Academic literature on the topic 'Textometric study'

Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) has significantly reshaped our understanding of second language learning and teaching across the micro, meso, and macro levels for several decades since its systematic introduction by Larsen-Freeman and Cameron (2008). This study conducts a comprehensive review of empirical research on second language learning and teaching within the framework of CDST from 2008 to 2022. Textometric analysis, a computer-supported qualitative method for textual analysis, was employed to conduct the review by using the IRAMUTEQ software. A total of 198 publications were identified, leading to the emergence of three prominent research themes: research on the language system, research on the second language learner and learning, and research on the second language teacher and teaching. The chronological trends and distinguishing features of the three research themes were discussed against a mainstream model of language learning and teaching at the micro, meso, and macro levels (The Douglas Fir Group, 2016). The findings of this review hold the potential for enlightening future research endeavors in this field.

ABSTRACT: Our contribution concerns the analysis of personal deictics asindicators of the construction of the contractual stake that should govern theinaugural speech, a psycho-social discourse rather than political advertising.Thus, between "I / You", this work resizes the enunciative system of the oath, thePresident of the Republic, acting subject. While taking inspiration from thework of E. Goffman 1987, L. Mondada 2002, P. Charaudeau 2006, C. Lokonon2016 and M. Angenot 2017, this descriptive and textometric study describes therealization of the locutionary space of Patrice Talon. RÉSUMÉ : Notre étude porte sur l’analyse des déictiques personnels comme indicateurs de la construction de l’enjeu contractuel devant régir le discours d’investiture en tant que discours publicitaire politique. Ce travail décrit le système énonciatif mis en oeuvre par le préposé au serment, le Président de la République, sujet parlant. Tout en nous inspirant des travaux d’E. Goffman 1987, L. Mondada 2002, P. Charaudeau 2006, C. Lokonon 2016 et M. Angenot 2017, cette étude descriptive et textométrique dit la réalisation de l’espace locutionnaire de Patrice Talon.

This paper presents a corpus-based empirical research, which uncovers the key concepts structuring the French military song discourse. We view this type of discourse as an integral element of military discourse containing institutional and non-institutional segments. The actualization of statutory relationships is the most striking example of institutionalization. Therefore, we have started our research from the hypothesis that the officially regulated (statutory) and less regulated parts of the military song discourse may manifest some conceptual differences. The selection of this subject is determined by its contribution to understanding the French military's cultural peculiarities, as well as by the lack of exploitations regarding the French military song discourse. Within the contemporary cognitive paradigm, the designatum is regarded as a pointer to the concept, which allows grasping a concept globally, without reconstructing its elements. Thus, the analysis of lexemes frequency may serve to identify the inherent concepts structuring some kind of discourse. Using a freely distributed textometric platform TXM (version 0.7.9), we have created a linguistic corpus of 462 texts of French service songs totaling 88305 tokens. Then, we have divided our corpus into two parts, depending on the statutory belonging of the texts. The statistical scores were calculated by applying the hypergeometric probability distribution law. The analysis of statistically significant lemmas has permitted to draw the lexical profile of each part and to identify thereby the most specific concepts. Moreover, we have complemented our research by routine frequency and contextual analysis in order to reveal the additional basic background concepts. Our study leads us to the conclusion that the French military song discourse foregrounds 8 main concepts, but the conceptual structure of each part reveals some differences due to the specifics of the institutional requirements and the military ethos.

The adequate assessment and management of indoor air quality in healthcare facilities is of utmost importance for patient safety and occupational health purposes. This study aims to identify the recent trends of research on the topic through a systematic literature review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. A total of 171 articles published in the period 2015–2020 were selected and analyzed. Results show that there is a worldwide growing research interest in this subject, dispersed in a wide variety of scientific journals. A textometric analysis using the IRaMuTeQ software revealed four clusters of topics in the sampled articles: physicochemical pollutants, design and management of infrastructures, environmental control measures, and microbiological contamination. The studies focus mainly on hospital facilities, but there is also research interest in primary care centers and dental clinics. The majority of the analyzed articles (85%) report experimental data, with the most frequently measured parameters being related to environmental quality (temperature and relative humidity), microbiological load, CO2 and particulate matter. Non-compliance with the WHO guidelines for indoor air quality is frequently reported. This study provides an overview of the recent literature on this topic, identifying promising lines of research to improve indoor air quality in healthcare facilities.

