Dissertations / Theses: 'Textile surfaces'

1

Min, Hyerim Choi. "Encountered surfaces /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11971.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bobeck, Malin. "Binary surfaces - ljusemitterande textiler för inredningssammanhang." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-841.

Full text

Abstract:

Examensarbetet Binary surfaces - ljusemitterande textiler för inredningssammanhang är ett undersökande arbete om hur fiberoptik kan användas i vävda strukturer. I arbetet har de parametrar som påverkar mötet mellan fiberoptik och väv, samt de möjligheter de tillsammans skapar utforskats. Resultatet är två exempel på tyger vävda med fiberoptik i kombination med mer traditionella textila material. Exemplen är framtagna för inredningssammanhang och visas som en rumsavdelare och som yttertyg på sittmöbler.
The thesis Binary surfaces - light-emitting textiles for an interior design context is an investigative work on how optical fibres can be used in woven structures. The work explores the different parameters that affect the interaction between optical fibres and weaving, and the possibilities they create together. The result is two examples of fabrics woven with optical fibres in combination with more traditional textile materials. The examples are designed for an interior context and are shown as a room divider and as outer fabric on seating furnishing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Praëne, Jean Maurice. "Modélisation phénoménologique du comportement tribologique des surfaces textiles." Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/modelisation-phenomenologique-du-comportement-tribologique-des-surfaces-textiles/BUS4032052.

Full text

Abstract:

L’objectif de ce travail est d’améliorer la caractérisation mécanique du toucher des surfaces textiles en déterminant les forces d’interaction situées à l’interface entre le palpeur et l’étoffe. L’étude est restreinte au toucher à plat, sans l’aspect thermique. La partie expérimentale met en avant l’existence de la pilosité de surface. Ce paramètre négligé dans de nombreuses études est mis en évidence par une méthode permettant de calculer la flexion de la pilosité de surface d’étoffe présentant une surface dont la pilosité est orientée et longue. Cette méthode permet de confronter le paramètre de flexion de la pilosité vis à vis de la force de frottement. Une seconde méthode qui consiste à prendre en compte l’enfoncement du doigt dans la pilosité lors du frottement. Cette méthode propose un critère pertinent basé sur la contrainte de cisaillement existante lors frottement. Pour finir une troisième méthode qui consiste à venir mesurer l’énergie acoustique permet de classer les étoffes. Cette méthode est validée car elle suit les résultats obtenus par l’Homme lors de la caractérisation microneurographique du toucher d’étoffes similaires
The objective of this work is to improve the mechanical characterization of the touch of textile surfaces by determining the forces of interaction located at the interface between the probe and the fabric. The study is restricted to the touch flat, without the thermal aspect. The experimental part specially displayed the existence of the hairiness of surface. This parameter neglected in many studies is highlighted by a method allowing to calculate the bending of the hairiness of fabric surface which having a surface whose hairiness is directed and long. This method makes it possible to confront the bending force of hairiness with the force of friction. A second method consists in taking into account the depression of the finger in hairiness shows that the touch is a complex parameter, which cannot be only characterized by one simple friction. To finish a third method consists in to measure acoustic energy allows to classify the fabrics. This method is validated because it follows the results obtained by the human being during the microneurography characterization of the similar fabric touch

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Labay, Cédric. "Treatment of textile surfaces by plasma technology for biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277564.

Full text

Abstract:

Medical applications of technical textiles are an expanding field of research. One of the added values of these new materials would be that they were suitable to contain and release active compounds in a controlled and sustained manner. Drug incorporation and release from synthetic fibers is related to the interaction of the drug with the polymer and probably greatly depends on the surface chemistry of the fiber. Plasma technology is a tool that enables to modify physical and chemical properties of the first nanometers of the fibers without affecting the bulk of the material. Applied to the medical textile field, plasma treatment of polymer fibres can lead to the design of new textile-based drug delivery systems. The novelty of this PhD. Thesis rests upon the modification of the drug/fiber interactions by plasma treatment to allow the modulation of the loading and the release of active principles (pharmaceutics and cosmetics) from the textile-based drug delivery systems, without requiring the use of any further chemicals. This Thesis aims at the development of two families of textile-based drug delivery systems, based on a novel surface functionalization by plasma treatment, with suitable characteristics for topical use as medical devices, or for clinical application in soft tissue repair. It is therefore organized in two distinct parts. In both parts of this thesis a general scheme has been followed: we have investigated the surface modification of textile materials with different types of plasmas (atmospheric and low pressure plasma), characterizing the surface modifications achieved by different complementary techniques. The effects of the plasma treatment have been evaluated on the subsequent incorporation of active pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In the last step, the drug release to a standard medium has been studied by "in-vitro" dissolution assays. The first part is focused on medical textiles for topical application. Therein, the surface modification of polyamide 66 elastic-compressive knitted fabrics has been studied by corona plasma and low pressure plasma. The work has studied in parallel laboratory prepared fabrics and industrially finished fabrics, with views on the potential implementation of the proposed process in the textile industrial chain. Plasma treatment improved the release kinetics of anti-inflammatory pharmaceutic (ketoprofen) and of lipolitic cosmetic (caffeine) active principles, loaded in the polyamide 66 fabrics. A fundamental study comparing three different molecules of the same chemical family (caffeine, theobromine, pentoxifylline) has been performed regarding loading and release of the drugs. The second part focuses on textiles used as implants for soft tissue repair (e.g. hernia). The fiber surface of a polypropylene mesh has been modified by corona plasma and low-pressure plasma. The treatments evaluated had a major effect on the loading of antibiotic (ampicillin) by increasing it three times. As in vitro release kinetics of the drug was very fast, coating of the ampillicin-loaded polypropylene meshes with a biocompatible polymer was investigated by plasma polymerization.
Las aplicaciones médicas de los textiles técnicos son un campo de investigación en expansión. Uno de los valores añadidos de estos nuevos materiales puede ser su capacidad para contener y liberar principios activos farmacéuticos y cosméticos de una forma controlada y sostenida. La incorporación de fármacos y su liberación a partir de fibras sintéticas está relacionada con la interacción del fármaco con el polímero y puede depender en gran medida de la química de superficie de la fibra. La tecnología de plasma es una herramienta que permite modificar las propiedades físicas y químicas de los primero nanómetros de la superficie de las fibras sin afectar el interior del material. Aplicado al campo de los textiles médicos, el tratamiento con plasma de fibras poliméricas podría conducir al diseño de nuevos sistemas de liberación de fármacos basados en soportes textiles. La novedad de esta Tesis Doctoral se basa en la modificación de las interacciones fármaco / fibra por tratamiento de plasma para permitir la modulación de la incorporación y la liberación de los principios activos (farmacéuticos y cosméticos) a partir de sistemas de administración de fármacos basados en material textil, sin requerir el uso de productos químicos adicionales. Esta Tesis tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de dos familias de sistemas de liberación de fármacos basados en soportes textiles, por funcionalización de la superficie mediante tratamiento de plasma, con características adecuadas bien para uso tópico como dispositivos médicos, bien para aplicación clínica en la reparación de tejidos blandos. Por tanto, esta Tesis se organiza en dos partes bien diferenciadas. En ambas partes de esta Tesis se ha seguido el siguiente esquema general: en primer lugar se ha investigado primero la modificación superficial de los materiales textiles con diferentes tipos de plasmas (plasma corona y plasma de presión atmosférica), caracterizando las modificaciones de la superficie obtenidas mediante diferentes técnicas instrumentales. Los efectos del tratamiento con plasma se han evaluado entonces sobre la incorporación de principios activos farmacéuticos o cosméticos. En el último paso, se ha estudiado la liberación del fármaco mediante ensayos de disolución "in vitro". La primera parte de la Tesis Doctoral se centra en los textiles médicos para aplicación tópica. Para ello, se ha estudiado la modificación de la superficie de tejidos de punto elástico-compresivos de poliamida 66 con plasma corona y plasma de baja presión. En este trabajo experimental se han estudiado en paralelo tejidos preparados en laboratorio y tejidos industrialmente acabados, con vistas a la posible implementación del proceso propuesto en la cadena de producción industrial textil. Se ha observado que el tratamiento con plasma mejora la cinética de liberación de un fármaco anti-inflamatorio (ketoprofeno) y de un principio activo cosmético lipolítico (cafeína), incorporados en los tejidos de poliamida 66 tratados con plasma. Se ha desarrollado un estudio fundamental comparando tres moléculas diferentes de la misma familia química (cafeína, teobromina y pentoxifilina) con respecto a la incorporación al material textil y a la liberación del principio activo. La segunda parte se centra en los textiles utilizados como implantes para la reparación de tejidos blandos (por ejemplo, hernias abdominales). La superficie de la fibra de una malla de polipropileno approvada para su uso clínico ha sido modificada por el plasma corona y plasma de baja presión. Los tratamientos estudiados tuvieron un efecto importante sobre la carga de un antibiótico (ampicilina) mostrando un importante incremento del porcentaje de impregnación. La cinética de liberación in vitro del antibiótico de la malla de polipropileno a un medio líquido isotonico fue rápida. También se investigó la posibilidad de realizar un recubrimiento de la malla de polipropileno cargada con ampicilina mediante polimerización por plasma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Leroux, Frédéric. "Etude des traitements par plasma à pression atmosphérique : applications à l'industrie textile." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/edbbecfc-18d6-4b32-9d6c-b123269222ab.

