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1
The ancient critic at work: Terms and concepts of literary criticism in Greek scholia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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2
Picot, Roland. Lexique du vocabulaire des études littéraires allemandes classé par champs sémantiques =: Register zum Wortschatz der französischen Literaturkritik. Paris: Masson, 1987.
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3
D, Baasanbat. "Khokh sudar"-yn khėvshmėl, khėlt︠s︡ khėllėgu̇u̇d. Ulaanbaatar: Mon-Ėdi︠u︡kėshn Press Pablishing, 2009.
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4
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, De Demosthene: A critical appraisal of the status quaestionis : followed by a glossary of the technical terms. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1986.
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5
Sels, Dominique. Les Mots de l'amour arrivent d'Athènes: Vocabulaire de l'amour dans Le banquet de Platon suivi du Portrait de Socrate : étude pour le plaisir. Paris: Chambre au Loup, 2008.
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6
Rankin, Deane M. Terms of endearment: An examination of the textual politics of legal and economic evaluations of Ireland in thework of Sir William Pelty (1628-1687) and Sir Edmund Spenser (1552?-1599). [S.l: The Author], 1993.
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7
Sheng, Huang, ed. Jiang Lihong ji. Hangzhou: Zhejiang jiao yu chu ban she, 2001.
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8
Gervais, André. Petit glossaire des termes en "texte". Paris: Lettres modernes Minard, 1998.
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9
The term "privilege": A textual study of its meaning and use in the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Roma: Pontificia Università gregoriana, 1997.
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10
Sáenz, Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar. Inka pachaq llamanpa willaynin: Uso y crianza de los camélidos en la época incaica : estudio lingüístico y etnohistórico basado in las fuentes lexicográficas y textuales del primer siglo después de la conquista / Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz. Bonn: Seminar für Völkerkunde, Universität Bonn, 1990.
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11
Budelmann, Felix, and Tom Phillips, eds. Textual Events. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.001.0001.
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Recent decades have seen a major expansion in our understanding of how early Greek lyric functioned in its social, political, and ritual contexts. The fundamental role song played in the day-to-day lives of communities, groups, and individuals has been the object of intense study. This volume places its focus elsewhere, and attempts to illuminate poetic effects that cannot be captured in functional terms. Employing a range of interpretative methods, it explores the idea of lyric performances as textual events. Several chapters investigate the pragmatic relationship between real performance contexts and imaginative settings. Others consider how lyric poems position themselves in relation to earlier texts and textual traditions, or discuss the distinctive encounters lyric poems create between listeners, authors, and performers. In addition to studies that analyse individual lyric texts and lyric authors (Sappho, Alcaeus, Pindar), the volume includes treatments of the relationship between lyric and the Homeric Hymns. Building on the renewed concern with the aesthetic in the study of Greek lyric and beyond, Textual Events re-examines the relationship between the poems’ formal features and their historical contexts. Lyric poems are a type of sociopolitical discourse, but they are also objects of attention in themselves. They enable reflection on social and ritual practices as much as they are embedded within them. As well as enacting cultural norms, lyric challenges listeners to think about and experience the world afresh.
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Reuvekamp, Silvia. Sprichwort und Sentenz im narrativen Kontext: Ein Beitrag Zur Poetik Des Hoefischen Romans. Walter De Gruyter Inc, 2007.
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13
McCormack, Alan. The Term 'Privilege': A textual study of its meaning and use in. 2nd ed. Pontificia Universita gregoriana, 1998.
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14
Camper, Martin. Arguing over Texts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677121.001.0001.
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Arguing over Texts presents a rhetorical method for analyzing how people disagree over the meaning of texts and how they attempt to reconcile those disagreements through argument. The book recovers and adapts a classification of recurring types of disagreement over textual meaning, invented by ancient Greek and Roman teachers of rhetoric: the interpretive stases. Drawing on the rhetorical works of Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, and Hermogenes, the book devotes a chapter to each of the six interpretive stases, which classify issues concerning ambiguous words and phrases, definitions of terms, clashes between the text’s letter and its spirit, internal contradictions, applications of the text to novel cases, and the authority of the interpreter or the text itself. From the dispute over Phillis Wheatley’s allegedly self-racist poetry to the controversy over whether some of Abraham Lincoln’s letters provide evidence he was gay, the book offers examples from religion, politics, history, literary criticism, and law to illustrate that the interpretive stases can be employed to analyze debates over texts in virtually any sphere. In addition to its classical rhetorical foundation, the book draws on research from modern rhetorical theory and language science to elucidate the rhetorical, linguistic, and cognitive grounds for the argumentative construction of textual meaning. The method presented in this book thus advances scholars’ ability to examine the rhetorical dynamics of textual interpretation, to trace the evolution of textual meaning, and to explore how communities ground their beliefs and behaviors in texts.
