Academic literature on the topic '- Texts (including translations)'
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Journal articles on the topic "- Texts (including translations)"
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Jiang, Yue, and Jiang Niu. "A corpus-based search for machine translationese in terms of discourse coherence." Across Languages and Cultures 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00182.
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AbstractEarlier studies have corroborated that human translation exhibits unique linguistic features, usually referred to as translationese. However, research on machine translationese, in spite of some sparse efforts, is still in its infancy. By comparing machine translation with human translation and original target language texts, this study aims to investigate if machine translation has unique linguistic features of its own too, to what extent machine translations are different from human translations and target-language originals, and what characteristics are typical of machine translations. To this end, we collected a corpus containing English translations of modern Chinese literary texts produced by neural machine translation systems and human professional translators and comparable original texts in the target language. Based on the corpus, a quantitative study of discourse coherence was conducted by observing metrics in three dimensions borrowed from Coh-Metrix, including connectives, latent semantic analysis and the situation/mental model. The results support the existence of translationese in both human and machine translations when they are compared with original texts. However, machine translationese is not the same as human translationese in some metrics of discourse coherence. Additionally, machine translation systems, such as Google and DeepL, when compared with each other, show unique features in some coherence metrics, although on the whole they are not significantly different from each other in those coherence metrics.
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Sameer Salih Mahdi Al-Dahwi, Asst Prof Dr Sameer Salih Mahdi Al-Dahwi. "Assessing and Translating the Verb Akhadha ‘أخذ’ in Quranic Texts into English." Al-Noor Journal for Humanities 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.69513/jnfh.v1.i1.a11.
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Abstract This study aims at assessing and translating the verb Akhadha ‘أخذ’ in the Glorious Quran into English. Since the verb in question has several meanings in the Glorious Quran according to the context, it should be well treated by the translator of the religious texts in general and Quranic texts in particular. Therefore, a number of Quranic ayas that contain the verb will be selected and will be subjected to translation assessment in order to measure the accuracy of the translations of the verb ‘Akhadha’ in English. If the translations of the verb are inadequate, the researcher will give the suggested translations pursuant to the contexts of the said ayas. It is hypothesized that the translators of the Quranic texts including the verb in question might encounter difficulties in translating the verb and as corollary might produce inadequate translations as a result of the various rhetorical senses the verb has. Those rhetorical senses of the verb might be deemed as difficult for translators.
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Alvstad, Cecilia. "The translation pact." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947014536505.
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In this article I argue that translated texts and translational paratexts invite readers to read translated texts as if they were the originals, a hitherto widely ignored premise of translations. Although translations are produced by many agents in collaboration (authors, publishers, copy-editors and translators), they are generally presented as texts produced predominantly by one agent, the author. I therefore claim that there is a ‘translation pact’ at work in translated literature, a rhetorical construction through which readers are invited to read translated texts as if they were the originals. A narratological implication of the pact is that individual readers who accept the pact will reconstruct only an ‘implied author’ and not an ‘implied translator’. This view differs from earlier works on the implied translator (e.g. Munday, 2008: 11; O’Sullivan, 2003; Schiavi, 1996). The translation pact is most often constructed implicitly, but sometimes translators draw attention to themselves and manifest their agency, for example by discussing translational decisions in prefaces and notes. Against what one would assume from previous claims on the translator’s ‘visibility’ (Venuti, 1995), I demonstrate that the translator’s presence does not necessarily work against the pact but can rather strengthen it. The translation pact explains why readers, including critics, literary scholars and other professional readers, often talk and write about translations as if they were originals composed solely by the author.
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Nikiforova, Alisa Michkailovna. "Methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as a means of improving professional competencies among future translators." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240042.
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The study aims to substantiate the need to use a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as part of improving the professional training of future translators. The paper presents a practical experience of conducting classes on the translation of official business texts and assessing the translations, as well as students’ solutions of translation tasks. The scientific novelty of the work lies in developing a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations as a way to improve the process of teaching future translators how to render official business texts and as a means of improving their professional competencies. The results showed that the improvement of students’ knowledge and skills in the field of official business translation is possible, including through the use of a certain methodology for assessing student translations.
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Shiwei, Ni. "On C-E Translation of Relic Texts in Museums from a Functional Equivalence Perspective: A Case Study of Hubei Provincial Museum." English Literature and Language Review, no. 56 (June 20, 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.56.82.88.
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Museums play an important role in China’s communication with the world and demonstrate to some extent China’s soft power. As China further strengthens its international exchanges, more and more people hope to know China through its history and culture. However, due to the lingual and cultural distinctions, there are many unavoidable problems in translating Chinese relic texts (Source Text or ST) into English texts (Target Text or TT). As Eugene Nida said in his functional equivalence theory, the Target Reader’s (TR) comprehension and appreciation of the translation is significant. Therefore, in translating relic texts, attention should be paid to how the TR can understand and accept the content. This thesis aims at finding proper translation principles and methods by analyzing the translations of the relic texts in Hubei Provincial Museum from the perspective of the core concepts of functional equivalence theory. Through a study on the functional equivalence theory, the thesis finds three principles of translating relic texts: accuracy, readability and acceptability. An analysis of the relic texts of Hubei Provincial Museum has led to several translation methods including addition, omission, paraphrasing and rewriting, which help to achieve the functional equivalence of relic texts translation.
