Journal articles: 'Textured silicon'

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Komori, Junki, Tsuyoshi Sueto, and Kensuke Nishioka. "Control of the Texture Structure Size in Anisotropic Etching of Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.174.

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Reflection losses of light at the silicon surface cause a reduction in conversion efficiency of silicon solar cell. There is anisotropic etching silicon to form a textured structure on the silicon surface by a simple wet process as a method of reducing the reflectivity. Further, miniaturization of the textured structure to the nanosize will improve the conversion efficiency by reducing the reflectivity. In this study, we formed texture structure of 1 μm size by applying the particles on a silicon surface as an etching mask.

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Chen, Jing Wei, Lei Zhao, Su Zhou, Hong Wei Diao, Ye Hua Tang, Bao Jun Yan, and Wen Jing Wang. "Preparation of Large Size Pyramidal Texture on N-Type Monocrystalline Silicon Using TMAH Solution for Heterojunction Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1815.

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Pyramidal texture is one traditional method to realize antireflection for c-Si solar cells, due to its low cost and simplicity. As one high efficiency silicon solar cell, amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell has attracted much attention all over the world. The heterojunction interface with very low defects and interface states is critical to the SHJ solar cell performance. In order to obtain high quality interface passivation by depositing a very thin intrinsic amorphous silicon layer on the textured Si conformally, large size pyramidal texture with no metal ion contamination is required. In this work, we utilized tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) instead of NaOH in the alkaline etching to prepare pyramidal texture on N-type monocrystalline silicon to avoid the possible Na+ contamination. By optimizing the etching conditions, uniform large size pyramidal texture with pyramid size of about 10 μm was fabricated successfully. Furthermore, excellent antireflection performance was demonstrated on such textured Si surface. The average reflectance was lower than 10% in the visible and near infrared spectrum range. Such pyramidally textured Si wafers will be very suitable for SHJ solar cells.

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Hüpkes, Jürgen, Gabrielle C. E. Jost, Tsvetelina Merdzhanova, Jorj I. Owen, and Thomas Zimmermann. "Coupling and Trapping of Light in Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Modulated Interface Textures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 4648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214648.

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Increasing the efficiency of solar cells relies on light management. This becomes increasingly important for thin-film technologies, but it is also relevant for poorly absorbing semiconductors like silicon. Exemplarily, the performance of a-Si:H/µc-Si:H tandem solar cells strongly depends on the texture of the front and rear contact surfaces. The rear contact interface texture usually results from the front surface texture and the subsequent absorber growth. A well-textured front contact facilitates light-coupling to the solar cell and light-trapping within the device. A variety of differently textured ZnO:Al front contacts were sputter deposited and subsequently texture etched. The optical performance of a-Si:H/µc-Si:H tandem solar cells were evaluated regarding the two effects: light-coupling and light-trapping. A connection between the front contact texture and the two optical effects is demonstrated, specifically, it is shown that both are induced by different texture properties. These findings can be transferred to any solar cell technologies, like copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or perovskites, where light management and modifications of surface textures by subsequent film growth have to be considered. A modulated surface texture of the ZnO:Al front contact was realized using two etching steps. Improved light-coupling and light-trapping in silicon thin-film solar cells lead to 12.5% efficiency.

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Jäger, Klaus, Johannes Sutter, Martin Hammerschmidt, Philipp-Immanuel Schneider, and Christiane Becker. "Prospects of light management in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells." Nanophotonics 10, no. 8 (June 1, 2020): 1991–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0674.

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Abstract Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are regarded as a promising candidate to surpass current efficiency limits in terrestrial photovoltaics. Tandem solar cell efficiencies meanwhile reach more than 29%. However, present high-end perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells still suffer from optical losses. We review recent numerical and experimental perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell studies and analyse the applied measures for light management. Literature indicates that highest experimental efficiencies are obtained using fully planar perovskite top cells, being in contradiction to the outcome of optical simulations calling for textured interfaces. The reason is that the preferred perovskite top cell solution-processing is often incompatible with usual micropyramidal textures of silicon bottom cells. Based on the literature survey, we propose a certain gentle nanotexture as an example to reduce optical losses in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Optical simulations using the finite-element method reveal that an intermediate texture between top and bottom cell does not yield an optical benefit when compared with optimized planar designs. A double-side textured top-cell design is found to be necessary to reduce reflectance losses by the current density equivalent of 1 mA/cm2. The presented results illustrate a way to push perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell efficiencies beyond 30% by improved light management.

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Al Naimee, K., P. J. Scully, S. F. Abdalah, S. Liang, R. Meucci, and F. T. Arecchi. "Micro/Nano Surface Texturing in Si Using UV Femtosecond Laser Pulses." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.39.

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A fast laser texturing technique has been utilized to produce micro/nanosurface textures in Silicon by means of UV femtosecond laser. We have prepared good absorber surface for photovoltaic cells. The textured Silicon surface absorbs the incident light greater than the non-textured surface. The results show a photovoltaic current increase about 21.3% for photovoltaic cell with two-dimensional pattern as compared to the same cell without texturing.