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Larsen, Matthew D. C. The Earliest Readers of the Gospel according to Mark. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848583.003.0005.
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How did the earliest readers of the text we now call the Gospel according to Mark treat it? Chapter 5 analyzes the evidence of the earliest readers and argues that they regarded it not as a book published by an author but as unfinished notes (hypomnēmata). The Gospel according to Mark was regarded as textualized but not as a published book. The chapter looks at the preface to the Gospel according of Luke, as well as comments by Papias, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Eusebius. These writers use the Greek terms hypomnēmata or apomnēmoneumata to describe the textual tradition we now call the Gospel according to Mark. Moreover, they describe its production and textuality in terms similar to those explored in chapters 2 and 3.
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de Bruyn, Theodore. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687886.003.0001.
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The Introduction explains the motivation for the book and introduces the questions it addresses. It describes the manuals and incantations that have survived from the Graeco-Roman world, and outlines how textual amulets changed in an increasingly Christian context. It discusses the individuality that scribes of amulets with Christian elements brought to the practice, both in how they worked with customary and Christian traditions and in the way they wrote their incantations. It argues that Christian rituals or ritualizing behaviour supplied resources that writers of amulets adopted and adapted in diverse ways. The Introduction outlines the contents of the book, and explains its use of the terms ‘incantation’ and ‘amulet’.
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Yanovich, Igor. May under verbs of hoping: Evolution of the modal system in the complements of hoping verbs in Early Modern English. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0008.
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The chapter traces two stages of the rise of the may-under-hope construction of Late Modern English, present in examples like (i) Dearest, I hope we may be on such terms twenty years hence. Despite the archaic feel to it, this construction is in fact a very recent innovation that arose not earlier than the sixteenth century. I conjecture that its elevated flavor does not stem from its old age, but rather was inherited from another construction, with the inflectional subjunctive under hope. Along the way, I also present evidence that the textual absence of may under verbs of hoping before the rise of this construction was not due to narrow compositional semantics.
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Ramsay, Stephen. The Turing Text. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036415.003.0004.
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This chapter delves deeper into the terms of programming as variety of textual activity, in an attempt to unite the reductive calculus of computation to the broader act of critical narrative. Programming, which algorithmic criticism reframes as the enactment of a critical reading strategy, undergirds all of the meditations presented in the previous chapter. Thus, using the Turing test as a guide, this chapter attempts to locate the theoretical components that would allow computer-assisted criticism to be situated within the broader context of literary study. It demonstrates how at the heart of the Turing test lies a brilliant, if unsuccessful, attempt to move attention away from the “how” of imperative process toward the results of rhetorical persuasion.
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Bogdanović, Jelena. Ciborium or Canopy? Textual Evidence on Canopies in the Byzantine Church. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465186.003.0002.
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This chapter analyzes the different idioms, arguments, and rhetorical strategies Greek-speaking Byzantines used to discuss canopies in their churches. It compares the modern academic conventions of naming and describing canopies as ciboria with conventions that are related to the Byzantine tradition. Such an analysis links some of scholarship’s evident lacunae and misunderstandings to the inception of Byzantine studies and its antiquarian approach starting in the sixteenth century and solidified by positivistic scholarship since the Enlightenment. Because the word ciborium was used less often than previously thought and other descriptive and metonymic words also referred to canopies, in this study, the modern term canopy is used as it points to the architectural form. This chapter also highlights the Byzantine intellectual elite’s awareness of the terminology related to canopies as a carrier of complex theological ideas that were deeply associated with the materialization and meaning of canopies in the Byzantine church.
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Jackendoff, Ray, and Jenny Audring. The Texture of the Lexicon. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827900.001.0001.
