Journal articles: 'Texture and its Formation'

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Yang, Hui Xuan, Mei An, Dong Ye, and En Dong Zu. "Mineral Compositions and Textures of Jadeite Orebody and its Country Rock in Nammaw, Myanmar." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.652.

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This paper studies the mineral compositions and textures of seven rock specimens from jadeite orebody and its country rock in Nammaw, Myanmar through XRD and observation of hand specimens and thin sections. The jadeite orebody is mainly composed of jadeite and minor zeolite minerals. Phlogopite schist and chromite-bearing amphibolite occur between the orebody and its country rock. The country rock is antigorite serpentinite. Outside of serpentinite is schist consisting of chlorite, hastingsite and polylithionite. The specimens of jadeite orebody show mainly following texture types: radiation texture, inequigranular crystalloblastic texture, granular-prismatic crystalloblastic texture, metasomatic texture and mylonitic texture. These textures indicate that the formation of the orebody is related to the intrusion of some fused mass or hydrothermal solution and then the orebody underwent dynamical metamorphism and hydrothermal metamorphism.

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Chen, Yuqiang, Chuang Xiong, Wenhui Liu, Suping Pan, Yufeng Song, Yang Liu, and Biwu Zhu. "Texture Evolution and Control of 2524 Aluminum Alloy and Its Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 5550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125550.

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The influences of cold rolling and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure evolution of 2524 alloy were investigated using an orientation distribution function (ODF) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). A preparation method of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy with a strong Brass texture was developed, and its effect on the fatigue properties of the alloy was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that with the increase in cold rolling deformation from 0% to 80%, the volume fractions of Brass, copper, and S textures in the 2524-T3 alloy also increase, especially in the case of Brass and S textures. However, the volume fractions of cube and Goss textures are reduced significantly, especially for cube textures, which are decreased by 57.4%. Reducing coarse second-phase particles (CSPs) is conducive to the formation of a strong deformation texture during cold rolling. A 10% deformation at each rolling pass, followed by a step annealing, helps the preservation of a Brass texture even after solution treatment at 500 °C for 0.5 h, while a large cold deformation followed by high-temperature annealing helps the formation of a strong cube texture. The Brass texture can enhance the strength while decreasing the fatigue crack growth resistance of this alloy.

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Hirsch, Jürgen. "Hot Formability and Texture Formation in Al Alloys." Materials Science Forum 604-605 (October 2008): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.604-605.259.

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The effect of plastic deformation of Aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures is described and its effects on texture evolution in Aluminium and its alloys. The softening mechanisms involved are recovery, recrystallization and grain boundary sliding which reduce strain hardening and affect plastic deformation also in industrial fabrication and forming processes of Aluminium alloys, like (hot) forming, rolling, extrusion and superplastic forming. These effects that control high temperature formability and the resulting textures and final properties are described.

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Dnieprenko, V. N., and S. V. Divinskii. "A New Approach to Describing Three-Dimensional Orientation Distribution Functions in Textured Materials–Part I: Formation of Pole Density Distribution on Model Pole Figures." Textures and Microstructures 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.22.73.

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New method for simulation of orientation distribution functions of textured materials has been proposed. The approach is based on the concept to describe any texture class by a superposition of anisotropic partial fibre components. The texture maximum spread is described in a “local” coordinate system connected with the texture component axis. A set of Eulerian angles γ1,γ2,γ3 are introduced with this aim. To specify crystallite orientations with respect to the sample coordinate system two additional sets of Eulerian angles are introduced besides γ1,γ2,γ3. One of them, (Ψ0,θ0,ϕ0), defines the direction of the texture axis of a component with respect to the directions of the cub. The other set, (Ψ1,θ1,ϕ1), is determined by the orientation of the texture component and its texture axis in the sample coordinate system. Analytical expressions approximating real spreads of crystallites in three-dimensional orientation space have been found and their corresponding model pole figures have been derived. The proposed approach to the texture spread description permits to simulate a broad spectrum of real textures from single crystals to isotropic polycrystals with a high enough degree of correspondence.

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Monot, I., J. Wang, G. Desgardin, and B. Raveau. "Crystal chemistry of the texture formation in superconductive YBa2Cu3O7−δ ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 2 (February 1992): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0273.

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Classical sintering of YBa2Cu3O7−δ always leads to poor critical transport currents whatever the powder process and the thermal cycle are. Best results are obtained by synthesis of textured ceramics. Fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7−δ with well-oriented grain structure by the melt textured growth process was performed in order to understand the mechanism that controls the texture formation. The evolution of the microstructure was studied by quenching samples at different stages of the MTG cycle. The importance in the texture formation process of the presintering temperature, of the high temperature plateau, of the thermal gradient and its fluctuations, of the presence of second phase inclusions (essentially 211 phase), and of the substrate and its reactivity with Y–Ba–Cu–O is shown.

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Zhang, Cheng, Gui-Wen Qiao, Yong-Zhong Wang, Hong Tang, Zong-Quan Yang, Xiao-Dong Su, and Jun-Ren Fang. "Texture hardening in PIT method and its effect on texture formation during annealing." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 282-287 (August 1997): 2607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(97)01411-1.

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Yu, Ze Ming, Lian Zhou, Philippe Odier, and Ping Xiang Zhang. "New Cu-Ni Substrate for Coated Conductors." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1877.

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A new approach of Cu-Ni substrate is reported, where the cubic textured Cu tape was fabricated by thermal-mechanical process, then a Ni layer was electro-deposited on the cubic textured Cu substrate. This approach is also suitable for fabricating long cubic textured metallic substrate for coated conductors. The formation of substrate texture and its thermal stability were investigated by XRD. After electro-depositing Ni layer, the sample has sharper cubic texture with ω = 5.2o and φ = 7.1o, and samples’ texture becames even better (ω = 5 o and φ = 5.2o) after annealing at 950°C for 30min.

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Turkan, Zihni. "Sustainability in the Formation and Development of Historical Cities: “Nicosia Historical City Texture”." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p250.