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Yilbas, Bekir Sami, Abba Abubakar, Mubarak Yakubu, Hussain Al-Qahtani, and Abdullah Al-Sharafi. "Nanowall Textured Hydrophobic Surfaces and Liquid Droplet Impact." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051645.

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Water droplet impact on nanowires/nanowalls’ textured hydrophobic silicon surfaces was examined by assessing the influence of texture on the droplet impact dynamics. Silicon wafer surfaces were treated, resulting in closely packed nanowire/nanowall textures with an average spacing and height of 130 nm and 10.45 μm, respectively. The top surfaces of the nanowires/nanowalls were hydrophobized through the deposition of functionalized silica nanoparticles, resulting in a droplet contact angle of 158° ± 2° with a hysteresis of 4° ± 1°. A high-speed camera was utilized to monitor the impacting droplets on hydrophobized nanowires/nanowalls’ textured surfaces. The nanowires/nanowalls texturing of the surface enhances the pinning of the droplet on the impacted surface and lowers the droplet spreading. The maximum spreading diameter of the impacting droplet on the hydrophobized nanowires/nanowalls surfaces becomes smaller than that of the hydrophobized as-received silicon, hydrophobized graphite, micro-grooved, and nano-springs surfaces. Penetration of the impacted droplet fluid into the nanowall-cell structures increases trapped air pressure in the cells, acting as an air cushion at the interface of the droplet fluid and nanowalls’ top surface. This lowers the droplet pinning and reduces the work of droplet volume deformation while enhancing the droplet rebound height.

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Bai, Linqing, Jianxin Sun, Pengcheng Zhang, and Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan. "Friction Behavior of a Textured Surface against Several Materials under Dry and Lubricated Conditions." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 5228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185228.

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This paper reports research on the frictional behavior of a textured surface against several materials under dry and lubricated conditions, and this is aimed to provide design guidelines on the surface texturing for wide-ranging industrial applications. Experiments were performed on a tribo-tester with the facility of simulating A ball-on-plate model in reciprocating motion under dry, oil-lubricated, and water-lubricated conditions. To study the frictional behavior of textured SiC against various materials, three types of ball-bearing –elements, 52100 steel, silicon nitride (Si3N4), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), were used. Friction and wear performance of an un-textured surface and two types of widely used micro-scale texture surfaces, grooves and circular dimples, were examined and compared. The results demonstrated that the effect of surface textures on friction and wear performance is influenced by texture parameters and the materials of friction pairs. The circular-dimple texture and the groove texture, with certain texture parameters, played a positive role in improving friction and wear performance under specific operating conditions used in this research for SiC–steel and SiC–Si3N4 friction pairs; however, there was no friction and wear improvement for the textured SiC–PTFE friction pair. The results of this study offer an understanding and a knowledge base to enhance the performance of bearing elements in complex interacting systems.

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Atwater, Harry A., Carl V. Thompson, and Henry I. Smith. "Mechanisms for crystallographic orientation in the crystallization of thin silicon films from the melt." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 6 (December 1988): 1232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.1232.

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The dependence of the growth velocity on crystal orientation has been studied during crystallization of thin polycrystalline silicon films from the melt. Two types of growth velocity anisotropy have been observed. In the first, competitive growth between (100) textured seeds and seeds with (110) and (111) textures indicates that the relative growth velocities are ν(100) > ν(110)ν(111). It is postulated that this textural growth velocity anisotropy is a result of the differences in the interal energy of grains with different textures. This assumption, combined with the data, yields estimates of the interfacial energy anisotropy for the Si–SiO2 interface: γ(111) − γ(100) = 0.069 J/m2 and γ(110) − γ(100) = 0.012 J/m2. Another type of growth velocity anisotropy is responsible for the development of in-plane orientation in competitive growth between (100)-textured seeds. Simple models, which describe development of these two types of crystallographic orientation via anisotropies in growth velocity, agree well with the experimental results.

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Sai, Hitoshi, Takuya Matsui, Adrien Bidiville, Takashi Koida, Yuji Yoshida, Kimihiko Saito, and Michio Kondo. "Light Management Using Periodic Textures for Enhancing Photocurrent and Conversion Efficiency in Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1536 (2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.745.

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ABSTRACTPeriodically textured back reflectors with hexagonal dimple arrays are applied to thin-film microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) solar cells for enhancing light trapping. The period and aspect ratio of the honeycomb textures have a big impact on the photovoltaic performance. When the textures have a moderate aspect ratio, the optimum period for obtaining a high short circuit current density (JSC) is found to be equal to or slightly larger than the cell thickness. If the cell thickness exceeds the texture period, the cell surface tends to be flattened and texture-induced defects are generated, which constrain the improvement in JSC. Based on these findings, we have fabricated optimized μc-Si:H cells achieving a high active-area efficiency exceeding 11% and a JSC of 30 mA/cm2.

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Fang, Zheng, Zhilong Xu, Tao Jang, Fei Zhou, and Shixiang Huang. "Standard Deviation Quantitative Characterization and Process Optimization of the Pyramidal Texture of Monocrystalline Silicon Cells." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030564.

