, and thus the proposed sparse BYY-BFA al- gorithm, developed under Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) learning framework, can not only uncover the latent TFA profile’s switch-like patterns, but also be capable of automatically shutting off the unnecessary connections. Simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of BYY-BFA, and a preliminary application to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle data and Escherichia coli carbon source transition data shows that the reconstructed binary pat- terns of TFAs by BYY-BFA are consistent with the ups and downs of TFAs by NCA, and that BYY-BFA also works well when the network topology is unknown.
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Sarnyai, Farkas, Anna Somogyi, Zsófia Gór-Nagy, Veronika Zámbó, Péter Szelényi, Judit Mátyási, Laura Simon-Szabó, Éva Kereszturi, Blanka Tóth, and Miklós Csala. "Effect of cis- and trans-Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Palmitate Toxicity and on Palmitate-induced Accumulation of Ceramides and Diglycerides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072626.
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Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been implicated in serious health risks, yet little is known about their cellular effects and metabolism. We aim to undertake an in vitro comparison of two representative TFAs (elaidate and vaccenate) to the best-characterized endogenous cis-unsaturated FA (oleate). The present study addresses the possible protective action of TFAs on palmitate-treated RINm5F insulinoma cells with special regards to apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the underlying ceramide and diglyceride (DG) accumulation. Both TFAs significantly improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis in palmitate-treated cells. They mildly attenuated palmitate-induced XBP-1 mRNA cleavage and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but they were markedly less potent than oleate. Accordingly, all the three unsaturated FAs markedly reduced cellular palmitate incorporation and prevented harmful ceramide and DG accumulation. However, more elaidate or vaccenate than oleate was inserted into ceramides and DGs. Our results revealed a protective effect of TFAs in short-term palmitate toxicity, yet they also provide important in vitro evidence and even a potential mechanism for unfavorable long-term health effects of TFAs compared to oleate.
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Hagemeijer, Noortje, Bart Lubberts, Jirawat Saengsin, Rohan Bhimani, Go Sato, Gregory R. Waryasz, Gino Kerkhoffs, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Portable Dynamic Ultrasonography Versus Fluoroscopy for the Evaluation of Syndesmotic Instability: A Cadaveric Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00043.
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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmotic instability, when subtle, is challenging to diagnose and often requires visualization of the syndesmosis during applied stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) values measured with 1) a portable ultrasound (US) device and 2) fluoroscopy during applied external roation stress for the evaluation of syndesmotic instability. Methods: Eight fresh lower leg cadaveric specimen amputated above the proximal tibiofibular joint were used in this study. Portable US device (Butterfly iQ, Butterfly Network Inc) images and fluoroscopic images taken by a mini C-arm were used to evaluate the ankle syndesmosis in the intact stage, and after sequentially sectioning of the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), interosseous ligament (IOL), and posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) at 7.5Nm torque. A Pearson’s correlation was performed to investigate the correlation between the TFCS among the two modalities. A paired t-test was used to compare TFCS values measured with US or fluoroscopy. Three cadavers were measured by two independent observers to assess reliability of the measurements for each diagnostic modality and analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). P-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean TFCS (+- SD mm) values measured with the US and fluoroscopy are presented in Table 1. TFCS values obtained with the US and fluoroscopy correlated (rho 0.60). Between the imaging modalities similar TFCS values were found in the intact state (difference 0.81+-1.0, p-value 0.061). Compared with fluoroscopy, the TFCS values measured using US increased significantly after sequential transection of the AITFL (0.039), IOL (p=0.004) and PITFL (p<0.001). The ICC for measuring the TFCS with US was 0.86 and 0.84 with fluoroscopy indicating excellent agreement. Conclusion: During application of an external rotation force to the ankle, US and fluoroscopic TFCS measurements among different stages of syndesmotic ligamentous injury correlate. However, compared with fluoroscopy, a portable US ultrasound device seems to be a more sensitive diagnostic technique to evaluate subtle syndesmotic instability. [Table: see text]
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Prada, Marcela, Clemens Wittenbecher, Fabian Eichelmann, Andreas Wernitz, Olga Kuxhaus, Janine Kröger, Cornelia Weikert, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Plasma Industrial and Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort." Diabetes Care 45, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1897.