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The Texture of the Lexicon explores three interwoven themes: a morphological theory, the structure of the lexicon, and an integrated account of the language capacity and its place in the mind. These themes together constitute the theory of Relational Morphology (RM), extending the Parallel Architecture of Jackendoff’s groundbreaking Foundations of Language. Part I (chapters 1–3) situates morphology in the architecture of the language faculty, and introduces a novel formalism that unifies the treatment of morphological patterns, from totally productive to highly marginal. Two major points emerge. First, traditional word formation rules and realization rules should be replaced by declarative schemas, formulated in the same terms as words. Hence the grammar should really be thought of as part of the lexicon. Second, the traditional emphasis on productive patterns, to the detriment of nonproductive patterns, is misguided; linguistic theory can and should encompass them both. Part II (chapters 4–6) puts the theory to the test, applying it to a wide range of familiar and less familiar morphological phenomena. Part III (chapters 7–9) connects RM with language processing, language acquisition, and a broad selection of linguistic and nonlinguistic phenomena beyond morphology. The framework is therefore attractive not only for its ability to account insightfully for morphological phenomena, but equally for its contribution to the integration of linguistic theory, psycholinguistics, and human cognition.
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Newlands, Samuel. Conceptual Dependence Monism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817260.003.0004.
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Chapter three examines Spinoza’s views on metaphysical dependence, in which the role of the conceptual is arguably the clearest. Spinoza uses some twenty-two different terms for dependence in the opening pages of the Ethics, and a fierce interpretive debate has erupted over how to understand the relations among these seemingly different forms of dependence. This chapter argues that Spinoza holds an especially austere view, which is here named conceptual dependence monism: there is exactly one form of metaphysical dependence, and it is conceptual in kind. This interpretation is defended on both textual and systematic grounds, pointing out some of its implications for our understanding of other, more familiar Spinozistic doctrines. Along the way, a clearer understanding is also gained of Spinoza’s explanatory requirements in metaphysics.
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Lieu, Judith M. The Johannine Literature and the Canon. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.23.
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The stages by which the Gospel and letters commonly known as ‘of John’ (as also of the Apocalypse, often assigned to the same author) became part of the canon are exemplary of wider canonical processes in the early church. While closely inter-related there are also differentiated patterns of recognition of these writings in different parts of the church and at different times. This chapter examines those stages with attention to the evidence of early Christian writings and to scholarly debate about it. More recent discussion has interrogated the nature of ‘canon’ in relation to other terms expressing authority, and also in relation to the range of actual textual practices and of the wider body of texts that flourished among early Christians.
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Image, Isabella. Hilary’s Commentary on Psalm 118. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806646.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the textual background to Hilary’s commentary on Psalm 118. It is known from Jerome that this commentary was a loose translation of Origen’s commentary on Psalm 118, so three key texts derived from Origen’s work are compared: (a) Hilary’s own commentary; (b) Ambrose’s commentary on Ps. 118, also known to rely heavily on Origen; (c) the fragments of Origen’s text preserved in the Palestinian Catena. An example of the comparison is given in Appendix 2. Ambrose’s text is shown to be independent from Hilary’s. By comparing these texts, it can be shown that Hilary remains fairly close to his source in terms of arrangement and exegesis. However, he also corrects or omits any theology he feels is inappropriate, for example rejecting Origen’s apparent idea of souls falling into bodies.
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McGovern, Nathan. Losing an Argument by Focusing on Being Right. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640798.003.0007.
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Through a diachronic analysis of the textual traditions for the Aṭṭhaka and Pārāyaṇa, we have now seen that the treatment of the category Brahman in the Buddhist tradition changed over time, reflecting the emergence of a bifurcation between the categories śramaṇa and Brahman. This chapter explains how the conception of Brahmans and śramaṇas as two mutually antagonistic groups arose. Building upon the suggestion of other scholars that the varṇa system was a rhetorical tool used by householder Brahmans to set the terms of debate, it argues that the genre of early Buddhist texts in which the Buddha refutes the ideological claims of householder Brahmans (“encounter dialogs”) was self-defeating because it implicitly ceded the category Brahman to the Buddha’s opponents, simply by allowing them to frame the debate.
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Leuchter, Mark. From Scribes to Sages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665098.003.0009.
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In challenging the Aaronide use of text for ritual authority in the first part of the Persian period, the Levites factored text into a wisdom curriculum that moved beyond Aaronide-ritual contexts. Nehemiah 8 provides a sort of model for this process, subjecting the Pentateuch to new terms of revelation through sapiential exegesis. But the creation of the Book of the Twelve served as the ultimate masterstroke, yielding a new model for how Levite sages actualized and facilitated revelation through their literary activity and study of textual sources. The Chronicler’s depiction of the Levites as prophets by virtue of their chanting and teaching of prophetic texts finds its roots in the ideology embedded in and expressed by the Book of the Twelve: YHWH’s presence was affirmed and indeed invoked through the sapiential engagement of prophetic texts.