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To quantitatively characterize the pyramidal texture of monocrystalline silicon cells and to optimize the parameters of the texturing process, the relative standard deviation Sh was proposed to quantitatively characterize the uniformity of the pyramidal texture. Referring to the definition and calculation of the standard deviation in mathematical statistics, Sh was defined as the standard deviation of the pyramid relative height hi after normalization of the pyramid height Hi of monocrystalline silicon wafer surfaces. Six different silicon cells, with different pyramidal textures, were obtained by applying different texturing times. The relationships between Sh and the photoelectric characteristics were analyzed. The feasibility of quantitatively characterizing the uniformity of the pyramidal texture using Sh was verified. By fitting the Sh curve, the feasibility of optimizing the texturing process parameters and predicting the photoelectric characteristics using Sh was verified. The experimental and analytical results indicate that, when the relative standard deviation Sh was smaller, the uniformity of the pyramidal texture obtained by texturing was better. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the silicon cells monotonically increased with decreasing Sh. The silicon cell obtained by texturing with 2% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution for 18.1 min had a textured surface with a minimum of Sh, the reflectivity of the silicon cell reached its minimum value of 2.28%, and the PCE reached its maximum value of 19.76%.

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Jošt, Marko, Eike Köhnen, Anna Belen Morales-Vilches, Benjamin Lipovšek, Klaus Jäger, Bart Macco, Amran Al-Ashouri, et al. "Textured interfaces in monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells: advanced light management for improved efficiency and energy yield." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 12 (2018): 3511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02469c.

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Pietruszka, Rafal, Bartlomiej S. Witkowski, Monika Ozga, Katarzyna Gwozdz, Ewa Placzek-Popko, and Marek Godlewski. "9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (July 21, 2021): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.60.

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Today, silicon solar cells (amorphous films and wafer-based) are a main source of green energy. These cells and their components are produced by employing various technologies. Unfortunately, during the production process, chemicals that are harmful for the environment and for human life are used. For example, hydrofluoric acid is used to texture the top electrode to improve light harvesting. In this work, and also in recent ones, we report a way to obtain 3D textures on the top electrode by using zinc oxide nanorods. The efficiency of a textured solar cell structure is compared with the one obtained for a planar zinc oxide/silicon structure. The present results show the possibility to produce efficient solar cells on a relatively thin 50 μm thick silicon substrate. Solar cells with structured top electrodes were examined by numerous measuring techniques. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a grain-like morphology of the magnesium-doped zinc oxide film. The size of the grains is closely related to the structure of the nanorods. The external quantum efficiency of the cells was measured. The obtained solar cell shows response in a wide spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared. Current–voltage and current–voltage–temperature measurements were performed to evaluate basic photovoltaic parameters. At room temperature, the cells efficiency equals to 9.1% for textured structures and 5.4% for planar structures, respectively. The work, therefore, describes an environmentally friendly technology for PV architecture with surface textures increasing the efficiency of PV cells.

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Xue, Chun Rong, Yu Qin Gu, and Ming Liang Deng. "Investigation on AR Techniques of Silicon Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.52.

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This work presents study of both the antireflection coatings on silicon solar cells and surface texture of silicon solar cell, with the aim to prepare high quality Si solar cells. Surface texturing, either in combination with an anti-reflection coating or by itself, can be used to minimize reflection, but the large reflection loss can be reduced significantly via a suitable anti-reflecting coatings. Significant improvement of the short circuit current after anti-reflecting coatings was observed. It is found that the currentvoltage characteristic with a double-layer anti-reflecting coatings is better than that with a single-layer anti-reflecting coatings. Depositing a multilayer on the textured surface reduces the large reflection loss significantly. The short circuit current of silicon solar cells has significant improvement after depositing anti-reflecting coatings on textured surface silicon, and it increases the efficiency of the Si solar cells.

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Zhao, Meiyun, Wei Li, Yang Wu, Xinze Zhao, Mingyi Tan, and Jingtang Xing. "Performance Investigation on Different Designs of Superhydrophobic Surface Texture for Composite Insulator." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071164.

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To investigate the superhydrophobic properties of different surface textures, nine designs of textures with micro-nanostructures were produced successfully using the laser engraving technique on the surfaces of composite insulator umbrella skirt samples made of silicon rubber. The optimal parameters of the texture designs to give rise to the best hydrophobicity were determined. The surface morphology, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning and antifouling property of the different textured surfaces as well as water droplets rolling on the textured surfaces were studied experimentally using a contact angle meter, scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional topography meter and high-speed camera system. It was found that the diamond column design with optimal parameters has the best superhydrophobicity and overall performance. The most remarkable advantage of the optimal diamond column design is its robustness and long-term superhydrophobicity after repeated de-icing in harsh conditions. The reported work is an important step towards achieving superhydrophobic surface without coating for outdoor composite insulator in practical applications.

