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1
Jiang, Yue, and Jiang Niu. "A corpus-based search for machine translationese in terms of discourse coherence." Across Languages and Cultures 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00182.
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AbstractEarlier studies have corroborated that human translation exhibits unique linguistic features, usually referred to as translationese. However, research on machine translationese, in spite of some sparse efforts, is still in its infancy. By comparing machine translation with human translation and original target language texts, this study aims to investigate if machine translation has unique linguistic features of its own too, to what extent machine translations are different from human translations and target-language originals, and what characteristics are typical of machine translations. To this end, we collected a corpus containing English translations of modern Chinese literary texts produced by neural machine translation systems and human professional translators and comparable original texts in the target language. Based on the corpus, a quantitative study of discourse coherence was conducted by observing metrics in three dimensions borrowed from Coh-Metrix, including connectives, latent semantic analysis and the situation/mental model. The results support the existence of translationese in both human and machine translations when they are compared with original texts. However, machine translationese is not the same as human translationese in some metrics of discourse coherence. Additionally, machine translation systems, such as Google and DeepL, when compared with each other, show unique features in some coherence metrics, although on the whole they are not significantly different from each other in those coherence metrics.
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Sameer Salih Mahdi Al-Dahwi, Asst Prof Dr Sameer Salih Mahdi Al-Dahwi. "Assessing and Translating the Verb Akhadha ‘أخذ’ in Quranic Texts into English." Al-Noor Journal for Humanities 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.69513/jnfh.v1.i1.a11.
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Abstract This study aims at assessing and translating the verb Akhadha ‘أخذ’ in the Glorious Quran into English. Since the verb in question has several meanings in the Glorious Quran according to the context, it should be well treated by the translator of the religious texts in general and Quranic texts in particular. Therefore, a number of Quranic ayas that contain the verb will be selected and will be subjected to translation assessment in order to measure the accuracy of the translations of the verb ‘Akhadha’ in English. If the translations of the verb are inadequate, the researcher will give the suggested translations pursuant to the contexts of the said ayas. It is hypothesized that the translators of the Quranic texts including the verb in question might encounter difficulties in translating the verb and as corollary might produce inadequate translations as a result of the various rhetorical senses the verb has. Those rhetorical senses of the verb might be deemed as difficult for translators.
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Alvstad, Cecilia. "The translation pact." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947014536505.
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In this article I argue that translated texts and translational paratexts invite readers to read translated texts as if they were the originals, a hitherto widely ignored premise of translations. Although translations are produced by many agents in collaboration (authors, publishers, copy-editors and translators), they are generally presented as texts produced predominantly by one agent, the author. I therefore claim that there is a ‘translation pact’ at work in translated literature, a rhetorical construction through which readers are invited to read translated texts as if they were the originals. A narratological implication of the pact is that individual readers who accept the pact will reconstruct only an ‘implied author’ and not an ‘implied translator’. This view differs from earlier works on the implied translator (e.g. Munday, 2008: 11; O’Sullivan, 2003; Schiavi, 1996). The translation pact is most often constructed implicitly, but sometimes translators draw attention to themselves and manifest their agency, for example by discussing translational decisions in prefaces and notes. Against what one would assume from previous claims on the translator’s ‘visibility’ (Venuti, 1995), I demonstrate that the translator’s presence does not necessarily work against the pact but can rather strengthen it. The translation pact explains why readers, including critics, literary scholars and other professional readers, often talk and write about translations as if they were originals composed solely by the author.
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Nikiforova, Alisa Michkailovna. "Methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as a means of improving professional competencies among future translators." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240042.
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The study aims to substantiate the need to use a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as part of improving the professional training of future translators. The paper presents a practical experience of conducting classes on the translation of official business texts and assessing the translations, as well as students’ solutions of translation tasks. The scientific novelty of the work lies in developing a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations as a way to improve the process of teaching future translators how to render official business texts and as a means of improving their professional competencies. The results showed that the improvement of students’ knowledge and skills in the field of official business translation is possible, including through the use of a certain methodology for assessing student translations.
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Shiwei, Ni. "On C-E Translation of Relic Texts in Museums from a Functional Equivalence Perspective: A Case Study of Hubei Provincial Museum." English Literature and Language Review, no. 56 (June 20, 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.56.82.88.
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Museums play an important role in China’s communication with the world and demonstrate to some extent China’s soft power. As China further strengthens its international exchanges, more and more people hope to know China through its history and culture. However, due to the lingual and cultural distinctions, there are many unavoidable problems in translating Chinese relic texts (Source Text or ST) into English texts (Target Text or TT). As Eugene Nida said in his functional equivalence theory, the Target Reader’s (TR) comprehension and appreciation of the translation is significant. Therefore, in translating relic texts, attention should be paid to how the TR can understand and accept the content. This thesis aims at finding proper translation principles and methods by analyzing the translations of the relic texts in Hubei Provincial Museum from the perspective of the core concepts of functional equivalence theory. Through a study on the functional equivalence theory, the thesis finds three principles of translating relic texts: accuracy, readability and acceptability. An analysis of the relic texts of Hubei Provincial Museum has led to several translation methods including addition, omission, paraphrasing and rewriting, which help to achieve the functional equivalence of relic texts translation.
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Ryabko, Boris, and Nadezhda Savina. "Information-Theoretic Method for Assessing the Quality of Translations." Entropy 24, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121739.
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In recent years, the task of translating from one language to another has attracted wide attention from researchers due to numerous practical uses, ranging from the translation of various texts and speeches, including the so-called “machine” translation, to the dubbing of films and numerous other video materials. To study this problem, we propose to use the information-theoretic method for assessing the quality of translations. We based our approach on the classification of sources of text variability proposed by A.N. Kolmogorov: information content, form, and unconscious author’s style. It is clear that the unconscious “author’s” style is influenced by the translator. So researchers need special methods to determine how accurately the author’s style is conveyed, because it, in a sense, determines the quality of the translation. In this paper, we propose a method that allows us to estimate the quality of translation from different translators. The method is used to study translations of classical English-language works into Russian and, conversely, Russian classics into English. We successfully used this method to determine the attribution of literary texts.
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Vu, Thi Thu Thuy. "EXPLICITNESS OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN TWO VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS OF AN ENGLISH NOVEL." VNU Journal of Foreign Studies 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5147.
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This preliminary qualitative research aims to examine the changes in the level of explicitness of cohesive elements during the translation process. It does so by comparing an excerpt from Jane Austen's English novel "Pride and Prejudice" (1993) with its two Vietnamese translations by Diep Minh Tam (2002) and Lam Quynh Anh and Thien Nga (2017). The study focuses on how these translations handle cohesive elements based on Halliday and Hassan's cohesion taxonomy (1976). It also considers the tendency for explicitation, as suggested by Blum-Kulka's hypothesis (1986) and Gumul's framework (2017). The analysis involves identifying these cohesive devices in the source text and comparing them with their counterparts in the target texts to detect translational shifts towards greater explicitness. Additionally, the study examines how the two Vietnamese translations differ from each other in handling these elements. The findings of this descriptive study reveal that both Vietnamese translations employ explicitation techniques, including reiteration, the transformation of pro-forms into lexical cohesion, and the restoration of substitution and clausal ellipses used in the original text. The analysis also reflects different translation decisions in transferring the same source language content into the target language between the two translators, which manifests in the usage of explicitation shifts in the target language texts under study.
