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1
Agebjörn, Jennie, and Cecilia Stolt. "Att bygga en bro mellan två språk : En språkanalys av två matematikläromedel för årskurs 3." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49532.
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The aim of the study is to perform a linguistic analysis of mathematics textbooks. Mathematical text exercises are built up of linguistic structures which are significant for the pupil’s understanding of text exercises. Two different mathematics textbooks for grade three are analysed: Prima matematikand Tummen upp. The aim is to investigate how text exercises in mathematics textbooks are linguistically structured. The study analyses the style, form and content of the text and its relation to the reader. The result shows that the content of the text exercises is close to the pupil’s everyday reality, which ensures a close and strong relationship between the writer and the reader. Something which can entail difficulties for reading comprehension, however, is that the form consists of meaning-bearing mathematical terms which it can be difficult to relate to. Since the mathematical language and the everyday Swedish language meet in text exercises, it is important that they interact well with each other.
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Sorby, Janet, and n/a. "ASCIS subject headings and student terminology : the relationship between the subject headings used in manual school library catalogues in New South Wales and the subject access terms generated by NSW Higher School Certificate syllabus documents, textbooks and examination questions." University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050516.152713.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the concerns of secondary school teacher-librarians, that the subject headings set down by the Australian Schools Catalogue Information Service (ASCIS) do not cover topics in senior sourses of study. NSW HSC Economics was chosen to test this perception.
Terms were extracted from three textual sources (syllabus, textbook and examination papers) and checked against the subject headings in the ASCIS Subject Headings List. A comparison was made between terms which matched exactly, those which were only partially matched and those which had no match. The linguistic complexity of the term (single-word or multi-word) and the number of textual sources using the term were also taken into account.
The results showed a varying degree of match between textual terms and subject headings. Single-word terms found in more than one textual source were much more likely to be found in the subject headings than those from only one textual source. Multi-word terms were found less frequently than single-word terms, but were also more likely to be found when they came from more than one textual source. There was a large number of partial matches in this group, and these were found to be more general in concept than the textual terms.
Most of the terms were found, but the general nature of the partial matches and the lack of adequate cross references may cause problems in subject analysis and retrieval.
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Silva, Sidnei Roberto Feliciano da. "Uso de multi termos em pesquisa textual jurídica." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80361.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T13:18:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
225415.pdf: 351156 bytes, checksum: 909dfbbea29d079764e868a379e9e213 (MD5)<br>A pesquisa com multi termos auxilia o processo de busca em bases de dados textuais ao combinar as palavras existentes em cada documento e produzindo um índice classificado pela freqüência de ocorrência de cada um dos termos gerados. A utilização de multi termos na pesquisa jurídica demonstra ser de grande eficiência na aplicação da metodologia. É aferido na pesquisa que o uso de multi termos oferece uma quantidade menor de documentos retornados da pesquisa, com um maior nível de qualidade. A geração de índices de pesquisa é otimizada com a exclusão de palavras de alta ou baixa freqüência, bem como com a limitação na geração da quantidade de palavras que formarão cada termo.
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Muniz, Fernando Aurélio Martins. "Extração de termos de manuais técnicos de produtos tecnológicos: uma aplicação em Sistemas de Adaptação Textual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-02092011-160517/.
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No Brasil, cerca de 68% da população é classificada como leitores com baixos níveis de alfabetização, isto é, possuem o nível de alfabetização rudimentar (21%) ou básico (47%), segundo dados do INAF (2009). O projeto PorSimples utilizou as duas abordagens de Adaptação Textual, a Simplificação e a Elaboração, para ajudar leitores com baixo nível de alfabetização a compreender documentos disponíveis na Web em português do Brasil, principalmente textos jornalísticos. Esta pesquisa de mestrado também se dedicou às duas abordagens acima, mas o foco foi o gênero de textos instrucionais. Em tarefas que exigem o uso de documentação técnica, a qualidade da documentação é um ponto crítico, pois caso a documentação seja imprecisa, incompleta ou muito complexa, o custo da tarefa ou até mesmo o risco de acidentes aumenta muito. Manuais de instrução possuem duas relações procedimentais básicas: a relação gera generation (quando uma ação gera automaticamente uma ação ), e a relação habilita enablement (quando a realização de uma ação permite a realização da ação , mas o agente precisa fazer algo a mais para garantir que irá ocorrer). O projeto aqui descrito, intitulado NorMan, estudou como as relações procedimentais gera e habilita são realizadas em manuais de instruções, dando base para a criação do sistema NorMan Extractor, que implementa um método de extração de termos dedicado ao gênero de textos instrucionais, especificamente aos manuais técnicos. Também foi proposta a adaptação do sistema de autoria de textos simplificados criado no projeto PorSimples o SIMPLIFICA para atender o gênero de textos instrucional. O SIMPLIFICA adaptado usa a lista de candidatos a termo, gerada pelo sistema NorMan Extractor, com duas funções: (a) para auxiliar na identificação de palavras que não devem ser simplificadas pelo método de simplificação léxica baseado em sinônimos, e (b) para gerar uma elaboração léxica para facilitar o entendimento do texto<br>In Brazil, 68% of the population can be classified as low-literacy readers, i.e., people at the rudimentary (21%) and basic (47%) literacy levels, according to the National Indicator of Functional Literacy (INAF, 2009). The PorSimples project used the two approaches of Textual Adaptation, Simplification and Elaboration, to help readers with low-literacy levels to understand Brazilian Portuguese documents on the Web, mainly newspaper articles. In this research we also used the two approaches above, but the focus was the genre of instructional texts. In tasks requiring the use of technical documentation, the quality of documentation is a critical point, because if the documentation is inaccurate, incomplete or too complex, the cost of the task or even the risk of accidents is greatly increased. Instructions manuals have two basic procedural relationships: the relation generation (by performing one of the actions (), the other () will automatically occur), and the relation enablement (when enables , then the agent needs to do something more than to guarantee that will be done). The project presented here, entitled NorMan, investigated the realization of the relationships between procedural actions in instruction manuals, providing the basis for creating an automatic term extraction method devoted to the genre of instructional texts, specifically technical manuals. We also proposed an adaptation of the authoring system of simplified texts created in the project PorSimples - the SIMPLIFICA - to deals with the genre of instrumental texts. The new SIMPLIFICA uses the list of term candidates, generated by the proposed method, with two functions: (a) to assist in the identification of words that should not be simplified by the lexical simplification method based on synonyms, and (b) to generate a lexical elaboration to facilitate the comprehension of the text
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Quadros, Carmen Regina Teixeira de. "Termos de consentimento livre e esclarecido: o gênero e sua estruturação." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2548.
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Previous issue date: 19<br>Nenhuma<br>Este estudo objetiva analisar textos do gênero Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), utilizados no encaminhamento de projetos de pesquisa para avaliações nos Comitês de Ética, conforme a Resolução 196/96. Esse tipo de estudo é relevante devido à necessidade da comunidade científica de elaborar tais textos de maneira clara, coesa, de forma a permitir a compreensão de quem os lê. Para o estudo, foram analisados 30 textos de três instituições diferentes, todos aprovados pelos Comitês de Ética. Essa análise foi constituída por três momentos distintos, a partir da teoria desenvolvida por Jean Paul Bronckart (1999), a qual concebe a organização do texto como um folhado constituído por três camadas superpostas. O primeiro momento refere-se à infra-estrutura geral do texto, que compreende os seguintes parâmetros: a temática do TCLE, o tipo de discurso predominante, as seqüências textuais presentes, a articulação entre essas seqüências. O segundo diz respeito à analise dos mecanismos de textualização, se<br>The goal of this work is to analyze Informed Consent texts (TCLE), used at the referring of research projects to Ethics Committees’ evaluations, concerning to the Resolution 196/96. This kind of study is relevant because of the research community’s necessity to elaborate those texts in a clear and cohesive way, so that people are able to understand them. To the study, 30 texts of three different institutions were analyzed, all of them approved by the institutions’ Ethics Committees. This material was analyzed in three different moments, and it is based on Jean Paul Bronckart’s theory (1999), which understands the text organization as a leaf with three layers. The first moment is about the general structure of the text, which has the following parameters: the TCLE thematic, predominant kind of discourse, presented textual sequences, joint between these sequences; the second is about the analyses of the texts mechanisms, where the parameters thematic coherence, nominal and verbal cohesion, as well as logical-ti
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Schmidt, Marek. "Extrakce sémantických vztahů z textu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236014.
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Extraction of semantic relations from English text is the topic of this thesis. It focuses on exploitation of a dependency parser. A method based on syntactic patterns is proposed and evaluated in addition to evaluation of several statistical methods over syntactic features. It applies the methods for extraction of a hypernymy relation and evaluates it on the WordNet thesaurus. A system for extraction of semantic relations from text is designed and implemented based on these methods.