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Ryabko, Boris, and Nadezhda Savina. "Information-Theoretic Method for Assessing the Quality of Translations." Entropy 24, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121739.
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In recent years, the task of translating from one language to another has attracted wide attention from researchers due to numerous practical uses, ranging from the translation of various texts and speeches, including the so-called “machine” translation, to the dubbing of films and numerous other video materials. To study this problem, we propose to use the information-theoretic method for assessing the quality of translations. We based our approach on the classification of sources of text variability proposed by A.N. Kolmogorov: information content, form, and unconscious author’s style. It is clear that the unconscious “author’s” style is influenced by the translator. So researchers need special methods to determine how accurately the author’s style is conveyed, because it, in a sense, determines the quality of the translation. In this paper, we propose a method that allows us to estimate the quality of translation from different translators. The method is used to study translations of classical English-language works into Russian and, conversely, Russian classics into English. We successfully used this method to determine the attribution of literary texts.
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Vu, Thi Thu Thuy. "EXPLICITNESS OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN TWO VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS OF AN ENGLISH NOVEL." VNU Journal of Foreign Studies 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5147.
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This preliminary qualitative research aims to examine the changes in the level of explicitness of cohesive elements during the translation process. It does so by comparing an excerpt from Jane Austen's English novel "Pride and Prejudice" (1993) with its two Vietnamese translations by Diep Minh Tam (2002) and Lam Quynh Anh and Thien Nga (2017). The study focuses on how these translations handle cohesive elements based on Halliday and Hassan's cohesion taxonomy (1976). It also considers the tendency for explicitation, as suggested by Blum-Kulka's hypothesis (1986) and Gumul's framework (2017). The analysis involves identifying these cohesive devices in the source text and comparing them with their counterparts in the target texts to detect translational shifts towards greater explicitness. Additionally, the study examines how the two Vietnamese translations differ from each other in handling these elements. The findings of this descriptive study reveal that both Vietnamese translations employ explicitation techniques, including reiteration, the transformation of pro-forms into lexical cohesion, and the restoration of substitution and clausal ellipses used in the original text. The analysis also reflects different translation decisions in transferring the same source language content into the target language between the two translators, which manifests in the usage of explicitation shifts in the target language texts under study.
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Ulozienė, Paulina, and Aurelija Leonavičienė. "Comparative Analysis of the Use of Lexical Analytical Constructions and their Translation into Lithuanian in Italian and French Literary Texts." Sustainable Multilingualism 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2020-0009.
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SummaryThe intensification of research on Lithuanian translations of Italian literature and Italian translations of Lithuanian literature over the past twenty years is paralleled by the growth of interest in Italian literature in Lithuania. However, the existing research on diverse linguistic and cultural characteristics of texts translated from Italian into Lithuanian and vice versa has been sporadic, thus leaving much to be done to uncover links between the two languages and identify translation-related issues. The present article looks into one of the issues, namely, the lexical analytical construction of the Italian language and its translation into Lithuanian. Fictional texts by two representative Italian contemporary writers, Alesandro Baricco and Umberto Eco are chosen as a source of data including over three thousand pages of the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) texts. The results are compared with similar studies on translation of French literary texts into Lithuanian. The study on the translation of lexical analytical constructions in Italian literary texts translated into Lithuanian uses the theoretical framework and methodology provided by the Italian School of Semiotic Translation represented by Umberto Eco and Bruno Osimo among others. The study adopts a holistic approach to the analysis of lexical analytical constructions in Lithuanian translations of Italian literature. Comparative quantitative study has revealed three translation strategies: reformulation, translation without changes and remodelling. Reformulation has been identified to be the most frequent translation strategy. Its frequency was five times higher than that of translation without changes. The latter strategy was twice more frequent than the strategy of remodelling, which, accounts for less than ten per cent of all translation cases. Uses of calque or omission as translation strategies were not found. Comparison of quantitative results regarding the distribution of translation strategies adopted in the Lithuanian translations of Italian and French literary texts and a qualitative analysis of examples revealed similar tendencies in translation choices. It is important to note that changes of lexical analytical constructions into noun constructions were one and a half times less frequent in the translations of Italian literature than in the translations of French literature. Italian and French lexical analytical constructions were replaced by noun constructions in cases when in the SL text these constructions designated object and result but not action. Thus, it can be assumed that lexical analytical constructions in French literary texts were relatively more frequent than those in Italian literary texts.
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Gillhammer, Cosima Clara. "Non-Wycliffite Bible Translation in Oxford, Trinity College, 29 and Universal History Writing in Late Medieval England." Anglia 138, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 649–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2020-0052.