Full text

Abstract:

Les propriétés de surface des textiles sont des facteurs primordiaux quant aux propriétés finales du matériau. L’état de surface du textile déterminera ses caractéristiques hydrophiles ou hydrophobes, sa capacité à offrir une bonne adhésion avec des enductions ou apprêts, une bonne affinité tinctoriale… Les techniques par plasma atmosphérique semblent efficaces pour la modification des surfaces polymériques car le traitement est rapide, peu onéreux et écologiquement propre. Dans un premier temps, l’impact des traitements par plasma de type Décharges à Barrière Diélectrique (D. B. D. ) sous air fut étudié sur un film de poly(propylène) qui présente une structure chimique simple et une surface lisse. L’oxydation de la surface du film ainsi que sa rugosité furent quantifiées. Un suivi du vieillissement du traitement fut réalisé. Dans un second temps, en s’appuyant sur les résultats précédents, les traitements par plasma ont été utilisés pour traiter différentes structures textiles (film, nontissés et tissus) en poly(éthylène téréphtalate). L’impact du plasma appliqué sur ces différents matériaux a été étudié afin d’étudier l’influence des traitements sur leur énergie de surface, leur capillarité et leur propriété d’adhésion avec une enduction. Il a été mis en évidence que la nature chimique, la porosité et la perméabilité du média traité a une influence sur les propriétés finales obtenues et sur les conditions de traitement par plasma. Les traitements par plasma furent aussi utilisés comme prétraitements avant les opérations de teinture ou d’apprêtage grâce à des polymères fluorés
Surface properties of textile are important factors for the end-use materials properties. These surface properties determine the hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviour of the materials and also theirs padding and coating adhesion as well as their dyeing behaviours. Atmospheric plasma treatments seem to be a good way to treat quickly, cheaply and ecologically polymeric surfaces. First, the impact of atmospheric air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (D. B. D. ) plasma treatments were studied on a poly(propylene) film. A surface oxidation and a roughness modification were observed. The ageing of these modifications was follow. Then, according with the previews results, plasma treatments were used to treat various poly(ethylene terephthalate)textiles (Film, nonwovens, fabrics). The plasma treatment influences on the surface energy, capillarity and adhesion properties were checked for each textile. This work shows that the polymer chemistry, the porosity and the air permeability have an influence on the final properties and on the plasma treatment power needed to reach them. Plasma treatments were also used as a pre-treatment before dyeing or fluoro-polymer padding processes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Anomasiri, Namkhang. "The Final Cut : Transformations of laser-cut textile surfaces for placemaking." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7844.

Full text

Abstract:

My project explores the possibilities of shaping space using lightweight textile-based elements. The focus is on the transformation of surface patterns into three-dimensional forms, using analogue parametric design with laser-cut beds as a main testbed. The result is a smorgasbord of prototypes: spatial configurations that divide and define space. Each design is a permeable three-dimensional form that projects a unique pattern of shadow and light. The basis of my project comes from an initial investigation of Uppsala public libraries’ needs for flexible solutions. The libraries have housed many civic activities that I have experienced in recent years since moving to Uppsala in 2018. With their requirement of multiple types of use, I propose using fabric infrastructure as configurable room dividers. I use discarded textile (used carpets, fabric remnants) as the starting point for each prototype. The material itself imposes certain restrictions on the work. Each new piece of fabric acquired a problem waiting for a solution. In this sense, the finished prototype constitutes a solved puzzle. One key objective is to create designs that are flexible while still being robust enough to be portable. Another key objective is to create inviting and organic designs. While I used laser cutters to cut the fabric into precise patterns, I allowed gravity and light to create an imperfect and organic end-result. However, the outcome of my experimental exploration is a system and a technique for making use of discarded textile materials to create atmospheres and spaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Bocquet, Romain. "Etude des mécanismes d’adhésion et de déformation à l’origine du frottement de surfaces textiles." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4391/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail consiste à de étudier les mécanismes survenant lors du frottement de surfaces textiles pileuses, en particulier dans les conditions du toucher humain. Le but final est de proposer une méthode permettant de concevoir des surfaces textiles qui aurait le toucher demandé. La première étape a été d'établir un modèle de frottement, et ensuite de le valider au moyen d’un tribomètre développé au laboratoire et enfin de l'appliquer à des surfaces textiles industrielles. Nous avons pu montrer que la force tangentielle à l'avant du frotteur est proportionnelle à la largeur de celui-ci et a une origine essentiellement mécanique, alors que la force sous le frotteur est proportionnelle à l’aire de contact entre le frotteur et la surface textile et est de nature mécanique (déformation de la surface) et adhésive. Nous avons pu alors définir et déterminer les contraintes de frottement à l’avant et sous le frotteur, caractéristiques de l’étoffe textile utilisée pour une charge normale fixe. La dépendance de la force de frottement à la vitesse de glissement a été mise en évidence. Une étude portant sur le frottement de macro-surfaces pileuses modèle a été réalisée pour expliquer cette viscosité. Des essais de frottement analogues à ceux de l’étude menée sur les surfaces réelles ont été réalisés. En faisant varier les paramètres cinématiques de l’essai ainsi que les propriétés physico-chimiques des fibres, nous avons pu déterminer que l'origine de la viscosité observée sur les surfaces textiles réelles provient majoritairement du frottement inter-fibres d’origine physico-chimiques
This work is to study the mechanisms occurring during friction of hairy textile surfaces, especially in terms of human touch. The final aim is to offer a method for designing textile surfaces with the required touch. The first step was to establish a model of friction, and then to validate it by means of a tribometer developed in the laboratory and then apply it to industrial textile surfaces. We have shown that the tangential force in front of the slider is proportional to the width of this one and has essentially a mechanical origin, while the friction under the slider is proportional to the contact area between the slider and the textile surface and is of a mechanical nature (surface deformation) and adhesive. We could then determine and define the friction stress in front and under the slider, characteristic of the textile fabric used for a fixed normal load. The dependence of the frictional force to the sliding velocity was highlighted. A study on the friction of model hairy macro-surfaces was performed to explain this viscosity. Similar tests to those of the friction study on real surfaces were performed. By varying the kinematic parameters of the test and the physico-chemical properties of the fibers, we were able to determine that the origin of the viscosity observed on real textile surfaces mainly comes from inter-fiber friction with physicochemical origin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ryall, Helen. "An exploration of digital technology over a number of manipulated textile surfaces." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/8798/.

Full text

Abstract:

Ink jet printing for textiles has brought many benefits to the textile print industry. It has an ability to print on demand, using thousands of colours, and at reduced costs compared with rotary screenprinting for small scale production, ink jet technology has already established itself as a reliable method of printing for the textile industry. This research investigates a new approach to ink jet technology. Numerous new surfaces are fed through a textile ink jet printer in the generation of bespoke printed textiles. This is an experimental approach to textile ink jet printing, recording practical solutions, and uncovering innovative processes for a new direction for digital technology for textiles. Various surfaces have been enhanced using screen print techniques and embroidery, or manipulated by hand and digitally printed in the production of an array of unique digital resist techniques. This research combines the use of textile hand craftsmanship with digital technology, crossing the boundaries and discovering ways of combining these disciplines. This research will highlights some of the possibilities with applying a hand crafted approach to ink jet technology for textiles, it demonstrate the control of colour, resist effects and the sensitivity of design which can be achieve using these new processes. In addition to this, the research will demonstrate the added value of this crafted approach to digital design, as well discussing the potential for reproducing these complex textile craft techniques and digital resist effects using CAD and ink jet technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Dontsova, Dariya. "Titania based photocatalytically active layer-by-layer coatings on model surfaces and textile materials." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6203.