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Ulozienė, Paulina, and Aurelija Leonavičienė. "Comparative Analysis of the Use of Lexical Analytical Constructions and their Translation into Lithuanian in Italian and French Literary Texts." Sustainable Multilingualism 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2020-0009.
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SummaryThe intensification of research on Lithuanian translations of Italian literature and Italian translations of Lithuanian literature over the past twenty years is paralleled by the growth of interest in Italian literature in Lithuania. However, the existing research on diverse linguistic and cultural characteristics of texts translated from Italian into Lithuanian and vice versa has been sporadic, thus leaving much to be done to uncover links between the two languages and identify translation-related issues. The present article looks into one of the issues, namely, the lexical analytical construction of the Italian language and its translation into Lithuanian. Fictional texts by two representative Italian contemporary writers, Alesandro Baricco and Umberto Eco are chosen as a source of data including over three thousand pages of the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts. The results are compared with similar studies on translation of French literary texts into Lithuanian. The study on the translation of lexical analytical constructions in Italian literary texts translated into Lithuanian uses the theoretical framework and methodology provided by the Italian School of Semiotic Translation represented by Umberto Eco and Bruno Osimo among others. The study adopts a holistic approach to the analysis of lexical analytical constructions in Lithuanian translations of Italian literature. Comparative quantitative study has revealed three translation strategies: reformulation, translation without changes and remodelling. Reformulation has been identified to be the most frequent translation strategy. Its frequency was five times higher than that of translation without changes. The latter strategy was twice more frequent than the strategy of remodelling, which, accounts for less than ten per cent of all translation cases. Uses of calque or omission as translation strategies were not found. Comparison of quantitative results regarding the distribution of translation strategies adopted in the Lithuanian translations of Italian and French literary texts and a qualitative analysis of examples revealed similar tendencies in translation choices. It is important to note that changes of lexical analytical constructions into noun constructions were one and a half times less frequent in the translations of Italian literature than in the translations of French literature. Italian and French lexical analytical constructions were replaced by noun constructions in cases when in the SL text these constructions designated object and result but not action. Thus, it can be assumed that lexical analytical constructions in French literary texts were relatively more frequent than those in Italian literary texts.
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Gillhammer, Cosima Clara. "Non-Wycliffite Bible Translation in Oxford, Trinity College, 29 and Universal History Writing in Late Medieval England." Anglia 138, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 649–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2020-0052.
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AbstractThe late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular source texts and written by a single compiler-scribe. A great part of the text is focused on Old Testament history and uses the Vulgate as a key source, thus offering an opportunity to examine in detail the compiler’s strategies of translating the text of the Bible into the vernacular. The Bible translations in this manuscript are unconnected to the Wycliffite translations, and are non-reformist in their interpretative framework, implications, and use. This evidence is of particular interest as an example of the range of approaches to biblical translation and scholarship in the vernacular found in late medieval English texts, despite the restrictive legislation concerning Bible translation in fifteenth-century England. The strategies of translating the biblical text found in this manuscript include close word-by-word translation (seemingly unencumbered by anxieties about censorship), as well as other modes of interaction, such as summary, and exegesis. This article situates these modes of engagement with the Bible within a wider European textual tradition of including biblical material in universal history writing.
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Ghanooni, Ali Reza. "A cross-cultural study of metaphoric imagery in Shakespeare’s Macbeth." Translation and Interpreting Studies 9, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.9.2.05gha.
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Metaphor is an important literary device, and its translation poses the challenge of switching between different cultural, conceptual, and linguistic frames of reference. This study uses cross-cultural comparison to investigate the metaphoric imagery used in six translations of Shakespeare’s Macbeth into three languages: French, Italian, and Persian. To accomplish the aims of the study, metaphoric images in this play were identified in the source and target texts and then subjected to comparative analysis using Newmark’s categorization of strategies for translating metaphors. After analyzing the translations in the above-mentioned languages, it became apparent that all the translators, including the two Persian translators, tended to retain the same metaphoric images as in the source text. This is somewhat surprising given the greater linguistic and cultural distance between English and Persian. The findings suggest that the literal treatment of metaphors — and not their explicitation — may be a translation universal, at least in regard to canonical texts.
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Pięta, Hanna. "Friend and foe." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 30, no. 3 (July 4, 2018): 345–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.15089.pie.
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Abstract Previous research suggests that in Salazar’s Portugal, Soviet Poland was portrayed as both a friend and a foe. This article argues that these conflicting images are partly due to distinct discourses that reached Portugal through translations of Polish literature. Ultimately, it aims to give insights into the role of literary translation in the construction of a national image abroad. Since all the translations in the corpus are indirect, special attention is paid to the way the mediating texts impacted the image encoded in the target text. The article considers five channels via which texts were imported, presenting the results of a textual analysis of one translation in each of these channels, including its indirect trajectory. The findings confirm the importance of the analysed translations in the construction of the discussed images and show that the mediating texts had a crucial filtering role as regards the transfer of these images.
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Turanov, Andrey Alekseevich. "TO THE HISTORY OF THE TRANSLATION OF CHRISTIAN TEXTS INTO THE UDMURT LANGUAGE IN THE GLAZOV СOUNTY OF THE VYATKA GOVERNORATE IN 1803." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-1-102-115.
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The article deals with the history of the first translations of Christian religious texts and prayers into the Udmurt language in Glazovsky Uyezd of Vyatka Governorate. Involvement in the study of archival documents from the funds of the Vyatka spiritual Consistory and Glazovsky spiritual Board allowed the author to describe in detail - chronologically accurately and thoroughly - the process of creating translations, to identify the authors of the translation of specific texts. In particular, it was established that at the initial stage there were no volunteers among the clergy of Glazovsky uyezd willing to engage in the compilation of translations. The spiritual Board turned to coercive measures and itself appointed translators from among the clergy who knew the Udmurt language, ordering them to appear for translation in Glazov. The first translation was performed jointly by priests N. Nevostruev, Z. Krotov, S. Anisimov and A. Babaylov ahead of events - even before receiving the list of texts assigned for translation. After receiving the list, the translation of the missing texts was carried out by the same persons individually, but only one of the translators sent his translation to the Glazov Board in time. In early July, translations from Glazov were sent to Vyatka. In the ecclesiastical Consistory the translations were checked and rewritten. As a result, the Synod was presented with a translation composed of two parts, one of which was performed by 4 priests together, and the other-alone by A. Babaylov. The study of the circumstances of the creation of the translation allowed to give answers to questions that remained unexplained for more than a hundred years, and to reveal new, previously unknown facts, including the previously unknown manuscript of the translation by N. Nevostruev and Z. Krotov.
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Mastang, Mastang, Afifah Afifah, and Fatima Fatima. "Students’ Perception Regarding the Use of Google Translate for English Text Translation." Datokarama English Education Journal 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/dee.v5i1.83.