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CASTRO, Cristiane de Souza. "Uso de termos hiperônimos em textos dissertativos-argumentativos de alunos do ensino fundamental da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17268.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-16<br>CAPEs<br>O objetivo geral da pesquisa aqui apresentada é verificar, a partir de análises de produção de textos
escritos, o domínio de estudantes do módulo final (oitavo e nono anos do ensino fundamental) da
Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) de uma escola municipal da cidade de Picuí, estado da
Paraíba, em relação ao uso de hiperônimos como recurso de coesão por substituição no gênero
dissertação escolar. Como objetivos específicos, pretendemos refletir sobre os motivos das
possíveis dificuldades apresentadas nesses textos para ampliar o debate acerca da necessidade do
trabalho com o léxico em sala de aula; possibilitar a reflexão dos estudantes no que diz respeito aos
processos de coesão textual, em especial aos recursos de substituição, com o uso de hiperônimos;
verificar, a partir das produções analisadas, o nível de proficiência dos voluntários no que diz
respeito à argumentatividade, observando, assim, que sentidos são produzidos através de seus textos
escritos; elaborar um protótipo de um livro – produto final de nossa pesquisa – que apresenta
informações teóricas a respeito do tema recurso de coesão por hiperônimo, com o objetivo de ser
um material que pode ser usado e processos de formação continuada de professores da EJA. Os
voluntários da pesquisa são 11 estudantes da EJA com faixa etária maior de 18 anos. Nossa hipótese
foi que muitos estudantes de séries finais do ensino básico apresentam dificuldade com o uso de
hiperônimos como recurso de coesão. A nosso ver, isso ocorre pelo fato de eles não conhecerem
explicitamente o fenômeno de coesão e por não terem acesso a diferentes meios para a ampliação de
seu acervo lexical. Procedemos a uma análise dos dados do tipo quali-quantitativa, a fim de
verificar a pertinência e a frequência do recurso coesivo investigado. A base teórica da pesquisa está
assentada principalmente em Halliday; Hasan (1976), Beaugrande; Dressler (1981), Ungerer;
Schmid (1996), Lyons (1980), Bidernam (1996), Menegassi; Fuza (2008), Menegassi (2005), Costa
Val (1999), Marcuschi (2003, 2012), Antunes (1996, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010 e 2012) e Koch (1999,
2002, 2005). Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos voluntários fez recurso ao hiperônimo, mas
ainda de uma maneira insatisfatória, fato que revela que, provavelmente, a escola ainda não trabalha
suficientemente o léxico.<br>El objetivo general de la pesquisa aquí presentada es verificar, a partir de análisis de producción de
textos escritos, el dominio de estudiantes de módulo final (octavo y nono años de la enseñanza
fundamental) de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) de una escuela municipal de la cuidad de
Picuí, estado de Paraíba, en relación al uso de hiperónimos como recurso de cohesión por
sustitución el en género disertación escolar. Como objetivos específicos, pretendemos reflexionar
sobre los motivos de las posibles dificultades presentadas en esos textos para ampliar el debate
acerca de la necesidad del trabajo con el léxico en clase; posibilitar la reflexión de los estudiantes en
el que dice respeto a los procesos de cohesión textual, en especial a los recursos de sustitución, con
el uso de hiperónimos; verificar, a partir de las producciones analizadas, el nivel de competencia de
los voluntarios el no que dice respeto a la argumentatividad, con la observación de los sentidos
producidos a través de sus textos escritos; elaborar un prototipo de libro – producto final de nuestra
pesquisa – que presenta informaciones teóricas a respeto del tema recurso de cohesión por
hiperónimo, con el objetivo de ser un material que puede ser usado en procesos de formación
continuada de profesores de EJA. Los voluntarios de la pesquisa son 11 estudiantes de la EJA con
faja de edad mayor de 18 años. Nuestra hipótesis fue que muchos estudiantes de series finales de la
enseñanza básica presentan dificultad con el uso de hiperónimos como recurso de cohesión. En
nuestra opinión, eso ocurre porque ellos no conocen explícitamente el fenómeno de cohesión y por
no tener acceso a diferentes medios para la ampliación de su acervo lexical. Procederemos a un
análisis de los datos de tipo cuali-cuantitativo, con la finalidad de verificar la pertinencia y la
frecuencia del recurso cohesivo investigado. La base teórica de la pesquisa está asentada
principalmente en Halliday; Hasan (1976), Beaugrande; Dressler (1981), Ungerer; Schmid (1996),
Lyons (1980), Bidernam (1996), Menegassi; Fuza (2008), Menegassi (2005), Costa Val (1999),
Marcuschi (2003, 2012), Antunes (1996, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010 e 2012) e Koch (1999, 2002,
2005). Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los voluntarios hicieron recurso al hiperónimo,
pero de una manera insatisfactoria, hecho que revela que, probablemente, la escuela todavía no
trabaja suficientemente el léxico.
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Cardoso, Mar?lia Silva Lemos. "A hist?ria de um delito: a sequ?ncia narrativa em termos de depoimento." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23996.
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Previous issue date: 2017-01-27<br>Neste trabalho, temos o objetivo de investigar como ocorrem as sequ?ncias narrativas no g?nero termo de depoimento, pe?a processual que integra o inqu?rito policial e ? destinada ao depoimento da(s) testemunha(s). Nossa fundamenta??o te?rica parte dos pressupostos gerais da Lingu?stica Textual atrav?s de autores como Koch (1997; 1999; 2002; 2008; 2009), Koch e Elias (2012; 2013) e Marcuschi (2008; 2012), e mais precisamente da An?lise Textual dos Discursos com Adam (2011) no que se refere ao estudo do plano de texto e da sequ?ncia textual narrativa. Em rela??o ao discurso jur?dico, respaldamo-nos em Pel?gio (2002), Gomes (2011), Nucci (2014) e Fran?a (2015). Metodologicamente, ? uma pesquisa documental, que apresenta um car?ter qualitativo, descritivo e que se orienta pelos m?todos do racioc?nio indutivo e dedutivo. O corpus ? constitu?do por tr?s termos de depoimento oriundos de uma Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento ? Mulher (DEAM), localizada em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados mostram que o depoimento prestado pela testemunha ? composto predominantemente pela sequ?ncia narrativa, a qual constitui uma narrativa maior, global, que por sua vez ? composta por diversas narrativas menores ? as chamadas narrativas encaixadas, as quais atuam no texto em fun??o dessa narrativa de n?vel global. Os resultados mostram tamb?m que as sequ?ncias narrativas desempenham um importante papel no g?nero termo de depoimento, pois funcionam como principal mecanismo de organiza??o do depoimento da testemunha.<br>In the present work, we aim to investigate how the narrative sequences occur within the genre testimony record, procedural component that integrates the police investigation whilst being intended for the witness testimony. Our theoretical groundings are based on the general propositions of the Text Linguistics with authors as Koch (1997; 1999; 2002; 2008; 2009), Koch e Elias (2012; 2013) and Marcuschi (2008; 2012), and, more specifically, on the Discourse Textual Analysis with Adam (2011) regarding the text plan and narrative sequence studies. In relation to the legal discourse, we use Pel?gio (2002), Gomes (2011), Nucci (2014) and Fran?a (2015).The methodology consists of a documental research, of qualitative and descriptive nature, as well as guided by the inductive and deductive reasoning. The corpus is represented by three testimonial records obtained from a Women?s Police Station (Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento ? Mulher ? DEAM), located at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Results indicate that the testimony provided by the witness is predominantly composed by several minor narratives ? the so-called embedded narratives, which act upon the text due to a global-level narrative. The results also indicate that the narrative sequences play an important role in the testimonial record genre, because they function as the main mechanism for the organization and arrangement of the witness testimony.
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Conrado, Merley da Silva. "O efeito do uso de diferentes formas de extração de termos na compreensibilidade e representatividade dos termos em coleções textuais na língua portuguesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-19012010-112047/.
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A extração de termos em coleções textuais, que é uma atividade da etapa de Pré-Processamento da Mineração de Textos, pode ser empregada para diversos fins nos processos de extração de conhecimento. Esses termos devem ser cuidadosamente extraídos, uma vez que os resultados de todo o processo dependerão, em grande parte, da \"qualidade\" dos termos obtidos. A \"qualidade\" dos termos, neste trabalho, abrange tanto a representatividade dos termos no domínio em questão como sua compreensibilidade. Tendo em vista sua importância, neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do uso de diferentes técnicas de simplificação de termos na compreensibilidade e representatividade dos termos em coleções textuais na Língua Portuguesa. Os termos foram extraídos seguindo os passos da metodologia apresentada neste trabalho e as técnicas utilizadas durante essa atividade de extração foram a radicalização, lematização e substantivação. Para apoiar tal metodologia, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, a ExtraT (Ferramenta para Extração de Termos). Visando garantir a \"qualidade\" dos termos extraídos, os mesmos são avaliados objetiva e subjetivamente. As avaliações subjetivas, ou seja, com o auxílio de especialistas do domínio em questão, abrangem a representatividade dos termos em seus respectivos documentos, a compreensibilidade dos termos obtidos ao utilizar cada técnica e a preferência geral subjetiva dos especialistas em cada técnica. As avaliações objetivas, que são auxiliadas por uma ferramenta desenvolvida (a TaxEM - Taxonomia em XML da Embrapa), levam em consideração a quantidade de termos extraídos por cada técnica, além de abranger tambéem a representatividade dos termos extraídos a partir de cada técnica em relação aos seus respectivos documentos. Essa avaliação objetiva da representatividade dos termos utiliza como suporte a medida CTW (Context Term Weight). Oito coleções de textos reais do domínio de agronegócio foram utilizadas na avaliaçao experimental. Como resultado foram indicadas algumas das características positivas e negativas da utilização das técnicas de simplificação de termos, mostrando que a escolha pelo uso de alguma dessas técnicas para o domínio em questão depende do objetivo principal pré-estabelecido, que pode ser desde a necessidade de se ter termos compreensíveis para o usuário até a necessidade de se trabalhar com uma menor quantidade de termos<br>The task of term extraction in textual domains, which is a subtask of the text pre-processing in Text Mining, can be used for many purposes in knowledge extraction processes. These terms must be carefully extracted since their quality will have a high impact in the results. In this work, the quality of these terms involves both representativity in the specific domain and comprehensibility. Considering this high importance, in this work the effects produced in the comprehensibility and representativity of terms were evaluated when different term simplification techniques are utilized in text collections in Portuguese. The term extraction process follows the methodology presented in this work and the techniques used were radicalization, lematization and substantivation. To support this metodology, a term extraction tool was developed and is presented as ExtraT. In order to guarantee the quality of the extracted terms, they were evaluated in an objective and subjective way. The subjective evaluations, assisted by domain specialists, analyze the representativity of the terms in related documents, the comprehensibility of the terms with each technique, and the specialist\'s opinion. The objective evaluations, which are assisted by TaxEM and by Thesagro (National Agricultural Thesaurus), consider the number of extracted terms by each technique and their representativity in the related documents. This objective evaluation of the representativity uses the CTW measure (Context Term Weight) as support. Eight real collections of the agronomy domain were used in the experimental evaluation. As a result, some positive and negative characteristics of each techniques were pointed out, showing that the best technique selection for this domain depends on the main pre-established goal, which can involve obtaining better comprehensibility terms for the user or reducing the quantity of extracted terms
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Moura, Adila Beatriz Naud de. "Tipologia textual e ativação de terminologia : um estudo em manuais técnicos de produtos tecnológicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24855.