Full text

Abstract:

Les propriétés photocatalytiques de catalyseurs commerciaux et synthétiques ont été étudiées pour la décomposition sous flux d'un composé odorant modèle, le sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S), sous irradiation UV-A et visible. Un modèle simplifié qualitatif pour la visualisation de la désactivation du catalyseur est proposé. En outre, les catalyseurs ont été incorporés dans des films multicouches en utilisant différents polyélectrolytes. Ces films ont été caractérisés par ellipsométrie, AFM, spectroscopie UV-visible et SEM sur des surfaces modèles. Ces films sont homogènes et transparents, et leur porosité permet un transport de masse quasiment libre des composés volatiles dans le film. Afin de tester l'activité photocatalytique des films LbL contenant des catalyseurs, ces films ont été assemblés sur des réacteurs tubulaires en verre (avec un diamètre de 2,7 cm et une longueur de 40 cm) et soumis à un flux de H2S sous irradiation UV-A. L'activité des films s’est montrée proportionnelle au nombre de couches de catalyseur constitutif du film et dépendante de la nature chimique du polyélectrolyte constitutif du film. Après optimisation de la structure du film par rapport à la composante catalytique et au composant polyélectrolyte, les films les plus efficaces ont été déposés sur des textiles en coton et leur activité photocatalytique a été mesurée pour la décomposition en flux de H2S sous irradiation à la lumière visible. De plus, les applications potentielles de ces textiles revêtus par LbL pour l'élimination d'autres polluants intérieurs communs ont été illustrées par la décomposition d’acétaldéhyde, de méthyl éthyl cétone et d’ammoniac gazeux sous irradiation à la lumière visible
The photocatalytic properties of commercially available and synthesized catalysts were studied for on-stream decomposition of a model odorous compound hydrogen sulphide (H2S) under UV-A and visible light irradiation. A simplified qualitative model for visualization of the catalyst deactivation is proposed. Further, catalysts were incorporated into multilayer films using different polyelectrolytes. Such films were characterized by ellipsometry, AFM, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM on model surfaces. These films are homogeneous and transparent, and their porosity allow for almost free mass transport of the volatile compounds within the film. In order to test the photocatalytic activity of LbL films containing catalysts, such films were assembled on tubular glass reactors (with the diameter of 2. 7 cm and the length of 40 cm) and subjected to H2S flow under UV-A irradiation. The activity of films was found to be proportional to the number of film constituent layers of catalyst and dependent on the chemical nature of the film constituent polyelectrolyte. After the film structure was optimized with respect to catalytic component and polyelectrolyte component, the most efficient films were deposited on cotton textiles, and their photocatalytic activity was measured for on-stream decomposition of H2S under visible light irradiation. Further, the potential applications of such LbL-coated textiles for the removal of other common indoor pollutants were exemplified by decomposition of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and ammonia gas under visible light irradiation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kaewprasit, Chongrak. "Contribution a l'estimation de la surface specifique des fibres de coton : relations entre surface et proprietes physiques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20099.

Full text

Abstract:

L'adsorption de l'azote en phase gazeuse et l'adsorption du bleu de methylene en phase aqueuse sont utilisees pour estimer la surface specifique des differents types de fibres de coton standard iccs. Le bleu de methylene s'est avere un adsorbat adequat pour la determination de la surface des fibres. Les differentes valeurs de la surface specifique sont interpretees en se fondant sur les caracteristiques physiques des fibres determinees au moyen de la diffraction de rx, et de l'analyse thermique. Nous avons note une influence du caractere cristallin et du contenu en eau de chaque fibre sur la valeur de la surface. De plus, une relation entre la surface specifique et la finesse d'une fibre est mise en evidence. Ce travail a permis d'eclaircir sur les facteurs intervenant dans la valeur de la surface specifique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Abd, Jelil Radhia. "Modélisation de la relation entre les paramètres du procédé plasma et les caractéristiques de la qualité du matériau textile par apprentissage de données physiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10017/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La technique par plasma atmosphérique semble efficace pour la modification des surfaces de matériaux textiles car le traitement est rapide, peu onéreux et écologiquement propre. En dépit de ces avantages, il est extrêmement difficile de comprendre la relation complexe non-linéaire entre les paramètres du procédé plasma et les propriétés finales des matériaux. L’étude et l’optimisation d’un tel procédé doivent être donc basées sur une exploitation des techniques intelligentes telles que la logique floue et les réseaux de neurones. Dans une première partie, l'impact de traitement par plasma de type Décharge à Barrière Diélectrique (DBD) sous air est étudié sur différents types de tissus en polyester et viscose. Afin de mieux comprendre l’effet de la structure textile sur les résultats du traitement, une sélection des paramètres les plus pertinents a été effectuée en utilisant un critère de sensibilité basé sur la logique floue. Il a été mis en évidence que la puissance électrique, la vitesse de traitement, la matière, la finesse des fibres, la perméabilité à l’air, l’armure et la densité des pics ont une influence sur la mouillabilité et la capillarité des tissus. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, une approche utilisant les réseaux de neurones a été développée afin de prédire la relation entre les paramètres pertinents sélectionnés et les propriétés hydrophiles des tissus. Des résultats tout à fait satisfaisants ont été obtenus et montrent une bonne capacité de généralisation. En outre, une analyse quantitative par poids des connexions a été menée pour analyser l’importance relative des paramètres d’entrée. Les résultats de cette analyse sont cohérents avec ceux obtenus en utilisant le critère de sensibilité flou. Ceci permet donc de confirmer d’une part l’influence des paramètres sélectionnés, et d’autre part de montrer la fiabilité des réseaux neuronaux
Atmospheric plasma treatment seems to be a good way to treat quickly, cheaply and ecologically textile material surfaces. Despite these advantages, it is extremely difficult to understand the complex non-linear relationship between the plasma processing parameters and the final properties of materials. Therefore, the study and optimization of such process must be based on an exploitation of intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural networks. In a first part, the impact of atmospheric air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment is studied on different types of polyester and viscose woven fabrics. In order to get a better understanding on how the structure of woven fabrics influence on the results of the plasma treatment, a selection of the most relevant parameters was carried out by using a fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. This work shows that that the electric power, the treatment speed, the composition, the fibers fineness, the air permeability, the weave construction and the summit density have an influence on the wettability and the capillarity of fabrics. Lastly, a neural network approach was developed to predict the relationship between the selected input parameters and the fabric hydrophilic properties. Very satisfactory results were obtained and show a good capacity of generalization. Moreover, a quantitative analysis based on the weights of connections was conducted to analyze the relative importance of the input parameters. The results of this analysis are coherent with those obtained by using the fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. Thus, this finding confirms, on the one hand, the influence of the selected parameters and, on the other hand, it shows the efficiency of neural networks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Agarwal, Gaurav. "Interaction of textile parameters, wash-ageing and use of fabric softener during the laundry with mechanical properties of the knitted fabrics and correlation with textile hand." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10001/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans cette thèse, l'influence de lavage répétés et l'utilisation d'assouplissant sur les propriétés sensorielles, mécaniques et physico-chimiques pour la bonneterie ont, a été étudiés Différentes conditions de remplissage de la machine à laver ont été étudiées : soit avec des tricots comportant tous des fibres de même nature, soit avec des tricots de nature différentes. La quantité d’adoucissant déposée sur le textile a été mesurée, l’uniformité du dépôt a été quantifiée par analyse d’image. Le potentiel zéta des fibres et la capacité d’absorption des textiles expliquent les écarts de quantité déposées sur les tricots. L'évaluation sensorielle des tissus a été réalisée par un groupe de panélistes entrainés en utilisant la méthode de comparaison par paire. En outre, un système intelligent basé sur la logique floue pour corréler les paramètres physiques et sensoriels a été développé afin de prédire les performances d'un tricot aprés un grand nombre de cycles de lavage
In this thesis, the simultaneous influence of repeated machine laundry and use of the fabric softener on sensory, mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the knitted textiles was investigated. The deposition of softener was characterised by amount of deposition in different load conditions (mixed fibre load and individual fibre load) and level of uniformity of the deposition. The softener deposition was explained by zeta-potential of the fibres and liquid-absorption capability of the knitted fabrics. The non-uniformity of the softener deposition was quantified by image processing method. The sensory evaluation of the fabrics was carried out by a trained panel using pair-comparison method. Furthermore, an intelligent system based on Fuzzy logic for correlating the physical and sensory parameters was developed in order to predict the performance of a knitted fabric which has gone through number of laundry cycles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Valantin, Chloé. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement de l'interface textile-caoutchouc." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4027.

Full text

Abstract:

Les courroies étudiées subissent des sollicitations mécaniques complexes et des variations thermiques jusqu’à 160°C. Pour améliorer leurs durées de vie, les propriétés de l’interface entre le câblé PA 4,6 adhérisé RFL et la matrice EPDM doivent être optimisées. Dans ces travaux, les courroies ont subi un endommagement par fatigue et les essais ont été arrêtés après différents nombres de cycles afin de caractériser l’interface câblé/caoutchouc. Les analyses en microscopie électronique ont révélé trois mécanismes d’endommagement:  La dégradation de la structure interne du câblé  La propagation de décohésions fibrillaires à l’interface RFL/caoutchouc  L’apparition d’arrachements fibre polyamide/RFL Ces endommagements ont été corrélés à des rigidifications interfaciales (nanoindentation), une évolution des propriétés viscoélastiques de la structure (DMA) et une diminution des valeurs d’adhérence (pelage ou arrachement). Des analyses physicochimiques, principalement Tof-SIMS, ont permis de déterminer la composition interfaciale initiale et de corréler son évolution aux endommagements constatés
Studied belts undergo complex mechanical stress and thermal variations up to 160°C. To enhance their service life, the interfacial properties between the PA 4, 6 cord, coated with RFL, and the EPDM matrix must be improved. In this study, fatigue tests on belts were stopped after various numbers of cycles in order to characterize the interface between cord and rubber. Electron Microscopy revealed three different mechanisms for mechanical damage:  Degradation of the inner cord structure  Propagation of fibrillar microcracks at the RFL/rubber interface  Appearance of RFL/polyamide microfiber debondings This damage was associated with interfacial hardenings (nanoindentation), viscoelastic properties variations of the structure (DMA) and a decrease in adhesive values (peeling or pulling out). Physicochemical analyses, mainly by Tof-SIMS, enabled to determine interfacial composition and to link its evolution with observed mechanical damage

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ripoll, Lionel. "Formulation par émulsion-diffusion de particules cationiques en vue de leur adsorption sur un support textile : application aux cosmétotextiles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10282.