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OBJECTIVE Although dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined associations of TFAs with incident T2D. RESULTS The TFA subtypes were intercorrelated with each other, with other fatty acids, and with different food sources. After controlling for other TFAs, the iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not associated with diabetes risk. Some rTFA subtypes were inversely associated with diabetes risk: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7t; hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.72; 95% CI 0.58–0.89) and t10c12-CLA (HR per SD 0.81; 95% CI 0.70–0.94), whereas c9t11-CLA was positively associated (HR per SD 1.39; 95% CI 1.19–1.62). Trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) was not associated with diabetes risk when adjusting for the other TFAs (HR per SD 1.08; 95% CI 0.88–1.31). CONCLUSIONS The TFAs’ conformation plays an essential role in their relationship to diabetes risk. rTFA subtypes may have opposing relationships to diabetes risk. Previous observations for reduced diabetes risk with higher levels of circulating trans-palmitoleic acid are likely due to confounding.
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Li, Chaoyang, Patricia Richter, Laura Cobb, Heather Kuiper, Jennifer Seymour, and Hubert Vesper. "Dietary Sources of Plasma Trans-Fatty Acids Among Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009–2010." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_064.
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Abstract Objectives Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase risk of heart disease morbidity and mortality. There are two major sources from foods: industrially produced or artificial TFAs and ruminant or natural TFAs. Dietary TFA intake is estimated to cause half a million deaths annually worldwide and WHO has called for elimination of industrially produced TFAs from the global food supply by 2023. Little is known about these dietary sources for plasma TFAs. The objective of this study was to examine associations between foods consumed and plasma TFA levels using linked data of 24-hour dietary recall and plasma TFA measures among adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the NHANES 2009–2010 in the United States. Methods Over 4400 food products in the dietary interview data were categorized into 32 food and beverage groups/subgroups. Four major plasma TFAs (palmitelaidic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linolelaidic acid) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associations of plasma TFAs with all 32 food and beverage groups/subgroups, controlling potential confounding effects of 11 demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, lifestyle, and health-related risk factors. Results Consumption of foods in the following food groups/ subgroups were positively associated with elevated plasma TFA levels: cream substitute (P < 0.0001); cakes, cookies, and pies (P < 0.001); milk and milk desserts (P < 0.05); beef and lamb (P < 0.05); and butter (P < 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that these five food groups/ subgroups could be the main dietary sources of plasma TFAs among adults in the United States in 2009–2010. Funding Sources N/A.
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Yoon, Kyungwoo, Soo Young Chae, and Kiyoung Kim. "Altitudinal Visual Field Defects Following Diagnostic Transfemoral Cerebral Angiography." Medicina 57, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060567.
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Transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) has been increasingly used as diagnostic method for the evaluation of cerebral vessels. Ophthalmologic complication after TFCA has rarely been reported, and most complications are associated with an intraoperative thrombo-embolic event. We reported a patient who developed a superior altitudinal visual field defect one day after diagnostic TFCA. The ophthalmic exam revealed a prominent inferior optic disc edema, and the fluorescein angiographic showed the non-perfusion of the corresponding inferior sectoral optic disc. Diffusion-weighted MRI on the day following cerebral angiography revealed multiple focal scattered acute infarctions. Even one month after steroid pulse therapy, the superior nasal field defect remained with minimal improvement. We believe this case was consistent with an acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) due to thrombo-embolism after TFCA. Ophthalmic examinations and a visual field test should be performed before and immediately after the TFCA, particularly in the case with a high risk of thromboembolic events.
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Mawali, Maharja, Koekoeh Santoso, Nastiti Kusumorini, Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas, and Atin Supiyani. "DETERMINASI PEMBERIAN MINYAK TRANS TERHADAP STRES OKSIDATIF PADA TIKUS GALUR WISTAR DENGAN MALONDIALDEHIDA PANKREAS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR." BIOMA 11, no. 2 (May 9, 2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma11(2).10.
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ABSTRACT
Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are the entire unsaturated fatty acids containing one or more double bonds isolated in trans configuration believed as predisposing factor of oxidative stress, excluding conjugated double bond fatty acids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation used as oxidative stress marker. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between TFAs containing-oil (consists of 3-6% TFAs) intake at various administration doses and pancreatic MDA levels in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were grouped according to administration doses (20%, 40%, 60% of given feed total energy and control group). TFAs containing-oil was administered orally once a day for 70 days at given doses by force feeding. Pancreatic MDA were measured using TBARS assay adapted from Singh et al. (2006). Increase of TFAs containing-oil administration dose caused insignificant increase of pancreatic MDA level.