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Tulloch, John, and Belinda Middleweek. “Intimacy is what hurts when it’s gone”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190244606.003.0005.
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This chapter considers the contestation within film studies between the “spectator” and the “social audience,” focusing on the real sex film Blue Is the Warmest Colour. It explores Horeck and Kendall’s edited book The New Extremism in Cinema, which puts in apposition chapters predominantly employing a textual analysis with Martin Barker’s stand-alone social audience study. Barker rejects spectator analysis as purely speculative and “particularly disappointing and disturbing” aspects of film studies and culture generally. Instead of this mutual apposition, the chapter explores, in a pilot social audience study of Blue Is the Warmest Colour, Jennifer Hyndman’s feminist call for a blending of interdisciplinary dialogical “understanding” with “galvanizing extension.” The study deploys qualitative methodology seldom used in cinema studies and generates new findings, both at the substantive experiential level and in terms of methodological differences in interviewing style.
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Larsen, Matthew D. C. The Earliest Users of the Gospel according to Mark. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848583.003.0006.
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Building on the perspective of earliest readers of the Gospel according to Mark, who treated it like hypomnēmata, chapter 6 investigates the earliest users of the Gospel according to Mark and seeks to describe the use they made of it in terms more native to the first- and second-century contexts. It argues the Gospel according to Matthew did not produce a new and separate book by a different author. Rather, the textual traditions we now call the Gospels according to Matthew and Mark represent the same ongoing project of textualizing the gospel. Similarly, the manuscript tradition of the Gospel according to Mark records five different endings. It is not the case that one is right and the others are wrong. Each represents a unique, valid effort to fill in what is lacking in the gospel.
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Ben-Herut, Gil. The Poetics of Bhakti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878849.003.0002.
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The first chapter of this book focuses on the way the tradition commemorates the Ragaḷegaḷu and its author, the unique poetics that govern the text, and the relation between the text’s form and its generation of meaning for its intended audiences. The chapter begins with an overview of the commemorative tradition pertaining to Harihara, author of the Ragaḷegaḷu. Then, through examination of some of the work’s textual particularities, it underscores Harihara’s contribution to Kannada literature in his Ragaḷegaḷu through the introduction of a new and simplified mode of literary expression (in terms of choice of meter, language register, and more) and of previously unfamiliar themes (such as characters from the margins of society). The chapter shows how the public memory of Harihara acknowledged his literary innovations by mentioning them at key moments in his life story.
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Schubert, Joachim. German to English and English to German Dictionary of Textile Terms : Fachworterbuch Textil Deutsch - Englisch / Englisch - Deutsch. 7th ed. French & European Pubns, 2005.
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Falk, Oren. Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866046.001.0001.
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This interdisciplinary study of violence in medieval Iceland pursues three intertwined goals. First, it proposes a new cultural history model for understanding violence. The model has three axes: power, signification, and risk. Analysis in instrumental terms, as an attempt to coerce others, focuses on power. Analysis in symbolic terms, as an attempt to manipulate meanings, focuses on signification. Analysis in cognitive terms, as an attempt to exercise agency over imperfectly controlled circumstances, focuses on risk. The axis of risk is the model’s major innovation and is laid out in detail, using insights from prospect theory, edgework, and the calculus of jeopardy. It is shown that violence, which itself generates risks, at the same time also serves to control uncertainties. Second, the book tests this model on a series of case studies from the history of medieval Iceland. It examines how violence shapes present circumstances, future status, and past memories, and how it transforms uncertain reality into socially useful narrative, showing how Icelanders’ feud paradigm blocked the prospects of warfare and state formation, while their idiom of human violence domesticated the natural environment. Third, the book develops the concept of uchronia, the hegemonic ideology of the past, to explain how texts modulate history. Uchronia is a motivated cultural memory which vouches for historical authenticity (regardless of factual reliability), maintains textual autonomy from authorial intent, and secures a fit between present society and its own past. In medieval Iceland, as often elsewhere, violence played a key role in the making of uchronia
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Baaij, C. J. W. The Mixed Approach of Current EU Translation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680787.003.0004.