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The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the Lusignan Period. St. Sophia Cathedral and St. Catherine Church, which have an important place in the formation of the texture, are two of the few works of art still surviving today. Being a period of destruction for the city, in general, The Venetian Period provided the city walls to Nicosia which still surround the historical texture. The Ottoman Period brought a change to the historical city texture and Islamic culture and Turkish Architectural construction style replaced the Christian cultures. A number of architectural works from this period, still existing within the walled city of Nicosia, provided a great contribution to the formation and development of the present day texture, as well as for its sustainability. The British Period is one which brought novelty to the city texture of Nicosia. With demolition of historical works and changes in the street and square dimensions, British Colonial Architecture displays the traces of the recent past. The administrative buildings constructed in place of the demolished Lusignan Palace, still serve at present. With the beginning of the Period of the Republic in 1960, Nicosia underwent a fast process of development as an important capital in the Middle East. The traditional visuality in the city texture left its place to contemporary constructions and formations. The inter-communal conflicts, which started in 1964 on the other hand, negatively affected the formation and development of the city texture, and there was a period of stagnation until the 70s. The new developments observed since the 70s and the insufficiency of precautions to protect historical texture, caused a deterioration the city texture. With the position of an open-air museum, Nicosia with its history of over twenty-five centuries has a very rich historical city texture with the legacies of various cultures which reigned over Cyprus and is sustainable in the present, and is therefore an important cultural and touristic center Keywords: Cyprus, Nicosia, Historical City Texture, Walled City, Sustainability.

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Bunge, H. J. "Some Remarks on Modelling and Simulation of Physical Phenomena." Textures and Microstructures 28, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.28.151.

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Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of physical phenomena is a rapidly growing field of work in all areas of pure and applied sciences. In principle, mathematical modelling of physical phenomena has been the field of theoretical physics from the very beginning of physics although the computer has increased the potentials of this method by many orders of magnitude. Modelling and simulation are often used as synonyms. It may, however, be meaningfull to distinguish the development of a mathematical model from its use in computer simulation. Also, a mathematical model in this sense must be distinguished from mathematical expressions interpolating experimental data. In the field of textures, models of texture formation, models of materials properties, as well as the combination of the two are being used. In this connection it is important whether a texture formation model is linear or non-linear. In the first case the texture formation operator can be reduced to the orientation space whereas a non-linear operator operates in the full texture space.

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10

Park, Min Soo, Hyung Gyun Park, Jun Ho Choi, and Kwon Hoo Kim. "Effect of Aluminum Content on Texture Formation Behaviors in Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1449.

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In order to understand the effects of the solute element and its concentration on the formation of texture, uniaxial compression tests were carried out at various deformation conditions with different aluminum solute concentration in rolled AZ magnesium alloy (AZ31, AZ61, AZ91). To clarify the texture measurements and crystal orientation distribution, X-ray diffraction methods were conducted on mid plane section of the specimens. As a result in this study, the formation of fiber texture and occurrence of dynamic recrystallization were observed in all case of specimens. The main components and its sharpness of texture were varied depending on deformation conditions and Al concentrations. Especially, accumulation of basal texture was developed with an increasing of Al concentration.

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Kim, Chan-Joong, Ki-Baik Kim, Dong-Yeon Won, Hong-Chul Moon, Dong-Soo Suhr, S. H. Lai, and P. J. McGinn. "Formation of BaCeO3 and its influence on microstructure of sintered/melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O oxides with CeO2 addition." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 8 (August 1994): 1952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1952.

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The formation of BaCeO3 and its effects on microstructure were studied in sintered/melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O oxides containing 5 wt. % CeO2 and various amounts of Y2Ba1Cu1O5. The added CeO2 was converted to fine particles of BaCeO3 near 930 °C, which is the conventional sintering temperature for Y-Ba–Cu-O. Y2Ba1Cu1O5 and CuO are formed as by-products of the reaction between CeO2 and Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y phase. The CeO2 addition reduced the particle size of Y2Ba1Cu1O5 which was trapped in the Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y matrix after the melt-texture growth. During the peritectic decomposition stage of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y phase into Y2Ba1Cu1O5 and liquid phase, the morphology of the decomposed Y2Ba1Cu1O5 was changed from a blocky shape in the undoped sample to an acicular shape of high anisotropy in the CeO2-added sample. The formation of the highly anisotropic Y2Ba1Cu1O5 particles appears to be responsible for the refinement of Y2Ba1Cu1O5 particle after the melt-texture processing.

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He, You Liang, Mehdi Mehdi, Erik J. Hilinski, Tom Zhou, Peter Badgley, Leo A. I. Kestens, and Afsaneh Edrisy. "Shear Banding in Rotated Goss Grains and its Effect on the Formation of Cube Texture in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.528.

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Cube texture ({001}<100>) is a desired final texture in non-oriented electrical steel sheets used as magnetic cores because it contains two easy <100> axes in the sheet plane, which is beneficial to the magnetic properties. However, the cube texture is very difficult to form in non-oriented electrical steels through conventional rolling and annealing. It has been shown that after conventional rolling, the deformed <111>//ND (normal direction) grains provided nucleation sites for the unfavourable <111>//ND texture during recrystallization, leading to a final <111>//ND texture. To eliminate the <111>//ND texture and promote the {001}<100> texture, an uncommon rolling process, i.e. inclined rolling, was adopted in this study. By rotating the hot rolling direction by 60° around the ND, an uncommon initial texture, the rotated Goss ({110}<110>), was intentionally generated. This was intended to change the orientation flow during plastic deformation, and suppress the formation of the conventional <111>//ND texture in the deformed microstructure. Plane-strain compression (rolling) of the rotated Goss grains produced shear bands within these grains due to their large Taylor factor. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of the shear bands illustrated that, crystallites with the cube orientation were formed within these shear bands. During recrystallization, the shear bands provided preferential nucleation sites, and the cube crystallites preferentially nucleate within the shear bands. These cube crystals can then grow into the deformed matrix, and lead to the formation of a strong cube texture in the final annealed steel sheets.

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Balakrisnan, B., C. C. Tan, S. L. Liew, P. C. Lim, G. K. L. Goh, Y. L. Foo, and D. Z. Chi. "Texture of NiGe on Ge(001) and its evolution with formation temperature." Applied Physics Letters 87, no. 24 (December 12, 2005): 241922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2135210.

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Mao, W. "Rolling Texture Simulation of Aluminium Sheets Based on the Mechanism of Intergranule Reaction Stresses." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.686.

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Many efforts have been made to simulate the rolling texture evolution in polycrystalline Al for which strain and stress equilibrium of grains need to be considered. The conventional Taylor theory and its modifications, such as current VPSC, ALAMEL, GIA, fail to solve the problem of stress incompatibility between grains and their surrounding matrix properly. A reaction stress model is suggested for rolling deformation, which accounts both for stress and strain equilibrium and predicts similar textures as those by the Taylor theory. The corresponding detailed modification could reproduced the real rolling texture formation if the industrial rolling stress condition is included.