Keywords: trans fatty acids, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, Wistar rats, palm oil
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Adhikari, Tuladhar, Hussain, and Aryal. "Are Traditional Food Crops Really ‘Future Smart Foods?’ A Sustainability Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 5236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195236.
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Abstract: This study attempted to assess the potential of traditional food crops (TFCs) to be ‘future smart foods’ through the lens of sustainability. Our study mainly relied on the primary data collected from farm households (n = 89) in the high mountains of Nepal and the hills of Bangladesh. The study found that farmers are gradually abandoning the cultivation of TFCs. In the last decade, cash crops such as mustard and cardamom in study villages in Nepal (SVN) and fruits and coffee in study villages in Bangladesh (SVB) were adopted to replace TFCs. In overall calorie intake at the household level, TFCs contributed only 3% and 7% respectively, in SVN and SVB. A sustainability analysis showed that TFCs have a huge potential to be ‘future smart foods’ because they are socially acceptable, have high nutritional values (social sustainability), and are key to the agrobiodiversity and resilience of farming systems (environmental sustainability). They also have the potential to improve famers’ income and are more efficient in energy use during production cycles (economic sustainability). To promote TFCs as a sustainable solution for local farming systems and nutrition security, there is the need for a behavior change of both farmers and consumers, respectively, through the favorable policy environment and public awareness.
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Samsiripong, Weerapak, Sirinya Phulkerd, Umaporn Pattaravanich, and Manasigan Kanchanachitra. "Understanding the Complexities of Eliminating Trans Fatty Acids: The Case of the Trans Fatty Acid Ban in Thailand." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 2748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132748.
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Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have no known health benefits and are linked to an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). To eliminate TFAs from the food supply, the government of Thailand imposed a ban on partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) in 2018. This study was aimed at analyzing the government policies and actions to eliminate TFAs in Thailand, focusing on policy content, context, process, and actors. This single-case qualitative study used a documentary review and interviews with 20 key policy actors. The data analysis was guided by thematic analysis based on the policy triangle framework. The results reveal that policy actors—government organizations, academics, civil society organizations, and the food industry—have different roles, interests, and influences with regard to eliminating TFAs in Thailand. Both formal and informal communication among policy actors aided in the policymaking process and the actions that followed. Changing perceptions of TFAs, the low intake of PHOs in Thailand, hype around trans fats, and trade dynamics shaped the government’s decision to impose the ban. As a result, the ban was selected to avoid the technical components of TFA elimination. This study suggests that eliminating TFAs in Thailand could be further enhanced by strengthening government actions in terms of enforcement and creating consumer awareness.
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Mazidi, Mohsen, Arrigo F. Cicero, Andre Pascal Kengne, and Maciej Banach. "Association Between Plasma Trans-Fatty Acid Concentrations and Measures of Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults in NHANES 1999-2000." Angiology 69, no. 7 (December 14, 2017): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319717745987.
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There is limited evidence on the association between plasma trans-fatty acids (TFAs) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma TFA concentrations and glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in adult Americans from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Derivatized TFAs were separated by capillary gas chromatography. Of the 1678 participants, 46.5% were men. The mean age was 50.5 years overall, with no significant difference between men and women ( P = .101). In age-, sex- and race-adjusted analyses, mean waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) increased across increasing quarters of TFAs (for all P < .001), while mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased across increasing quarters of plasma TFAs ( P < .001). In multivariable adjusted linear regressions, there remained significant positive associations between all plasma TFAs and body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TGs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TC ( P < .001). In conclusion, our findings support a possible association between plasma TFAs concentrations and measures of glucose homeostasis and several CV risk factors.
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Takeuchi, Hiroyuki, and Michihiro Sugano. "IndustrialTransFatty Acid and Serum Cholesterol: The Allowable Dietary Level." Journal of Lipids 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9751756.