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O propósito desta tese é investigar os mecanismos, de caráter linguístico-textual, que respondem pela ativação de termos técnicos em manuais de produtos tecnológicos. Delimitamos o campo da investigação a unidades lexicais e semiológicas, de valor especializado, em quatro manuais técnicos que tratam de procedimentos de uso de produtos tecnológicos – relógios de ponto automatizados. Partimos da hipótese de que há uma relação significativa entre tipologia textual e ativação da terminologia. O estudo orienta-se, quanto à abordagem textual, pela proposta semiolinguística de Charaudeau (2001), nos três níveis de competência: situacional, discursiva e semiolinguística; e, quanto à Terminologia, pelos princípios da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT) (CABRÉ, 1999). Para tanto, desenvolvemos dois focos de investigação: (a) descrever a tipologia textual constituída pelos manuais, que são textos técnicos, modalizados pela dimensão deôntica da prescrição; (b) identificar os mecanismos sintático-semânticos de engendramento das unidades terminológicas nos manuais estudados. Elegemos, como ambiente privilegiado de investigação dos mecanismos, estruturas linguísticas com a preposição para (e estruturas equivalentes: a fim de (loc. prep.), para que (loc. conjunt.), a fim de que (loc.conjunt.)), organizadas em frases, extraídas do corpus, a partir de expressões regulares de busca de padrões criadas a partir do programa Unitex (conjunto de programas que possibilitam o tratamento de textos em língua natural utilizando recursos linguísticos, Université Marne-la-Valée, Sebastian Paumier, novembro de 2002). A escolha recaiu nessa preposição em razão de ela ter como propriedade semântico-lexical as categorias estativo-finalidade e ser do tipo predicadora, aspectos que interessam à hipótese de ser nesse habitat a ativação da terminologia da área de especialidade estudada (BERG, 2005). Criou-se uma regra que representasse as possibilidades de análise das frases com a preposição para - {PARA realizar (xt), use (yt)}, em que para é classificada como um Marcador de Finalidade (MF). As extrações, visualizadas em frases, foram submetidas à verificação da presença de unidades lexicais e semióticas. Os resultados apontam para a presença de unidades terminológicas na posição de (xt) e (yt). Para a refinação dos resultados, submetemo-los à ótica de especialista para a validação dos dados. As estruturas frasais foram denominadas de fraseamentos, considerando que são unidades típicas dos manuais: contêm a característica deôntica, evidenciam a modalidade delocutiva, a organização semiolinguística (o texto nos níveis de composição, construção gramatical e uso do léxico) e a terminologia da área. Os resultados da investigação indicam que a estrutura {PARA realizar (xt), use (yt)}, realizada em fraseamentos com MF, é um dos locus do habitat para a ativação de terminologias em manuais técnicos. Trata-se de um estudo que reúne elementos textuais e linguísticos, não se limitando aos aspectos conceituais da comunicação especializada.<br>The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the linguistic and textual mechanisms responsible for the activation of technical terms in manuals of technological products. We narrowed the field of the investigation to the lexical and semiological units in four technical manuals that deal with procedures for the use of technological products - automated time clocks. We departed from the hypothesis that there is a significant relation between text typology and the activation of terminology. In relation to the textual approach adopted, this study uses Charaudeau´s Semiolinguistic Theory and its three level competencies: situational, discourse and semiolinguistic (2001). In relation to the field of Terminology, this study is based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology (TCT) (CABRÉ, 1999). To this end, we developed two points of investigation: a) to describe the text typology in the manuals, which are technical texts regulated by the deontic dimension of the prescription; b) to identify the syntactic-semantic mechanisms that create the terminological units in the manuals. We chose to analyze linguistic structures including the preposition para (and some equivalent structures: a fim de, para que, a fim de que) organized in sentences, extracted from the corpus from regular expressions for search of patterns created by the Unitex program (Université Marle-la-Valée, Sebastian Paumier, november of 2002). We chose to analyze this preposition because of its semantic-lexical properties: predicator (BERG, 2005), aspects that are relevant to the hypothesis that it is in this habitat that the activation of the terminology of the area happens. We created a rule that represented the possibilities for the analysis of the sentences including the preposition para - {PARA realizar (xt), use (yt)} ({TO achieve (xt), use (yt)}), in which para is classified as a purpose marker (MF). The extractions, which can be observed in the sentences, were submitted to the verification of the presence of lexical and semiotic units.The results obtained indicate that the structure {PARA realizar (xt), use (yt)} is one of the habitat for the activation of the terminology in technical manuals. This is a study that gathers textual and linguistic elements, going beyond the conceptual aspects of the specialized communication.
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MacCormack, Alan. "The term "privilege" : a textual study of its meaning and use in the 1983 code of canon law /." Roma : Ed. Pontificia Univ. Gregoriana, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279626304.pdf.
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Bettio, Raphael Winckler de. "Inter-relaão das técnicas Term Extration e Query Expansion aplicadas na recuperação de documentos textuais." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90753.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T14:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
246508.pdf: 642498 bytes, checksum: 8cdf470f4a300ff9badf3d49f0a8247b (MD5)<br>Conforme Sighal (2006) as pessoas reconhecem a importância do armazenamento e busca da informação e, com o advento dos computadores, tornou-se possível o armazenamento de grandes quantidades dela em bases de dados. Em conseqüência, catalogar a informação destas bases tornou-se imprescindível. Nesse contexto, o campo da Recuperação da Informação, surgiu na década de 50, com a finalidade de promover a construção de ferramentas computacionais que permitissem aos usuários utilizar de maneira mais eficiente essas bases de dados. O principal objetivo da presente pesquisa é desenvolver um Modelo Computacional que possibilite a recuperação de documentos textuais ordenados pela similaridade semântica, baseado na intersecção das técnicas de Term Extration e Query Expansion.
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Bacle, Guillaume. "Les muscles infraspinatus et teres minor : anatomie, analyse de texture en imagerie IRM et comportement viscoélastique en élastographie ultrasonore." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3301/document.
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Les muscles infraépineux et petit rond sont cruciaux sur le plan fonctionnel et sont altérés dans le cadre des pathologies de la coiffe des rotateurs. La proportion de tissu graisseux dans l’infraépineux est actuellement un critère pronostic du résultat fonctionnel des réparations des lésions tendineuses de la coiffe des rotateurs. Les buts de ce travail sont de caractériser ces muscles sur le plan anatomique, de proposer une meilleure exploration de leur morphologie par IRM, d’utiliser l’analyse de texture informatique pour objectiver leur composition et enfin, d’utiliser l’élastographie ultrasonore pour analyser leur comportement viscoélastique en contrainte. L’infraépineux et le petit rond sont respectivement de conformation tripennée et parallèle. Les critères d’acquisition IRM de routine peuvent être aisément optimisés pour analyser plus précisément les muscles rotateurs externes. L’analyse de texture semble prometteuse pour évaluer la proportion de tissu graisseux dans le muscle squelettique. L’élastographie ultrasonore permet d’appréhender le degré d’anisotropie musculaire, et donc l’état d’organisation du muscle infraépineux<br>Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are crucial functionally and are regularly impaired in the context of of the rotator cuff pathology. The proportion of fatty tissue in the infraspinatus is currently a strong prognosis criterion of functional outcomes of rotator cuff tendon repair. The goals of this work are to characterize these muscles anatomically, to provide a better exploration of their morphology by MRI, to use computer texture analysis to objectify their composition and finally to use the ultrasound elastography for analysing their viscoelastic behaviour under stress. Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles have a tripennate and parallel organization, respectively. Routine MRI acquisition criteria can be easily optimized to analyse more precisely the external rotator muscles. Texture analysis seems promising to assess the proportion of fatty tissue in the skeletal muscle. The ultrasound elastography allows us to estimate the degree of muscle anisotropy, and therefore the state of organization of the infraspinatus muscle
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Ben, Ohoud Mohsine. "Etude comparative de l'organisation des materiaux argileux en termes de dimensions fractales." Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2002.