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The use of digital tools in the learning process is common. Google Translate is used as an online translation tool to help the process of translating English texts. This research aims to discover the English Tadris Study Program students’ perception regarding using Google Translate to translate English texts at State Islamic University Datokarama Palu. The formulation of the problem is “How do the English Tadris Study Program students perceive the use of Google translate in translating English texts at State Islamic University Datokarama Palu?”. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 20 English Tadris Study Program batch 2020 students as research informants. The results showed that some students used Google Translate to translate English texts. The existence of Google Translate can help students with translation. Besides that, Google Translate helps students understand English texts. Some positive perceptions conveyed by the students from the results of the interview were about the use of Google translate, including easy access, help in knowing the pronunciation of a word, increasing vocabulary, and saving time in translating. However, there is a negative perception about using Google Translate, namely the accuracy of the translation results. The students argue that the translation results from Google Translate provide inaccurate translations, so it is recommended that translation results be rechecked using other translation media.
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Soto, Xabier, Olatz Perez-de-Viñaspre, Gorka Labaka, and Maite Oronoz. "Neural machine translation of clinical texts between long distance languages." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 12 (July 23, 2019): 1478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz110.
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Abstract Objective To analyze techniques for machine translation of electronic health records (EHRs) between long distance languages, using Basque and Spanish as a reference. We studied distinct configurations of neural machine translation systems and used different methods to overcome the lack of a bilingual corpus of clinical texts or health records in Basque and Spanish. Materials and Methods We trained recurrent neural networks on an out-of-domain corpus with different hyperparameter values. Subsequently, we used the optimal configuration to evaluate machine translation of EHR templates between Basque and Spanish, using manual translations of the Basque templates into Spanish as a standard. We successively added to the training corpus clinical resources, including a Spanish-Basque dictionary derived from resources built for the machine translation of the Spanish edition of SNOMED CT into Basque, artificial sentences in Spanish and Basque derived from frequently occurring relationships in SNOMED CT, and Spanish monolingual EHRs. Apart from calculating bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) values, we tested the performance in the clinical domain by human evaluation. Results We achieved slight improvements from our reference system by tuning some hyperparameters using an out-of-domain bilingual corpus, obtaining 10.67 BLEU points for Basque-to-Spanish clinical domain translation. The inclusion of clinical terminology in Spanish and Basque and the application of the back-translation technique on monolingual EHRs significantly improved the performance, obtaining 21.59 BLEU points. This was confirmed by the human evaluation performed by 2 clinicians, ranking our machine translations close to the human translations. Discussion We showed that, even after optimizing the hyperparameters out-of-domain, the inclusion of available resources from the clinical domain and applied methods were beneficial for the described objective, managing to obtain adequate translations of EHR templates. Conclusion We have developed a system which is able to properly translate health record templates from Basque to Spanish without making use of any bilingual corpus of clinical texts or health records.
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Guangjun, Wu, and Zhang Huanyao. "Translating political ideology." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 394–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua.
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Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators’ priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.
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Tahseen, Wesam Mohsen, and Shifa'a Hadi Hussein. "Investigating Machine Translation Errors in Rendering English Literary Texts into Arabic." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.1.11.
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Machine translation is a machine that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to translate texts between languages without human intervention. Machine translation approaches translate text or speech from one language to another, including the contextual, idiomatic and pragmatic issues of both different languages. The present study aims to analyze the translation of literary texts selected from different novels, plays, and poems and clarify the method for translating them from English into Arabic. This study also aims to discover machine translation errors in rendering English literary texts and clarify the translator's role in transferring the rhetorical impact on the reader who reads the (TT). This study hypothesizes that translators(students) face difficulties regarding words and structures when translating literary texts from English into Arabic because they misunderstand rhetorical devices. So they tend to use machine translations that translate literally, such as (Google Translate, Reverso translation and Bing Microsoft translation). This study adopted two models: First, Newmark's translation model (1988b), which includes two basic types of translation: semantic and communicative. This model is used widely in the analysis of literary texts. Second, Harris (2018) linguistic model theory of rhetorical question and the general purpose of the rhetorical devices to analyze the data. Finally, the study ends with the conclusions that all machine translation programs (Google Translate (GT), Reverso Translation (Reverso. T), Bing Microsoft Translation (Bing. M.T) in rendering English literary texts from English into Arabic are unacceptable and have more problems because these programs are just machines and cannot think or feel as well as all these machines renderings are meaningless and ambiguous. So Human translation is better than Machine Translation because the first uses communicative translation while the other uses semantic translation.
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Cipriani, Anna Maria. "The translator’s presence in (re)translations of To the Lighthouse into Italian: a corpus-driven study." Corpora 17, no. 3 (November 2022): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2022.0265.
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In a corpus approach to empirical translation study, I compare three re-translations of Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse into Italian by Nadia Fusini in the 1990s and 2012 with the first translation by Giulia Celenza, published in 1934. The focus is on how and to what degree those translations render the modernist characteristics of the source text. The adopted method is implemented using suitable annotations of the digital texts. All the occurrences of linguistic and extra-linguistic features, including the stream of consciousness, indirect interior monologue and free indirect discourse, are identified and manually tagged in xml/tei code throughout the texts examined. A bespoke computer program is used to extract, align and compare the literary features. The results show the translators’ target-culture orientation in both ‘distant’ and ‘close reading’, with interesting instances of source text-orientation in the later re-translations.
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AMANCIO, DIEGO R., LUCAS ANTIQUEIRA, THIAGO A. S. PARDO, LUCIANO da F. COSTA, OSVALDO N. OLIVEIRA, and MARIA G. V. NUNES. "COMPLEX NETWORKS ANALYSIS OF MANUAL AND MACHINE TRANSLATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 04 (April 2008): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012285.
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Complex networks have been increasingly used in text analysis, including in connection with natural language processing tools, as important text features appear to be captured by the topology and dynamics of the networks. Following previous works that apply complex networks concepts to text quality measurement, summary evaluation, and author characterization, we now focus on machine translation (MT). In this paper we assess the possible representation of texts as complex networks to evaluate cross-linguistic issues inherent in manual and machine translation. We show that different quality translations generated by MT tools can be distinguished from their manual counterparts by means of metrics such as in- (ID) and out-degrees (OD), clustering coefficient (CC), and shortest paths (SP). For instance, we demonstrate that the average OD in networks of automatic translations consistently exceeds the values obtained for manual ones, and that the CC values of source texts are not preserved for manual translations, but are for good automatic translations. This probably reflects the text rearrangements humans perform during manual translation. We envisage that such findings could lead to better MT tools and automatic evaluation metrics.
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St-Pierre, Paul. "Translating Cultural Difference: Fakir Mohan Senapati's Chha Mana Atha Guntha." Traduction et post-colonialisme en Inde — Translation and Postcolonialism: India 42, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004300ar.
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Abstract The analysis of four translations into English of the late nineteenth-century Indian (Oriya) novel Chha Mana Atha Guntha (literally: Six Acres and Thirty-Two Decimals) shows that translators, faced with references to specific aspects of the source culture, may use a variety of tactics, including non translation, as a part of their overall strategy. The choices translators make not only result in a new text but also construct a new readership, and these choices, texts, and readerships can and do vary. The differences between the translations examined reflect the complexity involved in the translation into English, the language of the former colonial power, of Indian-language texts, and the diverse ways in which these languages can reinvent their relations in a postcolonial context.
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LIANG, Yan. "Retranslations of World Fairy Tales and Western Novels by XU Zhuodai." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2023.16.1.191.