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Transfatty acid (TFA) from partially hydrogenated oil is regarded as the worst dietary fatty acid per gram due to its role in coronary heart disease. TFA consumption is decreasing worldwide, but some but not all observational studies indicate that TFA intake has little relevance to serum cholesterol levels in populations with low TFA intake (<1%E[percentage of total energy intake], <approximately 2 g/day). Few intervention trials examined the effect of TFAs on blood cholesterol at relatively low levels (<2%E); no definite evidence is available on the tolerable upper level of the intake. A series of our intervention studies in Japanese suggested that an industrial TFA intake at <1%Edoes not influence the serum cholesterol level. To establish allowable level, we must consider not only the dietary level of TFAs, but also the composition of dietary fats simultaneously consumed, that is, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids strengthen or counteract the adverse effect of TFAs on serum cholesterol levels. In this review we describe the complex situation of the cardiovascular effects of industrial TFAs. The relationship between dietary industrial TFAs and concentration of plasma cholesterol should be evaluated from the viewpoint of dietary patterns rather than TFAs alone.
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Heitz, Pierre-Henri, Marie-Claude Miron, Marie Beauséjour, Lydia DiLiddo, Mathilde Hupin, and Marie-Lyne Nault. "Ultrasound Assessment of Syndesmotic Injuries in a Pediatric Population." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00522.
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Background: Syndesmotic injuries have a higher prevalence in athletes and can present long-term complications particularly in pediatric population. Early diagnosis is necessary and can be done using various modalities, but, they either present poor sensitivity, poor clinical feasibility or are exclusively static. Ultrasound (US) could compensate for those drawbacks. Hypothesis/Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine (1) the benefit of direct visualization of the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AiTFL) and (2) tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) cut-off points regarding the integrity of the syndesmotic ligaments using US imaging. Methods: A prospective cohort study including all suspected syndesmotic injury in a pediatric population was done. Participants had both ankles assessed with US imaging for description of AiTFL integrity as our static assessment and for TFCS measures as our dynamic evaluation. For dynamic assessment, the distance between the distal tibia and fibula was first measure in neutral position then in external rotation for each ankle. This providing a total of five different TFCS combinations for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves analysis. Afterward, the syndesmotic ligament complex and deltoid ligament of the injured ankle were examined using MRI as the gold standard. Results: A total of 26 participants with suspected syndesmotic injuries were included. Mean age was 14.8 years (SD = 1.3 years). Mean time between trauma and US imaging was 56 days (SD = 43.9 days). Sensitivity and specificity of direct visualization of the AiTFL were respectively 0.79 and 1.00 with four false negative tests only found on partial tears. Only two TFCS combinations had an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7 and were then considered for further analysis. The two combinations were the TFCS difference between the injured and uninjured ankle in neutral position (TFCS N I-U) and external rotation (TFCS ER I-U). Cut-off points were ranging from 0.23 mm to 0.37 mm for TFCS N I-U and from 0.11 mm to 0. 30 mm for TFCS ER I-U using ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: US imaging does bring an added value as a screening tool for direct visualization of the AiTFL in pediatric patients by having a good sensitivity, an excellent specificity, a low cost and being easily accessible. The complementary use of dynamic evaluation using TFCS measures could also identify dynamic instability. Cut-off points determined in this study had good sensitivity and specificity but, by being under one millimeter, further studies using dynamic US imaging are needed.
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Hagemeijer, Noortje, Rohan Bhimani, Jirawat Saengsin, Bart Lubberts, Gregory R. Waryasz, Gino Kerkhoffs, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Portable Dynamic Ultrasonography is a Useful Tool for the Evaluation of Suspect Syndesmotic Instability: A Cadaveric Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00242.
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Category: Ankle; Sports; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: To evaluate syndesmotic instability by measuring the tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) opening using a portable ultrasound device. In addition, we assessed the optimal amount of external rotation torque required to detect syndesmotic instability. Methods: Eight fresh lower leg cadaveric specimen amputated above the proximal tibiofibular joint were used. Using a portable ultrasound device (Butterfly iQ, Butterfly Network Inc) the ankle syndesmosis was evaluated in the intact stage, and after sequentially sectioning of the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), interosseous ligament (IOL), and posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL)(Figure 1). In each ligamentous sectioning stage TFCS in millimeter (mm) was measured with ultrasound while consecutively 0N, 45N, 60N, 75N, and 90N external rotation directed torque was applied to the ankle. To evaluate which amount of torque would be sufficient to detect syndesmotic instability the delta increase of TFCS opening at different states of torque compared to the unstressed state was calculated. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to detect whether an increase in delta-TFCS opening could be detected between the intact state and consecutive syndesmotic ligament transection stages. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the Bonferroni-Holm correction. Results: Under all torque-loading conditions TFCS (mean+-SDmm) opening increased as additional syndesmosis ligaments were transected (p-values<0.001). With all ligaments intact an increase of TFCS opening was detected during torque increment, ranging from 4.50+-1.2mm at 0N to 5.7+-1.00mm at 90N. After AITFL transection this amount increased from 5.2+-1.4mm at 0N to 6.5+-1.8mm at 90N. After AITFL+IOL transaction from 6.2+-1.3mm at 0N to 10.6+-6.2mm increase at 90N, and after AITFL+IOL+PITFL transection the TFCS opening increased from 6.8+-1.2mm at 0N to 11.1+-2.8mm at 90N. Significant difference from intact was seen after transection of the IOL, already from the unstressed (0N) state on (difference 3.0+-1.4mm, p-value 0.036). Additionally, the AITF+IOL could also be differentiated from AITFL transection stage at 45N with a difference in TFCS opening of 2.06+-1.2mm (p-value 0.006). Conclusion: Portable dynamic ultrasonography is a useful tool to evaluate suspect syndesmotic instability. TFCS opening increased as additional ligaments of the syndesmosis were transected and application of 45N torque seems to be sufficient to detect syndesmotic instability.