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The current EU Translation practices prove to be internally inconsistent and thus less than fully effective. The most important methods of EU Translation, using neologisms for EU legal terminology and maintaining close textual homogeny, are not incompatible as such. Rather, the aims that these methods seek to satisfy turn out to be inconsistent. In terms of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s essay on translation, EU Translation is at once both “receiver-oriented” and “source-oriented.” In view of the contradictory philosophical concepts of language underpinning these translation orientations, EU Translation thus aims to both “foreignize” and “familiarize” the recipients of language versions. The principles of legal integration and language diversity require absolute concordance among the 24 language versions of EU legislation. Yet, different theoretical approaches to translation provide different answers as to what such concordance entails. Improving EU Translation thus lies in settling for either a receiver- or source-oriented approach.
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Jockers, Matthew L. Orphans. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.003.0010.
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This book has argued that what we have today in terms of literary and textual material and computational power represents a moment of revolution for literary studies. It has discussed the limitations of close reading as a solitary method of literary inquiry, proposing instead large-scale text analysis and text mining via the macroanalytic approach for contextualizing our study of individual works of literature. In conclusion, the author offers a few thoughts on digital preservation, orphan works, and future prospects for macroanalysis. He cites the challenges that must be addressed with respect to digitization of texts, focusing in particular on the legal issues surrounding copyright and how they force scholars wishing to study the literary record at scale to ignore almost everything that has been published since 1923. He also cites examples of positive developments in this regard, including the HathiTrust digital repository and the Book Genome Project.
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Camper, Martin. The Interpretive Stases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677121.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces the interpretive stases as a neglected rhetorical method that could be productively employed by scholars to analyze debates over the meaning of texts in virtually any sphere. The chapter begins with a debate over one of the leaked 2009 “climategate” emails, which seriously damaged the credibility of climatologists, to illustrate the far-reaching consequences of interpretive arguments. A brief sketch is provided of the interpretive stases’ history, from their origins in ancient Greco-Roman legal theory to when they were dropped from rhetorical manuals in the seventeenth century. The chapter explores the relationship between rhetoric and hermeneutics—philosophical, literary, legal, and religious—and argues that no school of hermeneutics offers a general method for analyzing the argumentative push and pull involved in the interpretation of any text. The final part of the chapter outlines the six interpretive stases and discusses how they frame textual interpretation in terms of argument and persuasion.
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Fröhlich, Bettina, Hendrik Hansen, and Raul Heimann, eds. Platonisches Denken heute. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748908739.
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Is Plato’s philosophy still relevant for current issues in politics and political science? In order to answer this question, the contributions to this volume endeavour to re-read the Platonic dialogues and to interpret them in terms of textual hermeneutics on the one hand. On the other hand, they refer to Plato from a systematic point of view and apply his philosophy, in particular the method of Socratic dialogue, to discussions on contemporary political issues. The volume is dedicated to Barbara Zehnpfennig, whose works aim at making Socratic–Platonic philosophy fruitful for the present on the basis of a new interpretation of Plato’s philosophy. With contributions by Anke Adamik, Sarah Al-Taher, Viktoria Bachmann, Philip Breuer, Johanna Falk-Seifert, Bettina Fröhlich, Benjamin A. Hahn, Hendrik Hansen, Thomas Haslböck, Raul Heimann, Johannes Frank Hoerlin, Vanessa Jansche, Peter Kainz, Christina Kast, Eva-Maria Kaufmann, Ulrich Kühn, Laura Martena, Julian Obenauer, Victor Peneff und Thomas Wimmer.
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Woodyatt, Sally. A comparative and evaluative study of low fat cheddar and traditional cheddar in terms of texture, flavour, colour and consumer acceptability. 1997.
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Prendergast, Thomas, and Stephanie Trigg. Affective medievalism. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126863.001.0001.
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This book destabilises the customary disciplinary and epistemological oppositions between medieval studies and modern medievalism. It argues that the twinned concepts of “the medieval” and post-medieval “medievalism” are mutually though unevenly constitutive, not just in the contemporary era, but from the medieval period on. Medieval and medievalist culture share similar concerns about the nature of temporality, and the means by which we approach or “touch” the past, whether through textual or material culture, or the conceptual frames through which we approach those artefacts. Those approaches are often affective ones, often structured around love, abjection and discontent. Medieval writers offer powerful models for the ways in which contemporary desire determines the constitution of the past. This desire can not only connect us with the past but can reconnect present readers with the lost history of what we call the medievalism of the medievals. In other words, to come to terms with the history of the medieval is to understand that it already offers us a model of how to relate to the past. The book ranges across literary and historical texts, but is equally attentive to material culture and its problematic witness to the reality of the historical past.
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Choi, Jinhee. Ozuesque as a Sensibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190254971.003.0006.