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Turkan, Zihni, and Gaye Anil. "An important cultural heritage in the walled city historical texture of Nicosia: “Victoria street ”." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 31 (August 7, 2020): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.13.

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Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important part of the walled city of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, which houses the historical city texture. A cultural mosaic embodied in its architectural heritage, the formation of the street texture dates back to the Byzantine period of Cyprus. Beginning in the Lusignan period with the Armenian Church still standing today, the historical street texture did not show any development during the Venetian period. The formation of texture of Victoria Street continued in the Ottoman period, and a symbol of the street and the city, ArabahmetPaşa Mosque and XIX. Century Traditional Turkish Houses have taken place in its texture. The historical street texture saw its most important formation and development process during the British period. Besides many buildings with shops on the ground floor and houses on the upper floors built during this period, concrete buildings of shops and houses, three-floor apartments built towards the end of this period contributed to the shaping of the street. The Catholic Church within the present day historical texture of the street was also built during the British period, and forms the border of the street at its south end. During the Republic of Cyprus period, which began in 1960, concrete shops and houses were built in place of buildings tumbling down, and the development of the street texture continued. However, because of the political strife between the communities in Cyprus, the demographical profile of the street changed and this historical texture was neglected. Later, some of the Traditional Turkish House style buildings were renovated with funding from the United Nations and became functional. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation and development of Victoria Street, which is an important cultural heritage within the historical texture of the walled city of Nicosia, through various historical periods, and to establish the physical and social status and its important place in the city beginning with the first construction of the street texture to the present. Information was gathered from written and visual resources for the study using a qualitative research method. The street texture was examined with a field study and photographed.

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Xie, H., M. P. Wang, W. Chen, and Y. Du. "Effect of accumulative roll bonding process on textural evolution and its comparison with normal rolled AA7005 aluminum alloy." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 54, no. 3 (2018): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb171014018x.

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In the present work, texture evolution of AA7005 aluminum alloy during the accumulative roll bonding and conventionally rolled was investigated by X-ray diffraction. It was found that the dominant texture components of both samples were Brass, Copper, Rotated Cube and Goss components, but the ARB texture evolution was quicker and displayed complex features. When the number of ARB cycle increased, the intensity of texture components decreased at the second and third pass, then enhanced at the fourth pass, and finally decreased. During the ARB process there was a texture transition at the second and third pass from Brass and S to Rotated Cube components due to the shear texture which formed on the surface region and moved to the center during the next pass. The enhancement of texture intensity at the fourth pass might be attributed to the formation of nano shear bands. The texture intensity decreasing at final cycle was correlated to redundant shear strain and continuous recrystallization during the high ARB passes.

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De Keyser, Koen, Christophe Detavernier, Jean Jordan Sweet, and Christian Lavoie. "Texture Effects in Solid-State Reactions of Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2857.

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The texture of thin films, originating from a solid state reaction between a deposited film and a single crystal substrate is investigated. The relation between the phase formation and texture is analyzed for a number of these systems, such as Co/Si, Ni/Si or Co/Ge, where a metal film is allowed to react with a semiconductor single crystal substrate during heating and a summary of these results in presented in this article. It was found that the texture of the resulting films can be very complex, consisting of a variety of simultaneously occurring texture components such as epitaxy, fiber and axiotaxy texture. The close connection between the phase formation and texture is demonstrated by the fact that even a small intervention in either one, can have a huge effect on the resulting phase and/or its texture. From this, we show that the effect of the addition of ternary elements (e.g. Pt, W, C) to the thin films can only be understood if one considers its effects on both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the reactions, as well as on the texture of the phases. We show how this can be used to influence technologically important properties of the films, such of formation temperature or stability.

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Bouvier, S., B. Gardey, Thierry Chauveau, and Brigitte Bacroix. "The Effect of Strain Path Change on Texture Evolution at Finite Strain of Multiphase Steel: Numerical and Experimental Investigations." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1097.

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Two-stage sequences of simple shear and/or uniaxial tensile tests conducted on TRIP800 steel sheet and supplemented by texture measurements are reported. The purpose is a better understanding of the macroscopic work-hardening behaviour and its microstructural origin. According to the previously published work on single phase ferrite steel; the peculiar macroscopic transient effect in flow stress was mainly associated to the microstructural destabilization (e.g. reinforcement, dissolution or rearrangement of the previously formed dislocation walls). In addition, the macroscopic work-softening observed at the beginning of the second stage of cross-loading was attributed to the micro-band occurrence. Considering the actual multiphase steel, the main difference lies in the absence of the peculiar transient effect in flow stress upon cross-loading (where no macroscopic work-softening is observed) and the associated microstructural mechanisms (no formation of micro-bands). Besides, the initial texture for the actual multiphase steel is in some extent different to the previously investigated single phase steel mainly made up of the γ-fibre. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the measured deformed textures is carried out in order to investigate the contribution of the texture evolution on the macroscopic work-hardening. The computations of the orientation stability map as well as the predicted texture evolutions using the classical full constraint Taylor- Bishop-Hill (TBH) model are performed for a better understanding of the observed texture development. The influence of the texture evolution on the shape of the stress-strain curves, as well as on the remaining symmetries of the material, is also discussed. Explicitly, we show that despite the presence of a well developed texture in the as-received and deformed material, the contribution of the geometrical hardening (i.e. textural evolution) on the macroscopic behaviour remains small compared to the microstructural one.

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Basu, I., and T. Al-Samman. "Competitive twinning behavior in magnesium and its impact on recrystallization and texture formation." Materials Science and Engineering: A 707 (November 2017): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.09.053.

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Andoyo, Robi, Vania Dianti Lestari, Efri Mardawati, and Bambang Nurhadi. "Fractal Dimension Analysis of Texture Formation of Whey Protein-Based Foods." International Journal of Food Science 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7673259.

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Whey protein in the form of isolate or concentrate is widely used in food industries due to its functionality to form gel under certain condition and its nutritive value. Controlling or manipulating the formation of gel aggregates is used often to evaluate food texture. Many researchers made use of fractal analysis that provides the quantitative data (i.e., fractal dimension) for fundamentally and rationally analyzing and designing whey protein-based food texture. This quantitative analysis is also done to better understand how the texture of whey protein-based food is formed. Two methods for fractal analysis were discussed in this review: image analysis (microscopy) and rheology. These methods, however, have several limitations which greatly affect the accuracy of both fractal dimension values and types of aggregation obtained. This review therefore also discussed problem encountered and ways to reduce the potential errors during fractal analysis of each method.