Full text

Abstract:

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier la fonctionnalisation de textiles par des particules contenant un principe actif cosmétique. L'approche choisie repose sur la fixation sur le textile de particules de charges opposées. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié dans un premier temps l'état de surface des textiles synthétiques et naturels. Les résultats ont montré que les textiles présentent une surface chargée négativement. Dans un second temps, l'adsorption de particules cationiques “modèles” de PMMA sur un textile synthétique à base de polyamide a été étudiée. Les résultats ont montré une bonne adsorption des particules sur le textile ainsi qu'une bonne résistance à la désorption lors des étapes de lavage. A la suite de ces résultats, des particules cationiques formulées par émulsion-diffusion à partir de différents polymères ont été réalisées. Ce criblage des polymères a permis de sélectionner un polymère biocompatible et biodégradable capable de fonctionnaliser durablement le textile. La dernière partie de ce travail a consisté en l'étude du rendement d'encapsulation et du profil de libération de deux principes actifs : rafraichissant et blanchissant
The aims of this work is to study textiles functionalization with particles containing an cosmetics active ingredient. The approach selected is based on textiles functionalization by opposite charged particles. At first, we studied synthetic and natural textiles surface and results showed that textiles exhibit negative charged surface. In a second step, adsorption of cationic PMMA particles onto synthetic polyamide textile was studied. The results showed proper particles adsorption on textile and a good resistance to desorption during washing steps. Then, cationic particles formulated by emulsion-diffusion from different polymer were made. This screening polymers was used to select a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer able to functionalized textiles. The last part of this work consisted in studying the encapsulation efficiency and release profile of two active ingredient : refreshing and whitening

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Moussa, Ali. "Influence de l'état de surface d'un textile et de l'environnement sur le rendu coloristique." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10113.

Full text

Abstract:

Pour les textiles, la couleur et l'apparence visuelle sont aujourd'hui l'objet d'un regain d'intérêt et reçoivent une attention grandissante de la part des fabricants et des utilisateurs. Pourtant, leur rendu coloristique n'est pas connu avec précision avant que le produit final ne soit réalisé et l'influence de leur structure fut, jusqu'à récemment, délaissée. Cette thèse a pour objectif de modéliser l'influence de la structure, de l'état de surface et des conditions d'éclairement et d'observation sur le rendu de couleur des surface textiles permettant la prédiction du spectre de réflexion diffuse du produit final (fil ou tissu) en fonction de celui de la structure d'origine et vice-versa. Deux types de géométrie de mesure de la couleur sont utilisés. La première consiste en un éclairage circulaire à plusieurs angles d'incidence permettant de modéliser le changement de la couleur accompagnant les transformations fibres-fils et fils-tissus ainsi que l'influence de l'angle d'incidence. La seconde fait appel à une configuration en rétrodiffusion qui met en avant l'effet de la directionalité de la surface et de l'angle d'observation. D'autres part, des mesures de profilométrie permettent grâce à des méthodes des traitements d'images de caractériser l'état de surface. Nous optons dans ce cas pour la technique des transformées de Fourier afin de mettre en place un modèle reliant la typologie du spectre aux caractéristiques du tissu ainsi que la simulation de leur profil par les transformées de Fourier inverses. Les résultats de la caractérisation de l'état de surface sont alors corrélés avec ceux de l'étude colorimétrique. Une fois identifié, le modèle de prédiction de la couleur peut être appliqué à la surface simulée des tissus permettant ainsi en perspectives un rendu réaliste de l'étoffe.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

KATSAROU, STELLA. "Exploring static electricity as design material for woven and hand-tufted textiles." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18015.

Full text

Abstract:

“Electrostatic textile surfaces” is a design example of surfaces which have the ability to interact to human action by movement. The design exploration was directed by the intention of achieving movement through static electricity. During this project textile techniques such as weaving and hand-tufting have been explored in combination with unconventional materials and functions and used as methods to design the surfaces. The findings from the design process regard the categorization of the yarns through the material exploration, the development of a design method through the experimentation of the technique and the surface appearance through the materialization of the method. The two final surfaces are exhibited horizontally and vertically in relation to the ground. The scale of the final structures is related to the body scale. One can electrify the surfaces by walking around or through them letting an open dialog to take place depended on personal interpretations.
Program: Master Programme in Fashion and Textile Design

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Thompson, Kimberlee Fay. "Modification of polymeric substrates using surface grafted nanoscaffolds." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05162005-165302/.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Carter, W. Brent, Committee Member ; Cook, Fred, Committee Member ; Griffin, Anselm, Committee Member ; Michielsen, Stephen, Committee Chair ; Beckham, Haskell, Committee Member ; Bottomley, Lawrence, Committee Member.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wolff, Metternich Maria Antonia. "Comfort Zones : The delicate relationship between knitted surfaces and filling materials experienced through human comfort/discomfort." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22044.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes a practice- based research project in which physical and emotional comfort and discomfort is experienced by the human body. A variety of different Comfort Zones are presented. All of them deal with the relationship between filling material and cover, in which knitted structures and materials play a central role in order to create comfort. The elasticity of the knit is challenged when creating volume and emphasizes the idea that comfort is elastic in material/physical way, as well as well in emotions. The use of filling materials gives a new dimension, sensitivity and offers new opportunities. This form exploration discusses the potential of knit to serve as a cover and decorative element, but most importantly the possibility of a textile to create its own filling. By rolling up a knitted tube, volume is built up layer by layer; a torus appears and captures a void in the center of the form, required by the tube, the fundament. Hints of discomfort are given and emphasized by either surface/structure, volume or garments on the body.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Abreu, Ana Cláudia de. "Design de superfícies : a costura industrial como recurso criativo em produtos do vestuário /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192755.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes
Resumo: Na produção de produtos de vestuário, a costura industrial é empregada nas superfícies têxteis como elemento de materialização, ou seja, a união de duas ou mais camadas de tecidos por meio de pontos de costura que resultam em um produto tridimensional. Neste âmbito, a pesquisa buscou explorar seu aspecto criativo em superfícies de vestuário, ancorados nos fundamentos e procedimentos do Design de Superfícies, para gerar superfícies inovadoras com aspectos representacionais, projetuais e relacionais. Para tanto, foram elaboradas etapas, as quais caracterizam como uma investigação exploratória, com aplicações de experimentos por meio de quatro técnicas de costura industrial em materiais têxteis. Como resultado, foram elencadas diretrizes que possam orientar o Designer de Moda a desenvolver superfícies de vestuários baseadas nos Fundamentos do Design de Superfícies, nos aspectos técnicos da costura industrial e nas características dos materiais têxteis
Abstract: In the production of clothing products, the industrial sewing is used on textiles surfaces as an element of materialization, that is, the joining two or more layers of fabric using sewing stitches that result in a three-dimensional product. In this contexto, the research sought to explore its creative aspecto n clothes surfaces, bases on the fundamentalsand procedures of Surfaces Design to generate innovative surfaces with representational, projectual and relation aspects. Therefore, steps were elaborated, characterized as na exploratory investigation, with applications of experiments by means of four industrial sewing techniques in textile materials. As a result, guidelines were elaborated that can guide the Fashion Designer to develop clothing surfaces based on the Fundamentals of Surfaces Design, the technical aspects of industrial sewing and the characteristic of textile materials
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Salaün, Fabien. "Conception-élaboration de textiles réactifs : application à la thermorégulation." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10066.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette étude consiste en l'élaboration d'une structure textile thermorégulante et s'appuie sur la synthèse de trois systèmes PCMs microencapsulés pouvant être appliqués par enduction sur support textile. Selon la nature chimique des PCMs et l'effet thermique recherché (bilan énergétique, fenêtre thermique de changement de phase), nous avons synthétisé trois types de microcapsules core/shell, contenant soit un mélange ternaire paraffmes/ tetraéthyl orthosilicate, soit un hydrate salin, soit une paraffine encapsulée par des microsphères d'hydrate salin. Ces microcapsules d'un diamètre moyen compris entre 1 et 5 [micron] contiennent 75 % (en masse) de principe actif. La caractérisation des interfaces textile/liant/MPCMs basée sur une approche thermodynamique du mouillage a permis la mise en œuvre par enduction des microcapsules synthétisées à l'échelle pilote contenant le mélange binaire de paraffines. L'analyse thermique des composites textiles ainsi élaborés a mis en évidence l'influence du ratio liant/MPCMs, de la masse surfacique déposée et du changement de contexture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Melki, Safi. "Etude du mouillage de structures fibreuses multi échelles : robustesse de l’hydrophobicité." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH8863/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ces travaux ont pour but d’étudier le comportement au mouillage spontané (statique et dynamique) ainsi que le mouillage forcé, sous l’effet de la compression, de différentes structures textiles hydrophobes. Le mouillage forcé a permis d’évaluer la robustesse de l’hydrophobicité des structures textiles. En parallèle, un nouveau dispositif automatisé et plus approprié à l’étude du mouillage forcé a été mis au point. Les principaux résultats ont montré qu’une bonne hydrophobicité ne conduit pas forcément à une bonne robustesse : spontanément, la structure floquée est la seule à favoriser une configuration de Cassie-Baxter, cependant, sa robustesse est plus faible que celle des tissus. Les différents essais ont mis en évidence l’influence importante et majeure de certains paramètres, appropriés à chaque structure textile, sur son hydrophobicité et sa robustesse comme la densité et la finesse des poils pour les tissus floqués. Ils ont également montré que certains facteurs pouvaient améliorer l’hydrophobicité mais pas sa robustesse ou inversement. Ainsi, la robustesse de l’hydrophobicité n’est pas prévisible à partir des mesures du mouillage spontané
This work aims to study the spontaneous (static and dynamic) and the forced (under the effect of compression) wetting behaviour of different water-repellent textile structures. Forced wetting allowed to evaluate the robustness of the hydrophobicity of textile structures. In parallel, a new automated and more suitable device was developed for the study of forced wetting. The main results showed that a good hydrophobicity does not necessarily lead to a good robustness: spontaneously, the flocked structure is the only one to foster the Cassie-Baxter state, however, its hydrophobicity’s robustness is lower than that of the tissue. The different tests have highlighted the important and major influence of some parameters, adapted to each textile structure, on its hydrophobicity and its robustness such as the density and fineness of bristles for flocked fabrics. They also showed that some factors can improve the hydrophobicity but not its robustness or vice versa. Thus, the robustness of the hydrophobicity is not predictable from the measures of spontaneous wetting