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This chapter considers “Ozuesque” as an individual sensibility that could be rooted in and extrapolated from the thematic and stylistic traditions of both Japan and Hollywood. Ozu’s austere yet ludic constitution comprises his distinctive sensibility that is rarely emulated by any other director. In order to delineate Ozu’s aesthetic sensibility, the chapter turns to the conception of sensibility advanced by art historian Roger Fry, who argues for a need to distinguish between sensibility in design and the sensibility in texture, the latter of which he calls “surface sensibility.” Such a distinction not only helps identify Ozu’s sensibility, but further explains the uneasiness in loosely employing the term “Ozuesque” in the discussion of directors who are influenced by, or pay homage to, Ozu. The latter half of the chapter examines Kore-eda Hirokazu, who is often compared to Ozu, not through formal terms, but instead via their shared, muted sensibility.
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Howard-Johnston, James, ed. Social Change in Town and Country in Eleventh-Century Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841616.001.0001.
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The history of Byzantium pivots around the eleventh century. For it was then that it reached its apogee, in terms of power, prestige, and territorial extension, only to plunge into steep political decline in the second half of the century. It is therefore well worth taking a thorough look at the social order in this age of change, to see how it was affected by economic growth and political expansion, and what were the consequences of the social changes which occurred. The approaches of individual contributors vary according to their subject matter. The social order is surveyed from the bottom-up in four archaeologically founded papers which examine three regions of the Byzantine world (Asia Minor, in general (Niewoehner) and with respect to the Sagalassos area (Kaptijn and Waelkens), Greece (Armstrong), and Southern Italy (Noye)). The top-down view, drawing on textual evidence, documentary and literary, is presented by four contributors, who again focus on different places—the metropolis (Cheynet), the country in the core regions of Asia Minor and Greece (Smyrlis), and two peripheral regions, Taron in south-west Armenia (Greenwood) and southern Italy (Noye). These detailed studies are complemented by a venture into the sphere of political ideas, as manifest in the thinking of one high-flying servant of the state (Krallis), and an overview of eleventh-century developments (Howard-Johnston).
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Brower, Virgil W. Jacques Derrida. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0025.
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There’s kinship, no doubt. Traces of Derrida ever haunt Agamben, brilliantly, even in the dark. He is expressly ingratiated by ‘Derrida’s critique of the metaphysical tradition‘ (LD 39, original italics). Amid the myriad of his coeval influences, it is certainly worth considering that Derrida is Agamben’s ‘primary contemporary interlocutor’. His ‘critical engagement with deconstruction can indeed be identified as the context out of which emerge almost all of his key concepts’.2 Attell offers compelling discussions of this polemical relationship with regard to voicing language, sovereignty and animality. The former accounts for Agamben’s direct textual engagements with Derrida which, for the most part, address his earlier works, specifically Of Grammatology, Voice and Phenomena and Margins of Philosophy. To address his contemporary intellectual situation, Agamben roots himself in that one he finds most rooted, dedicating an early essay, ‘Pardes‘, to Derrida, which hails him as ‘the philosopher who has perhaps most radically taken account’ of the ‘crisis […] of terminology [that] is the proper situation of thought today …’ (PO 208). Here, Agamben mounts a deferential defence against caricaturisations of deconstruction (oft heard to this day) as a hermeneutical relativism of infinite deferral: ‘[I]t would be the worst misunderstanding of Derrida’s gesture to think that it could be exhausted in a deconstructive use of philosophical terms that would simply consign them to an infinite wandering or interpretation’ (PO 209).
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Callahan, William A. Sensible Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071738.001.0001.
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Visual images are everywhere in international politics. But how are we to understand them? Callahan uses his expertise in theory and filmmaking to explore not only what visuals mean, but also how visuals can viscerally move and connect us in “affective communities of sense.” Sensible Politics explores the visual geopolitics of war, peace, migration, and empire through an analysis of photographs, films, and art. It then expands the critical gaze to consider how “visual artifacts”—maps, veils, walls, gardens, and cyberspace—are sensory spaces in which international politics is performed through encounters on the local, national, and world stages. Here “sensible politics” isn’t just sensory, but looks beyond icons and ideology to the affective politics of everyday life. This approach challenges the Eurocentric understanding of international politics by exploring the meaning and impact of visuals from Asia and the Middle East. Sensible Politics thus decenters our understanding of social theory and international politics by (1) expanding from textual analysis to highlight the visual and the multisensory; (2) expanding from Eurocentric investigations of IR to a more comparative approach that looks to Asia and the Middle East; and (3) shifting from critical IR’s focus on inside/outside and self/Other distinctions. It draws on Callahan’s documentary filmmaking experience to see critique in terms of the creative processes of social-ordering and world-ordering. The goal is to make readers not only think visually, but also feel visually—and to creatively act visually for a multisensory appreciation of politics.