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AbstractThe late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular source texts and written by a single compiler-scribe. A great part of the text is focused on Old Testament history and uses the Vulgate as a key source, thus offering an opportunity to examine in detail the compiler’s strategies of translating the text of the Bible into the vernacular. The Bible translations in this manuscript are unconnected to the Wycliffite translations, and are non-reformist in their interpretative framework, implications, and use. This evidence is of particular interest as an example of the range of approaches to biblical translation and scholarship in the vernacular found in late medieval English texts, despite the restrictive legislation concerning Bible translation in fifteenth-century England. The strategies of translating the biblical text found in this manuscript include close word-by-word translation (seemingly unencumbered by anxieties about censorship), as well as other modes of interaction, such as summary, and exegesis. This article situates these modes of engagement with the Bible within a wider European textual tradition of including biblical material in universal history writing.
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Ghanooni, Ali Reza. "A cross-cultural study of metaphoric imagery in Shakespeare’s Macbeth." Translation and Interpreting Studies 9, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.9.2.05gha.
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Metaphor is an important literary device, and its translation poses the challenge of switching between different cultural, conceptual, and linguistic frames of reference. This study uses cross-cultural comparison to investigate the metaphoric imagery used in six translations of Shakespeare’s Macbeth into three languages: French, Italian, and Persian. To accomplish the aims of the study, metaphoric images in this play were identified in the source and target texts and then subjected to comparative analysis using Newmark’s categorization of strategies for translating metaphors. After analyzing the translations in the above-mentioned languages, it became apparent that all the translators, including the two Persian translators, tended to retain the same metaphoric images as in the source text. This is somewhat surprising given the greater linguistic and cultural distance between English and Persian. The findings suggest that the literal treatment of metaphors — and not their explicitation — may be a translation universal, at least in regard to canonical texts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "- Texts (including translations)"
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Lahey, Lawrence Lanzi. "The dialogue of Timothy and Aquila : critical Greek text and English translation of the short recension with an introduction including a source-critical study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621102.
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PAUKEJE, Josef. "Funkce polovětných vazeb ve španělském textu a jejich ekvivalenty v češtině." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80497.
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Tato diplomová práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část a zabývá se výskytem polovětných konstrukcí tvořených některým z neosobních slovesných tvarů ve španělském jazyce a volbou jejich ekvivalentů při překladu do češtiny. Cílem této práce je poskytnout přehled vlastností, zvláštností a dalších poznatků o polovětných konstrukcích ze španělsky a česky psaných zdrojů. Široké spektrum gramatik, publikací a skript, včetně dvoujazyčného elektronického korpusu literárních děl, přináší nejen velké množství informací o těchto konstrukcích, ale také rozbor volených jazykových prostředků při překladu z jednoho jazyka do druhého a vyhodnocení získaných údajů.
Books on the topic "- Texts (including translations)"
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Schiattarella, Valentina. Berber texts from Siwa (Egypt): Including a grammatical sketch. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2016.
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1957-, Mason Steve, and Robinson Thomas A. 1951-, eds. Early Christian reader: Christian texts from the first and second centuries in contemporary English translations including the New Revised Standard Version of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.
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Hesse, Hermann. The journey to the East. London: Paladin, 1989.
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Lindgren, Astrid. Les cahiers bleus de Zozo la tornade. [Paris]: Librairie générale française, 1986.
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Lewis, Carroll. Alice in Wonderland: Including Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Los Angeles: Hallmark Entertainment Books, 1999.
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1827-1894, Whitney William Dwight, Jośī Kanhaiyālāla, and Sāyaṇa d. 1387, eds. Atharva-Vedasaṃhitā =: Atharvavedasaṃhitā : Sanskrit text, English translation, notes & index of verses according to the translation of W.D. Whitney and Bhāṣya of Sāyaṇācārya (including 20th kāṇḍa). Delhi: Parimal Publications, 2000.
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Maidman, Maynard P. Life in Nuzi’s Suburbs. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-404-2.
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Nuzi was a town in what is today northeastern Iraq. It flourished as part of the kingdom of Mittanni from about 1475 to 1350 BCE, early in the Late Bronze Age. Uniquely for a town of its moderate size, Nuzi produced a huge number of documents of which almost 7,000 survive. These include economic, legal, administrative, and even a few scholastic texts. They come from government offices in the town, private houses from several of the town’s neighborhoods, and private villas in Nuzi’s wealthy suburbs. The present volume presents text editions, including transliterations, translations, and analyses of some of these tablets from the suburbs, predominantly from a single family’s records, a huge private archive, one of the largest ever to have been unearthed in the entire ancient world.
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1942-, Howard Wayne, ed. [Mātrālakṣaṇam] =: Mātrālakṣaṇam : text, translation, extracts from the commentary, and notes, including references to two oral traditions of south India. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, 1988.
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Aryeh Greenfield-A.G. Publications (Israel), ed. Penal law 5737-1977: A full text English translation, incorporating all amendments, up to and including amendment no. 108. 7th ed. Haifa, Israel: Aryeh Greenfield - A.G. Publications, 2011.