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Hagemeijer, Noortje, Bart Lubberts, Jirawat Saengsin, Rohan Bhimani, Go Sato, Gregory R. Waryasz, Gino Kerkhoffs, Christopher W. DiGiovanni, and Daniel Guss. "Portable Dynamic Ultrasonography is a Useful Tool for the Evaluation of Suspected Syndesmotic Instability." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00683.
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Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Portable ultrasonography (P-US) is increasingly used to diagnose syndesmotic instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate syndesmotic instability by measuring the distal tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) in a cadaveric model using P- US with progressive stages of syndesmotic ligamentous transection. Methods: Ten fresh lower leg cadaveric specimens amputated above the proximal tibiofibular joint were used. Using P-US, the TFCS was evaluated in the intact stage and after progressive sectioning of the 1) anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), 2) interosseous ligament (IOL), and 3) posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL). The TFCS was measured in both the unstressed (0 Nm) state and with 4.5 Nm, 6.0 Nm, 7.5 Nm, and 9.0 Nm of external rotation stress at each stage of ligamentous transection stage using both P-US and fluoroscopy. Results: When assessed with P-US, partial syndesmotic injury encompassing the AITFL and IOL resulted in significant TFCS widening at 4.5 Nm of external rotation torque when compared to intact state with a TFCS-opening of 2.6 +- 2 mm, p = 0.01. In contrast, no significant differences in TFCS were detected using fluoroscopy. Only a moderate correlation was found between P- US and fluoroscopy. Conclusion: P-US is much more sensitive than fluoroscopy in diagnosing syndesmotic instability during external rotation stress examination. Extrapolated to the clinical setting, 4.5 Nm of force can be used when comparing to the stressed, uninjured side, and may be better tolerated by patients than higher torque values. When using P-US, a TFCS-opening of 2.6 mm is likely to correlate with syndesmotic instability. While absolute threshold values may vary between individuals, the ready availability of the contralateral, uninjured side overcomes this constraint.
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Pipoyan, Davit, Stella Stepanyan, Seda Stepanyan, Meline Beglaryan, Lara Costantini, Romina Molinari, and Nicolò Merendino. "The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102452.
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Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, etc.) were searched with the key words “trans fatty acid sources”, “ruminant”, “industrial”, “conjugated trans linoleic acid”, “human”, “coronary heart disease”, “cancer”, etc. Reference lists of the studies were scanned discussing the health effects of iTFAs and nTFAs. The review of the literature showed that iTFAs are found to be more harmful than ruminant-produced nTFAs. Although several beneficial effects (such as reduced risk of diabetes) for nTFAs have been observed, they should be used with caution. Since during labeling it is usually not mentioned whether the TFAs contained in food are of industrial or natural origin, the general suggestion is to reduce their consumption.
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Kreling, Kai. "Was können TFAs für die Praxis tun?" pferde spiegel 22, no. 01 (March 2019): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0816-1932.
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Guo, Ming. "Research progress of follicular cytotoxic T cells in HIV infection." Infection International 6, no. 3 (April 10, 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ii-2018-0006.