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Caracterisation structurale et texturale des materiaux argileux selon une nouvelle approche reposant sur l'idee que l'organisation des elements de la texture a une echelle donnee se retrouve adaptes a chaque echelle. Formalisation de cette approche dans le cadre de la theorie des fractals. On montre aue kaolinite, argiles fibreuses et illite relevent d'une description triviale, basee sur un assemblage tridimensionnel desordonne, alors que les montmorillonites sont des materiaux a texture fractale. On analyse les correlations entre dimensions fractales de surface et de porosite des montmorillonitesm deshydratees et les proprietes des suspensions (permeabilite, retention en eaum rheologie)
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Leixner, Petr. "Shlukování textových dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237188.
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Process of text data clustering can be used to analysis, navigation and structure large sets of texts or hypertext documents. The basic idea is to group the documents into a set of clusters on the basis of their similarity. The well-known methods of text clustering, however, do not really solve the specific problems of text clustering like high dimensionality of the input data, very large size of the databases and understandability of the cluster description. This work deals with mentioned problems and describes the modern method of text data clustering based on the use of frequent term sets, which tries to solve deficiencies of other clustering methods.
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Kilian, Cristiane Krause. "A retomada de unidades de significação especializada em textos em língua alemã e portuguesa sobre gestão de resíduos : uma contribuição para a tradução técnico-científica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17529.
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Na presente pesquisa, empreende-se um estudo comparativo sobre o funcionamento de unidades de significação especializada (USE) formadas por um núcleo eventivo (NE) e um núcleo terminológico (NT) na área de gestão de resíduos, em textos escritos em língua alemã e portuguesa. Analisa-se o modo como essas unidades especializadas são retomadas ao longo do texto nessas duas línguas e quais conseqüências essas diferenças ou semelhanças trazem para o processo de tradução. A análise é efetuada a partir de um corpus comparável formado por textos em língua alemã e língua portuguesa extraídos de revistas especializadas e também de um corpus paralelo composto por textos nas duas direções tradutórias. Para a categorização das formas de retomada textual, são integrados aportes da Lingüística Textual e da Terminologia, mais especificamente abordagens sobre coesão e variação terminológica. No âmbito dos Estudos da Tradução, é proposta uma categorização das modalidades tradutórias que embasam a análise das escolhas feitas pelos tradutores. Verificaram-se algumas diferenças nos textos em relação aos mecanismos de retomada das unidades analisadas. Enquanto nos textos em língua alemã percebe-se uma tendência a usar a forma plena da unidade de significação especializada, nos textos em língua portuguesa evidencia-se uma preferência pela forma reduzida. Essas particularidades trazem conseqüências para a tradução, pois, conforme verificamos, as modalidades tradutórias não apresentam a mesma distribuição. Depois da substituição terminológica, que se mostrou a modalidade mais usada nas duas direções tradutórias, os textos traduzidos para o alemão empregam o acréscimo, enquanto, nos textos traduzidos para o português, há uma preferência pelo apagamento.<br>This study develops a comparative study about units with specialized meaning, in particular those composed of eventive and terminological nuclei in the field of waste management, in German and Portuguese. Our focus is on how such units are recalled all through the text in both languages and the consequences of differences or similarities in the translation process. Analysis was performed based on a comparable corpus, composed of texts in German and Portuguese from specialized periodicals, and on a parallel corpus composed of texts translated from German into Portuguese and from Portuguese into German. In order to classify how units are retaken, we relied on the literature about Text Linguistics and Terminology, especially in what concerns cohesion and terminological variation. As a contribution to the Translation Studies, we suggest a classification of translation modalities that are behind the translators' choices. There were some differences in texts as to how units are recalled (recalling mechanisms). While in texts written in German we realize a trend to use the full form of the unit with specialized meaning, in Portuguese there is a clear preference for the reduced form. Such particularities have consequences to translation, because, as evidenced through our analysis, translation modalities are not evenly distributed. After terminological replacement, which is the most frequent modality used in both translation directions, translated texts from Portuguese into German employ addition, while in the German-Portuguese direction, omission is preferred.
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Rousseau, Delphine-Anne. "Un cas de résurgence terminologique : la terminologie musicale en usage en France et en Angleterre à la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2067.
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La présente thèse consiste en une étude synchronique historique et en une étude diachronique de la terminologie musicale dans deux pays (France et Angleterre), deux langues (français et anglais) et sur une période courte (de 1650 à 1700). Nous avons dépouillé, manuellement, des traités et écrits musicaux de cette époque (corpus de dépouillement), pour constituer une base de données dans i-Term. Puis, nous appuyant sur un corpus d’ouvrages publiés depuis leXVIIIe siècle (corpus de référence), nous avons étudié l’évolution dans le temps d’un certain nombre de termes et de concepts. Au préalable, nous avons dressé un état de l’art sur les recherches terminologiques à caractère diachronique, précisé le cadre théorique de nos travaux et proposé une typologie de la variation diachronique. Nous avons établi une méthodologie détaillée applicable à des travaux portant sur une terminologie ancienne dans d’autres domaines. Enfin, nous proposons une réflexion sur le rôle du terminologue dans les gestes de médiation langagière, ainsi que des outils de médiation destinés aux différents acteurs du domaine de la musique ancienne.Les recherches en terminologie historique, encore relativement peu nombreuses, répondent à un réel besoin, notamment dans les domaines d’activité qui connaissent un retour des pratiques anciennes et où il importe de retrouver les anciennes terminologies pour mieux se réapproprier les « nouveaux » métiers ainsi apparus. Ce retour d’une activité ancienneconcerne le domaine musical, qui a vu progressivement apparaître, depuis le XIXe siècle, un domaine à part entière, celui de la musique ancienne, dont l’objet est se réapproprier une musique d’époques éloignées (Moyen Âge, Renaissance, XVIIe, XVIIIe et même XIXe siècle). Malgré tout le travail déjà accompli, tout un travail d’étude doit encore être fait enterminologie pour s’assurer d’une juste compréhension des écrits anciens et de cette musique même. La recherche que nous avons réalisée se veut une contribution à cet objectif.Spécialisée en interprétation de la musique ancienne (violon), nous avons pu constater l’existence d’un important besoin de clarification et de médiation terminologiques chez les spécialistes du domaine, qui sont souvent appelés à interagir avec le public et avec des spécialistes d’autres domaines. Le besoin existe aussi pour communiquer entre spécialistes dela musique ancienne, car leur spécialité, leur formation et les langues dans lesquelles ils évoluent font en sorte qu’ils n’utilisent pas tous la même terminologie<br>The present thesis consists of a synchronic historic study (1650-1700) and a diachronic study (from 1700 onwards) of music terminology in two countries (France and England) and two languages (French and English). We gathered, processed and analysed a corpus of period writings on music (term-extraction corpus), in order to create a terminological database in i-Term. Then, based on a corpus of works published from 1700 onwards (reference corpus), we studied the evolution over time of a number of terms and concepts. Before undertaking this work, we deemed it essential to conduct a literature review on diachronic terminology and to define our theoretical framework, as well as to put forward a typology of diachronic variation. We established a detailed methodology, which may be used for similar work in other fields. Finally, we have put forward a reflection on the role of the terminologist in the linguistic mediation process, as well as mediation tools designed for the various early-music terminology users.Research in historical terminology, as yet relatively scarce, addresses a genuine need in spheres of activity that are undergoing a revival of their practices, the reappropriation of which implies rediscovering ancient terminology. The field of music has been the subject of such a revival, as it saw the emergence of the new sphere of activity of 'ancient music' in the nineteenth century, which then turned into a subject field in its own right, the aim of which is to become acquainted with and to reappropriate music from remote eras (Middle Ages, Renaissance, seventeenth, eighteenth – and even nineteenth – centuries), and to share it with enthusiastic audiences. However, despite all the work undertaken by musicologists and music practitioners, much remains to be done, and the work related to the study, understanding and dissemination of early-music terminology is far from achieved. Our research is meant as a further contribution to this end. As a musician specialised in early-music performance (violin), we have observed there was an important need for terminological disambiguation, if only because early-music experts are frequently bound to interact with the public and people who specialise in other areas, which entails a genuine risk of terminology-related misunderstandings. Such need also arises in expert-to-expert communication, as all early music experts do not use the same terminology (depending on their special field, training, and the languages in which they have worked)
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Bui, Thi Mai Anh, and Alessandra Frongillo. "How does the market perceive ESG in IPOs : Investigating how ESG factors affect IPO Underpricing in the U.S. market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172446.
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Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) integration in financial activities is a crucial topic that is gaining importance in financial markets. During the years, many studies have been conducted about Initial Public Offering (IPO) and underpricing since they are fundamental aspects of firms’ lifecycle. Nevertheless, none of these studies have appropriately related firms’ ESG characteristics to IPO underpricing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this thesis’s purpose is to investigate whether the ESG factors of a firm have effects on its IPO underpricing in the U.S stock market. The U.S has been chosen as it is the biggest stock market in the world and because of the quality and reliability of the data available for this country. A quantitative study is applied to investigate the relationship between ESG characteristics of the firms and the level of underpricing. First, to obtain the measurement of the ESG level of the pre-IPO firms, we have conducted two textual analysis of IPO prospectus, namely, term frequency and sentiment analysis. These indicators aim to show the disclosure level of ESG factors and whenever ESG is perceived negatively or positively by the market. Successively, the multiple regression is performed for each ESG indicator to find which measures have the analytical abilities to explain IPO underpricing. Based on the multiple regression results, we can conclude that the frequency of environmental & governance terms occurred in IPO prospectus, the negative tone, and the overall sentiment of the environmental context are significantly explaining IPO underpricing. These results have given meaningful answers for our research. The market does not perceive the social factors of a firm in the IPO context. On the other hand, environmental and governance aspects still attract the market’s attention in different ways. The market is concerned about the disclosure level of the governance activities and whether these activities are sufficiently mentioned in the prospectus. Meanwhile, the market takes into serious consideration the environmental activities of a firm by assessing the qualities of these activities. Moreover, the market is more sensitive to the negative information about environmental content than positive information in the IPO context. The textual analysis methods applied in this thesis have some limitations. However, this study has the reliability to confirm that some companies’ ESG factors affect IPO underpricing. As a consequence, it is possible to state that the market cares about ESG issues.