The article aims to review the experience of creating and launching the ProSiberia platform, and to discuss the prospects for its further development. Based on the aggregation of digital sources of Siberian origin, the ProSiberia project aims to create a research platform that will bring together scholars, content curators (libraries, museums, archives) and society in order to study Siberia and position the region in the global information space. Work on the platform began in 2020 within the framework of the Program for Increasing the Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State Unversity by the staff of the Tomsk State University Research Library. Now the platform has implemented opportunities both for humanitarian researchers and for civic science representatives (volunteers). For researchers, access to digital copies of texts about Siberia with detailed description and full-text search is organized; it is possible to create one’s own collections of texts; there are some text collaboration tools. It is also possible to find researchers with similar interests and exchange views. A volunteer can edit texts, operate a blog, participate in challenges. The platform is also being filled with new texts. Prospects for the development of the project are considered; they were formulated based on the results of surveys and focus groups. The main directions of development include: work on improving the quality of texts (attracting volunteers for their correct recognition); aggregation of digital tools for the humanities in one place for effective work with texts; attraction of partners; integration into the educational process. The most difficult issue is the aggregation of digital tools. The article lists their most interesting groups: tools for creating and working with digital facsimiles, textometric tools, and a number of tools for working with digitized manuscripts. Thus, at the moment, the initial version of the ProSiberia platform has been created. It allows implementing remotely the basic functions characteristic for any research in the field of humanities. However, most probably, the most important and difficult will be the next stage of the work, which includes, among other things, the aggregation of digital tools for working with the text of interest for the researcher. Therefore, it is extremely important to have a broad discussion in the professional community of both the work already done within the ProSiberia project and the further prospects for its development.

As corpora of medieval texts became available online, and platforms for textometric analysis (TXM, among others) were developed in the last decade, it has become possible to explore old historiographical issues from a new perspective. This study explores the actions of medieval dominants and the forces they used to perform those actions. The author unites a corpus of the author unites a corpus of the charters of prelates of the French dioceses from the period following the “documentary revolution”, because the general increase in the number of charters since the 12th century enables the author to work at the level of particular social groups. The charters of bishops and archbishops and the charters of abbots and abbesses of the 13th century were collected from online editions of medieval French cartularies (from the Chartae Galliae, the Cartulaires d'Île-de-France, and the Cartulaire blanc). The author generated lists of the most frequent verbs and nouns in the ablative and examined the most common adverb co-occurrences for the most frequent verbs of the two corpora. As a result of the study, a number of observations were obtained. 1) Along with the group of verbs that denote the activity of creating a charter and of disseminating the information, the most frequent verbs refer to the activities of giving, ordering and confirming in the corpus of bishops. These three main activities were distinguished by analyzing the structure of verb binomials in the corpus. 2) The activities of abbots appear to be different from those of bishops: the verbs of ordering are far less frequent, while the verbs of selling and exchanging are more common. While bishops form the dominant group within the whole society, the activities of the abbots in society are less conspicuous (abbots dominate within their monasteries). 3) The auctoritas, although an important power force that enables the majority of power actions, is not the only one used by prelates: members of the Church acted by voluntas; a large amount of actions requires consent or counsel. Finally, the promise requires the force of fides, etc. 4) The 13th century society was the one where all actions were judged as more or less spiritual, and where the less spiritual power actions and practices of the prelates were also ‘spiritualised’. Although different groups of verbs attract different kinds of adverbs (e.g. one should serve ‘honestly and devotedly’, one possesses ‘peacefully’, one commands and orders ‘firmly and rigorously’), they all have positive connotations. The charters serve to reproduce a system where the spiritual plays a dominant role and where attaining the celestial realm is the central goal of all actions (documents on the exercise of power belong to the same system as theological texts).