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Zhao, Xiang, Chang Shu He, J. Xu, and Liang Zuo. "Effects of Electric Field Annealing on Recrystallization Texture and Plastic Strain Ratio (r-Value) of IF Steel Sheet." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3478.

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Effects of electric field annealing on recrystallization texture and average plastic strain ratio (r value) of IF steel sheet were studied by mean of X ray diffraction ODF analysis and the tensile test. Specimens of 75% cold-rolled IF steel sheet were annealed at 850flC for 25min,with and without electric field annealing respectively. Results show that the electric field annealing does not change the type of recrystallization texture and its formation mechanism in IF deep-drawing steel sheet, but improves the formation and development of recrystallization i-fiber texture, enhances the intensity of i-fiber texture, and retards the formation and development of c-fiber texture. Comparing with the conventional annealing, electric field annealing improves the average plastic strain ratio (r value). Possible reasons for the intensification of recrystallization i-fiber texture with the electric field applied may attribute to the reduction of stored energy, thus hindering the formation of other orientated nuclei and enhancing the nucleating ratio of i-oriented nuclei. And the intensification of recrystallization i-fiber texture was considered as the main reason for the enhancement of the plastic strain ratio (r value) in IF steel sheet.

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Laguna, Laura, María Dolores Álvarez, Elena Simone, Maria Victoria Moreno-Arribas, and Begoña Bartolomé. "Oral Wine Texture Perception and Its Correlation with Instrumental Texture Features of Wine-Saliva Mixtures." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060190.

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Unlike solid food, texture descriptors in liquid food are scarce, and they are frequently reduced to the term viscosity. However, in wines, apart from viscosity, terms, such as astringency, body, unctuosity and density, help describe their texture, relating the complexity and balance among their chemical components. Yet there is uncertainty about which wine components (and their combinations) cause each texture sensation and if their instrumental assessment is possible. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of wine texture on its main components, when interacting with saliva. This was completed by using instrumental measurements of density and viscosity, and by using two types of panels (trained and expert). For that, six different model-wine formulations were prepared by adding one or multiple wine components: ethanol, mannoproteins, glycerol, and tannins to a de-alcoholised wine. All formulations were mixed with fresh human saliva (1:1), and their density and rheological properties were measured. Although there were no statistical differences, body perception was higher for samples with glycerol and/or mannoproteins, this was also correlated with density instrumental measurements (R = 0.971, p = 0.029). The viscosity of samples with tannins was the highest due to the formation of complexes between the model-wine and salivary proteins. This also provided astringency, therefore correlating viscosity and astringency feelings (R = 0.855, p = 0.030). No correlation was found between viscosity and body perception because of the overlapping of the phenolic components. Overall, the present results reveal saliva as a key factor when studying the wine texture through instrumental measurements (density and viscosity).

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Amstel, Ton N. M. van, and Harry M. P. Kengen. "Callose deposition in the primary wall of suspension cells and regenerating protoplasts, and its relationship to patterned cellulose synthesis." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-128.

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Monitoring cell-wall formation in vivo with Fluorescent Brightener 28, by fluorescence microscopy, revealed that tobacco protoplasts regeneration started within 30 min indicated by cellulose microfibril formation at distinct sites on the protoplast surface. Oriented cellulose microfibril deposition was apparent before elongation and indicated the early polarization of protoplasts. The sequence of cellulose microfibril deposition correlates with an helicoidal-like texture. Within 6 h, a texture was completed. Tobacco suspension cells, stained by decolourized aniline blue, showed radiant granular callose fluorescence in cell plates and transverse walls. During the culture cycle of suspension cells, transverse fibrillar deposits of callose gradually appeared in the lateral walls during the log-phase, and subsequently disappeared in the early stationary phase of the cell culture. Similar callose transitions were observed in regenerated elongating protoplasts. Culture cells of Morinda citrifolia L. only showed transient granular depositions in the lateral walls. The callose formations did not result from artificial wounding. The transient appearance of callose might be related to cellulose microfibril deposition. Keywords: aniline blue, Calcofluor White ST, callose, cellulose, Fluorescent Brightener 28, Morinda citrifolia, Nicotiana tabacum.

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Perlovich, Yu, H. J. Bunge, and M. Isaenkova. "Inhomogeneous Distribution of Residual Deformation Effects in Textured Bcc Metals." Textures and Microstructures 29, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.29.241.

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The distribution of residual deformation effects in textured metal sheets was studied by X-ray diffractometric methods using a position-sensitive detector (PSD). The elaborated procedure is based on the geometric principles of texture measurement, while the PSD technique allows to observe the profile of the X-ray line simultaneously with registering of its intensity. The proper treatment of experimental results gives values of line intensity, half-width and peak position of each angular position of the studied sample. By analogy with the texture pole figures (TPF), the half-width pole figures (WPF) and the peak position pole figures (PPF) were constructed. The obtained WPFs describe the distribution of deformation effects in the textured sample depending on grain orientation. The distinct correlation between TPF and WPF is demonstrated for rolled Nb and β-Zr: maxima of WPF fall to minima of TPF, while minima of WPF are located at maxima of TPF. The PPF exhibits a cross-wise distribution of elastic strains, providing the mutual equilibrium of extended and contracted regions. To explain this regularity, texture formation mechanisms and probable mutual misorientation of neighbouring grains were considered.

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Jin, Hai Ou, and David J. Lloyd. "Development of Grain Structure and Texture during Annealing in Asymmetrically Rolled AA5754." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.381.

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AA5754 sheet has been processed by asymmetric rolling and the development of grain structure and texture in subsequent annealing studied at 240-500°C. It has been found that asymmetric rolling facilitates the formation of ultra-fine grain structure (1-2µm grain size) by shear strain promoted continuous recrystallization, which is a process of extended recovery and subgrain/grain growth. The ultra-fine grain structure is not thermally stable, and when the annealing temperature or time increases, the grain size eventually grows to its Zener limit. The deformation texture is similar to the typical f.c.c. cold rolling texture but rotated about the transverse direction. Along with the formation of an ultra-fine grain structure and subsequent grain growth, the deformation texture is retained.