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nilsson, Rickard. "Optimization of pneumatic activity sensor : Development of a low friction seal." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74540.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis, the development of a new type of seal is presented along with the steps taken to attain the conclusive design. The results are presented in this paper as a cross-sectioned CAD-model along with the selection of materials and suggestions for future work. The project was commissioned by the multi-discipline engineering consultancy company Projektengagemang AB in Karlstad, Sweden, and carried out as a master’s thesis at Karlstad University. The commission was due to a demand for a new type of sealing solution, as friction is a problem within the field of micro-pneumatics. The work done consists of a study of different low-friction materials where a 30/70 PTFE/PEEK compound was selected as it displayed promising friction and wear properties. The material was then implemented into a design concluded by employing a product development process. The result rendered a prototype for a new kind of low-friction seal which uses the fluid pressure to achieve a sealing contact load between a piston/rod and the seal, which also was the goal set to achieve at the start of the project. Additionally, a design of experiments study was conducted to settle what design parameters were significant with respect to the contact load. For proceeding, making the concept a product ready for production, additional work is needed in the form of experimental material testing, development of a leakage model to optimize the contact load, determination of temperature and creep behaviour, as well as sufficient field testing. Lastly, a die tool must be designed for manufacturing with injection moulding as well as determining if any further processing is required.
Detta arbete behandlar utvecklingen av en ny sorts tätning samt arbetet som utförts för att nå en slutlig design. Resultaten presenteras i form av en CAD-modell tillsammans med materialval och förslag till fortsatta studier. Projektet utfördes efter förfrågan av konsultconcernen Projektengagemang AB i Karlstad, Sverige och utfördes som ett examensarbete för civilingenjörsexamen i maskinteknik vid Karlstads universitet. Detta gjordes eftersom det finns en efterfrågan på lågfriktionstätningar inom mikropneumatik där friktion är ett rådande problem. Arbetet består av en studie över att antal lågfriktionsmaterial där en komposit med 30/70 PTFE/PEEK valdes på grund av dess lovande nötnings- och friktionsegenskaper. Materialet implementerades sedan i design som togs fram genom en produktutvecklingsprocess. Resultatet är en prototyp för en ny sorts lågfriktionstätning som utnyttjar fluidtryck för att uppnå en tätande effekt mellan tätning och kolv vilket även var målsättningen för projektet. Flerfaktorförsök har under processen utnyttjats för att hitta vilka geometriska parametrar som påverkar kontaktkraften mellan tätning och motliggande yta. För att ta konceptet till en färdig produkt krävs fortsatt arbete innehållande experimentella materialtester, framtagning av en läckagemodell att optimera kontaktkraften mot, studier kring temperatur- och krypberoende samt fälttester för att verifiera funktionen över tid. Slutligen behöver ett verktyg för formsprutning tas fram tillsammans med eventuell ytterligare bearbetning för slutlig tillverkning av produkten.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Dias, Mariana Morgado Alves. "A superfície têxtil como elemento estético - Maison Margiela, um caso de estudo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17773.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Moda apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
A procura pelo conhecimento sobre o papel da superfície têxtil como veículo de expressão estética e conceptual na Moda leva à abordagem do tema proposto. A investigação tem como objetivo explorar as tecnologias como ferramentas de materialização do conceito e a estética da marca Maison Margiela, na qual se pode considerar que a expressão artística é central. Este projeto foca-se no entendimento mais profundo do processo criativo da Maison Margiela, com destaque para as propriedades das superfícies têxteis. Analisa todo o universo de materialização da expressão da marca (processos, tecnologias, materiais, características, entre outros), abordando, de uma forma geral, sob a forma de metodologia não intervencionista qualitativa. A problematização envolve o aprofundar do entendimento das possibilidades de materialização das superfícies têxteis, sendo expectável que estas sejam uma forma relevante de desencadear experiências estéticas e até mesmo sociais. A mão e a máquina aplicadas em convergência, com noções morfológicas de design, representam uma solução quer para a expressão artística de uma marca, quer para a comunicação simbólica com o observador (recetor). Espera-se ter obtido um contributo válido para o alargamento do conhecimento na área do Design de Superfície e da Estética, incitando à interpretação dos objetos de moda feminina e das suas superfícies.
ABSTRACT: The need for knowledge on the role of the surface as a vehicle of aesthetics and conceptual expression in Fashion leads to the approach of the studied theme. This research aims at exploring technologies as tools to materialize the concept as well as the aesthetics of Maison Margiela - where the feature of artistic expression is fundamental. Therefore, this project focuses on the deeper understanding of Maison Margiela's creative process, with an emphasis given to the properties of textile surfaces. It scrutinizes the entire universe of materialization of the brand’s expression (processes, technologies, materials, characteristics, among others), detaining mainly on a non-interventionist qualitative methodology. As a hypothesis, we studied the fact that the mere evolution of technologies, along with the possibilities of materialization of textile surfaces constitute a relevant way of triggering both aesthetics and even social experiences. The hand and the machine applied together with morphological notions of design, represent nowadays a solution for the artistic expression of a brand and the symbolic communication with the observer (receptor). It is expected to largely contribute to knowledge in the area of Surface Design and Aesthetics, encouraging both the interpretation of the concept in fashion objects and their surfaces.
N/A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Benchenaa, Imane. "Contribution des caractérisations photocatalytiques et de l’analyse de surface pour l’application de propriétés photocatalytiques en surface de substrats organiques (textiles et papiers)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10068/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail de thèse s'est inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet collaboratif à finalité industrielle ayant pour but de développer des matériaux composites à propriétés photocatalytiques (à base de nanoparticules de TiO2) obtenus par voie sol-gel pour une application sur substrats organiques (textiles et papiers) : intégration de nanoparticules de TiO2 dans une matrice sol-gel hybride (organique-inorganique) et dispersion de nanoparticules de TiO2 dans des microparticules de silice mésoporeuses. La contribution originale du travail de thèse a consisté à développer des caractérisations par analyse de surface (SEM, XPS et ToF-SIMS) et corréler ces résultats à ceux des tests photocatalytiques (suivi de la dégradation d'un polluant modèle (acide formique) en solution aqueuse sous irradiation UV). En complémentarité avec la question des différents niveaux de porosité des matrices utilisées, les techniques SEM, XPS et ToF-SIMS ont permis de définir différents critères tels que la disponibilité du photocatalyseur (TiO2) en extrême surface mais aussi la modification de la matrice autour du TiO2. Ces critères ont contribué à mieux comprendre les différences de propriétés photocatalytiques des différents matériaux composites déposés en surface des substrats organiques
This thesis work is part of a collaborative project with an industrial purpose aiming at the development of composite materials with photocatalytic properties (composed of TiO2 nanoparticles) obtained by sol-gel process for application on organic substrates (textiles and paper): integration of TiO2 nanoparticles into a sol-gel hybrid (organic-inorganic) matrix and dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in mesoporous silica microparticles. The original contribution of this work was to develop characterization by surface analysis techniques (SEM, XPS and ToF-SIMS) and correlate these results to those from the photocatalytic tests (following the degradation of a model pollutant (formic acid) in aqueous solution under UV irradiation). Complementarily to the issue of matrices porosity, surface analysis techniques (SEM, XPS and ToF –SIMS) allowed to define criteria such as availability of photocatalyst (TiO2) at the outermost surface but also the modification of the matrix around the TiO2. These criteria were used to better understand the differences in photocatalytic properties of various composite materials deposited on the surface of organic substrates

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Rosa, Daiana Ruschel. "Processo para a seleção de materiais têxteis aplicada ao projeto de calçados com ênfase em atributos visuais e táteis de superfícies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172259.