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Di Stefano, P. C. F., T. Frank, G. Angloher, M. Bruckmayer, C. Cozzini, D. Hauff, F. Pröbst, et al. "Textured silicon calorimetric light detector." Journal of Applied Physics 94, no. 10 (November 15, 2003): 6887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1619196.

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Szuromi, Phil. "Growing perovskite on textured silicon." Science 367, no. 6482 (March 5, 2020): 1086.1–1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6482.1086-a.

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Nussbaumer, H., G. Willeke, and E. Bucher. "Optical behavior of textured silicon." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 4 (February 15, 1994): 2202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356282.

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Ali, Asad, Saddam Ali, Hassan Ali, Kamran Alam, Waqar Ali, Noaman Khan, Salman Manzoor, Zachary Holman, and Muhammad Arif. "Efficient Polymer Scattering Layer Fabrication and their Application in Electrical Properties Enhancement of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells." Key Engineering Materials 778 (September 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.778.283.

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Tandem Solar Cells with Silicon as one of its constituents have flat surfaces (surfaces without texturing). That is why flat surfaces Solar cells have got quite importance. But the issue with the flat surfaces is the high reflection loss (flat) and poor light trapping (no-texturing) in the cells. So, some scattering film, other than direct texturing, that is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer with the texture is used. The optimized PDMS film here is the random pyramidal film because random pyramidal PDMS films have a drop of 56.6% in reflectance used on polished Silicon while iso-textured and inverted pyramids have 51.55% and 48.47% respectively. This PDMS film with random textures when applied to 2-terminal monolithic perovskite/Silicon tandem, its external quantum efficiency shows an increase of 1.12mA/cm2in the short-circuit current and reflection loss reduces by 4.1 mA/cm2.

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Maynard, Brian R., and E. A. Schiff. "Thermodynamic limits of nanophotonic light trapping in thin film silicon solar cells." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 7/8 (July 2014): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0613.

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We have extended an earlier thermodynamic treatment of light-trapping in lattice-textured solar cells to higher absorptances. This treatment is used to calculate the quantum efficiency spectra and short-circuit current densities JSC for thin-film silicon solar cells with ideal lattice textures. An optimal triangular lattice period of 900 nm yields a calculated JSC that is 2 mA/cm2 larger than for ideal random textures in a 1000 nm thick cell. We compare the calculations to recent experiments with periodically textured cells. While the experimental cells give JSC values that are comparable to the best cells with conventional textures, they do not show the features associated with the prediction of higher JSC. We discuss the role of imperfections in the periodic texturing, and suggest that cells used with solar tracking may realize the predicted JSC improvement.

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Stoner, B. R., S. R. Sahaida, J. P. Bade, P. Southworth, and P. J. Ellis. "Highly oriented, textured diamond films on silicon via bias-enhanced nucleation and textured growth." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 6 (June 1993): 1334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.1334.

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Highly oriented diamond films were grown on single-crystal silicon substrates. Textured films were first nucleated by a two-step process that involved the conversion of the silicon surface to an epitaxial SiC layer, followed by bias-enhanced nucleation. The nucleation stage, which produced a partially oriented diamond film, was immediately followed by a (100) textured growth process, thus resulting in a film surface where approximately 100% of the grains are epitaxially oriented relative to the silicon substrate. The diamond films were characterized by both SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Structural defects in the film are discussed in the context of their potential effect on the electrical characteristics of the resulting film.

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Li, Zhe, Tieyan Zhang, Qiqige Wulan, Jiachen Yu, Li Xing, and Zhijun Liu. "Angle-dependent photocurrent response of pyramid-textured silicon." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086891.

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Surface-texturing represents an effective way for improving efficiency in silicon devices, such as light absorbers, photodetectors, and solar cells. In this paper, we examine the angular property of photocurrent response in surface-textured silicon. We characterize photocurrent spectra of both pyramid-textured silicon and un-etched flat silicon at different incident angles for comparison. Our spectral measurements indicate that pyramid-textured silicon exhibits an overall dramatic decrease in the photocurrent response within the wavelength range of 1–1.18 µm at larger incident angles for both s and p polarizations. This angular property is different for un-etched flat silicon, whose photocurrent decreases in a less angle-sensitive manner for s polarization and increases first and then decreases with the incident angle for p polarization as correlated with light reflectance with a characteristic Brewster’s angle. The absence of Brewster’s angle effect in the photocurrent response of pyramid-textured silicon is in agreement with our reflectance simulations. These results help understand the fundamental optical properties induced by surface-texturing in silicon devices.

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Fashina, Adebayo, Kenneth Adama, Lookman Abdullah, Chukwuemeka Ani, Oluwaseun Oyewole, Joseph Asare, and Vitalis Anye. "Atomic force microscopy analysis of alkali textured silicon substrates for solar cell applications." International Journal of Physical Research 6, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v6i1.8795.