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From the 1910s to the early 1920s Xu Zhuodai translated many fairy tales from around the world and Western novels into Chinese, via Japanese translations. His “World Fairy Tales” series, based on the “Otogibanashi” series by Iwaya Sazanami, were integral to the development of the Zhonghua Book Company, and represented an important milestone in China’s initial evolution of children’s literature. His translations of Western prose texts, including short stories by world-renowned authors such as Tolstoy, Maupassant, and Mark Twain, as well as long detective novels by the popular French writers Maurice Leblanc and Fortuné du Boisgobey, were based on Japanese translations such as those in “Various Comic Novels” by Sasaki Kuni. These translations of fairy tales and other texts reflect Xu Zhuodai’s concern for education and his love of humorous literature. How the translation of foreign literature influenced Xu Zhuodai’s literary output is a topic worth exploring in the future.
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Pál, Enikő. "Reflections on the Status of Hungarian Loanwords in Old Romanian Translations." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0015.
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AbstractTranslation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and socioculturel factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of vivid contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in the regions where the old Romanian translations (or their originals) can be located, a number of Hungarian loanwords of folk origin penetrated these texts. On the other hand, when using Hungarian sources, translators have imported useful source language caiques and loanwords, which have enriched Romanian language.
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Kuo, Chen-li. "Function words in statistical machine-translated Chinese and original Chinese: A study into the translationese of machine translation systems." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 752–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy050.
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Abstract Statistical approaches have become the mainstream in machine translation (MT), for their potential in producing less rigid and more natural translations than rule-based approaches. However, on closer examination, the uses of function words between statistical machine-translated Chinese and the original Chinese are different, and such differences may be associated with translationese as discussed in translation studies. This article examines the distribution of Chinese function words in a comparable corpus consisting of MTs and the original Chinese texts extracted from Wikipedia. An attribute selection technique is used to investigate which types of function words are significant in discriminating between statistical machine-translated Chinese and the original texts. The results show that statistical MT overuses the most frequent function words, even when alternatives exist. To improve the quality of the end product, developers of MT should pay close attention to modelling Chinese conjunctions and adverbial function words. The results also suggest that machine-translated Chinese shares some characteristics with human-translated texts, including normalization and being influenced by the source language; however, machine-translated texts do not exhibit other characteristics of translationese such as explicitation.
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Hamdan, Mahmood Ibrahim, and Gailan Mahmoud Hussein. "Applying Larson's Model To Assess the Quality of Two Translations of Antony Hope's Novel The Prisoner of Zenda into Arabic." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.1.13.
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This paper investigates the quality of two translations of Antony Hope's" Prisoner of Zenda" novel by applying Larson's model. This novel is rendered into Arabic by two translators in different places and times. The model has three significant criteria that can be employed to assess the quality of translated works including "accuracy, clarity and naturalness". They are considered important indicators of translation quality that can be used to assess the translation and assure that they are appropriately employed. To assess the two translations, the researchers apply each criterion to three excerpts taken from the novel and assess their translation and to what extent the source texts are appropriately rendered.
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Vargas Gómez, Francisco Javier. "All Roads Lead to... Italy." LETRAS, no. 75 (December 9, 2023): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rl.2-75.7.
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The results of research on the translation of Costa Rican poetry into Italian are presented, including its evolution, determining factors, forms adopted, the image the translations project of the original poetry, and their potential function within the target context. It is concluded that the appearance of those translations would have been the result of opportunity and that, as poetic texts, they would have been adapted to the target readers’ expectations.
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Sebo, Erin. "Translating Symphosii Scholastici Aenigmata: The problems of translating an enigmatic genre." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 14 (2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2018.1.3.
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The tendency to dismiss Symphosius as frivolous has been expressed in the translations of his work. This, of course, has the effect of reinforcing the attitude since many readers read Symphosius first in translations; even if they then read the text in the original, it is hard to shake first impressions. This attitude is a reflection of our cultural associations with riddles, which are very different from those of late antiquity. Moreover, there are a range of problems associated with translating Symphosius' 'Aenigmata', including the difficulty of establishing a source text from the range of variations found in the manuscript tradition, and the cultural and historical barriers to making the text intelligible to a modern audience. However, these difficulties arise in translating all ancient texts. The greatest difficulty in translating 'Aenigmata' is the nature of the genre itself. Riddles are designed to be enigmatic. How can a translator produce a translation which gives the reader the clues required to solve the riddles without destroying ambiguity, the central feature of the genre? This is exacerbated by the requirements of producing scholarly translations; that the translated text is culturally accurate and precisely reflects specific cultural metaphors, images, symbols, paradoxes, and associations. This study examines previous translations and considers how and to what extent it is possible to satisfy such fundamentally contradictory requirements.
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TAN, Xiaoyan. "A Study of Essay Translation Under the Guidance of Werner Koller’s Equivalence Theory: Take Texts in the First Volume of Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhang Peiji as Examples." International Journal of Social Science Research 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v10i2.19815.
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As an important part of Chinese literature, Chinese essay plays an essential role in spreading Chinese culture. However, compared with other literary translations, studies of essay translations have been far left behind than those of others. Under this background, this thesis, leveraging qualitative analysis and based on Koller’s equivalence theory, will deeply analyze some translated texts from Zhang Peiji’s first set of Selected Modern Chinese Essays, including the following aspects: the translated texts presenting the original content corresponding to denotative and connotative equivalence; re-appearing of the original style to text-normative equivalence; transferring the original forms and aesthetics to formal equivalence and achieving communicative effect to pragmatic equivalence. In so doing, this thesis will further delve into the features of Koller’s equivalence theory, present more perspectives on analyzing essay translations and try to shed some light on the future essay translation.Finally, this thesis concludes that Koller’s equivalence theory is very helpful in guiding the analysis of translated essays and bringing enlightenment to essay translation. The analysis finds that in his translations, Mr. Zhang Peiji not only has faithfully conveyed the original texts’ contents, but also has maintained the original style and in some cases even represented the source text’s aesthetics. Besides, he has also taken target readers into consideration as a way to achieve better communicative effect. What should be noticed is that the functions, frequency and usages among different aspects of equivalence are varied. Therefore, translators are supposed to adopt different translation strategies and techniques in accordance with specific situations so as to achieve better equivalence effect and improve translation quality.
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SLAVOVA, Liudmyla, and Maryna VOZNA. "ETHNIC AND CULTURAL NATURE OF HISTORICAL – TERMINOLOGY: THE COMPARATIVE AND TRANSLATION ASPECTS (based on historical terms of antiquity and Old Rus period)." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 71(1) (2022): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2022.1.10.
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The article looks into the comparative and translational aspects of historical terms as a group of special professional words used by historians in both English and Ukrainian academic texts to describe one particular period in Ukrainian history, that of antiquity and Old Rus. Different groups of historical terminology were identified in original Ukrainian and English texts on this period, such as proper names, names to denote items of material culture, social and military status, rank at the royal court, social and religious processes and phenomena. Particular attention was given to those names that denote culture- and period-specific concepts of the described time-period in Ukrainian history. English translations of Ukrainian historical terminology were studied based on non-numerous existing translations from Ukrainian, which were then compared to the approaches used by native English-speaking academics. For those concepts where no equivalents could be found, the authors have offered their own translations. Conclusions were made about the prevailing methods of rendering different classes of historical terms into English, including culture-specific terms which were found in each terminological group. Such culture-specific Ukrainian terminology is rendered into English redominantly via combined renomination, which combines phonological and/or orthographic adaptation and description or via description only. Other methods have been discussed, such as translation by equivalent, loan translation and analogous translation, which were applied to both non-culture specific and culture-specific terminology. Identifying a lexical unit as belonging to one of those groups helps with determining its translation method. Conclusions have been drawn about the general nature of historical terminology, which from the translation point of view can be divided into two big groups: terms denoting universal historical notions and culture-specific historical terms.