Full text

Abstract:

Aspectos relacionados à percepção cognitiva do homem têm sido cada vez mais considerados em projetos de produtos e nos processos de seleção de materiais. Em especial, a seleção de materiais têxteis configura uma tarefa de alta complexidade tanto devido a aspectos técnicos, quanto a aspectos percebidos através dos sentidos. Por isso, esta pesquisa objetiva contribuir com a seleção de materiais têxteis para uso em calçados, através da proposição de um processo sistematizado. O presente estudo integra atributos percebidos de maneira visual e tátil a partir de superfícies de materiais e qualidades percebidas de produtos, encontrados em bibliografia especializada, a uma escala de diferencial semântico. Em etapa posterior, através de teste piloto com designers e especialistas e utilizando os dados coletados por meio de observação direta e questionários, este conteúdo foi avaliado de maneira qualitativa, gerando o referido processo, que utiliza a lista de atributos para a classificação de materiais têxteis para uso no PDP. Como resultado, é proposto um processo industrial patenteado, amparado por uma ferramenta que viabiliza a classificação de materiais têxteis, para uso específico no projeto de calçados.
Aspects related to the cognitive perception of man have been increasingly considered in product designs and materials selection processes. The selection of textile materials constitutes a task of high complexity both due to technical aspects and to aspects perceived through the senses. From this, this research aims to contribute with the selection of textile materials for use in footwear, through the proposition of a systematized process. For this, the present study integrates visually and tactile perceived attributes from material surfaces and perceived qualities of products, found in specialized bibliography, on a semantic differential scale. In a later stage, through a pilot test with designers and specialists and using data collected through direct observation and questionnaires, this content was evaluated in a qualitative way, generating the said process, which uses the list of attributes for the classification of textile materials for use in the PDP. As a result, a patented industrial process is proposed, supported by a tool that enables the classification of textile materials for specific use in shoe design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Desbrosses, Mickaël. "Contribution de la Spectrométrie de Masse d’Ions Secondaires à Temps de Vol au développement de textiles industriels fonctionnels impliquant des agents actifs cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1117.

Full text

Abstract:

La Spectrométrie de Masse d'Ions Secondaires à Temps de Vol (ToF-SIMS) permet la caractérisation de l'extrême surface à haute sensibilité via la détection d'ions secondaires atomiques et moléculaires. Ces travaux ont visé à étudier son application pour l'analyse de textiles industriels auxquels ont été conférées des propriétés dermatologiques (cosmétotextiles). Trois démarches analytiques adaptées aux spécificités des agents actifs et des technologies utilisées ont été présentées. Elles ont nécessité un développement particulier des méthodes employées (étude préliminaire, calibration, traitement et interprétation des données) et de tenir compte des possibilités et des limites de la technique ou de l'appareillage utilisé dans le contexte particulier de l'analyse des fibres textiles (topographie, effet de charge localisé, contaminations, formulations complexes, ségrégation et concentration de certains constituants des traitements en extrême surface).Dans la première démarche, la cartographie chimique ToF-SIMS a été utilisée avec succès pour illustrer l'existence d'un gradient de concentration en agent actif près de l'extrême surface de matrices polyamides. La capacité à identifier les signatures caractéristiques des agents actifs et valider leur présence en surface des échantillons textiles a pu être confirmée dans la majorité des cas. Cependant l'utilisation de signatures différentes de celles de l'agent actif a été nécessaire pour valider la présence de traitement dans le cas des textiles traités par co-précipitation. Enfin, un protocole de décapage doux a été testé pour faire face au problème particulier du recouvrement des textiles industriels par des apprêts siliconés
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) allows the characterization of the outermost surface with high sensitivity by mass detection of atomic and molecular secondary ions. The objective of this work was to study its application in the context of the analysis of industrial textiles on which dermatological properties are given (cosmetotextiles). Three analytical approaches based on the specific properties of the active agents and technologies are presented. They required peculiar developments of methods (preliminary study, calibration, data processing and interpretation ...) and to consider the possibilities and limitations of the technique or the equipment in the particular context of these textile fibers analysis (topography, localized charge effect, contamination, complex formulations, segregation and concentration of some components from the treatments at the outermost surface ...).In the first approach, ToF-SIMS chemical mapping was used to successfully illustrate an active agent concentration gradient close to the outermost surface of polyamide matrices. The ability to identify the characteristic signatures of active agents and to validate their presence at the surface of textile samples was confirmed in most cases. However, signatures different from those from the active agent were needed to validate the treatment in the case of textiles treated by co-precipitation. Finally, a gentle sputtering protocol was tested to address the particular issue of industrial textiles covered with silicone based textile finishing

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Uddin, Md Abbas. "Investigation of alternative colouration processing medium for textiles and novel filtration media for recycling of textile effluent." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-alternative-colouration-processing-medium-for-textiles-and-novel-filtration-media-for-recycling-of-textile-effluent(b1072010-66cc-4de3-9188-d3213aa9915a).html.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to find a suitable alternative medium of scarce freshwater for textile dyeing, and to recycle and reuse the dyebath using a combined coagulation/flocculation and novel filter media. Simulated seawater (SSW) was tested as the alternative dyeing medium with a salt concentration of 3.5% where NaCl was the major component. Fibre/dye systems of wool/acid and metal complex, wool/reactive, polyester/disperse, nylon/acid and metal complex, and acrylic/cationicdyes were tested in simulated seawater and the performances of dyed fabric were compared to conventional dyeing system of distilled water (DSW). The study found that commercial dyeing processes were robust and can be practically transferable into the seawater medium. The dye exhaustions, build-up, colour characteristics, and fastness to wash, cross-staining, rub and light were satisfactory within the dye ranges studied, which covers commercially available monochromatic Red, Yellow and Blue at light, medium and deep shades. Although SEM micrographs didn't show any presence of salt, a typical wash-off process of 1gL-1 with a non-ionic detergent at 70°C was sufficient to remove any salt that could be present on the surface or sub-surface of the dyed fabric. At room temperature, some acid and metal complex dyes were only partially soluble in SSW but this improved with gentle heating and addition of levelling agents. At dyeing temperatures near the boil, these dyes were completely soluble. A saturation limit was found to be existed for acrylic dyeing of cationic dyes over 1.0% o.m.f. depth. Although ionic interaction was the dominant mechanism for dyeing of wool, nylon and acrylic fibre with acid, metal complex and cationic dyes, the adsorption in highly saline dyebath most likely depended on the combined effects of ionic and physical/hydrophobic interaction. The resultant effect was higher dye exhaustion and consequently higher colour difference in SSW for some dyes. Reactive dyes were known to be sensitive to hardness of water but this study confirmed that reactive dye could be an alternative for deep dyeing for wool fibre in SSW. Reactive dyeing of wool followed a similar mechanism of gradual phase transfer as was observed for disperse dyeing of hydrophobic fibres over 3.0% o.m.f. depth. In contrast disperse dyeing of polyester produced consistent results for all dyes but some black dyeings produced superior colour strength in SSW. The build-up of colour in SSW compared to DSW can be different depending on the application level. To improve permeate flux by reducing membrane fouling, a number of surface modification were carried out to introduce fluorine based functional groups. Gaseous fluorination, fluorocarbon finish (FC) and plasma polymerisation were performed to introduce hydrophilic and oleophobic properties on supplied Azurtex membrane. The fluorinated Azurtex media exhibited increased wettability although it was not directly proportional to an increase in the fluorination level and treatment time. The water and oil repellency of FC and plasma treated filter media provided a reasonable level of repellency while the contact angle remained in the range of 130 to 145°. Pre-fluorination of filter media before FC treatment didn't change the water and oil repellency. Surface characterisation of Azurtex media was performed with ATR-FTIR, XPS and SEM. An increased level of fluorination at 10%F2 and prolonged exposure showed a degradation of the surface along with colour change. The fluorinated, FC treated and plasma polymerised membrane showed a typical C-F stretching vibration in the region of 1100-1350 cm-1 and weakly at 400-800cm-1. The XPS study showed a gradual increase in the -CF2 and -CF3 functionality signal intensities that resulted in imparting hydrophobicity The benchmarking of these modified Azurtex filter media against newly developed materials proved that plasma treatment improved the flow, reduced turbidity and provided an easy cake removal compared to fluorinated and FC finished filter media. Recycling of exhausted dyebath using a dual component coagulant/flocculant system of Pluspac 2000 and polyanionic Hydrosolanum protein derivative (HPSS) and microfiltration with Azurtex filter media was investigated. The process parameters such as pH and dosage of coagulants/flocculants were very critical during coagulation/flocculation for overall colour removal. The trial with model dye solution in SSW showed that the system worked in the saline environment with a relatively high concentration ratio of coagulant/flocculants but highly depends on the class and structure of dyes. Maximum colour removal was achieved for Lanaset Blue 2R and Sandolan Red MF-GRLN dye and was 89% and 61%, respectively, based on a ratio of 15:10 and 15:15 for PP2000: HPSS at pH 4.0 and 5.0, respectively. The reuse of the dyebath with combined physico-chemical and micro-filtration treatment was demonstrated to be feasible with wool/acid dye system. The colour profile of Lanaset Blue 2R and Sandolan Red MF-GRLN dyed fabrics up to 12th dyeing, with dyebath filtration undertaken after the 3rd /4th/5th reuse of the dyebath, remained comparable to dyeing in fresh baths. The colour strength, K/S, decreased after every filtration and the colour differences, DeltaE increased, but reversed in subsequent dyeing in reused dyebath. The wash and dry rub fastness of the dyed fabrics remained comparable and significant improvements in the abrasion resistance were observed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Popescu, Andrei. "Laser deposition and characterization of transparent conductive, bioactive, hydrophobic and antiseptic nanostructures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4016.