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In this paper, the surface morphology of textured silicon substrates is explored. Prior to the surface morphology analysis, textured silicon substrates were obtained by KOH anisotropic texturing of polished silicon wafers. This was achieved by investigating of the dependence surface texturing on the process parameters; etchant concentration, etching time and temperature. The surface morphology of the textured silicon samples was obtained using atomic force microscopy that was operated in the tapping mode. The resulting atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were analyzed using the Nanoscope and Gwyddion software packages. The AFM analysis revealed more surface details such as the depth, roughness, section, and step height analysis. The analysis was limited to a length scale of a few micrometers, which carefully reveals the number of individualities of the initial stages of pyramid growth. The average roughness was found to be 593nm for an optimally textured silicon wafer. The implications of the study are then discussed for potential light trapping application in silicon solar cells.

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McIntosh, Keith R., and Luke P. Johnson. "Recombination at textured silicon surfaces passivated with silicon dioxide." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 12 (June 15, 2009): 124520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3153979.

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Han, Kyu-Min, Junsin Yi, Jun-Sik Cho, and Jin-Su Yoo. "Vapor-textured EFG Silicon Photovoltaic Cells." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 59, no. 5 (November 15, 2011): 3051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.3051.

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Rovira, P. I., A. S. Ferlauto, Joohyun Koh, C. R. Wronski, and R. W. Collins. "Optics of textured amorphous silicon surfaces." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 266-269 (May 2000): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00836-4.

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Jurečka, Stanislav, Heike Angermann, Hikaru Kobayashi, Masao Takahashi, and Emil Pinčík. "Multifractal analysis of textured silicon surfaces." Applied Surface Science 301 (May 2014): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.102.

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Gangopadhyay, Utpal, Sukhendu Jana, and Sayan Das. "Large-Area Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Using Novel Antireflective Nanoabsorber Texturing Surface by Multihollow Cathode Plasma System and Spin-On Doping." ISRN Renewable Energy 2013 (February 28, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/738326.

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We present 11.7% efficient p-type crystalline silicon solar cells with a nanoscale textured surface and no dielectric antireflection coating. We propose nanocrystalline-like textured surface consisting of nanocrystalline columnar structures of diameters from 50 to 100 nm and depth of about 500 nm formed by reactive-ion etching (RIE) in multihollow cathode system. This novel nano textured surface acts as an antireflective absorbing surface of c-Si abbreviate as ARNAB (antireflective nanoabsorber). Light shining on the surface of RIE-etched silicon bounces back and forth between the spikes in such a way that most of it never comes back. Radio frequency (RF) hollow cathode discharge allows an improvement of plasma density by an order of magnitude in comparison to standard RF parallel-plate discharge. Desirable black silicon layer has been achieved when RF power of about 20 Watt per one hollow cathode glow is applied for our multihollow cathode system. The RF power frequency was 13.56 MHz. The antireflection property of ARNAB textured surface has been investigated and compared with wet-textured and PECVD coated silicon samples. Solar cell using low-cost spin-on coating technique has been demonstrated in this paper. We have successfully achieved 11.7% efficient large area (98 cm2) ARNAB textured crystalline silicon solar cell using low-cost spin-on coating (SOD) doping.

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Watanabe, Ryosuke, Shuuji Abe, Satoshi Haruyama, Tatsunobu Suzuki, Mitsuo Onuma, and Yoji Saito. "Evaluation of a New Acid Solution for Texturization of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/951303.

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Surface texturing methods using an alkaline solution for monocrystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells have been widely accepted to improve cell performance. However, multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) cells are difficult to be texturized by alkaline etching, because the grains in the substrates are randomly oriented. In this study, we considered a HF/HNO3/H2SO4acid solution for texturing the mc-Si cells. We evaluated the morphology of the textured surfaces and the reflectance spectra from the surfaces. The deep dimple textured structures are formed on the surfaces for only 30 seconds of the acid texturing process. This behavior results from the effect of H2SO4in the solution. This process obtains up to 14.7% conversion efficiencies of the acid textured cells. These conversion efficiencies are up to 1.3 times larger than those of the mirror-etched cells.

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Tsai, Chin-Yi, Jyong-Di Lai, Shih-Wei Feng, Chien-Jung Huang, Chien-Hsun Chen, Fann-Wei Yang, Hsiang-Chen Wang, and Li-Wei Tu. "Growth and characterization of textured well-faceted ZnO on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates for solar cell applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (September 15, 2017): 1939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.194.

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In this work, textured, well-faceted ZnO materials grown on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cathode luminescence (CL) measurements. The results show that ZnO grown on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates favor the growth of ZnO(110) ridge-like, ZnO(002) pyramid-like, and ZnO(101) pyramidal-tip structures, respectively. This could be attributed to the constraints of the lattice mismatch between the ZnO and Si unit cells. The average grain size of ZnO on the planar Si(100) substrate is slightly larger than that on the planar Si(111) substrate, while both of them are much larger than that on the textured Si(100) substrate. The average grain sizes (about 10–50 nm) of the ZnO grown on the different silicon substrates decreases with the increase of their strains. These results are shown to strongly correlate with the results from the SEM, AFM, and CL as well. The reflectance spectra of these three samples show that the antireflection function provided by theses samples mostly results from the nanometer-scaled texture of the ZnO films, while the micrometer-scaled texture of the Si substrate has a limited contribution. The results of this work provide important information for optimized growth of textured and well-faceted ZnO grown on wafer-based silicon solar cells and can be utilized for efficiency enhancement and optimization of device materials and structures, such as heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells.