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Loimeier, Roman. "Translating the Qur'ān in Sub-Saharan Africa: Dynamics and Disputes." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 4 (2005): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006605774832180.
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AbstractIn the last decades, African Muslim societies have experienced multiple processes of modernization, as, for instance, in the sphere of education. As a consequence, the number of African Muslims literate in African languages has grown tremendously and so has the number of texts, including religious texts, published in these languages. At the same time, the Qur'ān has been translated into many African languages, and these translations of the Qur'ān have triggered disputes among religious scholars on the translatability of the Qur'ān as well as the interpretative orientation of these translations. The disputes over the translation and interpretation of the Qur'ān into African languages might contribute to the emergence, in sub-Saharan Africa, of a tradition of scholarly debates that would stress contextualized interpretations of the text.
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Bushi, Jonida, and Endri Papajorgji. "Translation in Terms of Law and Communication: Difficulties Regarding the Translation of Legal Texts from Albanian into German and Vice Versa." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0076.
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This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Albanian and vice versa. Legal texts constitute an important part of translation into both languages. Translations of legal texts in Albania have increased since the latter's attempts to join the EU. European Union translation materials are in large volumes and require a lot of work. Therefore, the request for translation of legal documents, such as provisions or court decisions into other languages of the Union, including German, has increased. Despite institutional efforts to draft a glossary of legislation with the cooperation of professionals led by the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation), as well as some efforts made in compiling Albanian-German legal dictionaries, there are no genuine publications in the Albanian language that handle the problems of translation in this field. Since technical legal language is a practical or institutional language, it is characterized by a high percentage of technical terms as well as a standardized sentence structure. Legal language is characterized by accuracy and clarity. Received: 5 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Revazov, Mikhail A. "Problems of Legal Documents Translation and Adoption of Multilingual Acts." Zakon 20, no. 1 (January 2023): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2023-20-1-176-189.
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Issues related to the drafting and application of legal documents executed in several languages or requiring translation rarely come into the field of legal science. Such issues are more often the subject of research by specialists in the field of linguistics, although they require comprehensive consideration in various aspects, including from the point of view of jurisprudence. In particular, these are issues of establishing the identity of the content of texts in several languages, the legal status of translations, resolving conflicts between texts of one document in different languages, problems of translation into another language or languages of special legal terminology (caused by the presence or absence of concepts or institutions in different legal systems). This article examines a number of problems related to the organisation of official translations and the official status of translated documents and suggests a solution to the problems posed.
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Wan Omar, Wan Abdul Hayyi, and Idris Mansor. "PEMERHATIAN TERHADAP TERJEMAHAN TEKS SEJARAH ISLAM KE DALAM BAHASA MELAYU." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp265-281.
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Teks sejarah Islam merupakan nadi penting yang menyimpan khazanah arkeologi sejarah ketamadunan Islam yang terbina. Catatan yang terkandung dalam teks ini menjadi sumber yang penting untuk dihayati oleh seluruh umat Islam kerana pemahaman sejarah yang baik mampu membina kepercayaan keagamaan yang kukuh. Hal ini demikian kerana segala catatan ajaran, asbab dan perkembangan Islam yang berlaku termasuk perihal berkaitan asbab al-nuzul dan asbab al-wurud sesuatu ajaran dicitrakan dalam genre teks ini. Namun begitu, tidak semua penganut Islam mampu memahaminya disebabkan ketidakmampuan mereka dalam menguasai bahasa Arab. Lantaran itu, mereka perlu bergantung kepada teks sejarah terjemahan sebagai wadah sandaran. Sungguhpun begitu, kewujudannya amat sukar ditemui walaupun aktiviti penterjemahan teks agama Islam seperti fikah, usul fiqah, tasawuf, aqidah, tafsir, al-Quran dan hadis ke dalam bahasa Melayu di Nusantara telah berlaku sejak kurun ke-15 Masihi. Untuk itu, kajian ini dijalankan dengan memberi fokus terhadap senario perkembangan aktiviti terjemahan teks sejarah Islam sedia ada serta meneliti corak terjemahan yang digunakan. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan mengimplikasi pendekatan kajian kepustakaan dan penilaian ke atas dua teks terjemahan, iaitu Sirah Nabawiyyah hasil terjemahan Muhammad Ramzi Omar (2017) dan Sirah Rasulullah s.a.w Keagungan Seorang Nabi Bongsu hasil terjemahan Senawi Ali (2014) dan dibandingkan dengan teks sumber yang berjudul al-Raheeq al-Makhtum oleh Al-Mubarakpuri (1987). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keterbatasan dalam aktiviti penterjemahan teks genre sejarah Islam berbanding dengan teks Islam daripada genre yang lain. Kebanyakan teks terjemahan sejarah Islam lebih berbentuk saduran dan pendekatan terjemahan yang digunakan lebih cenderung kepada pendekatan semantik. Situasi ini menyebabkan hasil terjemahan lebih cenderung ke arah bahasa dan budaya teks sumber berbanding kecenderungan kepada bahasa dan budaya sasaran.
Kata kunci: Corak terjemahan, teks agama, teks sejarah Islam, terjemahan Arab-Melayu
ABSTRACT
Texts on the history of Islam are priceless treasures as they contain archaeological information on the history of Islamic civilisation. The records in the texts serve as integral resources for Muslims all over the world because good understanding of the history could help develop strong foundation of religious belief. This is because all records on the teachings, explanations, and development of Islam including the occasions or circumstances of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) and circumstances of utterance (asbab al-wurud) are kept in this genre. However, not all Muslims can understand the texts as they do not understand Arabic. Therefore, they need to rely on the translations of historical texts as their source of information. Still, translations of historical texts are hard to find although translations of Islamic texts such as fiqh, usul al-fiqh, tasawuf, aqidah, tafsir, al-Quran and hadith into Malay began as early as the 15th AD in the Malay Archipelago. As such, this study is focused on the existing activities of translating texts on Islamic history. The study also investigates the patterns in the translations carried out. The study involved library research and a close observation on two translated texts which are Sirah Nabawiyyah translated by Omar (2017) and Sirah Rasulullah s.a.w Keagungan Seorang Nabi Bongsu translated by Senawi Ali (2014) and compared with the source text entitled al-Raheeq al-Makhtum by Al-Mubarakpuri (1987). Findings from the study show that there are limitations in the activities of translating Islamic historical texts compared to other genres of Islamic texts. Most of the translated texts on the history of Islam are in the form of adaptations and the translations are more inclined towards the semantic approach. This situation, therefore, produced translation products which tended more towards the source language and culture rather than the target language and culture.
Keywords: Arabic-Malay translation, Islamic historical, religious text, text, translation patterns
Cite as: Wan Omar, W. A. H., & Mansor, I. (2019). Pemerhatian terhadap terjemahan teks sejarah Islam ke dalam Bahasa Melayu [An observation on the translated Islamic historical texts into Malay]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 265-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp265-281
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T S, Meenal, and Govindarajan P. "The Challenges of Using Machine Translation While Translating Polysemous Words." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i2.5944.