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Londey, David. The logic of Apuleius: Including a complete Latin text and English translation of the Peri hermeneias of Apuleius of Madaura. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "- Texts (including translations)"
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Cabal Guarro, Miquel. "More Than a Century of Dostoevsky in Catalan." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 25–44. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.02.
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This essay explores the factors that shaped the introduction and dissemination of Dostoevsky’s works in the Catalan cultural sphere, focussing on several different stages of the author’s translations into Catalan. In the late 1800s, Russian literature was largely unknown in Catalonia; interest grew due to the public’s fascination with Russian political movements and the fin de siècle avant-garde, as well as the agitational political climate in Spain. The Catalan intelligentsia typically accessed new aesthetic forms through French publications, including Russian literature: the first translations from Russian to Catalan were thus made through French. However, surprisingly, Dostoevsky’s works entered the Catalan literary world through German translations, with his first translator, Juli Gay, using German texts as source material for his Catalan versions of ‘An Honest Thief’ and ‘The Landlady’ in 1892. This resulted in less stylistic distortion from the original than in other language versions translated from French. In the early 1900s, other works by Dostoevsky were translated into Catalan using French pivot texts; the first direct translations were published in 1929, namely Crime and Punishment by Andreu Nin and The Eternal Husband by Francesc Payarols, two of the most prominent names in Russian-Catalan translation history. During Franco’s dictatorship, literature and cultural expressions in Catalan were banned, reducing new translations. In recent decades, the number and quality of direct translations of Dostoevsky into Catalan have grown, though some major works still await translation.
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Quénu, Benjamin. "From Russian to Uzbek (1928-53)." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 525–54. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.34.
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This chapter focuses on Stalin-era literary translations from Russian to Uzbek in the Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan. Highlighting the different steps for the increasing supervision of the translators’ activity within the Soviet Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan, it sheds light on the material conditions of the professionalization of the translation industry, including career benefits, risks and opportunities, gender inequality, and strategies of institutional control. Within this framework, my chapter addresses the question of inequality between the languages of the Soviet Union through a both quantitative and qualitative approach, contextualising translations from Russian in a wider cultural landscape, including translations from Uzbek to Russian as well as from the languages of the Republic’s minorities. I highlight the complexity of the sometimes contradictory objectives assigned to translation activity, incorporating at the same time a policy of modernisation that gave pre-eminence to Russian culture. Using unpublished archive material as well as press articles and literary texts, my study reveals the shifting strategies of the Soviet Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan, while revealing how individuals responded to changing directives from local and central Party and state authorities. By analyzing the ever-changing criteria for accurate translation from Uzbek into Russian at key historical moments, such as the Great Terror and the Great Patriotic War, I expose the linguistic implications of translation policy.
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Ó Fionnáin, Mark. "Alastar Sergedhebhít Púiscín, the Séacspír of Russia." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 171–80. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.10.
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This essay briefly examines the various translations into Irish of Aleksandr Pushkin’s writings, from the early twentieth century to modern renditions. One of the aims of Ireland’s Gaelic Revival (which started in the 1890s) was to produce a new literature in Irish, a language which had been reduced to that of the poor and uneducated and whose extant literature largely consisted of folk songs and poetry. The quickest way to produce such new works of poetry, plays and prose was thus to translate existing texts by international authors. As a result of this approach, Pushkin was rendered into Irish. However, these translations of Pushkin were few and far between, with the prose texts themselves occasionally being shortened, or else, in the case of his poetry, only a small selection of verses being chosen. Indeed, in one case, the same text––The Queen of Spades––resulted in three translations of various and varying quality. Despite this, a look at the Irish-language renditions of Pushkin helps illustrate some of the cultural and linguistic issues that were current, including questions of orthography, loanwords and sources of inspiration, and how Irish-language writers faced up to the task of creating a literary language where none existed.
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Reynolds, Matthew. "II. The World Work in Language(s)." In Prismatic Jane Eyre, 62–91. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0319.03.
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This chapter explains the theory of language and translation that underpins the volume. Language is a continuum of difference, and translation is a bordering practice that contributes to the organisation of that continuum; it defines boundaries between languages by the act of crossing them. Furthermore, a translation is never simply into a language; it is always into a more particular linguistic repertoire. The chapter goes on to assert the fundamental importance of paying close attention to language in a world literary context. It provides a reading of the language politics of Jane Eyre as Charlotte Brontë wrote it, showing that, while the novel is open to language difference (including the radical difference of Bertha’s speech), Jane as a character has to adopt a narrower conception of linguistic discipline. The chapter concludes by arguing that translations expand the signifying potential of the source text – a process that will be fully explored in the essays and chapters to come.
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Rabadán, Rosa. "Chapter 2. Light Verb Constructions in English-Spanish translation." In Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 34–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.113.02rab.