Full text

Abstract:

Les applications présentées dans cette thèse valorisent de diverses manières le principe d'ablation laser, c'est à dire l'arrachement de la matière d'une surface solide suite à l'irradiation avec un faisceau laser. Le plasma généré par irradiation laser impulsionnel a été utilisé pour le dépôt de couches minces ou de nanoparticules et pour l'analyse compositionnelle des couches d'épaisseur nanométrique. Nous avons synthétisé par dépôt laser combinatoire des librairies compositionnelles d'un oxyde mixte transparent d'In et Zn. En utilisant le plasma d'ablation pour le diagnostic compositionnel, nous avons déterminé les concentrations d'indium et de zinc dans les couches minces par spectroscopie laser. Des couches minces de bioverre ont été synthétisées par dépôt laser impulsionnel sur des substrats de titane. En contact avec des cellules ostéoblastes, les bioverres ont stimulé la prolifération et ont augmenté la viabilité. La prolifération des ostéoblastes cultivés sur les couches de bioverre a été 30% supérieure a l'échantillon de contrôle. On a déposé par PLD des couches minces ou nanoparticules adhérentes de ZnO sur des substrats textiles hydrophiles dans un flux d'oxygène ou sous vide pour obtenir des structures avec différentes mouillabilités. En augmentant le nombre d'impulsions laser de 10 à 100 nous avons observé la transition du recouvrement par des nanoparticules isolées vers des couches minces. En fonction de l'atmosphère environnant lors du dépôt, les couches minces et les nanoparticules ont changé leur mouillabilité, passant d'hydrophile en flux d'oxygène à un comportement superhydrophobe (angle de contact de 157°) en cas de dépôt sous vide
The applications presented in this thesis exploit in different modes the principle of laser ablation, i.e. the material removal from a solid surface following irradiation with a pulsed laser beam. The plasma generated by laser ablation was used for thin films or nanoparticles deposition and for the compositional analysis of nanometric thin films. We synthesized by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition, thin film libraries of a complex oxide of In and Zn. Using the ablation plasma for compositional diagnostic, we determined the In and Zn concentrations in films by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy using a procedure based on the spectral luminance calculation of a plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Thin films of bioactive glass were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition, magnetron sputtering and MAPLE on Ti substrates and tested the transfer accuracy by physico-chemical tests and their functionality in vitro. In contact with human osteoblast cells, the bioactive glasses stimulated their proliferation and enhanced their viability. The proliferation of osteoblasts cultivated on bioactive films was 30% superior to the control sample. ZnO thin films or nanoparticles were deposited on hydrophilic textile substrates in oxygen flux or in vacuum in order to obtain structures with different wetting behavior. Increasing the number of laser pulses from 10 to 100, we observed a coating transition from isolated nanoparticles to thin films fully coating the textile fibers. Function of the ambient atmosphere during experiments, the structures changed their wetting behavior, passing from hydrophilic in oxygen flux to superhydrophobic (157°) in case of deposition in vacuum

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Groos, Karine. "Poudres et mélanges de poudres pour la fonctionnalisation et l’imprégnation de textiles à sec : formulation de poudres bifonctionnelles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0166.

Full text

Abstract:

S’intéressant aux interactions entre la formulation, le procédé et le produit, ce travail original axé sur la fonctionnalisation ignifuge de textiles utilisés dans les transports et le bâtiment porte sur le développement de poudres non feu. La ligne conductrice de cette étude étant de comprendre comment les propriétés ignifuges du textile technique peuvent être influencées par les choix de formulation ou de procédé de mélange. L'identification des besoins, c.-à-d. la réalisation d’un produit fini ignifuge, la conception de mélanges de granulométrie définie qui s’écoulent facilement et qui possèdent une sensibilité à l’inflammation faible, a permis de proposer et d’examiner diverses formulations. En matière de méthodologie ce projet combine l’approche sécurité à l’ingénierie produit. La sélection finale des mélanges sera fonction des résultats de cette analyse technique globale. Le travail expérimental a permis de sélectionner le polymère et l’agent ignifuge à la concentration de 40 % pour l’obtention en mélangeur interne de particules bifonctionnelles répondant aux spécifications fixées. Contrairement aux mélanges à retournement ou haute vitesse, les grains préparés par granulation Hot-Melt ont des liaisons mécaniques renforcées. Ce résultat semble s’expliquer par la bonne affinité, le bon rapport en termes de taille de particules entre les composants et une morphologie favorable à la formation de ce type de structures. Ce mode de fabrication a également permis de lever les deux principaux verrous à savoir préparer une poudre bifonctionnelle à haute teneur en agent ignifuge et réaliser un mélange qui ne se démélange pendant l’étape d’imprégnation du procédé DPreg
This original work deals with the functionalization of textile fire retardant used in transport and the building focused on the development of fire retardant powders while studying the interactions of three criteria: the formulation, process and product. The main line of this study is the understanding and quantification of the flame retardant properties of the textile, which can be influenced by the choice of formulation or mixing process. The identification of needs, i.e. the realization of a finished fire retardant, the design of defined particle size mixtures, which flow easily and possess low sensitivity to inflammation, allowed to propose and consider various formulations. This project methodology is a good example of the combination between two approaches: the product engineering and a safety approach. The final selection of mixtures will be based on the results of a comprehensive technical analysis. The experimental work allows us to select the polymer and the flame retardant at a concentration of 40% in order to obtain in an internal mixer of bifunctional particles meet the specifications set out in this study. Unlike conventional mixtures by inversion or high speed, the grains prepared by Hot-Melt granulation have enhanced mechanical linkages. This result seems to be due to the good affinity and good particle size ratio between the components and a good morphology to the formation of such structures. This manufacturing method also overcomes two obstacles; the preparation of a bifunctional powder with high content of flame retardant and the realization of a mixture which does not demix under the action of the electric field of the DPreg impregnation process

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Nordblad, Amanda. "Wall-Couture." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-692.

Full text

Abstract:

Wall-Couture is a project within the textile design field, which aims to explore methods for surface design in digitally printed wallpaper. Through a practice based working method, textile after-treatment techniques have been used to manipulate digitally printed wallpaper with hand-painted motives. Practices borrowed from haute couture have influenced the working method. The result is a range of design examples displaying various expressions of the techniques. The project shows that several surface materials could be applied in ways that enhance tactility and visual depth to digitally printed wallpaper, and also that methods from craftsmanship could be use to design contemporary wallpaper. The combination of techniques increases the designer’s opportunities to design wallpaper by using alternative approaches to material and surfaces. The work also strives to higher the value of handicraft, decoration and ornamentation in the design field. Another value is to strengthen the position of digital printing in the textile industry; the work encourages technical progress for creating digital print in combination with surface treatments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Iamamura, Patricia do Nascimento. "Corantes naturais do Cerrado para a produção do design de superfícies têxteis desenvolvidos com teares manuais: região de Carmo do Rio Claro-Furnas/MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-22032015-150213/.

Full text

Abstract:

Trata-se de estudo de caso a partir da abordagem do design de superfícies têxteis sobre a tecelagem manual, baseada em corantes naturais do Cerrado, na região de Carmo de Rio Claro-FURNAS. Observa-se, nesse contexto, uma grande aplicação da tecnologia tradicional do tear manual aliado ao uso de fibras. Esse saber-fazer,transmitido oralmente, representa fração significativa da economia regional e, em grande medida, a identidade cultural nesse contexto. No entanto, observa-se a perda do conhecimento específico relacionado ao uso de corantes naturais baseado em vegetais do Cerrado, apesar de espécies existentes nesse contexto. Assim, como objetivo geral, pretende-se estudar e analisar os corantes naturais nativos dessa região e suas respectivas aplicações com vistas ao desenvolvimento dessa produção baseada em tecelagem manual, processo fundamental para a população da região e experiência importante como referência em políticas públicas locais e regionais
This is a case study from the design approach of textile surfaces on handloom weaving, natural dyes based in the Cerrado region of Carmo Rio Claro-FURNAS. It is observed that context a major application of traditional handloom technology coupled with the use of fibers.This know-how, transmitted orally, represents significant fraction of the regional economy and to a large extent, cultural identity in this context. However, there is the loss of specific knowledge related to the use of natural dyes based on the Cerrado vegetables, although extant species in this context. As general objective, we intend to study and analyze the natural dyes natives of this region and their applications with a view to developing this production based on manual weaving, a process critical to the region\'s population as a reference and important experience in local and regional public policies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Redortier, Bernard. "Contribution de l'analyse de Fourier à la segmentation et la quantification des surfaces multi-texturées : application à l'analyse d'aspect des surfaces textiles." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET4018.