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The disparities between machine translation and human translation have shown to be quite challenging when translating polysemous words. This study examines the challenges of translating polysemous words between French and English by finding an easy way to translate the polysemous terms which is the key objective. It would also help in dealing with the most effective method of translating polysemous terms, while a few succeed in translating the contexts and others struggle to come up with the right interpretations. As many words or phrases have numerous meanings, a machine translator is still unable to handle the ambiguity issues that arise and determine what the given context means. One issue that machine translators have yet to solve is the phenomena of polysemy, or numerous meanings, though it certainly isn't the only one. In this paper, instances of these machine translations of texts from several text genres—including texts from the journalistic, medical, legal, and dictionary definition genres—are examined. To clear up any misunderstanding, one must consider the situation’s background. One must also acknowledge that the situation makes sense. In the concluding section of this study, we will be shown some examples of significant issues that have arisen as a result of a lack of understanding of the term, including misunderstanding, lack of comprehension, ambiguity, and limitations on the heedless use of technical definitions in favour of common ones.
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Axelsson, Karin. "Questions in English and Swedish fiction texts." Languages in Contrast 20, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00017.axe.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to shed new light on the use and translation of English and Swedish questions in fiction by using a combination of parallel and comparable corpus data extracted from the bidirectional English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. In particular, the study examines questions containing a question mark (QMquestions) categorised into wh-interrogatives, polar interrogatives, alternative questions, tag questions (including those with invariant tags), declarative questions, wh-fragments and non-wh-fragments. The parallel analysis shows that most QMquestion types are more often translated congruently into English than into Swedish. The focus is on types with low mutual correspondence scores: fragments, tag questions and declarative questions. The comparable analyses concern both bilingual contrasts between the original texts and monolingual contrasts between the translation and original subcorpora in both languages. The bilingual analysis aligns with several preliminary findings in the parallel analysis, e.g. the favouring of tag questions and some types of wh-fragments in English. The monolingual analysis reveals both over- and underuse in translations and points to a strong effect of source-language influence.
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Molés-Cases, Teresa, and Joel Olofsson. "Thinking-for-translating: Mannerof- motion in a parallel corpus of Henning Mankell’s crime novels." Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, no. 63 (2024): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.63.05.
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This paper analyzes the translation of Manner-of-motion in a Swedish>Spanish parallel corpus of crime novels by Henning Mankell (and more specifically, a selection of the Wallander series). Since Swedish is a satellite-framed language, while Spanish is a verb-framed language, the aim of the research is to identify translation techniques adapted to the issue of translating Manner-of-motion in an intertypological translation scenario. The results of this study are compared with previous research on the topic, which has focused mainly on general prose fiction and fiction for children and young adults. Our findings confirm that Manner-of-motion is omitted to a great extent in the Spanish translations, compared with the original texts in Swedish. Moreover, some differences are encountered in the translation of original fragments, including general and specific Manner-of-motion verbs.
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Li, Peize. "The Translation of the Main Modal Verbs in the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China." Learning & Education 10, no. 2 (September 16, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i2.2331.
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This paper will mainly delve into the meanings and use of main modal verbs including “may”, “shall” and “must” in legal texts. Among all these three modal verbs, the modal verb “shall” is the emphasis of this article due to its most frequency of use, the importance of function and the very debatable translation in legal texts. Firstly, the author will introduce the basic meanings of them and the relevant theories of their translation. Secondly, in order to reveal how they exist in legal texts, the author will analyze the three modal verbs in the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China in combination with previous studies, and present examples to illustrate whether the translations are appropriate enough or not. Finally, the author will give her own opinion on the use and translation of those main modal verbs in legal texts.
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G.Zh., Iskakova, Ryspaeva D.S., and Akhmetova G.S. "Theoretical and practical problems of translation of folk texts." Keruen 75, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53871/2078-8134.2022.2-12.
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One of the problems of present time is the formation of the young generation as fully developed intelligent people, worthy of the interests of a new society, the education of national psychology, national identity, and the ability to distinguish between good and evil. From this point of view, the problem of studying folklore that is part of culture, including children’s folklore, has always been relevant and important in linguistics. After all, folklore is a source of folk wisdom that allows young people to understand the traditional worldview.This research is dedicated to the study of difficulties and effective ways of forming national values in the cognitive process of a child through the use of fairy tales and their translations. Texts of fairy tales of ethnic groups residing in Kazakhstan served as the research material.Currently, great importance is attached to the development and study of national languages, and it is very important to study peculiarities of a particular national system of thinking.In the course of the research there were identified in the folklore texts certain linguistic units reflecting the specifics of the worldview of a particular people; the researchers also analyzed how these language units function in the language and the peculiarities of rendering them into another language.In connection with the knowledge and perception of the world, the culture of each nation is isolated from the other culture. Therefore, the article analyzes the concepts of the language picture of the world, ethnic stereotypes, and defines the features of their translation.Literary text, including children’s folklore, is considered as a form of translation, and the main differences between the translation of literary text are revealed. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the language of children’s folklore and methods of their translation. Three main approaches were used in translating children’s folklore, which were proved by examples. A comprehensive analysis of the totality of the ways and means of transmitting folklore in the language of the given national-cultural specificity and consideration of the issues and principles of translation into another language, identifying the linguistic and cognitive features of translation of folklore of the people of Kazakhstan determine the relevance of research.The article analyzes the principles of equivalence that are taken into account when translating folklore texts, as well as ways and means of translating linguistic and cultural features into another language. The work was carried out to collect, systematize and translate folklore material of the peoples living on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of comparative analysis of the language system of various ethnic groups, specific problems of translating folklore texts and the most effective mechanisms for transmitting source information in the target language are identified.
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Al-Dawli, Faisal Ali Ahmed. "Translating Laughter: A Critical Examination of Humor in three Arabic Versions of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn." مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم الإنسانية 2, no. 2 (May 6, 2024): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59628/jhs.v2i2.947.
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This paper critically assesses the translation of humorous expressions from English into Arabic by examining three versions of Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Naseem (1958), Abdulrahman (2015), and Al-Shabini (2018), aiming to identify challenges and propose cost-effective solutions. The paper adopts an interdisciplinary qualitative approach, combining descriptive, comparative, contrastive, and critical analyses, to evaluate the accuracy, fluency, and humorous impact of selected translations. It further identifies translation strategies, proposes solutions to challenges, and suggests alternative renderings where necessary. The research findings indicate that the translators have partially succeeded in meeting the translation objectives, with the intended meanings of the source text's author being largely conveyed in the Arabic translations. However, they were not able to reproduce the humor's full effect and impact. Naseem prioritized educating the target readership and adapting to cultural norms at the time of his translation, potentially compromising the humor of the source text. Abdulrahman and Al-Shabini focused on maintaining high accuracy to the source text, possibly undermining cultural acceptability. The translators' strategies, including omission, literal translation, paraphrasing, and one-to-one transition, may have negatively impacted the accuracy, elegance, force, power, and pragmatic impact of the target texts. As a result, the humorous effects of the source text may have been partially lost in translation. To achieve comparably humorous effects, it is recommended to revise and post-edit these translations, employing domesticating and trans-creative strategies while preserving the source text’s intentions.