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van Miert, Dirk. Mobilizing Biblical Philology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803935.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 further develops the argument that philology was not the prerogative of latitudinarian factions of Calvinism and shows that it need not be marginal to theology. In fact, philology proved to be a powerful tool in the hands of the card-carrying orthodox translators and revisers of the Dutch Authorized Version: the States’ Translation. This chapter reveals the philological nature of the discussions that were conducted between the dozen members of the two teams of translators and editors who worked on the translation for over a decade. An analysis of manual annotations in the unique typeset draft of the translation, shows that the revisers often covered up the textual problems and linguistic ambiguities, but sometimes also plainly admitted that the text could be translated in other ways as well. The teams relied on a corpus of philological handbooks, which stood in a humanist biblical philological tradition.
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Elkins, Nathan T. The Image of Political Power in the Reign of Nerva, AD 96-98. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648039.001.0001.
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Nerva ruled from September AD 96 to January 98. His short reign provided little public building and monumental art, and study of Nerva has been the province of the historian, who often relies on textual sources written after his death. History has judged Nerva as an emperor who lacked the respect of the Praetorians and armed forces, and who was vulnerable to coercion. The most complete record of state-sanctioned art from Nerva’s reign is his imperial coinage, frequently studied with historical hindsight and thus characterized as “hopeful,” “apologetic,” or otherwise relating the anxiety of the period. But art operated independently of later and biased historical texts, always presenting the living emperor in a positive light. This book reexamines Nerva’s imperial coinage in positivistic terms and relates imagery to contemporary poetry and panegyric, which praised the emperor. While the audiences at which images were directed included the emperor, attention to hoards and finds also indicates what visual messages were most important in Nerva’s reign and at what other groups in the Roman Empire they were directed. The relationship between the imagery and the rhetoric used by Frontinus, Martial, Tacitus, and Pliny to characterize Nerva and his reign allows reinvestigation of debate about the agency behind the creation of images on imperial coinage. Those in charge of the mint were close to the emperor’s inner circle and thus walked alongside prominent senatorial politicians and equestrians who wrote praise directed at the emperor; those men were in a position to visualize that praise.
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Heim, Maria. Emotions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0032.
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At all layers of textual development, the dharma literature proves unexpectedly rich in describing, evoking, and regulating what users of English call emotions. This chapter explores some of the conceptual distinctions, analytical categories, and taxonomies that emerge from the dharma texts, including the dharmasūtras of Ᾱpastamba, Gautama, Baudhāyana, and Vasiṣṭha, and the smṛṭi of Manu, as they represent and regulate the field of experience suggested by the term emotions. Focusing on particular emotions and the diverse discourses (ritual, legal, ethical, and social) that try to manage them, the chapter shows how certain emotions are deployed in idealized representations of social practice, even as others can prove unruly and intractable to the dharma authorities.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. Prologue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879808.003.0016.
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IN THIS BOOK, I tell a story—a long story consisting of a tightly linked sequence of discrete parts. Each part, or chapter, is more or less sufficient in itself, yet each finds me constantly picking up and playing out distinct variations on a few overarching themes. As the book’s subtitle suggests, it tells a story about modernity and its epochs. Readers will quickly notice that this story is studded with a number of terms, such as frame, epoch, period, transition, and rupture, giving the story its shape, texture, and momentum....
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Garaffa, Giulio, and David John Ralph. Penile reconstruction. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0111.
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Although the last decades have been characterized by the continuous evolution of reconstructive surgery and in particular of free tissue transfer techniques, the repair and reconstruction of the penis remains anatomically, functionally, and aesthetically a great challenge. This is due to the unique architecture of the penis and to the absence in the whole human body of an alternative tissue that could adequately replace the corpora cavernosa in terms of colour, texture, structure, and ultimately, function. The aim of this chapter is to describe the state of the art in penile reconstructive surgery with an emphasis on the cosmetic and functional outcome.
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Baker, Patricia. Medicine. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.031.