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Quantin, Matthieu. "Proposition de chaînage des connaissances historiques et patrimoniales Approche multi-échelles et multi-critères de corpus textuels." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0014.
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Les humanités défient les capacités du numérique depuis 60 ans. Les années 90 marquent une rupture, énonçant l'espoir d'une interprétation qualitative automatique de données interopérables devenues « connaissances ». Depuis 2010, une vague de désillusion ternit ces perspectives, le foisonnement des humanités numériques s'intensifie. Au coeur de ce paysage complexe, nous proposons une méthode implémentée produisant différentes vues d'un corpus textuel pour (1) l'analyse en interaction avec les connaissances qualitatives de l'historien et (2) la documentation numérique en contexte patrimonial (musée, site) auprès d'un public avisé. Les vues du corpus sont des graphes multiples pondérés, les documents sont des sommets liés par des arêtes renseignant les proximités sémantiques, temporelles et spatiales. Cette méthode vise à co-créer des connaissances historiques. À l'utopie d'une modélisation des connaissances qualitatives de l'historien, nous préférons l'heuristique pragmatique: l'interprétation de quantifications du corpus suscite l'émergence de nouvelles certitudes et hypothèses. Par ailleurs, notre approche (type OLAP) ouvre des parcours et accès personnalisés à chaque usager pour la documentation/analyse du patrimoine numérique voire 3D. Plusieurs cas d'étude valident les méthodes proposées et ouvrent des perspectives d'applications industrielles<br>Humanities challenges computer sciences since 60 years. The 90’s marks a break, announcing qualitative analysis and interpretation of interoperable data, which became «knowledge». Since 2010, a disillusionment tarnishes the prospects, Digital Hmanities diversity increases. At the core of this complex background, we propose an implemented method producing various «views» of textual corpus in History. This views enable (1) interactive analysis with qualitative knowledge of the historian and (2) digital documentation of heritage on site (e.g. museum) for an advanced visitor. Corpus views are weighted multi graphs. Documents are vertices linked by edges. Each edge contains semantic, temporal or spatial proximity information. This method aims at co-creating historical knowledge. Facing the utopian modeling of qualitative knowledge in history, we designed a pragmatic process : the historian analyses quantitative data of a known corpus, this generates new hypothesis and certainties. Our approach (OLAP like) chart paths and customized access for each user to digital heritage documentation. These paths may meet 3D heritage data. Several use cases validate the proposed method and open perspectives of industrial application
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Mehtonen, S. (Saara). "The behavior of stabilized high-chromium ferritic stainless steels in hot deformation." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204949.
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Abstract In this thesis, the hot deformation behavior of stabilized 12–27% Cr ferritic stainless steels was investigated in order to find ways to improve the current hot rolling schedules for enhancing texture structures and deep drawability of the end product. Hot deformation was studied using axial and plane strain compression in two thermomechanical simulators: a Gleeble and a TMC machine. In addition to flow stress measurements, the resultant microstructures and textures were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the dislocation structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the case of 21% Cr steel, industrial multi-pass hot rolling, including low finish rolling temperatures, was simulated in order to investigate the microstructure and texture development under varying deformation conditions. Flow behavior of high-Cr ferritic stainless steels during hot deformation was mainly controlled by intense dynamic recovery. However, the deformation conditions greatly affected the extent of dynamic recovery. Cr increased the flow stress through solid solution hardening, although increasing the Cr content reduced the activation energy for hot deformation. Two modeling approaches for flow stress were successfully applied: an empirical constitutive equation and a dislocation density-based flow stress model. Continuous dynamic recrystallization was identified regardless of the Zener-Hollomon parameter, whereas discontinuous dynamic recrystallization was not observed. Static recrystallization slowed down towards the completion of the process, and especially the α fiber grains were difficult to recrystallize. Static recrystallization was enhanced by lowering the deformation temperature to 800 °C or below due to the accelerating effect of in-grain shear bands on the static recrystallization kinetics. However, an intensifying effect on γ fiber texture development was achieved after deformation at 600 °C or below. Two different improved process routes for hot rolling were proposed based on the results: 1) sufficiently long inter-pass times together with lowering the finish rolling temperature in order to promote static recrystallization during inter-pass times and hot band annealing, and 2) hot band annealing preceded by a warm rolling procedure, in which thin gauge hot band is produced by multiple heavy warm rolling deformation passes<br>Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin stabiloitujen 12–27 % kromia sisältävien ferriittisten ruostumattomien terästen käyttäytymistä kuumamuokkauksessa tavoitteena kehittää nykyisin käytössä olevia kuumamuokkauskäytäntöjä lopputuotteen tekstuurirakenteen ja siten sen syvävedettävyyden parantamiseksi. Kuumamuokkausta simuloitiin sylinteri- ja tasomuodonmuutospuristuskokeilla Gleeble- ja TMC-laitteistoissa. Kokeista saatuja jännitys–venymä-käyriä analysoitiin ja syntyneet mikrorakenteet ja tekstuuri tutkittiin EBSD-menetelmällä pyyhkäisyelektronimikroskoopissa sekä dislokaatio- ja erkaumarakenteet läpäisyelektronimikroskoopilla. Lisäksi 21 % kromia sisältävälle teräkselle tehtiin monipistoista kuumavalssausta simuloivia puristuskokeita, joissa varioitiin myös valssauksen lopetuslämpötilaa ja jäähtymisnopeutta. Jännitys–venymä-käyriä mallinnettiin käyttäen sekä empiirisiä yhtälöitä että dislokaatiotiheyteen perustuvaa fysikaalista mallia. Kromipitoisuus kasvatti muodonmuutosvastusta mutta pienensi deformaation aktivaatioenergiaa. Dynaaminen toipuminen oli erittäin voimakasta kuumamuokkauslämpötiloissa, joskin lämpötila ja muodonmuutosnopeus vaikuttivat merkittävästi sen määrään. Jatkuvan dynaamisen rekristallisaation todettiin tapahtuvan riippumatta Zener-Hollomon -parametrin arvosta, mutta epäjatkuvaa dynaamista rekristallisaatiota ei havaittu. Staattinen rekristallisaatio hidastui, kun rekristallisaatioaste saavutti 90 %, ja erityisesti α-rungon rakeet pyrkivät vain toipumaan. Staattista rekristallisaatiota pystyttiin voimistamaan laskemalla muokkauslämpötila 800 °C:een tai sen alle, jolloin rakeiden sisälle syntyi staattisen rekristallisaation ydintymistä nopeuttavia leikkausnauhoja. γ-rungon intensiteetti voimistui rekristallisaatiossa kuitenkin vasta, kun muokkauslämpötila oli 600 °C tai tätä matalampi. Koetulosten perusteella ehdotettiin kahta erilaista kuumavalssauspraktiikkaa, joiden avulla kuumanauhan ominaisuuksia voidaan parantaa: 1) staattisen rekristallisaation edistäminen sekä pistojen välillä että kuumanauhahehkutuksessa käyttämällä pitkiä pistojen välisiä aikoja sekä laskemalla valssauksen lopetuslämpötilaa, tai 2) kuumanauhahehkutus yhdistettynä edeltävään voimakkaaseen lämminvalssaukseen, jolloin on mahdollista valmistaa ohutta kuumanauhaa
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Pokorný, Lubomír. "Metody sumarizace textových dokumentů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236443.
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This thesis deals with one-document summarization of text data. Part of it is devoted to data preparation, mainly to the normalization. Listed are some of the stemming algorithms and it contains also description of lemmatization. The main part is devoted to Luhn"s method for summarization and its extension of use WordNet dictionary. Oswald summarization method is described and applied as well. Designed and implemented application performs automatic generation of abstracts using these methods. A set of experiments where developed, which verified correct functionality of the application and of extension of Luhn"s summarization method too.
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Andrade, Ciudad Luis. "Language Contact and Language Boundaries in Prehispanic Cajamarca." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113478.