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NAYDAN, Michael M. "THE TRANSLATOR’S SENSIBILITY IN MAKING SENSE OUT OF TEXTS." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 848 (May 2024): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2024.848.128-136.
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The role of a translator in rendering literary texts is often underestimated, yet it is crucial in reshaping the essence of the original work into a new linguistic and cultural context. This article delves into the intricate realm of the translator’s sensibility, emphasizing the translator’s pivotal position as not merely a conduit but as a co-author, a collaborator in the recreation of the source text in the target language. This collaborative effort demands a profound understanding of both the source and target cultures, as well as a keen sensitivity to nuances of language and expression. Central to this discussion is the notion of the translator’s visibility, a concept illuminated by Lawrence Venuti’s seminal work on translation theory. While traditional views often advocate for the translator’s invisibility, this article challenges that perspective, arguing for a recognition of the translator’s creative agency and presence in the translated text. Examining translations of iconic works such as Mykola Hohol’s "Taras Bulba" and J.K. Rowling’s "Harry Potter," alongside the author’s own experiences in selecting and translating texts, provides a rich tapestry of insights into the complexities of the translation process. Through the lens of these diverse works, including poetry by Lina Kostenko, Yuri Andrukhovych’s novel "Perverzion," and Hryhoriy Kvitka-Osnovyanko’s "The Witch of Konotop," the article elucidates the intricate interplay between the translator's personal sensibilities and the demands of the text. foregrounding the translator's role as a co-creator, this article invites a reevaluation of the translation process, recognizing it not as a mere act of linguistic conversion, but as a dynamic and creative endeavor shaped by the unique sensibilities and artistic vision of the translator. In doing so, it sheds light on the transformative power of translation in bridging cultures and enriching literary landscapes
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Severina, Elena Mikhailovna, and Nikita Aleksandrovich Fyodorov. "The Chekhov Digital project: semantic markup of a parallel corpus of translations of Chekhov's fiction into German." Филология: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2024): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2024.4.70560.
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The article discusses the issues of developing the principles of a semantically marked parallel corpus of translations of Chekhov's fiction into German within the framework of the Chekhov Digital project, a digital academic publication of the writer's collected works in TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) format. The parallel corpus project is focused on creating a digital infrastructure for studying the writer's works, allowing researchers to analyze and compare original texts with their translations. Difficulties were identified related to the interpretation of significant elements of the writer's works, the specifics of their translation into German and the semantic markup of translations of fiction, for example, difficulties arose with defining the boundaries and relationships between the elements of semantic markup. Ways to overcome them are proposed, including the use of digital methods and natural language processing technologies. The project uses digital methods and technologies of natural language processing, the standard of digital publication Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). The text markup structure based on the TEI standard makes documents machine-readable, which allows to develop tools for complex semantic information retrieval. The inclusion in the Chekhov Digital project of parallel corpora of translations of A. P. Chekhov's works into different languages makes it possible to expand research tools in the field of translation studies, making it possible to compare texts of translations and originals, detect similarities and differences in vocabulary, grammar, style and cultural references, as well as automate routine research processes, which makes search and analysis much more effective information on large volumes of texts. The results of the project will contribute to the development of the digital humanitarian environment, contributing to the preservation and popularization of the literary heritage of A.P. Chekhov. The creation of a semantically marked parallel corpus of translations will be important for literary critics, linguists and translators, allowing them to study the specifics of translations of Chekhov's works and develop new forms of text analysis and interpretation. The experience gained during the project will be valuable for future research and practical applications, demonstrating the effectiveness of digital technologies in humanitarian research and education.
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Dickie, June F. "The Importance of Literary Rhythm When Translating Psalms for Oral Performance (in Zulu)." Bible Translator 70, no. 1 (April 2019): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677018824771.
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Poetry must be heard, and heard in a way that is pleasing and memorable. Much of the beauty and rhetorical power of poetry arises from prosody, that is, patterns of rhythm and sound. Rhythm is composed of four elements that work together to provide aesthetic and emotive strength. It is an important feature of both biblical and Zulu poetry, and thus the translator of psalms (translating into Zulu or any Bantu language) must pay attention to aural components of the source and receptor texts. A recent empirical study invited Zulu youth to participate in translating and performing three praise psalms. They learned the basics of Bible translation and poetics, including rhythm, and their translations show a sensitivity to Zulu poetry and music that makes them highly rhythmic and singable. The underlying understanding of “translating with rhythm” can be applied to other languages and is an essential element of translating biblical poetry.
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Komporaly, Jozefina. "Translating Hungarian Drama for the British and the American Stage." Hungarian Cultural Studies 14 (July 16, 2021): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2021.434.
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Reflecting on my experience of translating contemporary Hungarian theater into English, this paper examines the fluidity of dramatic texts in their original and in translation, and charts collaborations between playwrights, translators and theater-makers. Mindful of the responsibility when working from a “minor” to a “major” language, the paper signals the discrepancy between the indigenous and foreign ‘recognition circuit’ and observes that translations from lesser-known languages are predominantly marked by a supply-driven agenda. Through case studies from the work of Transylvanian-Hungarian playwright András Visky, the paper argues that considerations regarding such key tenets of live theater as “speakability” and “performability” have to be addressed in parallel with correspondences in meaning, rhythm and spirit. The paper also points out that register and the status of certain lexical choices differ in various languages. Nuancing the trajectory of Visky’s plays in English translation, this paper makes a case for translations created with and for their originals, in full knowledge of the source and receiving cultures, and with a view to their potential in performance. The paper posits the need for multiple options encoded in the translation journey, including hypothetical concepts for future mise-en-scène, and situates the translator as a key participant in the performance making process.
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Turanov, Andrei Alekseevich. "TO THE HISTORY OF TRANSLATION OF BOOKS OF SCRIPTURE INTO THE MARI LANGUAGE: VYATKA TRANSLATIONS OF THE GOSPEL." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-3-495-502.
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The article on the basis of documentary materials for the first time presents the main steps in the history of the Mari translations of the gospel in the Vyatka province in the light of the activities of the Russian Bible society. The translations were started in December 1820 on the initiative of the leadership of the Vyatka diocese and were carried out by the parish clergy in two counties: in Yaransk the gospel of Matthew was translated, whereas in Urzhumsky the gospel of Mark. The Yaranskiy translation was made in 1821 by S. Bobrovsky, who was a priest in the village Pizhemskоya; the Urzhumskiy translation was completed in 1822, and performed in parts by multiple translators, including the priests K. Ushnurski from the village Toral and A. Popov from the village Yuledur. Both translations were sent for consideration to the metropolitan Committee of the Bible society in early July 1823. The article provides brief biographical information of the translators. In addition, an idea is given of the attempts undertaken in the Vyatka diocese to use translations of Christian texts into the Mari language made outside of the region. In particular, in 1820-1821, a translation of the Liturgy of John Chrysostom was tested in parishes with the Mari population, and in 1824, a suitability test began for the Vyatka Mari people of translations of the Gospel made in Kazan.
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Pym, Anthony. "On the passage of transcendent messages." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 14, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.14.1.07pym.