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Abstract Recently, a new type of CD8+ T-cell subset, namely, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 (CXCR5+) cluster of differentiation (CD8+) T-cell subset (also called the follicular cytotoxic T-cell (TFC) subgroup), has been discovered around B-cell follicles. The discovery has aroused widespread interest. However, the processes and mechanisms of TFCs taking part in the immune response of the germinal center and their specific roles must still be clearly identified. This article reviews domestic and foreign studies on factors regulating the phenotype, physiological functions, maturity, and differentiation of TFCs and roles and clinical significance of these cells in HIV infection. This review has shown good application prospects for TFCs. The author believes that further studies on TFCs can provide another tool for cytotherapy to control or cure chronic viral infections or tumors.
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Patel, Nisha Subhash, Anais Oury, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Gregory A. Daniels, and Sandip Pravin Patel. "Incidence of thyroid function test abnormalities in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer: A single institution retrospective review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e14569-e14569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14569.
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e14569 Background: With the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, thyroid function test abnormalities (TFTA) are common with reported incidence range of 2-15%. Our aim was to describe the incidence of TFTAs retrospectively in patients (pts) on ICI therapy. Methods: 285 pts reviewed (178 male, 107 female; ages 16-94) of which 218 had no baseline TFTA, 61 had baseline TFTAs, and 6 had thyroidectomy (excluded). Pts received at least one dose of ipilimumab (I) and/or nivolumab (N) or pembrolizumab (P). Post-treatment TFTA was classified according to definitions of thyroid abnormalities when possible. Results: A total of 35% (76/218) pts had new onset TFTAs on ICI. Of note, 70.5% (43/61) had baseline TFTA that were exacerbated by ICI. Median time to new onset or exacerbated baseline TFTA were 46 & 33 days respectively. Of note, 65% (20/31) of pts on both I+N had new onset TFTA, compared to 31.3% (15/48) with I, 31.5% (28/89) N, 26% (13/50) P. Conclusions: Incidence of TFTAs with ICI was higher than expected in our pts. Pts with baseline TFTA and/or I+N combination therapy had higher incidence of TFTA than one agent ICI therapy. In conclusion, we recommend more frequent evaluation of TFT in the first two months, especially in those with baseline TFTA. [Table: see text]
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Sarnyai, Farkas, Éva Kereszturi, Kitti Szirmai, Judit Mátyási, Johanna Iman Al-Hag, Tamás Csizmadia, Péter Lőw, et al. "Different Metabolism and Toxicity of TRANS Fatty Acids, Elaidate and Vaccenate Compared to Cis-Oleate in Hepg2 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137298.
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Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are not synthesized in the human body but are generally ingested in substantial amounts. The widespread view that TFAs, particularly those of industrial origin, are unhealthy and contribute to obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is based mostly on in vivo studies, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a hepatoma model of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity to compare the metabolism and effects of the representative industrial and ruminant TFAs, elaidate and vaccenate, respectively, with those of cis-oleate. Cellular FAs, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and ceramides were quantitated using chromatography, markers of stress and apoptosis were assessed at mRNA and protein levels, ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy and viability was evaluated by MTT assay. While TFAs were just slightly more damaging than oleate when applied alone, they were remarkably less protective against palmitate toxicity in cotreatments. These differences correlated with their diverse incorporation into the accumulating diacylglycerols and ceramides. Our results provide in vitro evidence for the unfavorable metabolic features and potent stress-inducing character of TFAs in comparison with oleate. These findings strengthen the reasoning against dietary trans fat intake, and they can also help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity.
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Valenzuela, Carina A., Ella J. Baker, Camila O. De Souza, Elizabeth A. Miles, and Philip C. Calder. "Differential Effects of Ruminant and Industrial 18-Carbon trans-Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (trans Vaccenic and Elaidic) on the Inflammatory Responses of an Endothelial Cell Line." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 5834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195834.