Full textAbstract:
A small lexicon of traditional weaving (telar de cintura), collected in Agallpampa (Otuzco, La Libertad) offers evidence against the idea of any linguistic identity being shared between the area of the now extinct Culle language, and the Cajamarca Valley. Yet, such a link is supported by the isolation of a grammatical element, traced to the Culle language in both areas: diminutive suffix –ash–, as in cholasho ‘young little man’ and chinasha ‘young little woman’. These contrasting data shed new light on a discussion begun by Torero (1989) about the existence of particular languages in the central Cajamarca area (languages Den and Cat); and continued by Adelaar with Muysken (2004), who suggest that cases of lexical community between the Culle geographical nucleus and indigenous words of Cajamarca Quechua, which cannot be traced back to Quechua idiomatic sources, suggest that a Culle substratum holds for the Cajamarca Valley. This paper argues that, in order to solve this apparent paradox, it is necessary to focus on this issue in terms of linguistic strata: i.e., different stages of idiomatic hegemony before Quechua and Spanish were established in the region. The oldest stratum would be associated with Den, and the more recent, albeit still prior to the Quechua and Spanish periods, would be Culle. Based upon archaeological research in the area and on the recent association of Cajamarca Quechua with the Huari expansion (Adelaar 2012), I suggest that the chronological distance between both strata must be deep, since Culle would have been established in the region long before the Northern Huari expansion took place. Nonetheless, the existence of Quechua-Den mixed toponyms precludes this hypothesis being applied to the whole Cajamarca territory, especially its southwest area (Contumazá).<br>Un breve repertorio léxico del telar de cintura, recogido en Agallpampa (Otuzco, La Libertad), aporta evidencia contraria a la idea de que existió identidad idiomática entre la zona de emplazamiento de la extinta lengua culle y el valle de Cajamarca, en el departamento del mismo nombre. En cambio, abona a favor de esta propuesta la identificación de un elemento gramatical atribuible al culle en ambas zonas: el sufijo diminutivo –ash–, como en cholasho ‘muchachito’ y chinasha ‘muchachita’. Este contraste constituye una ilustración del debate abierto por Torero (1989) sobre la existencia de idiomas indígenas particulares en las provincias centrales cajamarquinas (las lenguas den y cat) y continuado por Adelaar, con la col. de Muysken (2004), quien ha planteado que los ejemplos de comunidad léxica entre el núcleo de la zona culle y las palabras indígenas del quechua cajamarquino que no pueden ser atribuidas al fondo idiomático quechua sugieren la existencia de un sustrato culle en el valle de Cajamarca. Este artículo argumenta que para resolver esta aparente paradoja, es necesario pensar en términos de estratos lingüísticos, es decir, en diferentes etapas de hegemonía idiomática previas a la presencia del quechua y del castellano en dicho territorio. El estrato más antiguo correspondería al fondo idiomático den, mientras que el posterior, previo al advenimiento del quechua y el castellano, correspondería al culle. Partiendo de la investigación arqueológica realizada en la zona y de la reciente atribución del quechua cajamarquino a la avanzada huari (Adelaar 2012), se sostiene que la separación temporal entre ambos estratos debió de ser prolongada, ya que el culle tendría que haberse asentado en la zona mencionada antes de la expansión norteña de Huari. Sin embargo, la existencia de toponimia mixta quechua-den previene contra la posibilidad de generalizar esta hipótesis al territorio cajamarquino en su conjunto, especialmente al sector sureño occidental (Contumazá).
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Tajo, Kinda. "La terminologie bilingue (Arabe-Français) de la surdité : analyse du discours textuelle et socioterminologique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030180.
Full textAbstract:
Le texte spécialisé dans le domaine de la surdité est un phénomène complexe où les termes ont une fonction sémantique très importante. Le discours actualise le sens des termes et donne suite à de nouvelles significations dynamiques. Le corpus bilingue (français, arabe) est représentatif de différents types de discours et de niveaux de spécialisation notamment lorsqu’il s’agit de comparer la terminologie de la surdité entre les pays arabes (Liban, Syrie et Jordanie). Les termes, qui sont responsables de transmettre les connaissances relatives à une spécialité, constituent aujourd'hui un objet d'étude central pour la terminologie. Leur extraction s’effectue non seulement par la méthode manuelle mais aussi à travers les nouveaux logiciels d’extraction automatique. Cette thèse prend en considération les besoins linguistiques des usagers qui sont dorénavant les vrais consommateurs de terminologie. Elle a pour objectif de faire une approche socioterminologique et textuelle du domaine de la surdité en mettant la lumière sur les phénomènes étudiés comme la synonymie, la variation terminologique, la vulgarisation, la métaphore, la traduction et autres. Sa retombée étant la constitution d’une base de données terminologique trilingue qui répond aux exigences des spécialistes et des non-spécialistes<br>The specialized text in the domain of deafness is a complex phenomenon where terms have important semantic functions. The discourse updates the meaning of terms and brings up new dynamic significations. The bilingual corpus (French, Arabic) is representative of different types of discourse and levels of specialization especially when it comes to comparing the terminology of deafness in the three Arab countries (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan). Terms in charge of transmitting knowledge of special fields represent nowadays a central object of study for terminology. The extraction of terms can be made manually but also by means of new automatic term extraction software. Our doctoral thesis takes into consideration the linguistic needs of language users that are considered from now on the real consumers of terminology. This thesis is intended for socioterminological and textual approaches of the domain of deafness. It highlights the studied phenomena such as synonymy, terminology variation, scientific popularization, metaphor, translation and many other phenomena. The result of the thesis research being the construction of a trilingual terminological data base, it meets the requirements of specialists and non-specialists
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Pavlín, Václav. "Odvození slovníku pro nástroj Process Inspector na platformě SharePoint." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236591.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis presents methods for mining important pieces of information from text. It analyses the problem of terms extraction from large document collection and describes the implementation using C# language and Microsoft SQL Server. The system uses stemming and a number of statistical methods for term extraction. This project also compares used methods and suggests the process of the dictionary derivation.
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Bocorny, Ana Eliza Pereira. "Descrição das unidades especializadas poliléxicas nominais no âmbito da aviação : subsídios para o ensino de inglês para fins específicos (ESP)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15548.
Full textAbstract:
A carência de estudos descritivos sobre a linguagem especilizada da aviação dificulta a criação e o desenvolvimento de cursos de Inglês para Fins Específicos (doravante ESP) para essa área de conhecimento. O trabalho de pesquisa aqui apresentado busca suprir em parte tal carência, na medida em que, partindo do estudo de textos especializados, orundos de manuais de operações aeronáuticas, busca descrever as unidades especializadas poliléxicas nominais (doravante UEPNs). As UEPNs são muito freqüentes em textos especializados, e de fundamental importância para o entendimento das especificidades de seu conteúdo, uma vez que representam nodos conceituais de uma área de especialidade. A motivação para a escolha dessas unidades como objeto de estudo parte da percepção das dificuldades dos alunos de ESP em entender os conceitos representados pelas UEPNs e em identificar as unidades na tecitura do texto dos manuais. Neste estudo, portanto, as unidades são observadas em seu seu ambiente textual, e o texto é visto como um objeto de comunicação. O suporte teórico utilizado constitui-se em uma vinculação entre os estudos terminológicos com viés comunicativo, conforme apresentado pela Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT) de Cabré (1999, 2003a, 2003b e 2005a), Cabré e Feliu (2001 e 2002), os estudos sobre as linguagens de especialidade, conforme Sager et al. (1980, 1993 e 2007), e a teoria funcionalista de Simon Dik (1989 e 1997). Embasamo-nos ainda nas análises de unidades terminológicas feitas por Estopá (1999), Café (1999 e 2003) e Faulstich (2003) e na descrição da linguagem dos manuais de aviação feita por Lerhberger (1982). O estudo utiliza como ferramenta de análise o Corpógrafo,1 um corpus de estudo da aviação previamente elaborado, e baseia-se em unidades extraídas dos textos de manuais em inglês e na identificação de seus padrões de predicação. A partir dessa descrição, são buscadas as regularidades entre as funções semântica e sintática dos componentes das UEPNs, e a forma como a terminologia é utilizada no seu contexto comunicativo profissional. Com a aplicação didática desses resultados, objetiva-se buscar meios de facilitar a interpretação das UEPNs pelos alunos de ESP para a aviação.<br>The lack of descriptive studies about the specialized language of aviation hampers the creation and development of courses of English for Specific Purposes (henceforth ESP) in this area of study. This research is an attempt to fulfill this need through the analysis of specialized texts in aeronautical operations manuals, by describing long specialized noun phrases (henceforth LSNP). Long specialized noun phrases are very common in specialized texts and also very important in order to understand specialized content, as they represent conceptual nodes of a specialized area. The reason for choosing these lexical items as the object of study is the ESP students´ difficulty to understand the concepts these noun phrases stand for, and to identify them in the organization of texts in manuals. Thus, in this study, these units are examined as integrated parts of a text environment, and the text is seen as an object of communication. This study is supported by theories of Terminology with a communicative perspective, according to the Communicative Theory of Terminology of Cabré (1999, 2003a, 2003b e 2005a), Cabré e Feliu (2001 e 2002), to the description specialized languages, (Sager et al., 1980, 1993 e 2007) and the functionalist theory of Simon Dik (1989 e 1997). We have also based our studies on the analyses of terminological units made by Estopá (1999), Café (1999 e 2003) and Faulsich (2003) and on the analyses of the language of aviation manuals made by Lerhberger (1982). The study uses the Corpógrafo2 as a tool for analysis, as well as an aviation corpus previously constructed. It is based on compounds extracted from texts of English aviation manuals and in the identification of their predicative patterns. From this description, the semantic and syntactic patterns of the LSNP components are searched, as well as the way the terminology is used in the professional communicative context. The application of the results obtained aims at finding ways to make it easier for aviation ESP students to interpret the LSNP.