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Zou, Min, W. Seale, and Hengyu Wang. "Comparison of Tribological Performances of Nano- and Micro-Textured Surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 219, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17403499jnn43.

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This paper presents a comparison study on the tribological performances, including adhesion and friction, of nano-and micro-textured surfaces (MTSs). The textured surfaces were produced by spin coating colloidal silica nanoparticle solution on smooth silicon substrates. Adhesion and friction studies were conducted using a TriboIndenter employing a diamond tip with a 100μ nominal radius of curvature. It was found that both types of textured surface significantly reduced the adhesion forces and the coefficients of friction (COFs) compared with baseline smooth surfaces, with up to 98 per cent reduction in adhesion force and 88 per cent reduction in COF demonstrated for the nano-textured surface (NTS). Furthermore, the adhesion forces and the COFs of the NTS are much smaller than those of the MTSs owing to the much smaller radii of curvature of the nano-textures.

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Druzhinin, Anatoly, Valery Yerokhov, Stepan Nichkalo, and Yevhen Berezhanskyi. "Micro- and Nanotextured Silicon for Antireflective Coatings of Solar Cells." Journal of Nano Research 39 (February 2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.39.89.

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The paper deals with obtaining of textured silicon surfaces by chemical etching. As a result of experiments based on the modification and optimization of obtaining a textured silicon, several methods of chemical texturing of the crystalline silicon surface were developed. It was shown that modified isotropic and anisotropic etching methods are applicable to create a microrelief on the surface of silicon substrate. These methods in addition to their high conversion efficiency can be used for both mono- and multicrystalline silicon which would ensure their industrial use.

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Chen, Luanxia, Zhanqiang Liu, Bing Wang, Qinghua Song, Yi Wan, and Long Chen. "Surface Characterization and Tribological Performance of Anodizing Micro-Textured Aluminum-Silicon Alloys." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2019): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111862.

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Eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys present high frictional coefficient and a high wear rate due to the low hardness under sliding friction conditions. In this paper, the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy was textured firstly by micro-milling operations. Then, the micro-textured specimen was subjected to anodizing to fabricate alumina films. The surface topography, surface roughness, and bearing area ratio of micro-textured and anodizing micro-textured specimens were measured and characterized. For the anodizing micro-textured specimens, the surface roughness and superficial hardness increase compared with those for micro-textured ones. Tribological tests indicate that anodizing micro-textured samples present lower friction coefficient of 0.37 than that of flat samples of 0.43 under dry sliding conditions. However, they exhibit higher friction coefficient at 0.16 than that of flat samples of 0.13 under oil-lubricated conditions. The difference between the friction coefficient of anodizing micro-textured and flat samples under dry and oil-lubricated conditions is ascribed to the influence mechanism of surface roughness, bearing area ratio curves, and its relative parameters on the tribological performance of testing samples. The dry sliding friction coefficient has a positive correlation with bearing area ratio curves, while they present negative correlation with bearing area ratio curves under oil-lubricated conditions. The synergy method treated with micro-milling and anodizing provides an effective approach to enhance the dry sliding friction property of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys.

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Kong, Dae Young, Chan Seob Cho, Jun Hwan Jo, Bong Hwan Kim, and Jong Hyun Lee. "Surface Texturing for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Using RIE Equipped with Metal-Mesh." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.747.

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Surface texturing is an important process to enhance light absorption and to improve efficiency of a solar cell. Reactive ion etching (RIE) process is a very effective process and low-cost process, which is applicable during the dry etching processes for thin crystalline silicon solar cells with large areas. In this study, we studied a dry and free mask texturing process on crystalline silicon wafer using SF6/O2plasmas and metal mesh in a RIE system, with special attention to the effect of the metal mesh and RIE conditions on the texture of the silicon surface. In particular, we have found an optimized RIE conditions by increasing the distance between the metal mesh and silicon wafer. We have also found that by increasing the RIE process time, with an optimized SF6/O2ratio, pressure and RF power, it is possible to switch from a random texture, to a nm-size pyramid texture and finally to an um-size pyramid texture. This RIE system textured a crystalline wafer surface that formed about 1~2 μm pyramidal black silicon with 7~10% of reflectivity.

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Gong, Wen, Xiang Cheng Chu, Jing Feng Li, Zhi Lun Gui, and Long Tu Li. "Sol-Gel Process and Properties of Textured Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ Films on Silicon Wafers." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.239.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were deposited on silicon wafers by using a modified sol-gel method. Introducing a seeding layer between the interface of PZT film and platinum electrode controlled the texture of PZT films. The lead oxide seeding layer results in highly (001)-textured PZT film, while the titanium dioxide seeding layer results in (111)-textured one. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the PZT thin films. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the PZT films were evaluated and discussed in association with different preferential orientations.