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Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are recognised factors in the development of atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that intake of industrial trans fatty acids (TFAs) promotes endothelial dysfunction, while ruminant TFAs may have the opposite effect. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of elaidic acid (EA (18:1n-9t); an industrially produced TFA) and trans vaccenic acid (TVA (18:1n-7t); a natural TFA found in ruminant milk and meat) on inflammatory responses of endothelial cells (ECs). ECs (EA.hy926 cells) were cultured under standard conditions and exposed to TFAs (1 to 50 μM) for 48 h. Then, the cells were cultured for a further 6 or 24 h with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 1 ng/mL) as an inflammatory stimulant. ECs remained viable after treatments. TFAs were incorporated into ECs in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation with EA (50 µM) increased production of MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-8 in response to TNF-α, while preincubation with TVA (1 µM) decreased production of ICAM-1 and RANTES in response to TNF-α. Preincubation with EA (50 µM) upregulated toll-like receptor 4 and cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in response to TNF-α. In contrast, preincubation with TVA (1 µM) downregulated TNF-α induced nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 gene expression. Preincubation of ECs with EA (50 µM) increased THP-1 monocyte adhesion. In contrast, preincubation of ECs with TVA (1 µM) reduced THP-1 monocyte adhesion, while preincubation of ECs with TVA (50 µM) decreased the level of surface expression of ICAM-1 seen following TNF-α stimulation. The results suggest that TVA has some anti-inflammatory properties, while EA enhances the response to an inflammatory stimulus. These findings suggest differential effects induced by the TFAs tested, fitting with the idea that industrial TFAs and ruminant TFAs can have different and perhaps opposing biological actions in an inflammatory context.
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Kim, Ki Chun, Kyung-tai Lee, and Kiwon Young. "Radiographic Evaluation of the Normal Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis in Neutral to Dorsiflexion on Weight-Bearing." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00279.
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Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Reliable landmarks of ankle syndesmosis change in various position is important for managing ankle injury. The purpose of our study was to investigate and compare radiographic landmarks of normal ankle in various positions. Methods: The study involved both ankle radiographs of 30 subjects (15 males, 15 females) without clinical or radiographic abnormality. Tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) and tibiofibular overlap (TFO) were measured on anteroposterior (AP) and mortise radiographs in non-standing (NS) and standing (S) neutral and dorsiflexion 10 (DF10) and 20 degrees (DF20). The radiographic measurements were used to calculate means, standard deviations, and intra- and interobserver reliabilities, and compare TFCS and TFO in various positions and genders. Results: On the AP view, the mean TFCS in NS, S, DF10, and DF20 positions were 4.00+-0.97, 4.00+-0.83, 4.35+-0.95, and 4.45+-0.89 and the mean TFO on the same positions were 6.58+-2.27, 4.27+-1.90, 3.44+-1.96, and 2.38+-1.91. On the mortise view, the mean TFCS in NS, DF10, and DF20 positions were 3.62+-0.88, 4.08+-0.86, and 3.88+-0.97 and the mean TFO on the same positions were 3.57+-2.13, 2.31+-1.77, and 3.57+-2.14. The reliabilities in all positions except TFCS on some positions were excellent. No measurement was significantly different between females and males except TFO in NS on mortise view (p=0.006) and DF10 on AP view (p=0.032). Conclusion: Increase of TFCS and decrease of TFO on AP view reflects syndesmosis change from non-standing to DF20 on standing. Clinically, Effect of weight-bearing and reliability of TFO should be considered.
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Lee, Warren T. L., Sophie S. F. Leung, Susan J.Fairweather-Tait, Dora M. Y. Leung, Heidi S. Y. Tsang, John Eagles, Tom Fox, et al. "True fractional calcium absorption in Chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca)." British Journal of Nutrition 72, no. 6 (December 1994): 883–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940093.
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True fractional Ca absorption (TFCA) was compared in children with different habitual Ca intakes using a double-label stable-isotope technique. Chinese children aged 7 years from Hongkong (n 22) and Jiangmen (n 12) participated in the study. An oral administration of 8 mg 44Ca in 100 g chocolate milk was given shortly after an intravenous injection of 0·75 mg 42Ca. Ca isotopic ratios were determined in urine samples collected 24 h later using thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. There was no significant difference in TFCA between Jiangmen and Hongkong children (P=0·16). TFCA of a lower-Ca-intake group (Ca > 500 mg/d, n 19) with mean Ca intake 359 mg/d was 63·1 (SD 10·7)%; and that of a higher-Ca-intake group (Ca > 500 mg/d, n 15) with mean Ca intake 862 mg/d was 54·8 (SD 7·3)%; the difference in TFCA was significant (P=0·016). Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol of the children were adequate (33·7 (SD 7·7) ng/ml). The present study indicates that growing children accustomed to a low-Ca diet appear to be able to enhance their absorptive capacity. If it is assumed that dietary Ca absorption by Chinese children resembles their TFCA from a single meal of chocolate milk, then the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Ca for Chinese children would be lower than the US RDA (800 mg/d), which is based on an estimated 40% Ca absorption as reported for Caucasian children. A comparative absorption study is necessary to determine whether there is any difference in TFCA between Caucasian and Chinese children.