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Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) are combinations of a partially delexicalized verb and a noun indicating an action or an event (e. g., give a description). Studies modelled on the Meaning-Text theory and qualia roles of the Generative Lexicon model propose that LVCs combine nouns and verbs according to shared underlying, underspecified semantic features. This paper explores these features’ role in translating English LVCs into Spanish. Data come from the parallel corpus P-ACTRES 2.0, including fiction and nonfiction materials. Results indicate that translation choices for LVCs with have, take, make/do, and give are governed by the same notions of transference, inception, and volition that determine their combinatorial compatibility. Register also seems to influence the choice. This information may prove significant to machine translation, bi/multilingual writing support, and post-editing.
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Matthews, Alastair. "Medieval Denmark and its Languages." In Openness in Medieval Europe, 103–23. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-23_06.
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This chapter makes the case for a literary history that accounts for the multilingual nature of medieval Denmark, giving particular attention to Danish, German, and Latin. It relates such a project to current research interests such as crossing the boundaries of national philologies; demonstrates the need for it by reviewing existing surveys of the period; and outlines some lines of enquiry, including the translation and transmission of texts, that it could pursue.
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Gaudio, Paola. "2. Who Cares What Shape the Red Room is?" In Prismatic Jane Eyre, 184–207. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0319.05.
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The aim of this essay is to identify patterns of textual variation that affect both the source text(s) and its translations. Starting with the substitution of the word ‘spare’ with ‘square’ in the ‘red-room’ episode, textual variations are analysed in a selection of English editions of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre published by prestigious publishing houses such as Collins, Harper, Oxford, Norton Critical, and Penguin―from the second half of the nineteenth-century to the most recent editions, including e-books (Amazon) and *.txt files (Project Gutenberg). Variations in English editions are compared against the original Brontë’s manuscript (1847) and tracked down in eleven Italian translations.
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Roberts, Ian, Andres Garcia Silva, Cristian Berrìo Aroca, Jose Manuel Gómez-Pérez, Miroslav Jánoší, Dimitris Galanis, Rémi Calizzano, Andis Lagzdiņš, Milan Straka, and Ulrich Germann. "Language Technology Tools and Services." In European Language Grid, 131–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_7.
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AbstractAt the time of writing, the European Language Grid includes more than 800 LT services of varied types, including machine translation (MT), automatic speech recognition (ASR), text-to-speech synthesis (TTS), and text analysis ranging from simple tokenisers and part-of-speech taggers through to complete named entity recognition and sentiment analysis systems. This chapter gives a high-level summary of the development of the ELG service catalogue over time and digs deeper to discuss the process of service integration by looking at a few example services.
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Fraade, Steven D. "Texts, Translations, Notes, and Commentary." In The Damascus Document, 23–156. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198734338.003.0002.
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The chapter provides a critical representation of the text(s), based on manuscript comparison and consulting of digital images, an English translation that cleaves to the original Hebrew while rendering it in accessible prose. Critical Notes to both the Hebrew text and its English translation, and a Commentary that seeks to highlight and interconnect the overarching themes and rhetorical strategies of the text, as it might have been communally performed in the intellectual and ritual life of the Qumran community (or communities). Suggestions for Further Reading are incorporated into each section. The Notes, which form the largest part of this chapter, identify and analyze the plenitude of both explicit (citation) and implicit (allusion) scriptural interpretation, both legal and non-legal, as well as convergences and divergences with a panoply of ancient Jewish sources, including, in addition to the Hebrew Bible, other scrolls, other second temple Jewish literature, New Testament, and early rabbinic sources, the last of which is a particular feature of this commentary in comparison to its antecedents (see Ancient Source indices). These cross-references will serve to better understand and appreciate the Damascus Document in its broader historical and cultural contexts. The Comments on each editorial unit seek to frame the text in relation to broader consideration of the identity formation, reinforcement, and transmission of both individuals and communities, of both veteran members and novices. Particular attention is given to the seeming polemical nature of much of the text, as well as its intra-mural educational purposes. The commentary takes seriously the self-designation of the community, through this text (CD [MS B] 20:10, 13), as a studying and practicing community, “the house of the Torah.” Another important feature of the Damascus Document, and hence its commentary, is the different types and functions of human leadership of the community which sees both it leaders and itself as divinely elect and in possession of esoteric wisdom and discernment.
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Marissen, Michael. "Annotated Literal Translation of the Libretto." In Lutheranism, Anti-Judaism, and Bach’s St. John Passion, 37–70. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114713.003.0002.
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Abstract The purpose of this translation is to present Bach’s St. John Passion libretto in as close to a literal rendition of the German as is possible in American English (including some shifts from past to historical present tense that Luther took over from the New Testament’s Greek). The style and syntax will therefore often leave a great deal to be desired. The translation is also designed to make as convenient as possible a line-by-line comparison of the German and English texts. Luther’s translation of the gospel of John’s passion narrative and mine of Luther’s are printed in italics. Luther’s text and, therefore, my translation do not necessarily correspond to any of today’s English or German translations of the Bible. The libretto’s chorale responses to the biblical narrative are set in bold type, and the aria and arioso responses in regular type. Many published translations of Bach’s St. John Passion were designed to accommodate foreign-language renderings of the work (e.g., they focus on aligning syllabic with musical rhythms, particularly in the arias and chorales). For these and other reasons, such translations often substantially alter the meanings of the German libretto and thus hamper proper interpretation of the work.