The article utilizes quantitative methods of analysis to obtain objective indices which make it possible to evaluate a separate text and the style of the author. The author applies the techniques of textometry (analysis of PoS ratio, type of description, cumulative sum) in order to establish the degree of text stability /dynamics and stability / variability of individual style in general. The database includes verse texts of Vladimir Nabokov created during different periods of creative activity. Poetry was an essential and inseparable part of his writing (as the writer and poet stated himself) which proves the non-accidental character of parameters of his poetic texts and their high relevance for the study of his style. Only texts not less than 30 lines are included in the database in order to avoid fluctuations in frequency of linguistic elements and ensure comparability of the research material. The use of Busemann and variability coefficients made it possible to define the ratio of verbal / nominal description in the texts, while analysis of cumulative sum – the ratio of nouns / verbs in the texts in dynamics (from the beginning to its end). The calculated power function provides precise approximation of the data. The obtained results support the conclusion about the existence of hidden tendencies in the distribution of words of different parts of speech in Nabokov's text, about the growth of variability of their frequencies in the second period of Nabokov’s creative activity, as well as about steady strengthening of the tendency of text verbality growth over the lifespan of the poet.

The present study was based on empirical data collected during the first phase (2016) of Study 1000, part of the 13-November Program: a corpus of 934 individual interviews conducted 6-11 months after the events. To process this empirical material, the authors used integrated TXM software, which provides several classic textometry tools. They mainly used the lexical specificity analysis tool, which statistically measures the irregularity of the word distribution according to the parts of the corpus. They also analyzed the concordances of certain very specific lexical forms. Analysis revealed the important influence of social roles on the construction of memories and narratives of this event. Application of textometry tools highlighted lexical fields specific to the different social roles played by the interviewees in this social drama, and showed that it was through these specific vocabularies that they remembered and recounted this extraordinary story. Social roles therefore influence the formation of memories both individual and collective, by modulating the way in which individuals select what to remember and what to forget. The article opens up several interesting avenues for future analyses, mainly a longitudinal perspective (including phases 2 and 3 of Study 1000) for the study of flashbulb memories and the gender issue to fine-tune the analysis of social roles.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impact of tax digitalization, focusing on artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and blockchain technologies, on enhancing tax compliance behavior in various contexts. It seeks to understand how these emerging digital tools influence taxpayer behaviors and compliance levels and to assess their effectiveness in reducing tax evasion and avoidance practices. Design/methodology/approach Using a systematic review technique with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, this study evaluates 62 papers collected from the Scopus database. The papers were analyzed through textometry of titles, abstracts and keywords to identify prevailing trends and insights. Findings The review reveals that digitalization, particularly through AI and blockchain, significantly enhances tax compliance and operational efficiency. However, challenges persist, especially in emerging economies, regarding the adoption and integration of these technologies in tax systems. The findings indicate a global trend toward digital Tax Administration 3.0, emphasizing the importance of regulatory frameworks, capacity building and simplification for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Practical implications The findings provide guidance for policymakers and tax administrations, underscoring the necessity of strategic planning, regulatory backing and global cooperation to effectively use digital technologies in tax compliance. Emphasizing the need for tailored support for SMEs, the study also calls for expanded research in less represented areas and specific sectors, such as SMEs and developing economies, to deepen global insights into digital tax compliance. Originality/value This study has attempted to fill the gap in the literature on the comprehensive impact of fiscal digitalization, particularly AI-based, on tax compliance across different global contexts, adding to the discourse on digital taxation.