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Abstract Translation is one way texts are accorded transcendence, understood as material transfer from a site of utterance. Although frequently construed as a quality of texts or auctorial virtue, transcendence is enacted by receivers (including translators) pulling texts across time and space, transforming them accordingly. Study of a war-commemoration text attributed to Atatürk shows this happening in its transfer to Australia. The historical authorship of the text has been contested, and analysis of its various translations and interpretations reveals competing interests, strategic omissions, distributed intercultural agency, and inscriptions. However, the historians involved in the debate, in both Turkey and Australia, have not sufficiently considered translation analysis, which can find some justification for the questioned text. Further, an ethics of cross-cultural communication might question the translation as an appeal to resolution based not just on the commonness of human suffering but also the shared concealment of guilt.
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Kovács, Tímea. "Comparative analysis of lexical simplification in Hungarian-English translated and interpreted texts." Porta Lingua, no. 1 (2024): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48040/pl.2024.1.5.
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Although research on translation and interpreting activities have different focuses, the importance of corpus linguistics in both disciplines has been highlighted over the last few decades. Nonetheless, relatively few intermodal corpora, including written and spoken texts and their (simultaneously) interpreted and translated counterparts, have been devised. The development of the EPTIC corpus was started by Bernardini et al. (2016) to fill this gap in the field of Corpus Linguistics. In the scope of their research, a multilingual intermodal corpus was built including the original speeches of European Parliamentary sessions in 2011, their verbatim (written) reports, the translations of the source language texts as well as the simultaneously interpreted texts. The aim of the EPTIC project is to examine and compare lexical simplification (Laviosa, 1998a, 1998b), in translated and interpreted texts in different language pairs and directions. In a similar vein, I aim to explore whether the texts interpreted in Hungarian–English directions are lexically simpler than the translated ones through the analysis of a bilingual intermodal sub-corpus.
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Doherty, Monika. "'Acceptability' and Language-Specific Preference in the Distribution of Information." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.9.1.02doh.
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Abstract The paper generalizes upon some basic aspects of acceptability concerning language-specific preferences in the distribution of information in original texts and translations. It is assumed that the pragmatic principle of Optimal Relevance and major grammatical parameters jointly determine language-specific processing conditions for an optimal distribution of information. The claims are illustrated by the German translation of a passage from an English novel, where the preferred translational variants meet different processing conditions in 'right-peripheral' German, as opposed to 'left-peripheral' English. The differences concern word order, including initial and final position in simple and complex sentences, and may have an impact on the semantic readings of formally similar sentence structures, which can require redistribution of information beyond sentence boundaries.
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Hribar, Darja. "An Examination of Lexical Choices in Slovene Translations of British and American Drama." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 2, no. 1-2 (June 22, 2005): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.2.1-2.269-276.
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The article examines lexical choices preferred by a noted Slovene translator of dramatic texts. It is based on the assumption that in spite of the fact that lexical choices offer much greater freedom in translation than, for instance, grammatical choices, they are subject to a number of intratextual and extratextual factors defining the genre, the kind of translation, and specific features of individual plays. Although examples are taken from only one set of translations of Tennessee Wiliams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, they also refer to other working and published versions of drama translations into Slovene, including Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Pinter’s plays, and Shaw’s Pygmalion. The shifts considered in the article relate to register, i.e. factors of language variation affecting lexical choices related to the field, mode, and tenor of discourse.
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Diachenko, Nataliia, Olena Terekhovska, Nataliia Vivcharyk, Myroslava Vasylenko, and Lada Klymenko. "The Specifics of Translating Poetry. The Study of the Specifics is Based on the Material of the English and French Languages." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p332.
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The work of René Char remains poorly studied in Ukrainian literary criticism, and there are few translations published. In this paper, attempts were made to translate some of René Char's poems from the poetry collection "Fureur et mystère" (Rage and Mystery), which is central to his work. The analysis points out both the advantages and disadvantages of the translators' work. The intertextual connection between the poems "Allégeance" and "Allégement" is revealed and its importance for the interpretation of both texts is shown. This overlap was not shown in the translation. Ways were found to convey this connection within the poem itself, but the option of conveying it in the title was suggested. Some general difficulties that may arise during translation are identified, related to the transmission of rhythm, meter, graphics of the poem, syntax, as well as the figurative component of René Char's poetry. It has been established that the hermeticity of his poems is absolute: interpretation requires knowledge of the historical, cultural, and biographical contexts, as well as an in-depth familiarity with other poems by Char. However, the latter condition cannot be fulfilled by foreign-language readers. As we have discussed above, his works lack translations. So far, no translation of the entire book of poems has been made, and translators (including us) are working on translations selectively. Thus, in the course of our work, we discovered problems related to the translation of René Char's poems. In our translations, we tried to convey the original text with maximum accuracy, although this was not always possible. Considering the difficulties reflected in our comments on the translations, translations of other poems may be performed.
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Alborghetti, Claudia. "Italian nonsense verse: rewriting poetry in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll translated into Italian." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 7, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-9634.
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Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) was translated in Italy for the first time in 1872 by Teodorico Pietrocòla Rossetti. Since then, it has found fruitful ground in the so-called “creative transposition” (Jakobson, 2002), which makes use of the creative channel to communicate with a lay public that relies on rewritings to approach classic texts (Lefevere, 1992). Rewriters include translators and people who manipulate source texts for economic, political or social reasons. Their work is evidence of the evolution of literature as it brings classic texts down to the level of the common reader, ensuring their survival through time. Alice, a mixture of narrative voice and nonsense poetry, survives through the rewritings aimed at a young public. This paper explores poetry in selected translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, including Donatella Ziliotto’s translation published by Salani in 2010, Masolino D’Amico’s translation in the children’s literature series of classics published by BUR Ragazzi in 2016, and the modernized re-edition of Silvio Spaventa Filippi’s translation first published in 1913, distributed in a new book series in 2013. The translations analysed have all been published between 1991 and 2016 by different translators and publishing houses. This selection allowed for a mixed methodology of analysis delving into the paratext and poetic language, in order to compare rhythm, structure and rhyme, looking for common aspects but especially divergent approaches as a mark of creativity wishing to release the potential of the poetic verse and mediate it for young readers.
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Dunaeva, Yulia. "TRADE OF VELIKIY NOVGOROD WITH THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE IN THE XIV-XVI CENTURIES." Istoriya: Informatsionno-analiticheskii Zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rhist/2021.04.04.
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The review examines the trade of Veliky Novgorod and the Hanseatic League, trade and customs policy of the Hansa, including in relation to Veliky Novgorod. Along with analytical materials, cites sources: originals and translations of letters from Hanseatic merchants. An analysis of the Novgorodskaya Skra, its originals and translations of the texts.
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Bigelow, Allison Margaret. "Transatlantic Quechuañol: Reading Race through Colonial Translations." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, no. 2 (March 2019): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.2.242.
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Translation is often described with opposed terms like loyalty and betrayal, even though the work of translation defies such a description. New research in translation studies argues for the value of mistranslation and untranslatables, especially in recovering Indigenous knowledge production. This study joins these efforts by documenting how technical writers in the colonial Andes used Quechua terms to form a patois called “Quechuañol” (Quechua plus español) and how this hybrid Andean language was obscured in translations of scientific texts in early modern England, Germany, and France. As translators reinterpreted metallic classifications in Quechuañol, including “Pacos, Mulatos y Negrillos” (“paco, mulato, and negrillo metals”), they chose terms that communicated their own, culturally specific ideas about color and categories. Tracing mistranslations in the Atlantic world allows us to document both the Indigenous intellectual contributions to the technical arts and the development of early modern racial classifications.