Conference papers on the topic "- Texts (including translations)"
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Storozhuk, Alexander. "PU SONGLING’S LITERARY HERITAGE AND ITS TRANSLATIONS INTO RUSSIAN." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.06.
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While speaking of Pu Songling’s (1640–1715) impact on the Chinese literature one can’t help mentioning his short stories about fox turnskins and other wonders, known in English as Strange Tales from the Chinese Studio (Liao Zhai zhi yi). Commonly here the general survey concludes, and the main efforts are directed to analysis of the author’s pencraft and concealed political implications, since most of the plots are believed to be not original but adopted from earlier oeuvre. Thus the two major implied notions can be worded in the following fashion: 1) Strange Tales are the only work by Pu Songling to be mentioned and 2) they happen to be quite a secondary piece of literature based on borrowed stories and twisted about to serve the new main objective — mockery on social and political routine of the author’s present. The chief idea of the article is to cast a doubt on both of these notions and to show diversity and richness of Pu Songling’s genres and subjects as well as finding out the basis of these texts’ attractiveness for readers for more than 300 years. The other goal of the paper is to give a short overview of Pu Songling’s translations into Russian and their influence on the literary tradition of modern Russian prose. The main focus is put on the difficulties any translator is to face, on the quest for the optimal form of reproduction of the original’s peculiarities. Since the language of Pu Songling’s stories is Classical Chinese (wenyan), the author’s mastership in reproduction of different speech styles including common vernacular is also to be mentioned and analyzed.
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Pokrivcakova, Silvia. "PERCEPTION OF ONLINE MACHINE TRANSLATORS BY NON-NATIVE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY AND FUTURE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end013.
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"For centuries, print dictionaries were the primary assisting tool for those who needed to find the meaning of an unknown word or translate something from or to a target language. These days, various technological solutions are available, many of them online and free of charge. Online machine translators (OMTs) are used as dictionaries to look up individual words or translate texts of various lengths. OMTs have changed the situation in foreign language education, too. The paper aims to discover how OMTs are perceived and used by non-native speaking university students of English in teacher-training and philology programmes and identify possible differences. First, the paper summarizes the main directions in the ever-growing research on perceiving OMTs in foreign language education. Second, it presents partial results of the online survey conducted among future teachers of English and students of English philology (English language and culture). The results proved that both groups of respondents use a wide range of OMTs, with Google Translate being the most popular. In general, respondents showed positive attitudes towards OMTs and were satisfied with their outcomes; however, teacher trainees were more critical when the quality of translations was considered and they were more aware of the need for post-editing. Future teachers of English also showed more reserve for using OMTs as means of FL learning (learning new vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, reading, writing, translating). Only a tiny part of respondents (all future teachers) saw OMTs as a threat to effective foreign language learning. The results proved a more “conservative” perception of OMTs by future teachers of English (which may explain why some practising teachers ban using OMTs in their classrooms, fearing that their students could become dependent on them). Students of English philology (English language and culture) manifested less critical attitudes towards OMT in all observed categories. They focused more on speed and comfort than the quality of translation. This result points to the need to instruct students on using OMTs properly (including post-editing) to get the best possible translating and learning outcomes. The paper presents partial results of the research project KEGA 019TTU-04/2021 Integrating new digital tools into philological research and education sponsored by the Slovak Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport."
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Anisimova, Alexandra, and Olga Vishnyakova. "Corpus in Translation Classroom: A Case Study of Translating Economic Terms." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.029.
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The article deals with the role of corpus in translation and translation studies. The paper focuses on different aspects which should be taken into consideration when compiling a representative corpus. The researchers focus on the role the corpus of professional texts plays when choosing translation equivalents for terms, including just created and not yet registered in terminological dictionaries. The aim of the research is to elaborate the approach to the use of corpus material in the course of translation in specialized and professional fields, with particular attention to some aspects of translation competence development. The analysis based on the comparative, definitional and contextual methods proved that parallel text corpora provide professional experts, as well as students of translation, with reliable knowledge of linguistic units functioning and semantic meaning actualization within certain contexts in the Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) domain. The studies have shown that a comparative statistical analysis of a corpus of professional texts might be recommended when looking for an adequate equivalent for a term. The scope of application of the methodology suggested is not confined to certain terminological systems or fields of knowledge. The translation competence development that includes compiling text corpora and making adequate choices by students dealing with appropriate instructions on the part of the teacher, as the task concerns with high level of knowledge acquisition as refers to both linguistic and translation expertise.
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Momcilovic, Nikoleta, and Dina Petrovic. "FACEBOOK AS A SUPPORT TO STUDENTS LEARNING GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-105.