We present various empirical methods and tools that can objectify and optimize the evaluation of translated texts as parallel translation corpora produced by professional translators or by a machine translation service. The proposed methods and tools are based on an empirical analysis of information processing in translated texts and on the utilitarian role of machine translation and its methods, and they can be implemented in a tool-based translation evaluation apparatus in a professional context. The salient part of these methods (which can be deployed automatically or manually) relies on the comparison of two parameters that are measurable in most natural languages, namely the length of the segments in characters and the number of lexical words they contain. Our recent work (Poirier, 2017 and Poirier, 2021) has shown that these parameters have a strong positive correlation in translation (above 0.9 as a rule, and most often exceeding 0.95): the more characters or lexical words the source segment contains, the more characters or lexical words the translation contains. The measurement of the lexical words and the information volume of the translations allows distinguishing heteromorphic translations (more or less information) from isomorphic segments (same information content). The manual and partially automatic analysis of heteromorphic segments opens up new empirical horizons in the professional evaluation of translations as well as in the contrastive study of discourse and textual translation techniques (e.g., in phraseology, textometry and stylistics). MT can be integrated into various stages before and after the evaluation of translated texts. Upstream, it can be used as an element of comparison of mandatory or optional informational gaps (cultural or personal bias in the target language-culture) in professional translation. Downstream, it can provide the revised translation or revision with counterexamples that negatively justify the suitability or conventionality of the divergent formulations. Nous présentons différentes méthodes et outils empiriques qui sont susceptibles d’objectiver et d’optimiser l'évaluation des textes traduits en tant que corpus de traduction parallèles produits par des traducteurs professionnels ou par un service de traduction automatique. Les méthodes et outils proposés prennent appui sur une analyse empirique du traitement de l’information dans les textes traduits ainsi que sur le rôle utilitaire de la traduction automatique et de ses méthodes, et elles peuvent être mises en œuvre dans un appareillage outillé d'évaluation des traductions dans un contexte professionnel. La partie saillante de ces méthodes (qui peuvent être déployées automatiquement ou manuellement) repose sur la comparaison de deux paramètres mesurables dans la plupart des langues naturelles, à savoir la longueur des segments en caractères et le nombre de mots lexicaux qu'ils contiennent. Nos travaux récents (Poirier, 2017 et Poirier, 2021) ont montré que ces paramètres ont une forte corrélation positive en traduction (supérieure à 0,9 en règle générale, et dépassant le plus souvent 0,95) : plus le segment source contient de caractères ou de mots lexicaux, plus la traduction contient de caractères ou de mots lexicaux. La mesure des mots lexicaux et du volume informationnel des traductions permet de distinguer les traductions hétéromorphes (information en surplus ou en moins) des segments isomorphes (même contenu informationnel). L'analyse manuelle et partiellement automatique des segments hétéromorphes ouvre de nouveaux horizons empiriques dans l'évaluation professionnelle des traductions ainsi que dans l'étude contrastive des techniques de traduction discursives et textuelles (en phraséologie, en textométrie et en stylistique, par exemple). La TA peut s'intégrer à différentes étapes en amont et en aval de l’évaluation des textes traduits. En amont, elle peut servir d'élément de comparaison des écarts informationnels obligatoires ou facultatifs (biais culturels ou personnels en langue-culture cible) de la traduction professionnelle. En aval, elle peut fournir à la traduction révisée ou à la révision des contre-exemples qui justifient par la négative le caractère convenable ou conventionnel des formulations divergentes.