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The study of ancient medicine has grown in popularity over since the early 1990s in a variety of fields, including ancient texts, epigraphy, osteology, and archaeology. Many of the studies have demonstrated that there were a diversity of medical practices and concepts throughout the Graeco-Roman world. In this chapter it is shown that the evidence for medical practices in the province of Britannia indicates there are likely to have been a combination of indigenous, Roman and, possibly, Gallic conceptions of the body and its care. Hence, through an examination of material culture, inscriptions, and some textual evidence from Vindolanda, it is argued that the term Romano-British medicine is more appropriate than Roman medicine as a means of noting the heterogeneity in healthcare found in the Roman Empire.
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Budelmann, Felix, and Tom Phillips. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.003.0001.
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After a brief discussion of the anthropological model that has transformed lyric scholarship in recent decades (highlighting both achievements and areas that have received little attention), two meanings of ‘Textual Events’ are set out. The first relates to pragmatics: lyric texts create their own settings, which variously interact with the actual circumstances of the performance. The second gestures to the concept of ‘event’ in contemporary philosophy: lyric creates unique interpretative, sensory, and emotive encounters with each listener and reader. A case is made for applying the term ‘literary’ to Greek lyric, despite (and because of) its anachronism. The remainder of the Introduction develops the notion of context (to encompass intellectual context), discussing continuities and discontinuities with context in book lyric; sets out ‘lyric moves’ (micro-traditions within the genre); and discusses aspects of performance not fully captured by the anthropological paradigm.
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Grossman, Eitan, and Jennifer Cromwell. Scribes, Repertoires, and Variation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768104.003.0001.
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As in spoken language, variation abounds in written texts. In the latter, linguistic and extralinguistic variation coexists: one finds variation in lexical and grammatical features, as well as in other textual parameters such as orthography, phraseology and formulary, palaeography, layout, and formatting. Such variation occurs both within the written output of individuals and across broader corpora that represent ‘communities’ of diverse types. To encapsulate this, we use the inclusive term ‘scribal repertoires’, a concept that is intended to cover the entire set of linguistic and non-linguistic practices that are prone to variation within and between manuscripts, while placing focus on scribes as socially and culturally embedded agents, whose choices are reflected in texts. This conceptualization of scribal variation, inspired by the relatively recent field of historical sociolinguistics, is applied to a range of phenomenon in the scribal cultures of premodern Egypt, across languages and socio-historical settings.
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Mccann, Andrew. Marcus Clarke. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609932.003.0023.
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This chapter looks at Marcus Clarke's For the Term of His Natural Life (1870–1872), which is considered as his enduring contribution to Australian literature and to a broader literature of empire. The peculiarly citational quality of the novel is barely intelligible without understanding the way in which Clarke came to situate himself in relationship to both colonial literary culture and to an emerging European canon. His acute sense of having to balance cultural legitimacy against commercial viability lends his work an unusual degree of self-consciousness in regard to the processes of commodification and the regimes of cultural capital that were having an enormous impact on the development of mid-nineteenth-century Melbourne, the city in which Clarke lived and worked. Ultimately, a novel like His Natural Life reflects the desire to reproduce the popular textual forms of the metropolis in the everyday experience of the colonies.
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Reeves, John, and Annette Yoshiko Reed. Enoch from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, Volume I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718413.001.0001.
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This book provides scholars with a comprehensive collection of core references extracted from Jewish, Christian, and Muslim literature to a plethora of ancient writings associated with the name of the biblical character Enoch (Gen 5:214). It assembles citations of and references to writings attributed to Enoch in non-canonical Jewish, Christian, and Muslim literary sources (ranging in age from roughly the third century BCE up through the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries CE) into one convenient thematically arranged repository, and it classifies, compares, and briefly analyzes these references and citations to develop a clearer picture of the scope and range of what one might term “the Enochic library,” or the entire corpus of works attributed to Enoch and his subsequent cross-cultural avatars. The book consists of two parts. The present volume, Volume 1, is devoted to textual traditions about the narratological career of the character Enoch. It collects materials about the distinctive epithets frequently paired with his name, outlines his cultural achievements, articulates his societal roles, describes his interactions with the celestial world, assembles the varied traditions about his eventual fate, and surveys the various identities he is assigned outside the purely biblical world of discourse within other discursive networks and intellectual circles. It also assembles a range of testimonies which express how writings associated with Enoch were evaluated by Jewish, Christian, and Muslim writers during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Volume 2, currently in preparation, will concentrate upon textual sources which arguably display a knowledge of the peculiar contents, motifs, and themes of extant Enochic literature, including but not limited to 1 Enoch (the Ethiopic Book of Enoch) and 2 Enoch (the Slavonic Book of Enoch).