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There is no doubt that university students represent a population that is particularly sensitized to the use of social networks, including Facebook, as the most popular. Students usually use Facebook for the purposes of entertainment, but also for communication and gaining new information that promotes and enhance the quality of the learning process in different areas. A large number of studies in developed countries indicate the benefits of Facebook in the area of cooperative learning and the exchange of information and learning materials in social, technical sciences, as well as in the sciences of language. Consequently, the aim of this study is to determine students' attitudes about using Facebook for learning German as a foreign language. Data obtained on a selected sample of 110 students of the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of Law, University of Nis, who learn German as a foreign language, confirmed the initial hypothesis that Facebook provides significant support to the learning process. Data show that a large percentage of surveyed students used Facebook communication for the exchange of different content and information, learning materials such as translations, professional texts and others. According to the survey there are no differences in the attitudes of students in relation to the independent variables (belonging to the department and years of study), which supports the view that students actively use Facebook, regardless of the subject they study, and whether they are freshmen or senior. Research findings, however, suggest that students still do not sufficiently exploit the advantages of Facebook and the new technologies that support the development of quality learning. In order for this issue to be resolved, greater involvement across the entire higher education system is required.
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Veckrācis, Jānis. "Teaching and Studying Translation: a Dual Approach." In 81th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2023.51.
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When translation is considered in the context of university studies, the key questions – how to teach and how to study translation – become two closely related perspectives, equally essential for teachers of translation. This close association between the perspectives of the teacher and the student is also linked to the requirement to be aware of the decision-making routines used by student translators. Teachers need to anticipate potential issues and equip students with problem-solving methods; in general terms, this means a specific way of thinking and acting for translators. Though highly individual, there are some common features and approaches. This paper is aimed at providing, based on brief references to theoretical literature, analytic insights into several aspects of teaching translation in tertiary education that make an essential contribution to enhanced competence of student translators. It does this by examining, first, the primary aspects of translation studies and translation to be discussed with students; second, a number of the most important approaches and techniques for ensuring productive studies; and third, illustrative translation units. The paper covers some key terminological, contextual, co-textual, and editorial considerations for developing student awareness regarding the prerequisites for efficient translation procedures and for quality translations. In practical terms, tertiary translation studies should be aimed at undertaking course activities that ensure advancement of students’ competence, including general background knowledge and specific skills. Structured theoretical and analytical insights into translation and ready-made sets of priorities and approaches save time for students in understanding the essence of translation and the factors that determine the quality of the target language-for-special-purposes or literary text. In particular, discussions should emphasise interpretative aspects, the poeticity of text, function-based, process-oriented, and product-based approaches, the technique of key focus areas, ways of encouraging flexibility and avoiding literal translation, contextual and co-textual considerations, and text revision.
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Liu, Shushu, Hai Huang, Tong Qiu, and Yin Gao. "Study on Ballast Particle Movement at Different Locations Beneath Crosstie Using “SmartRock”." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5749.
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Ballast compaction and particle rearrangement cause ballast to rotate and move vertically and horizontally. Ballast movement, including translation and rotation, has a significant effect on track performance. Large movement of ballast particles leads to track geometry roughness, e.g., hanging ties, and thus increases potential of damage and deterioration to rails, ties and fastening components. This study investigated ballast particle movement at different locations beneath a crosstie. In the paper, a wireless device — “SmartRock” was utilized to monitor ballast movement under cyclic loading in laboratory tests. The SmartRock has a shape of a realistic ballast particle. Inside the SmartRock was imbedded a tri-axial accelerometer, tri-axial gyroscope, and tri-axial magnetometer with 9 degrees of freedom so that particle translation, rotation and orientation can be interpreted, relatively. The real-time measurements were recorded by the SmartRock and then sent to a computer via Bluetooth. In the laboratory tests, a ballast box was constructed. In the ballast box, a half section of a typical railroad track was constructed. Five hundred cyclic load repetitions were applied on the top of the rail. Translational and rotational accelerations of the particle were recorded by the “SmartRock”. Three ballast box tests were conducted. Two SmartRocks were placed beneath the middle of tie and the edge of tie, respectively but at different depths during each test — right under the tie, 12 cm beneath the tie and 25 cm beneath the tie. The results indicated that (1) ballast particles had translational as well as rotational modes under cyclic loading; (2) ballast particles had rotation together with horizontal translation; (3) particle rotation were higher beneath the edge of tie than those beneath the middle of tie; (4) Ballast movement were significantly reduced with depth. The paper also further confirmed that the SmartRock was capable of recording real-time translational and rotational accelerations, which would not have altered the motions of surrounding ballast particles due to its realistic shape of a particle, hence, provided a new means to monitor ballast particle movement in railroad engineering.
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Fadeil Alawneh, Mouiad, and Tengku Mohd. "Hybrid-Based Machine Translation Systems." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE (CIC-COCOS'24). Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cocos2024/paper.1517.