Les recherches sur l’écriture scolaire ont longtemps privilégié des analyses qualitatives enraison des difficultés d’exploitation quantitative en traitement automatique du langage. Cesdifficultés étaient principalement dues au caractère non normé de ces écrits qui les rendaitjusqu’à présent réfractaires à la numérisation, à l’étiquetage et même à l’analyse (Elalouf &Boré, 2007). Un traitement avec le logiciel iTrameur, établi en collaboration avec le laboratoire CLESTHIA (Doquet, David & Fleury, 2017), nous a permis d’effectuer l’analyse textométrique d’un corpus d’écrits scolaires constitué de dix séries de dossiers génétiques comportant chacun l’ensemble des productions écrites d’une classe de l’avant-texte à la version finale. Ce corpus a été recueilli en classes de 6e et de 5e sur une durée de 3 ans dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative visant à expérimenter un dispositif d’accompagnement à l’autonomie scripturale.Il est venu compléter un premier corpus d’écrits scolaires, scanné, transcrit et annoté, réalisé dans le cadre de notre stage de master au laboratoire ÉMA, et déposé sur le site Ortolang proposé par Huma.Notre hypothèse est qu’un codage systématique des verbes de parole et d’état mental,s’appuyant sur la construction d’un lexique-grammaire (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997)ferait apparaître la variété des formes et des constructions attestées dans les usages langagiers des élèves. L’objectif de la thèse est de caractériser parmi ces emplois ceux des verbes hyperfréquents. Ces verbes, dont les travaux pionniers de Jacqueline Picoche (2002) ont montré l’importance dans l’organisation du lexique, ont la particularité d’être très polysémiques et d’entrer dans de nombreuses constructions. Notre analyse a consisté à comparer les constructions observées dans le corpus d’écrits scolaires à celles recensées dans des dictionnaires d’apprentissage ainsi que dans le corpus oral Orféo, en tenant compte de la fréquence des verbes que les élèves ont pu rencontrer dans leurs manuels de lecture du primaire grâce à la base Manulex. Nos résultats montrent que les structures fondamentales du français sont présentes dans notre corpus et que des réseaux lexicaux relient des verbes hyperfréquents à d’autres moins fréquents. Nous avons pu montrer que la présence ou l’absence de certains verbes était étroitement liée au genre de texte demandé par la consigne et aux possibilités de relecture, discussion orale et réécriture permises par le dispositif. Ces résultats confirment que le verbe est une catégorie majeure pour l’apprentissage du lexique et de l’écriture en raison de son rôle dans l’énonciation, la relation prédicative et l’organisation discursive
Research on academic writing has long favored qualitative analyzes due to the difficulties ofquantitative exploitation in automatic language processing. These difficulties were mainly due to the non-standardized nature of these writings which until now made them refractory to digitization, labeling and even analysis (Elalouf & Boré, 2007). Treatment with iTrameursoftware, established in collaboration with the CLESTHIA laboratory (Doquet, David &Fleury, 2017), allowed a textometric analysis of a corpus of school writings consisting of tenseries of genetic files, each containing all the written productions of a class from the preliminary text to the final version. This corpus was collected in classes of 6e and 5e over a period of 3 years as part of a collaborative research aimed at experimenting with a support system for scriptural autonomy. It came to complete a first corpus of school writings, scanned, transcribed and annotated, realized as part of our master's internship at the EMA laboratory, and deposited on the Ortolang website proposed by Huma. Our hypothesis is that a systematic coding of speech and mental state verbs, based on the construction of a lexicon-grammar (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997) would reveal the variety of forms and constructions attested in the language uses of students. The objective of the thesis is to characterize among these uses those of hyperfrequent verbs. These verbs, whose pioneering work of Jacqueline Picoche (2002) showed the importance in the organization of the lexicon, have the particularity of being very polysemic and entering into many constructions.Our analysis consisted in comparing the constructions observed in the corpus of school writings with those identified in learning dictionaries as well as in the Orféo oral corpus, taking into account the frequency of verbs that students were able to encounter in their primary reading textbooks thanks to the Manulex database. Our results show that the fundamental structures of French are present in our corpus and that lexical networks connect hyperfrequent verbs to less frequent ones. We were able to show that the presence or absence of certain verbs was closely related to the type of text requested by the instruction and the possibilities of rereading, oral discussion and rewriting allowed by the writing protocol. These results confirm that the verb is a major category for lexicon and writing learning because of its role in enunciation, predicative relationship and discursive organization