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Liu, Changqing, Mao Chen, Dongyi Zhou, Dezhi Wu, and Wei Yu. "Effect of Filler Shape on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Functional Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375135.
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With the rapid development of electronic industry, heat dissipation issue becomes more and more important. Thermal functional composites (TFCs) are usually binary composites, filled with thermal conductive additives (nanomaterials) in matrix, and the composites show good thermal performance. The theoretical and experimental results show that the filler shape is one of the most important but easily overlooked factors. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the effect of the filler shape on the thermal conductivity of TFCs, and the heat transfer enhancement based on synergistic effect is also summed up. Finally, the future trends of further improving thermal properties of TFCs are predicted.
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Luo, Xuan, Tingting Zheng, Chaoming Mao, Xin Dong, Xiao Mou, Chengcheng Xu, Qingyan Lu, Baocui Liu, Shengjun Wang, and Yichuan Xiao. "Aberrant MRP14 expression in thyroid follicular cells mediates chemokine secretion through the IL-1β/MAPK pathway in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 6 (June 2018): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0019.
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Myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP14) is responsible for inflammatory reactions. However, the correlation between MRP14 and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is still not clear. In this study, we examined the status of MRP14 in thyroid tissues and sera of HT patients and explored the mechanism of IL-1β-mediated regulation of MRP14 expression, as well as the effects of MRP14 on pro-inflammatory chemokine secretion in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs), to elucidate the role of MRP14 in HT development. Our results showed dramatically increased MRP14 expression in thyroid tissues and sera from HT patients. In addition, IL-1β significantly promoted the expression of MRP14 in TFCs, which was mediated by activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. More importantly, IL-1β induced the secretion of the chemokines GRO-2, CXCL9 and CCL22, which was dependent on the regulation of MRP14 in TFCs. Therefore, these findings suggested that under pro-inflammatory conditions, TFCs secreted chemokines with the help of MRP14 regulation, which might suggest a potential pathological mechanism of lymphocyte infiltration into the thyroid gland in HT.
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Hoteit, Maha, Edwina Zoghbi, Alissar Rady, Iman Shankiti, Carla Ibrahim, and Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh. "Non-Conjugated-Industrially-Produced-Trans Fatty in Lebanese Foods: The Case of Elaidic and Linolelaidic Acids." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103664.
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To determine Industrially-Produced Trans fatty acids (IP-TFAs) distribution of Lebanese traditional foods, especially regarding Elaidic acid (EA; 9t18:1) and Linolelaidic acid (LEA; 9t12t18:2), a mapping exercise was enrolled between January 2019 and April 2021 in which 145 food samples of three categories (traditional dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products) were analyzed using Gas chromatography methods. Results showed that about 93% of the products tested in Lebanon, between 2019 and 2021, met the World Health Organization recommendations, while about 7% exceeded the limit. The mean level of the IP-TFAs Elaidic and Linolelaidic acid in most Traditional dishes (0.9%), Arabic sweets (0.6%), butter and margarine (1.6%), and market foods (0.52%) were relatively low compared with other countries. Despite that, the relative impact of IP-TFAs on heart diseases mortality in Lebanon is limited but unambiguously still substantial. The persistence of food products with high IP-TFAs levels threatens the health of Lebanese people. Fortunately, this problem is fairly easy to solve in Lebanon via proper legislation.
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Legenzova, Renata. "TFAS REIKALAVIMŲ ĮGYVENDINAMAS LIETUVOS ĮMONIŲ PRAKTIKOJE: SU PENSIJOMIS SUSIJUSIŲ MOKĖJIMŲ ATVEJIS." Science and Studies of Accounting and Finance: Problems and Perspectives 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2012): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2012.15.
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Straipsnyje analizuojama kaip TFAS taikančios Lietuvos įmonės apskaito ir atskleidžia informaciją apie su pensijomis susijusias išmokas. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad teisiniai reikalavimai, pagal kuriuos Lietuvos Respublikoje privaloma mokėti, o pagal TFAS privaloma apskaityti ir atskleisti su pensijomis susijusias išmokas, praktikoje iš esmės nėra įgyvendinami; su pensijomis susijusių išmokų apskaitos ir informacijos atskleidimo praktikai įtaką daro auditą atliekanti įmonė.