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Dobrzański, Leszek Adam, and A. Drygała. "Influence of Laser Processing on Polycrystalline Silicon Surface." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.829.

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This paper presents technology of multicrystalline silicon solar cells with laser texturisation step. The texturing of polycrystalline silicon surface using Nd:YAG laser makes it possible to increase absorption of the incident solar radiation. Moreover, the additional technological operation consisting in etching in 20 % KOH solution at temperature of 80°C was introduced into technology of the photovoltaic cells manufactured from laser textured wafers allows to remove laser induced defects but cause the texture to flatten out reducing it optical effectiveness. This paper demonstrates, that laser processing is very promising technique for texturing multicrystaline silicon independent on grains crystallographic orientation compared to conventional texturing methods in technology of solar cells.

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Yin, Yunfeng, Nasim Sahraei, Selvaraj Venkataraj, Sonya Calnan, Sven Ring, Bernd Stannowski, Rutger Schlatmann, Armin G. Aberle, and Rolf Stangl. "Light Scattering and Current Enhancement for Microcrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Aluminium-Induced Texture Glass Superstrates with Double Texture." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/358276.

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Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin-film solar cells are processed on glass superstrates having both micro- and nanoscale surface textures. The microscale texture is realised at the glass surface, using the aluminium-induced texturing (AIT) method, which is an industrially feasible process enabling a wide range of surface feature sizes (i.e., 700 nm–3 μm) of the textured glass. The nanoscale texture is made by conventional acid etching of the sputter-deposited transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The influence of the resulting “double texture” on the optical scattering is investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) (studying the surface topology), haze measurements (studying scattering into air), and short-circuit current enhancement measurements (studying scattering into silicon). A predicted enhanced optical scattering efficiency is experimentally proven by a short-circuit current enhancementΔIscof up to 1.6 mA/cm2(7.7% relative increase) compared to solar cells fabricated on a standard superstrate, that is, planar glass covered with nanotextured TCO. Enhancing the autocorrelation length (or feature size) of the AIT superstrates might have the large potential to improve theμc-Si:H thin-film solar cell efficiency, by reducing the shunting probability of the device while maintaining a high optical scattering performance.

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Zorman, Christian A., Shuvo Roy, Chien-Hung Wu, Aaron J. Fleischman, and Mehran Mehregany. "Characterization of polycrystalline silicon carbide films grown by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition on polycrystalline silicon." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 2 (February 1998): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0053.

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X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of polycrystalline SiC films grown on as-deposited and annealed polysilicon substrates. For both substrate types, the texture of the SiC films resembles the polysilicon at the onset of SiC growth. During the high temperature deposition process, the as-deposited polysilicon recrystallizes without influencing the crystallinity of the overlying SiC. An investigation of the SiC/polysilicon interface reveals that a heteroepitaxial relationship exists between polysilicon and SiC grains. From this study, a method to control the orientation of highly textured polycrystalline SiC films has been developed.

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38

Cai, Hong, Honglie Shen, Lei Zhang, Haibin Huang, Linfeng Lu, Zhengxia Tang, and Jiancang Shen. "Silicon epitaxy on textured double layer porous silicon by LPCVD." Physica B: Condensed Matter 405, no. 18 (September 2010): 3852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.06.016.

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Saadoun, Moncef, Mohamed Fethi Boujmil, Selma Aouida, Mohamed Ben Rabha, and Brahim Bessaïs. "Porous silicon-based microtexturing of textured monocrystalline silicon solar cells." physica status solidi (c) 8, no. 6 (December 2, 2010): 1869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201000090.

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40

Essa, Zahi, Nadjib Taleb, Bernard Sermage, Cédric Broussillou, Barbara Bazer-Bachi, and Maurice Quillec. "Doping profile measurement on textured silicon surface." EPJ Photovoltaics 9 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2018001.

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In crystalline silicon solar cells, the front surface is textured in order to lower the reflection of the incident light and increase the efficiency of the cell. This texturing whose dimensions are a few micrometers wide and high, often makes it difficult to determine the doping profile measurement. We have measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electrochemical capacitance voltage profiling the doping profile of implanted phosphorus in alkaline textured and in polished monocrystalline silicon wafers. The paper shows that SIMS gives accurate results provided the primary ion impact angle is small enough. Moreover, the comparison between these two techniques gives an estimation of the concentration of electrically inactive phosphorus atoms.

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41

Chao, Yan, Li Qun Wu, and Xiao Lu Luo. "Study on Multi-Crystalline Silicon Textured by Ultrasound." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.50.

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Surface texturing of silicon can reduce the reflectance of incident light and increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Many approaches have been present in texturing silicon solar cell. In this paper, ultrasound is introduced into acid solution to texture the surface of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cell. The morphology images are obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM), more holes and regular distributed morphology for the presented method can be observed. Antireflectance of the mc-Si surface is measured by spectrophotometer, and the reflectance of 10.2% is obtained for the presented method, which is much less than that of acid etching.

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42

Lee, Soohong, and Eunjoo Lee. "Characterization of Nanoporous Silicon Layer to Reduce the Optical Losses of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.019.