Les équivalences traductionnelles extraites à partir d’un corpus parallèle deviendraient une ressource précieuse permettant d’étudier différents contextes traductionnels envisagés entre les deux langues distinctes. L’utilisation des textes traductionnels constitue aujourd’hui un thème essentiel en traductologie et en études contrastives des langues. Les méthodes textométriques opèrent une série de calculs statistiques portant sur les unités textuelles dans un corpus parallèle segmenté en occurrences. Elles fournissent les indices quantitatifs permettant de mettre en évidence le lien traductionnel de ces unités. En examinant des formes bilingues issues des corpus parallèles français-coréens, nous avons vérifié l’utilité de cette méthodologie appliquée aux textes traductionnels en français-coréen. Elles ont effectivement donné un résultat positif, d’une part, et un résultat négatif, d’autre part, tout au long de nos travaux. Pourtant, grâce à ces méthodes, nous avons pu étudier divers liens traductionnels entre unités textuelles du français et du coréen. La plupart de méthodes automatisées consacrées au corpus parallèle en langues hétérogènes n’ont pas produit de résultat acceptable. À ce titre, la textométrie, qui vise à l’observation quantitative des éléments lexicaux d’un corpus, serait très intéressante lorsqu’il s’agit notamment d’un corpus parallèle en langues sans parenté
The translational equivalences extracted from a parallel corpus become a valuable resource enable to study the various translational contexts between the two distinct languages. The use of translational texts is now a principal subject in the translation studies and the contrastive studies of languages. The textometry operate a set of statistical calculations on the textual units in a parallel corpus divided into the tokens. They provide the quantitative evidence that verify the translational relation of the linguistic units. In exploring bilingual words in the French-Korean parallel corpora, we verified the usefulness of this methodology applied to the French-Korean translational texts. They produced actually a positive result, on the one hand, and a negative result, on the other hand, throughout our work. Yet, these methods made also observe the various translational relations of textual units between French and Korean. The most automated methods devoted to the parallel corpora of heterogeneous language pairs have not produced the approvable result. For the reason, the textometry, which aims to observe the lexical elements of a corpus from a statistical point of view, would be very practical method when we deal with a parallel corpus that consists of different language pairs

This chapter intends to study the representation and conceptualization of immigration in far-right political discourse in France. This corpus analysis aims to identify, with the help of linguistic software tools, the way migrants were depicted in Marine Le Pen’s speeches between 2015 and 2019, as well as the rhetorical strategies she implemented, and to compare them to those used in Emmanuel Macron’s speeches. The first part presents the political context, the corpus and the methodology. In the second part, the results of the textometric analysis of the corpus are developed. Finally, the third part consists in the analysis of the semantic domains of the corpus.

The aim of this study is to analyze the various discursive manifestations of the war metaphor X IS WAR within media and institutional discourse in three Frenchspeaking areas, using the Sketch Engine textometric analysis platform. Numerous studies, starting with the founding work of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) have highlighted the weight of conventional metaphor in argumentation techniques and the orientation of public opinion; numerous debates have also highlighted the potential drifts linked to the abusive use of metaphor, particularly war metaphor (Jamet 2006; Semino 2021). However, everyday discourse is still often populated with war metaphors, in a wide variety of fields. Our study focuses on the discursive realizations of the word struggle as a linguistic expression linked to the conceptual metaphor of war: we will analyze privileged collocations of this metaphor in the French language in three corpora based on media communication, as well as in three corpora of institutional discourse, in order to verify constants and divergences in diaphasic and diatopic perspective.

The aim of this study is to analyze the various discursive manifestations of the war metaphor X IS WAR within media and institutional discourse in three Frenchspeaking areas, using the Sketch Engine textometric analysis platform. Numerous studies, starting with the founding work of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) have highlighted the weight of conventional metaphor in argumentation techniques and the orientation of public opinion; numerous debates have also highlighted the potential drifts linked to the abusive use of metaphor, particularly war metaphor (Jamet 2006; Semino 2021). However, everyday discourse is still often populated with war metaphors, in a wide variety of fields. Our study focuses on the discursive realizations of the word struggle as a linguistic expression linked to the conceptual metaphor of war: we will analyze privileged collocations of this metaphor in the French language in three corpora based on media communication, as well as in three corpora of institutional discourse, in order to verify constants and divergences in diaphasic and diatopic perspective.