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Cabus, C., H. Regle, and B. Bacroix. "Phases transformation textures in steels." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120015.

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Low-carbon steels used for deep-drawability applications have properties which depend greatly on their crystallographic texture. It is therefore important to control the texture evolution during the thermomechanical processing. Until recently, little attention has been paid on the understanding of the textures formation after hot-rolling, which are produced by phase transformation, although it is recognised that they have an effect on the development of the texture in the further process (cold rolling and annealing). Indeed, one of the main difficulties consists in the measurement of texture above ambient temperature, in the austenite range. In the present work, EBSD technique is employed on a low-C steel and a method is proposed to determine local austenite orientation thanks to martensitic one, even if there is no residual austenite in the steel. The orientation relationships between the austenite phase and each of its product phases, here martensite and polygonal ferrite, are analysed and compared. Common Kurdjumov Sachs variants are detected for both phases. Variations in the intensities of these variants are also detected and could be due to the different phase transformation mechanisms, diffusion or shear.

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Igami, Yohei, Shugo Ohi, Tetsu Kogiso, Noboru Furukawa, and Akira Miyake. "High-temperature structural change and microtexture formation of sillimanite and its phase relation with mullite." American Mineralogist 104, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6732.

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Abstract Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of heat-treated sillimanite at various pressures were conducted to clarify the detailed phase relation between sillimanite and mullite. Under TEM, heat-treated sillimanite frequently showed anti-phase boundary (APB)-like textures with a displacement vector of ½[001]sil. Additional scanning TEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of regions with APB-like texture showed that they were clearly enriched in Al and accompanied by very fine, Si-rich glass inclusions, which indicates that the APB-like textures are composed of fine mullite. Moreover, synchrotron XRD patterns of these samples clearly showed double peaks of newly formed mullite and remnant sillimanite, indicating that the compositional transformation from sillimanite to mullite and glass is discontinuous. We separately determined the cell parameters of the sillimanite and mullite from the XRD pattern and found that the b axial length of the sillimanite increased with the treatment temperature, reflecting disordering of tetrahedral Al and Si in the sillimanite. In contrast, the positions of the deconvoluted mullite peaks indicated that the a axial length of mullite decreased as experimental pressure increased, owing to enrichment of the Si component. By projecting the cell parameters onto the a–b axial plane, the detailed changes in the crystallographic state of the sillimanite and mullite could be easily and comprehensively identified. On the basis of our results, we propose a new P-T diagram for the Al2SiO5 system that shows the transformation boundary between sillimanite and mullite + SiO2-rich melt and the contour of the Al/Si order parameter of sillimanite.

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Harumoto, Takashi, Yuichi Suzuki, Ji Shi, and Yoshio Nakamura. "X-ray diffraction study on a (111)-textured palladium thin film under hydrogen loading and unloading: film structure evolution and its mechanism." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 5 (September 28, 2017): 1478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717012638.

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The incorporation of hydrogen normally results in degradation when applied to metals. In this diffraction study, however, improvement of the film structure, such as in-plane grain growth, lattice defect removal and texture enhancement, was observed in a (111)-textured palladium thin film during hydrogen loading and unloading cycles. Accordingly, diffraction stress analysis was performed to investigate the evolution mechanism. It was found that the formation of the β phase during the α-to-β phase transformation occurred at the same in-plane stress present in the α phase, andvice versa. This suggests that the cyclic α–β grain boundary motion during the transformation occurred mainly along the in-plane direction, contributing to the film structure evolution.

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29

Lian, Yong, Benhong Liao, Tao Zhou, Wenjun Ge, Laixin Shi, Li Hu, Mingbo Yang, and Jin Zhang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Mg-3Al-1Zn Magnesium Alloy Sheet Processed by Integrated High Temperature Rolling and Continuous Bending." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030380.

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In the present study, we developed an integrated process that combined high-temperature rolling and continuous bending as a single processing step, i.e., the HTR-CB process, and the process was carried out on Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy sheet in order to improve its ductility at room temperature. The microstructure, texture and mechanical property of the HTR-CB sample were investigated. The results show that the HTR-CB sample after annealing exhibits a high Erichsen value of 6.9, which is more than 1.5 times larger than that (4.6) in the HTR sheet, mainly due to the formation of non-basal textures with double peaks titling at the range of ± 30°~ ± 38° from the normal direction towards the rolling direction. The main reasons for the texture modifications during the HTR-CB process and annealing are discussed.

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Gol’tsman, B. M., V. A. Kutasov, and L. N. Luk’yanova. "Mechanism of formation of texture and its influence on the strength of thermoelectric p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3." Physics of the Solid State 51, no. 4 (April 2009): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783409040167.

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Ji, Mo, Carl Slater, and Claire Davis. "Thermomechanical Processing Map in Retaining {100}//ND texture via Strain-Induced Boundary Migration Recrystallization Mechanism." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 12 (October 21, 2020): 6498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-06047-x.

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AbstractThe feasibility of establishing thermomechanical conditions to promote {100}//ND fiber texture via strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) recrystallization mechanism in a non-grain oriented (NGO) electrical steel was investigated. Single-hit uniaxial compression at various temperatures and strains has been applied on Fe-6 wt pct Si to establish the relationship between stored energy and the softening mechanisms. Recovery only and recrystallization by SIBM or by subgrain growth (SGG) have been observed depending on the stored energy level. A strong {100}//ND fiber recrystallization texture, i.e., 45 pct area fraction, was seen in the sample which was deformed to 0.2 strain at 650 °C and then annealed at 1000 °C for 15 minutes, whereas only 13 pct {100}//ND fiber component was observed after 0.4 strain at 500 °C followed by the same annealing treatment. By examining the same microstructural region before and after annealing via EBSD, it has been shown that {100}//ND textured recrystallized grains were formed adjacent to the {100}// ND textured deformed matrix. Low stored energy has been shown to favor the formation of {100}//ND texture recrystallized grains via SIBM recrystallization mechanism attributed to its slow recrystallization nucleation rate. The results from the deformation studies have been used to suggest a processing window map concept to define the recovery, SIBM, and SGG regions for the starting as-cast columnar microstructure.

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Bokuchava, G. D., V. V. Luzin, J. Schreiber, and Yu V. Taran. "Residual Stress Investigations in Austenitic Steel Samples With Different Degree of Low Cycle Fatigue." Textures and Microstructures 33, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1999): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.33.279.