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Reduction of optical losses in crystalline silicon solar cells by surface modification is one of the most important issues of silicon photovoltaics. Porous Si layers on the front surface of textured Si substrates have been investigated with the aim of improving the optical losses of the solar cells, because an anti-reflection coating and a surface passivation can be obtained simultaneously in one process. We have demonstrated the feasibility of a very efficient porous Si AR layer, prepared by a simple, cost effective, electrochemical etching method. Silicon p-type CZ (100) oriented wafers were textured by anisotropic etching in sodium carbonate solution. Then, the porous Si layers were formed by electrochemical etching in HF solutions. After that, the properties of porous Si in terms of morphology, structure and reflectance are summarized. The structure of porous Si layers was investigated using SEM. The formation of a nanoporous Si layer on the textured silicon wafer result in a reflectance lower than 5% in the wavelength region from 500 to 900 nm. Such a surface modification allows improving the Si solar cell characteristics. An efficiency of 13.4% is achieved on a monocrystalline silicon solar cell using the electrochemical technique.

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43

Lee, Soohong, and Eunjoo Lee. "Characterization of Nanoporous Silicon Layer to Reduce the Optical Losses of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18058.

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Reduction of optical losses in crystalline silicon solar cells by surface modification is one of the most important issues of silicon photovoltaics. Porous Si layers on the front surface of textured Si substrates have been investigated with the aim of improving the optical losses of the solar cells, because an anti-reflection coating and a surface passivation can be obtained simultaneously in one process. We have demonstrated the feasibility of a very efficient porous Si AR layer, prepared by a simple, cost effective, electrochemical etching method. Silicon p-type CZ (100) oriented wafers were textured by anisotropic etching in sodium carbonate solution. Then, the porous Si layers were formed by electrochemical etching in HF solutions. After that, the properties of porous Si in terms of morphology, structure and reflectance are summarized. The structure of porous Si layers was investigated using SEM. The formation of a nanoporous Si layer on the textured silicon wafer result in a reflectance lower than 5% in the wavelength region from 500 to 900 nm. Such a surface modification allows improving the Si solar cell characteristics. An efficiency of 13.4% is achieved on a monocrystalline silicon solar cell using the electrochemical technique.

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44

Hu, Yue Hui, Hai Jun Xu, Hao Gao, and Yi Chuan Chen. "Fabrication the Texture Zinc Oxide Thin Films and its Application in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1077.

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The pyramid-like textured ZnO film was prepared directly by magnetron sputtering on the self-supporting substrate of ZnO:Al film fabricated by sol-gel. The performance of amorphous silicon solar cell has been studied using the textured ZnO film as a front electrode. It was found that: (1) using the textured ZnO film as an amorphous silicon solar cell front electrode, it can be improved the open voltage, but the fill factor and conversion efficiency was depraved; and (2) inserting a protocrystalline silicon buffer layer between ZnO and p-a-SiC:H, the performance of solar cell was improved obviously. For example, its conversion efficiency increases from 7.3% for the SnO2: FTCO to 7.9% for the ZnO/pc-Si:H TCO.

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45

Ishikawa, Ryousuke, Hidetoshi Wada, Yasuyoshi Kurokawa, Porponth Sichanugrist, and Makoto Konagai. "Laser Scribing of W-textured ZnO Substrates Using Green Laser." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.233.

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ABSTRACTThin-film silicon solar cells have been attracted a lot of intention as low-cost solar cells. One of the most important technologies for improving their performances is light trapping. We have demonstrated the high potential of double-textured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films used as front transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films due to further enhancement of their light-trapping effects. Although the laser scribing method has already been well established for low-cost thin-film silicon solar cell module manufacturing, laser scribing technique on double-textured ZnO is new and still a challenging issue. In this study, we firstly demonstrated the availability of laser scribing for amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells fabricated on double-textured ZnO substrates. It is general to utilize lasers with wavelength of 1.06 μm and 532 nm for scribing of TCO and silicon layer, respectively. Here we attempted to scribe both of TCO and silicon layers using a 532 nm wavelength laser (green laser) for process simplifying.

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Dyskin, V. G., and M. U. Dzhanklych. "Antireflection textured coating for silicon solar cells." Applied Solar Energy 51, no. 1 (January 2015): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x15010077.

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Oh, Il-Whan. "Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production on Textured Silicon Photocathode." Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 14, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2011.14.4.191.

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Zhu, Xinwen, and Yoshio Sakka. "Textured silicon nitride: processing and anisotropic properties." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 9, no. 3 (July 2008): 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/9/3/033001.

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Ageev, V. N., E. Yu Afanas’eva, N. D. Potekhina, and A. Yu Potekhin. "Thermodesorption of silicon from textured tantalum ribbons." Physics of the Solid State 42, no. 2 (February 2000): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1131212.

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50

Anastassakis, E., and M. Siakavellas. "Elastic properties of textured diamond and silicon." Journal of Applied Physics 90, no. 1 (July 2001): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1332096.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Textured silicon'

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