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Machine Translation (MT) is described as the method by which computer software is employed to convert text from one natural language to the other. This process includes taking into consideration each language's grammatical framework and applying examples, rules, as well as grammatical principles to adapt the grammatical structure from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL). In this paper, a method for translating well-formed English sentences into coherent Arabic sentences is introduced, utilizing grammar-based as well as example-based translation techniques to address issues related to word order and grammatical agreement. The methodology suggested is both adaptable and capable of being expanded. The primary benefits include: firstly, a hybrid approach merges the strengths of rule-based (RBMT) as well as example-based (EBMT) methodologies. Secondly, it offers the flexibility to adapt to various languages with only slight adjustments. The OAK Parser analyzes incoming English text to identify the part of speech (POS) for each word, serving as an initial step in translation, utilizing the C# programming language. To maintain data integrity, validation rules are implemented in both the database architecture as well as the programming. A key objective for this system is its capability to function independently, including its seamless integration with broader MT systems for English sentences.
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Zolotarev, Oleg. "Research and development of linguo-statistical methods for forming a portrait of a subject area." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2773c5a7b3.23896517.
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The project aims to solve the fundamental scientific problem of semantic modeling, within the framework of which a methodology is developed for the automated identification of translation links (translation correspondences), as well as hierarchical, synonymous and associative links from Internet texts and the construction of multilingual associative hierarchical portraits of subject area (MAHPSA), in particular, on autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (UUV). Accounting for multilingual and heterogeneous resources allows you to get a more complete picture of what is happening in the subject area, to identify the sources of the origin of ideas, the speed and directions of their distribution, to identify significant documents and promising directions. The solution to the problem is based on an integrated approach that combines the methods of statistics, corpus linguistics and distributive semantics, and is implemented in technology that involves the development of linguo-statistical mechanisms for the formation of a multilingual associative hierarchical portrait of a subject area, which is a dictionary of significant terms of the subject area, the elements of which organized in synonymous series (synsets), including translational correspondences, as well as associative and hierarchical relationships.
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Meshkova, Irina, Olga Sheremetieva, and Larissa Spynu. "TRAINING IN RENDERING AND TRANSLATION AT NON-LINGUISTIC FACULTIES DURING THE 2020 PANDEMIC." In ADVED 2020- 6th International Conference on Advances in Education. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47696/adved.2020108.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching French at non-linguistic faculties, the analysis of the concepts of rendering, retelling (resumé, compte-rendu, synthèse), rendering translation of texts using an interdisciplinary approach in the context of the development of digital technologies in the modern educational space, in particular, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Extraordinary circumstances have set before teachers from many countries of the world, including Russian teachers, the task of modernizing pedagogical processes as part of the transition to a distance learning format using one or another electronic educational platform. The problem arises from integrating educational and methodological materials into the concept of distance learning, taking into account various digital resources and stages of development of information and communication technologies. A distinctive feature of the situation is the blurring of boundaries between traditional and distance approaches both in whole education, and in particular in teaching foreign languages. Teaching rendering as the most important type of speech activity, working with foreign language texts for the purpose of their subsequent rendering, is necessary to prepare students for research activities. Rendering translation plays an important teaching role and has significant potential. In the French language classes at the non-linguistic faculties of the RUDN University, texts of various genres are offered for rendering translation, for example, literary, journalistic, as well as scientific texts on relevant topics. As a result, students must learn to submit an informative abstract/summary (summary-synopsis), which contains in a generalized form all the main provisions of the original text. In the course of rendering translation, the student carries out semantic or informational processing of the text, learns to avoid violations of the theme-rhematic sequence, maintain the coherence of the text, correctly organizing information in paragraphs and preserving subject-logical connections. In addition to the skills of rendering translation, students are trained in language mediation, which is carried out by reformulating it in the form of a resume or report. The use of digital educational technologies and traditional pedagogical approaches within the framework of ensuring the concept of lifelong education helps to solve the problem, regardless of the location of the teacher and student. Under the conditions of distance learning during the COVID 19 period, the authors developed and successfully applied a system of exercises and tasks aimed at the formation and development of rendering skills, rendering translation, language mediation in French classes for students of non-linguistic faculties of RUDN University.
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Tereshko, Ekaterina V. "(NON-)TRANSLATION OF MURALS POETRY IN THE NETHERLANDS: BACKGROUND AND REALISATION." In Second Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. P. Berkov. St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063589.
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When you come to the Netherlands, you don’t expect to see poems in Russian, Chinese, Berber, or North American Indian on city walls. Even more surprising is the lack of translation or explanation of these texts. However, the (non)translation of murals in the Netherlands has a social background: at the same time when the poetry projects were most active, there was a heated discussion in the Netherlands about the possibility of creating a multicultural society. This idea dictated to the creators of the projects the image of a potential reader and obviated the need to translate poetry. In this article we will look at the ideas behind Dutch poetry projects, as well as the realization and functions of (un) translated murals. The collapse of the idea of a multicultural society has led to the need to translate poetry through various means, including modern online media. This allows us to speak of the intermediality of poetry and the mutual influence of the original text and the translation.