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Austenitic stainless steels are widely used because of their high corrosion resistance and toughness. The influence of the applied cyclic load on the mechanical properties of the material is of great current interest. In order to investigate residual stress evolution a series of the austenitic steel samples (X6CrNiTi1810) with different degrees of low cycle fatigue was studied. Martensitic phase formation was observed at different degrees of low cycle fatigue. Residual stresses, microstresses in both phases, as well as martensitic precipitation volume fractions, were estimated. Usually after plastic deformation the martensite phase produces a structure of oriented plates or laths. Therefore martensite texture formation during phase transition can be expected. Indeed the registered neutron diffraction spectra from austenitic fatigued samples show texture presence and its variation in dependence of the fatigue degree. The attempt to consider the texture evolution in dependence of fatigue degree and its influence on the residual stresses was made.

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33

Lowenstern, Jacob B., and W. David Sinclair. "Exsolved magmatic fluid and its role in the formation of comb-layered quartz at the Cretaceous Logtung W-Mo deposit, Yukon Territory, Canada." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006696.

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ABSTRACT:Comb-layered quartz is a type of unidirectional solidification texture found at the roofs of shallow silicic intrusions that are often associated spatially with Mo and W mineralisation. The texture consists of multiple layers of euhedral, prismatic quartz crystals (Type I) that have grown on subplanar aplite substrates. The layers are separated by porphyritic aplite containing equant phenocrysts of quartz (Type II), which resemble quartz typical of volcanic rocks and porphyry intrusions. At Logtung, Type I quartz within comb layers is zoned with respect to a number of trace elements, including Al and K. Concentrations of these elements as well as Mn, Ti, Ge, Rb and H are anomalous and much higher than found in Type II quartz from Logtung or in igneous quartz reported elsewhere. The two populations appear to have formed under different conditions. The Type II quartz phenocrysts almost certainly grew from a high-silica melt between 600 and 800°C (as β-quartz); in contrast, the morphology of Type I quartz is consistent with precipitation from a hydrothermal solution, possibly as α-quartz grown below 600°C. The bulk compositions of comb-layered rocks, as well as the aplite interlayers, are consistent with the hypothesis that these textures did not precipitate solely from a crystallising silicate melt. Instead, Type I quartz may have grown from pockets of exsolved magmatic fluid located between the magma and its crystallised border. The Type II quartz represents pre-existing phenocrysts in the underlying magma; this magma was quenched to aplite during fracturing/degassing events. Renewed and repeated formation and disruption of the pockets of exsolved aqueous fluid accounts for the rhythmic banding of the rocks.

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34

Dong, Jiawei, Kemin Zhang, Yang Cai, Zhimin Zhang, Yuan Lei, and Tao Zhang. "Formation of Ultrafine-Grained Ti3Al on a Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Intermetallic Alloy Induced by Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/389594.

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The microstructure modifications, phase, and texture formations encountered in a TiAl based Ti48Al2Cr2Nb intermetallic alloy induced by the high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment were carefully investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The initial material contains the majorityγ-TiAl phase and the minorityα-Ti3Al phase. After the HCPEB treatment, the initialα-Ti3Al was dissolved into the melted layer and the very top surface is covered by ultrafine-grainedα-Ti3Al phase having thermal stress induced cracks. EBSD analyses showed thatα-Ti3Al phase on the very top surface has a001//ND fiber texture and its texture intensity increases with the number of pulses. The superfast thermal stress cycles and the selective evaporation induced by the HCPEB treatment account for the microstructure modifications and formations of ultrafineα-Ti3Al in the TiAl based intermetallic alloy.

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35

Yamagishi, Keisuke, Daisuke Ando, Yuji Sutou, and Yukiko Ogawa. "Texture Formation through Thermomechanical Treatment and Its Effect on Superelasticity in Mg-Sc Shape Memory Alloy." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials 84, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.j2020010.

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36

Yamagishi, Keisuke, Daisuke Ando, Yuji Sutou, and Yukiko Ogawa. "Texture Formation through Thermomechanical Treatment and Its Effect on Superelasticity in Mg–Sc Shape Memory Alloy." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mt-m2020244.

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37

Shetty, A. R., and A. Karimi. "Formation of (113) texture in fcc nitride thin films and its influence on the film properties." Thin Solid Films 528 (January 2013): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.08.062.

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38

Min, Byung-Moo, Lim Jeong, Young Sik Nam, Jin-Man Kim, Jin Young Kim, and Won Ho Park. "Formation of silk fibroin matrices with different texture and its cellular response to normal human keratinocytes." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 34, no. 5 (October 2004): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2004.08.004.

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39

Backx, Petra, and Leo Kestens. "Dynamic Recrystallization during Compression of Mg-3%Al-1%Zn." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.633.

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Magnesium is the lightest structural metal with a density of only 1.74 kg/dm3. Furthermore the yield strength and fracture strain of cast magnesium alloys are as good as those of common grade aluminum alloys. Because of these favorable properties there is a lot of interest from the automotive industry to use magnesium and its alloys in order to produce lighter vehicles. Because of its hexagonal crystal structure magnesium displays a very high mechanical anisotropy and a poor formability. In order to address these problems the influence was studied of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) on the microstructure and texture during compression of AZ31 samples (Mg-3%Al-1%Zn). Cylindrical samples were subjected to uniaxial compression tests at various temperatures and strain rates. The occurrence of DRX is revealed by optical micrographs that display bulging grain boundaries and the formation of newly formed grains. As DRX leads to grain refinement and grain refinement leads to an increased strength, DRX is an appropriate instrument to improve the strength of this alloy. The texture evolution and the volume fraction of recrystallized grains during DRX are monitored by orientation microscopy. The orientation microscopy postprocessing software allows to calculate the textures of both original and recrystallized grains separately. It is shown that the recrystallized grains have a much more random texture than the original ones and that increasing the temperature and decreasing the strain rate have a positive effect on the randomization of the texture. Previous research has shown that a near random initial texture produces a better formability (more than 40% failure strain at room temperature in a compression test) for this alloy [1]. This demonstrates that DRX can give rise to an improved ductility.

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40

Ioannidou, Katerina, Konrad J. Krakowiak, Mathieu Bauchy, Christian G. Hoover, Enrico Masoero, Sidney Yip, Franz-Josef Ulm, Pierre Levitz, Roland J. M. Pellenq, and Emanuela Del Gado. "Mesoscale texture of cement hydrates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 8 (February 8, 2016): 2029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520487113.