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Sarmento, Simone. "O uso dos verbos modais em manuais de aviação em inglês : um estudo baseado em corpus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15568.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho trata do uso dos verbos modais em manuais de aviação em inglês sob uma perspectiva da lingüística de corpus. O objetivo é gerar subsídios que permitam elaborar materiais didáticos que reflitam as estruturas lingüísticas como aparecem em seu contexto de uso. Parte-se da hipótese de que o uso dos verbos modais no corpus de estudo apresenta peculiaridades com relação à freqüência de ocorrência, estrutura sintática e sentidos. O corpus de estudo é composto de três manuais técnicos da aeronave BOEING 737, sendo dois manuais de operações destinados a pilotos e um manual de manutenção destinado a mecânicos. A pesquisa é realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa é realizado um contraste entre o corpus de estudo, um corpus de referência de inglês geral e um corpus de contraste composto de manuais de sistemas operacionais para computadores pessoais. Esse contraste visa a verificar as diferenças de ocorrências entre os verbos modais e as suas estruturas sintáticas. Depois, são realizadas comparações entre os três manuais que compõem o corpus de estudo também com relação às freqüências dos modais e suas estruturas sintáticas. Na terceira etapa são verificadas as colocações principais de cada VM no manual de manutenção e em um dos manuais de operações. Outro objetivo desta investigação é contrastar o manual de manutenção e um livro didático que tem por objetivo ensinar inglês técnico para mecânicos de aeronaves. Nesse sentido, é feita uma análise do livro no que tange os verbos modais e sugeridas algumas modificações. O trabalho reúne referenciais teóricos da Lingüística de Corpus, Lingüística das Linguagens Especializadas e Verbos Modais. Os resultados do trabalho mostram que há diferenças entre a presença dos modais nos três corpora pesquisados e principalmente entre os três manuais que compõe o corpus de estudo. O estudo mostra a importância de realizar pesquisas baseadas em corpus para revelar as peculiaridades de uma linguagem especializada e assim fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de material didático com propósitos específicos mais de acordo com as necessidades do público alvo.<br>This thesis is about the use of modal verbs in aviation manuals in the light of corpus linguistics. The goal is to gather subsides to enable the creation of classroom material which presents the linguistic structures as they appear in their natural context. The hypothesis is that the use of modal verbs in the corpus has peculiarities in terms of frequency, syntactic patterns, and meanings. The aviation corpus is composed of three manuals from the BOEING 737 aircraft: two operations manuals directed to pilots and one maintenance manual directed to mechanics. The research has been carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the aviation corpus is contrasted to a reference corpus and another specialized corpus composed of personal computer operational systems. Such contrast aims at verifying the differences in the number of modal tokens and their syntactic patterns. In the second stage, the three manuals that make up the aviation corpus are compared in terms of modal frequencies and their syntactic patterns. In the third stage, the main collocations of each modal are checked. This thesis also aims at contrasting the maintenance manual and a course book designed to teach aviation English to mechanics. Thus, an analysis of the modal verbs in the course book is carried out and changes to the book are suggested. This thesis brings together theoretical assumptions from Corpus Linguistics, the Linguistics of Specialized languages and Modal Verbs. The results point out that there are differences in the use of modal verbs in the three investigated corpora and mainly among the three manuals that compose the aviation corpus. This study shows the importance of corpus based research to reveal the peculiarities of a specialized language and, therefore, provide input to produce specific pedagogical material which better meets the needs of the target public.
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Chaumont, Marc. "Représentation en objets vidéo pour un codage progressif et concurrentiel des séquences d'images." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004146.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette thèse est de valider l'hypothèse selon laquelle le codage par objets vidéo peut permettre d'obtenir des gains significatifs en utilisant le codage dynamique (mise en concurrence de plusieurs codeurs pour chaque objet vidéo). Afin de répondre à cet objectif, différents points ont été étudiés. Le premier point concerne l'étude de la segmentation en objet vidéo de manière automatique. Nous avons proposé un modèle d'objet faisant intervenir la notion de suivi long terme via la représentation d'un objet sous la forme mouvement/texture (avec l'utilisation d'un maillage actif pour représenter le mouvement). Un algorithme de clustering 3D a été développé basé sur ce modèle. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes attaché à l'amélioration des techniques de codage objet via la hiérarchisation ("scalabilité") du flux vidéo. Pour cela, nous utilisons un schéma de codage ondelette 3D et nous introduisons notamment un codage de contours avec perte. Enfin le dernier point étudié concerne le codage dynamique d'objets vidéo (mise en concurrence de plusieurs codeurs pour chaque objet vidéo). Les codeurs utilisés sont : le codeur H264/AVC, un codeur ondelette 3D, un codeur 3D et un codeur par mosaïque. La répartition automatique des débits permet d'obtenir des résultats dépassant ceux produits par chaque codeur pris séparément, tout en offrant le découpage du flux en objets vidéo. Mots clés : Segmentation en objets vidéo, segmentation long terme, modèle d'objet vidéo, fonctionelle d'énergie, clustering, maillage actif, mosaïque, codage vidéo, codage d'objet vidéo, décorrélation mouvement texture forme, hiérarchisation : scalabilté, ondelettes spatiotemporelles, ondelette 3D, codage de contour, codage de forme, prolongement : padding, codage dynamique, codage concurrentiel, optimisation débit-distorsion, répartition des débits, antialiasing.
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Kang, Chih-Chun, and 康秩群. "An Investigation for the Research Trends in International Library and Information Science with a Focus on Textual Terms." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ukvcn9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>圖書資訊學研究所<br>105<br>This study aims to investigate the research trends in the field of library and information science (LIS) from 2000 to 2016, leveraging an automatic method for processing a large amount of data. This study includes two parts:
Part I: Constructing a web application that counts the terms and its combinations in the input data set, extracts the terms with high document frequency to build up stop word lists, and then show the results by visual representations.
Part II: We then use the tool constructed in part I, with recent articles in LIS field as input data, observe and analyze the research trends. Finally, results are compared with former research.
The stop word lists are constructed in accordance with the document frequency of the terms, then function words, common words in academic writing, and common words in LIS field, such as “information” and “system”, are extracted.
As for the trends of terms in the observed period, the terms related to social network and data processing have ascending trends, whereas the terms related to search engine, web, (digital) library and information seeking behavior have descending trends.
The trends of popular research topics from 2000 began with information retrieval system, information behavior, and web research, followed by search engine and citation analysis. Citation analysis dominates the LIS field from 2005 to 2014. Social network sprang up around 2010 and became the mainstream of LIS researches nowadays.
Comparing with the results of keyword analysis by Chang et al.(2015), we can see that they are basically similar. However, the method in this study can extract more things that are regard as research tools or objects, and the keyword analysis has the advantage of identifying abstract topics.
Since we took TF-IDF model as the core idea of weighting the terms, the terms that only occur in few articles—even only one article—might have unproportionate weight, and become noise in the results. The terms, which have high term frequency but only occur in few articles, should not have such high weights in the application of observing the overall trends.
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Clemens, David M. "A study of the sacrificial terminology at Ugarit : a collection and analysis of the Ugaritic and Akkadian textual data /." 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=QvBiAAAAMAAJ.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999.<br>UMI copy contains all five volumes, divided between two parts. Includes bibliographical references (p. 977-1028). Also issued in print.
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Lin, Shin-Yun, and 林詩芸. "An analysis of textual terms in biology units to investigate learning concepts and learning performances in a Taiwan''s and a Japan''s middle school science textbooks." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5wnk3p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>課程與教學研究所碩士班<br>106<br>Twelve-year compulsory education will be implemented in Taiwan. Teachers need to know how to develop the core-issue of literacy-based curriculum. Textbooks play an important role in teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. Therefore, the study is based on the course outline of science to analyze the differences between Japanese and Taiwanese science textbooks and to effort some materials for textbook designers. Comparing the unit of the continuity of life in Japanese junior high school textbook J and the unit of production and heredity in Taiwanese textbook T, the study referred to the science course outline including to the learning content and learning performance to analyze the differences.
The research tool of the study is “A Chinese language corpus tool: CORPRO.” Using “Term frequency” and “Keyword map” analyzed the learning content. Using “collocation” and “Keyness” analyzed the learning performance. Moreover, the study used the tool, key word in context, to analyze the differences between the two science textbooks. The research shows that there is less leaning content but the content talks more about cell division in Japanese textbook J. On the contrary, there are more learning content and the content is average in Taiwanese textbook. For learning performance, Japan’s textbook J focuses on thinking level but Taiwan’s textbook T does not.
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Bader, Refad, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Computing and Mathematics. "Long term preservation of textual information in the AEC sector." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/15845.
Full textAbstract:
As we are living in a vast changing technological era, the hardware and software required to read electronic documents continue to evolve, and the technology may be so different in the near future that it may not work on older documents. Preserving information over long term is already known as a problem. This research investigates the potential of using XML in improving long term preservation of textual information resulting from AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) projects. It identifies and analyses the issues involved in the subject of handling information over a long period of time in this sector and maps out a strategy to solve those issues. The main focus is not the centralized preservation of documents, but rather the preservation of segments of information scattered between different decision makers in the AEC. In the end a methodology for exchanging information between different decision makers, collecting related information from different decision makers, and preserving such information in the AEC sector for long term purposes that is based on the use of XML will be presented.<br>Master of Science (Hons)
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Santhanagopalan, Ramanathan. "Textual quality of canned potatoes as influenced by pectin methylase activity during long-term storage of fresh product." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41928061.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-52).
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NĚMCOVÁ, Hana. "Jazyková analýza barokního náboženského textu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-111858.
Full textAbstract:
The thema of the diploma work is the language analysis of baroque religious text of V. V. J. Klugar - Catechism (1746). The diplome oves the characteristic of the phonological side of its language. First we informe generally about the baroque, about the life and work Klugar. Then we compare the Czech language in the epoch of humanism and baroque and we describe the important grammar and too the ungrammatical phonological terms. Next we analyze the separate texts (dialogical and monological) where we study language in phonetics. We works with copy of the origin deposit in the archiv in the museum in the Jaroměř, sg. Ač 6. The aim of the analysis is to state the level of Czech language in the 18 century and the level of the religious texts on the base of discoveries and graphic data.