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Strength and other mechanical properties of cement and concrete rely upon the formation of calcium–silicate–hydrates (C–S–H) during cement hydration. Controlling structure and properties of the C–S–H phase is a challenge, due to the complexity of this hydration product and of the mechanisms that drive its precipitation from the ionic solution upon dissolution of cement grains in water. Departing from traditional models mostly focused on length scales above the micrometer, recent research addressed the molecular structure of C–S–H. However, small-angle neutron scattering, electron-microscopy imaging, and nanoindentation experiments suggest that its mesoscale organization, extending over hundreds of nanometers, may be more important. Here we unveil the C–S–H mesoscale texture, a crucial step to connect the fundamental scales to the macroscale of engineering properties. We use simulations that combine information of the nanoscale building units of C–S–H and their effective interactions, obtained from atomistic simulations and experiments, into a statistical physics framework for aggregating nanoparticles. We compute small-angle scattering intensities, pore size distributions, specific surface area, local densities, indentation modulus, and hardness of the material, providing quantitative understanding of different experimental investigations. Our results provide insight into how the heterogeneities developed during the early stages of hydration persist in the structure of C–S–H and impact the mechanical performance of the hardened cement paste. Unraveling such links in cement hydrates can be groundbreaking and controlling them can be the key to smarter mix designs of cementitious materials.

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Barbee, Olivia, Craig Chesner, and Chad Deering. "Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization." American Mineralogist 105, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 194–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6947.

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Abstract Textural and chemical heterogeneities in igneous quartz crystals preserve unique records of silicic magma evolution, yet their origins and applications are controversial. To improve our understanding of quartz textures and their formation, we examine those in crystal-laden rhyolites produced by the 74 ka Toba supereruption (>2800 km3) and its post-caldera extrusions. Quartz crystals in these deposits can reach unusually large sizes (10–20 mm) and are rife with imperfections and disequilibrium features, including embayments, melt inclusions, titanomagnetite and apatite inclusions, spongy morphologies, hollow faces, subgrain boundaries, multiple growth centers, and Ti-enriched arborescent zoning. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses (petrography, CL, EBSD, X-ray CT, LA-ICPMS), we determine that those textures commonly thought to signify crystal resorption, crystal deformation, synneusis, or fluctuating P–T conditions are here a consequence of rapid disequilibrium crystal growth. Most importantly, we discover that an overarching process of disequilibrium crystallization is manifested among these crystal features. We propose a model whereby early skeletal to dendritic quartz growth creates a causal sequence of textures derived from lattice mistakes that then proliferate during subsequent stages of slower polyhedral growth. In a reversed sequence, the same structural instabilities and defects form when slow polyhedral growth transitions late to fast skeletal-dendritic growth. Such morphological transitions result in texture interdependencies that become recorded in the textural-chemical stratigraphy of quartz, which may be unique to each crystal. Similar findings in petrologic experimental studies allow us to trace the textural network back to strong degrees of undercooling and supersaturation in the host melt, conditions likely introduced by dynamic magmatic processes acting on short geologic timescales. Because the textural network can manifest in single crystals, the overall morphology and chemistry of erupted quartz can reflect not only its last but its earliest growth behavior in the melt. Thus, our findings imply that thermodynamic disequilibrium crystallization can account for primary textural and chemical heterogeneities preserved in igneous quartz and may impact the application of quartz as a petrologic tool.

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Nagase, Toshiro, and Shoji Kojima. "An SEM examination of the chalcopyrite disease texture and its genetic implications." Mineralogical Magazine 61, no. 404 (February 1997): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.404.09.

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AbstractBack-scattered electron imaging with a scanning electron microscope was applied to the intimate association of fine chalcopyrite grains and sphalerite (‘chalcopyrite disease’) in synthesized products and natural specimens, in order to distinguish between diagnostic features of two formation mechanisms: replacement and coprecipitation. In the synthetic chalcopyrite disease in Fe-bearing sphalerite formed by a replacement reaction, chalcopyrite occurs as fine lamellae, which are also observed in relatively Fe-rich growth bands of the natural zoned sphalerite. Ellipsoidal to lens-like habits of chalcopyrite appear in sphalerite that has undergone extensive replacement reactions. These textures may have grown steadily from the lamellar chalcopyrite by consuming the FeS component dissolved in the sphalerite. All the sphalerite samples formed by the coprecipitation mechanism are Fe-poor, hosting triangular or irregularly bleb-like inclusions of chalcopyrite. This variety of chalcopyrite morphology could be attributed to diffusion rates and variations in fluid saturation, and their effect on the rate of crystal growth. Thus, in both replacement and coprecipitation the chalcopyrite habit depends strongly both on the FeS content of the host sphalerite and on kinetic factors, and is significant when interpreting chalcopyrite disease textures in natural samples.

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Erisov, Yaroslav A., Fedor V. Grechnikov, Alexandr Kuzin, and Igor N. Bobrovskij. "Texture Evolution during Hot Deformation of Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zn-Zr-Sc Alloy." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.856.

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The Gleeble-3800 unit was used to simulate physically the upsetting of cast and hot rolled semi-finished products from aluminum-lithium alloy V-1461 over the temperature range of 400-460°C and the strain rates of 1-60 s-1. Following texture analysis of upset samples showed the most typical preferred crystallographic orientations and its formation features depending on the temperature-strain rate schedules. The formation of recrystallization type orientations at a strain rate of 60 s-1 is a distinctive feature of the cast samples’ behavior during deformation. In general, the established regularities of texture formation allow to produce a hot-rolled semi-finished products from V-1461 alloy with a given structure’s crystallography in compliance with requirements for blank’s forming and product’s operation.

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Zamyatin, D. A., S. L. Votyakov, and Yu V. Shchapova. "JPD-analysis as a new approach for studying the zircon texture with micron spatial resolution with application to geochronology." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 4 (May 22, 2019): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524854479-483.

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The polygenic and polychronous character of zircon texture is the key source of information on the conditions of its growth and secondary alterations. In this research the JPD method of processing of the BSE and CL images including plotting of JPD histograms and JPD maps of grains was developed and applied for quantitative study of the internal texture of zircon grains with micron spatial resolution and for its use in geochronometry. The nomenclature for distinguished zones on the generalized diagram (BSE vs. CL) is suggested for zircons of a wide range of the conditions of its formation, age, size, texture types, and degrees of structure disordering. The JPD-analysis of zircon internal texture is applied for interpretation of the nature of variations in the BSE and CL intensities within an individual heterogeneous grain (on the quantitative level) and between different grains (on the qualitative level). The approach is suggested as the preliminary stage during geochronological studies increasing the reliability of the local electron microprobe and mass spectrometry isotope dating of the mineral.

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45

Munoz, V. A., R. J. Mikula, C. Payette, and W. W. Lam. "Microscopic versus process parameters in heavy-oil upgrading." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010012223x.

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The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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46

Aydogan, Eda, Connor Rietema, Ursula Carvajal-Nunez, Sven Vogel, Meimei Li, and Stuart Maloy. "Effect of High-Density Nanoparticles on Recrystallization and Texture Evolution in Ferritic Alloys." Crystals 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030172.

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Ferritic alloys are important for nuclear reactor applications due to their microstructural stability, corrosion resistance, and favorable mechanical properties. Nanostructured ferritic alloys having a high density of Y-Ti-O rich nano-oxides (NOs < 5 nm) are found to be extremely stable at high temperatures up to ~1100 °C. This study serves to understand the effect of a high density of nano-particles on texture evolution and recrystallization mechanisms in ferritic alloys of 14YWT (14Cr-3W-0.4Ti-0.21Y-Fe wt %) having a high density of nano-particles and dispersion-free FeCrAl (13Cr-5.2Al-0.05Y-2Mo-0.2Si-1Nb wt %). In order to investigate the recrystallization mechanisms in these alloys, neutron diffraction, electron backscattered diffraction, and in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy have been utilized. It has been observed that even though the deformation textures of both the 14YWT and FeCrAl alloys evolved similarly, resulting in either the formation (in FeCrAl alloy) or increase (in 14YWT) in γ-fiber texture, the texture evolution during recrystallization is different. While FeCrAl alloy keeps its γ-fiber texture after recrystallization, 14YWT samples develop a ε-fiber as a result of annealing at 1100 °C, which can be attributed to the existence of NOs. In situ transmission electron microscopy annealing experiments on 14YWT show the combination and growth of the lamellar grains rather than nucleation; however, the recrystallization and growth kinetics are slower due to NOs compared to FeCrAl.

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Slavov, V. I., V. V. Chaschin, S. N. Kostylev, O. M. Naumova, O. S. Khlybov, and A. V. Puchkov. "Impact of Coil Cooling Rate on Texture, Special Boundaries and Properties of Hot Rolled Strip." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.323.

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This paper overviews the current state of development of the structure and properties formation in hot rolled low alloy strip steel after its coiling. To clarify the effect of coil cooling rate on the mechanical behavior, hydrogen content, corrosion , texture and coincidence site lattice industrial experiments were made at a hot strip mill. It is revealed that the texture and CSL has a notable influence on the complex of properties: strength, ductility, toughness and corrosion resistance.

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Helbert, Anne Laure, Wei Wang, Thierry Baudin, François Brisset, and Brisset Penelle. "Formation and Development of Strong Cube Recrystallization Texture in an Aluminium of Commercial Purity." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.391.

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The goal of the present study inspired by previous works on high purity aluminiun was to manufacture aluminium sheets of commercial purity, grade 1050, with a strong cube texture. In this preliminary work on AA1050, sheets which cube volume fraction reaches 65% have been manufactured. Parameters controlling cube orientation development are mainly the solute dragging due to impurities in solid solution and the stored deformation energy. Besides the 85% cold rolling (CR), two extra annealings and a slight cold rolling are introduced in the processing route to increase the cube volume fraction. The cube orientation, whose substructure is equiaxed, is important for its recovery. It develops thanks to the difference of stored energy relative to that of its first neighbors; the slight cold rolling enhances growth of these cube grains.

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Huang, Junyuan, Songbo Wei, Lixin Zhang, Yingying Yang, Song Yang, and Zejun Shen. "Fabricating the Superhydrophobic Nickel and Improving Its Antifriction Performance by the Laser Surface Texturing." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071155.

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The superhydrophobic surface can change the friction property of the material, reduce the adhesion of the friction interface, and produce a certain slip, thereby reducing the friction coefficient. The laser has high energy, high density, and is especially suitable for the surface treatment of materials. The laser surface texturing is a good way to construct superhydrophobic surfaces. The experiment uses a nanosecond pulse laser to construct the groove texture on the nickel surface. The contact area between the air and the droplets retained on the rough surface is increased, effectively preventing the water droplets from entering the gully of the surface microstructure, reducing the water droplets and the solid surface. The contact area ultimately makes the surface exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity. A superhydrophobic nickel surface having an apparent contact angle of water (ACAW) of 160° and a sliding angle (SA) of less than 10° was prepared. The MM-W1B vertical universal friction and wear tester was used to test the groove texture samples with different depths. The surface texture can capture the wear debris generated by the wear and store the lubricant, which is beneficial to the formation of fluid dynamic pressure lubrication and improve the load. The friction coefficient is reduced from 0.65 of the unprocessed surfaces to 0.25 after the texturing, and the friction performance is greatly improved.

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GIANNINI, E., E. BELLINGERI, F. MARTI, M. DHALLÉ, V. HONKIMÄKI, and R. FLÜKIGER. "PHASE FORMATION AND TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT IN AG-SHEATHED Bi, Pb(2223) TAPES STUDIED BY DIFFERENT IN-SITU AND EX-SITU DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2000): 2688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002788.

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In-situ and ex-situ high energy (80÷88 keV) X-Ray diffraction from a synchrotron radiation source were performed on multifilamentary Bi, Pb(2223)/Ag tapes using a transmission scattering geometry. Several thermo-mechanical procedures were compared, focusing mainly on the texture development of both Bi, Pb(2212) and Bi, Pb(2223) phases. The effect of the periodic pressing on the texture and on the critical current is elucidated. The texture development of the Bi, Pb(2212) phase prior to its transformation into Bi, Pb(2223) was directly observed in-situ at high temperature by using a dedicated high-energy X-ray compatible furnace and a high resolution Image Plate detector. A sharp increase of the Bi, Pb(2212) grain orientation along the [00l] direction was found to occur only above 750°C. Normal state transport measurements are in full agreement with the formation mechanism and with the texture development observed. A comparison of the results with the ones provided by in-situ neutron diffraction and standard low-energy XRD in a reflection geometry is presented.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Texture and its Formation'

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