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Ilhamto, Nila. "Producing in-house pureed food in long-term care." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/5284.
Full textAbstract:
There is limited knowledge on provisions used to ensure swallowing safety, nutritional adequacy and sensory acceptability of pureed foods in long-term care homes (LTCHs). The overall aim for this research was to expand knowledge of pureed food production in LTCHs, to study the impact of varying ingredients and preparation on sensory and nutrition and to model perceived oral textures in pureed food. Qualitative interviews with dietary staff (n=53) in 25 LTCHs showed a variety of challenges and practices in production, affecting overall quality. Pureed turkey varying in added liquid, meat muscle and seasoning method and pureed carrots varying in thickener type were evaluated by a descriptive sensory panel (n=10). Results indicate that small formulation changes can have a significant impact on the nutrition and sensory properties of pureed food. Instrumental tests using a viscometer, line-spread test and texture analyzer showed different strengths in predicting variation in orally-perceived textures.<br>Funding for this project has been provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP). In Ontario, this program is delivered by the Agricultural Adaptation Council (AAC).
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Ahammed, Mohammad Alauddin. "Safe, Quiet and Durable Pavement Surfaces." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4290.
Full textAbstract:
Skidding contributes to up to 35% of wet pavement accidents. Pavement surface friction therefore is an important component of highway safety. The skid resistance also varies seasonally and reduces over time due to surface polishing. These leave the pavement in a state of increased risk of skidding accidents. An adequate surface friction that accommodates the seasonal and long term variations is essential for safety over the pavement surface service life. The resistance to skidding, however, depends on surface microtexture and macrotexture. Alternatively, increased texture aimed at increased and durable surface friction may affect the noise generated on the road. In fact, traffic noise is a growing problem throughout the world. Noise barriers, traditionally used for noise reduction, are expensive and inefficient in some cases. As the pavement surface characteristics play a key role in noise generation and propagation, it provides a window for noise reduction by altering the pavement surface. The challenge, however, is to provide a smooth, quiet, long-lasting, and economic pavement with adequate and durable surface friction. This research has been directed to address this challenge and to provide a realistic guideline.
The tire-pavement noise, sound absorption, and skid resistance performances of various flexible and rigid pavement surfaces have been examined using the field and laboratory test data. Models for the prediction of pavement skid resistance including the seasonal and long term variations have also been developed correlating the influencing factors. A value engineering approach has been proposed to accommodate the construction and maintenance costs, longevity, smoothness, safety and noise in the selection of pavement surfaces.
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Trost, Travis Darren. "The fourth gospel as reaction to militant Jewish expectation of kingship, reflected in certain dead sea scrolls." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1985.
Full textAbstract:
The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls has provided an opportunity to reexamine the formation of the Gospel of John. This study will utilize Dead Sea finds coupled with other Second Temple literature to examine how the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as being a king. The approach of this study to use a narrative approach that builds on the Gospel of John as a finished text. The contribution of a source critical approach is not disparaged but the narrative approach will allow the Johannine community to be seen in the context of the immediate post-Second Temple era. The limited literacy of the probable first audience of this text suggests that a narrative approach will best be able to understand the background to the formation of the Gospel of John.
A central contention of this study is that the Gospel of John was composed after the Jewish Revolt and after the Synoptics. Thus it deserves the appellation of the Fourth Gospel and is called such in this study. The Fourth Gospel was composed at a time when Roman interest in anything connected to Judaism was sure to attract special interest. Thus the portrayal of Jesus as the Davidic Messiah needed to be handled carefully. The imagery of the new David found in 4Q504 compared with the imagery of Jesus being the Good Shepherd becomes an important part of the argument of this study on whether this Gospel portrays Jesus as being the Davidic Messiah. Jesus as the Good Shepherd showed Jews that Jesus is the Davidic Messiah without overtly offending Roman sensibilities. Furthermore evidence from Christian and Jewish sources indicates that an interest in a Third Temple was still stirring between the Jewish and Bar-Kochba Revolts. The Fourth Gospel shows Jesus as the Davidic Messiah who replaces the Temple because the Good Shepherd was the perfect sacrifice.<br>New Testament<br>D. Th. (New Testament)
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Fernandes, Bruno Miguel. "Sumarização Personalizada e Subjectiva de Texto." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6167.
Full textAbstract:
Um texto pode ser sumarizado ou resumido, isto é, o seu assunto ou conceito pode ser representado
de uma forma mais sucinta. A representação mais comum de um sumário é a escrita, pois
é constantemente produzida pelas pessoas, quando estas querem descrever uma determinado
assunto.
Ao longo dos últimos anos o uso da Internet tem vindo a massificar-se e com isso a quantidade
de informação disponível nesta enorme rede, aumentou exponencialmente, sendo este acontecimento
denominado como sobrecarga de informação. Isto levanta uma série de problemas,
entre eles a procura de informação relevante, sobre um determinado tema. Quando alguém
procura essa informação pretende encontrá-la de forma eficiente, ou seja, rápido e que aborde
diretamente o assunto pretendido. Quanto ao assunto, existem algumas formas de procurar o
mesmo, já em relação à celeridade da pesquisa, deparamo-nos com uma quantidade enorme de
informação que por vezes difere daquilo que procuramos, sendo muito demoroso o processo de
leitura de toda essa informação.
Uma das formas de resolver esse problema é resumir o conteúdo do texto encontrado, para que
assim possamos de uma forma mais rápida ter uma noção sobre o tema do texto encontrado. Na
área da sumarização existem várias técnicas que possibilitam a obtenção de um sumário mais
específico.
Esta dissertação tem como base a combinação de algumas das técnicas estudadas ao longo do
tempo, tais como, relevância e informatividade das palavras, objetividade, segmentação em
tópicos e no uso de palavras que representem o domínio do texto.
Numa abordagem estatística destacam-se a relevância dos termos de um texto, que é calculada
através da frequência dos termos presentes nesse texto e num corpus,a extração das palavraschave
que serão encontradas através da sua relevância no texto e a posição das frases no documento
que consoante o seu tipo, pode ser calculado de diversas formas, neste caso, sendo
avaliado com textos noticioso, foi implementada uma heurística posicional que atribui mais relevância
a frases cimeiras. A abordagem baseada na subjectividade de um texto é implementada
recorrendo a um conjunto de dados textuais conhecido como SentiWordNet [BES10]. Foi ainda
implementada uma abordagem híbrida em que se combinam total ou parcialmente os métodos
referidos anteriormente.
De modo a proceder à avaliação do sistema foram utilizados dois conjuntos de dados noticiosos.
Um destes conjuntos de dados é proveniente da Document Understanding Conference, datado
de 2001, o outro é o corpus TeMário. Para que os sumários produzidos pudessem ser avaliados
automaticamente, foi utilizada uma implementação em linguagem JAVA da ferramenta ROUGE
(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation). Após a comparação dos resultados do método
híbrido com os restantes, com e sem identificação dos tópicos ficou evidenciado que a
heurística posicional das frases obtém melhores resultados, pelo que os métodos híbridos onde
esta característica tem peso superior às restantes, tanto para quando o texto é separado em
tópicos como no caso contrário, de uma forma geral, obtém melhores resultados. O melhor
desempenho no total dos resultados é obtido com o método híbrido, atribuindo maior peso à
componente da heurística posicional da frase, sem identificação dos tópicos.<br>A text can be summarized or abstracted, ie, its subject or concept can be represented in a
more succinct form. The most common representation of a summary is written, because it is
constantly produced by people when they want to describe a particular subject.
Over the last years, the use of Internet has come to popularize and therewith the amount of
information available in this huge network, has increased exponentially, and this event is called
as "information overload". This raises a set of problems, among them the search for relevant
information on a given theme. When someone searches for this information he/she want to find
it efficiently, ie, fast and directly address the intended subject. For the theme, there are some
ways to find it, as compared to the speed of research, we are faced with an enormous amount
of information which sometimes differs from what we search, being very slow the process of
reading all this information.
One way to solve this problem is to summarize the contents of the text found, so we can a
faster way to get a sense on the subject of the text found. In the area of summarization,
various techniques exist which allow to obtain a more specific shape.
This dissertation is based on the combination of some techniques, studied over time, such as
relevance and informativeness of the words, objectivity, segmentation in topics and in the use
a set of words that represent the domain of the text.
In statistical approach is highlighted the relevance of the terms of a text, which is calculated
from the frequency of terms present in a text and corpus, the extraction of domain words
that will be encountered by their relevance in the text and the position of the phrases in the
document, that depending on type, can be calculated in different ways, in this case, being
evaluated with news texts, was implemented a positional heuristic that assigns more importance
to sentences in the text top. The approach based in subjectivity of a text is implemented using a
set of textual data known as SentiWordNet [BES10]. It was also implemented a hybrid approach
that combines all or a set of the methods mentioned above.
In order to realize an evaluatiuon of the system, two sets of news data was used. One of these
data are from the Document Understanding Conference, dated 2001 and other is TeMário corpus.
For summaries produced could be evaluated automatically, was used an implementation in JAVA
language, of tool ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Evaluation Understudy for Gisting). After comparing
the results of the hybrid method with the other, with and without identification of topics, was
showed that the positional heuristic of sentences obtained better results, so that the hybrid
methods where this feature has top weight to the others, both when the text is separated into
topics or not, in general, performs better. The best performance in overall results are obtained
with the hybrid method, assigning greater weight to the positional heuristic phrase, without
identification of the component threads.