Full text

Abstract:

L'image d'une surface textile est définie comme la superposition de textures élémentaires. Un premier niveau de décomposition consiste à séparer les composantes périodique et non périodique. Ceci est réalisé par un processus automatique de filtrage sur la transformée de Fourier de l'image. Les pics de périodicité sont reconnus par un noyau basé sur des règles d'expertise et reproduisant le caractère incertain du jugement humain. La fonction de transfert du filtre s'autoadapte ensuite à la morphologie du spectre pour prendre en compte les distorsions de périodicité et les artefacts amenés par la transformée de Fourier numérique. Dans une deuxième partie, les liens théoriques étroits entre la co-occurence et l'autocorrélation sont établis. Il en découle une méthode rapide permettant de quantifier en dimension deux, une texture non périodique suivant des critères perceptuels tels que caractère organisé, contrasté, fin ou grossier, orienté. Une large part est faite dans la présentation à l'interprétation de la transformée de Fourier des images et aux artefacts amenés par le numérique. Le calcul complet de la transformée d'un réseau est développé à l'aide de notions telles que les lames de Dirac

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Potier, Victor. "Contrôle de l'adhésion d'acide polylactique imprimé sur différents substrats textiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI137.

Full text

Abstract:

Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier et d’améliorer l’adhésion d’impression directe par fusion de fil (FDM) d’acide polylactique (PLA) sur plusieurs types de substrats textiles qui diffèrent par leurs contextures et leurs matières. L’étude de l’adhésion a été effectuée grâce à l’étude des caractéristiques physico-chimique des substrats textiles et du PLA (DSC, ATG, rhéologie, mesure d’angle de contact) et également à l’étude de l’interface PLA/textiles (essai de pelage et étude MEB de l’interface). Dans la première partie l’influence de la nature chimique, de l’architecture des textiles ainsi que des paramètres d’impressions a été effectué. La seconde partie est consacrée aux voies d’amélioration de l’adhésion entre substrats textile et la PLA. Par plus particulièrement fonctionnalisation de la viscose (acétylation et greffage d’un aminosilane) et finalement par modification du PLA (greffage d’anhydride maléique et mélange avec un liquide ionique)
The Aim of this thesis is to characterize adhesion between PLA FDM-3D printed pattern and several type of textile (different chemical nature and different weave or knit pattern). The characterization has been performed thanks to physical and chemical analysis of both PLA and textiles material (DSC, TGA, rheology, contact angle measurement) and study of the interface (peeling test and SEM analysis). In the first part of this thesis, influence of the chemical, structural nature of textiles and influence of the processing parameters has been detailed. Second part focus on way of enhancing adhesion between PLA and viscose textile via acetylation and aminosilane grafting. Last part is dedicated to functionalization of PLA via grafting of anhydride maleic and blending with a ionic liquid. Use of the grafted PLA has proven to be an efficient way of enhancing the adhesion between PLA and viscose and silk-based textiles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Porcher, Mathieu. "CAMOLUTION : Contemporary surface pattern expressions in textile design." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13028.

Full text

Abstract:

Camolution is a project that explores the camouflage pattern in a textile designcontext. The motive is to reinterpret an obsolete concealment function andinstead, to hide and reveal visual textile aspects within the pattern. Theprimary aim of this work is to develop a contemporary camouflage patterncollection of printed and knitted textiles, and to explore the concealmentfunction through visual deceptions. The patterns were developed witha method that uses a selection of rules in colour contrasts,style influences and textile proprieties to design a series of patternexperiments. The final pattern designs were screen printed, digitalprinted and knitted, and applied as garment prototypes. This part wasdone in collaboration with the fashion brand Björn Borg. The result setsout a collection of textiles and clothes connected by three differentconcepts of misled vision. It was found that the camouflage function in thiswork was an efficient tool to advertise the brand symbols within the textiles.This work proposes an alternative design method of using the camouflageconcept in textile design, contributing with new expressions, techniquesand qualities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bal, Kheireddine. "Etude du comportement hydraulique de textiles techniques de type fourrure ou aquafourrure : caractérisation des propriétés de perméabilité et de rétention." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0195.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce mémoire présente une approche expérimentale pour déterminer les paramètres hydrauliques des aquafourrures, en vue d'une utilisation filtrante : perméabilité, ouverture de filtration, sites de rétention privilégiés. Pour décrire l'écoulement à travers l'aquafourrure et pouvoir prédire son coefficient de perméabilité, nous appliquons un modèle d'écoulement dans des capillaires et un modèle d'écoulement autour des fibres. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le deuxième modèle est mieux adapté. Une loi de perméabilité est proposée pour la structure particulière des fourrures. Les problèmes relatifs aux caractéristiques de rétention sont traités. Une méthodologie de laboratoire est mise au point, à l'aide de laquelle sont déterminés le taux de retenue lors d'un écoulement bref et gravitaire parallèlement et normalement aux poils de fourrures, et l'ouverture de filtration du matériau. Par la méthode optique d'anémométrie laser à effet Doppler, on établit des cartographies de champs de vitesses au voisinage des fibres modèles, visualisant ainsi l'écoulement. Ceci permet de préciser certains paramètres principaux qui peuvent caractériser le comportement de l'aquafourrure en milieux aqueux

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kristensen, Johnstone Tonje. "Surface patterns, spatiality and pattern relations in textile design." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12987.

Full text

Abstract:

This licentiate thesis focuses on surface patterns, spatiality, and pattern relations in textile design, and aims to explore surface patterns as spatial definers and what they mean in the context of surface patterns. A secondary focus relates to applying conceptual spatial determinations as alternative design variables in design processes, and exploring how these could be used to define and analyse pattern relations. Through a series of exploratory design experiments that used printed and projected surface patterns in a three-dimensional setting, which were documented using photographs and film, the notion of pattern relations, wherein scale was used as a design variable, was explored. The outcome of the experiments showed the expressional possibilities that surface patterns may provide in a defined space, and how these are connected to pattern relations. In order to encourage an accompanying discussion regarding alternative methods of analysing surface patterns, the construction of a theoretical model was initiated. Workshops with design students were used as another practical method in this work. The results showed that there is great potential in using conceptual spatial determinations to define pattern relations by viewing surface patterns as spatial definers, rather than taking a traditional perspective on their functions. Another outcome is the theoretical model, which proposes a specific approach to pattern relations. This research demonstrates how conceptual spatial determinations can benefit the textile design process, as well as design teaching, which could in turn provide the field with new expressions that may lead to a change in or fruitful addition to the practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Morgan, Laura. "Laser textile design : the development of laser dyeing and laser moulding processes to support sustainable design and manufacture." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23176.

Full text

Abstract:

This research developed new creative opportunities for textile design by investigating CO2 laser processing technology to achieve surface design and three-dimensional effects. A practice based and interdisciplinary textile design methodology was employed, integrating scientific and technical approaches with a reflective craft practice. It was found that the synthesis of design and science was imperative to achieving the research goal of evolving techniques that have opened new design opportunities for textile design whilst being viable and communicable for industrial and commercial application. Four distinct Laser Textile Design techniques were developed in this research including: a laser enhanced dyeing technique for wool and wool blends; Peri-Dyeing, a laser dye fixation technique; a laser moulding technique; and a laser fading linen technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Li, Tukun. "Softgauges for surface texture." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11357/.

Full text

Abstract:

Surface texture plays an important role in the specification of a precision workpiece. However, the route of traceability for surface texture measurements is not well developed. One of the main technical obstacles is the lack of tools to check traceability of the software of surface measuring instruments and to estimate uncertainty contributed by the software. To this end, the concept of softgauges (i.e. software measurement standards) for surface texture has been introduced into the international standards. The presented thesis documents the realisation of softgauges for surface texture, which is a part of the National Measurement System in the UK. These standards, in the form of the reference dataset with reference results, have been developed by both simulation and experimental methods. The analysis of software uncertainty has been undertaken. These measurement standards have been used to verify both reference software(developed by the National Measurement Institutes) and commercial packages (developed by instrument manufacturers). In addition, the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty in workshop level has been carried on. These developed standards provided a novel route to demonstrate metrological traceability of most surface profile parameters. Currently, these standards are distributed via the internet by the National Measurement Laboratory (NPL) in the UK. These standards are also recognised by NIST in the USA and PTB in Germany, and these organisations would also provide a suitable vehicle to distribute of the results of this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Shet, Rupesh N. "Transform domain texture synthesis on surfaces." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14466.

Full text

Abstract:

In the recent past application areas such as virtual reality experiences, digital cinema and computer gamings have resulted in a renewed interest in advanced research topics in computer graphics. Although many research challenges in computer graphics have been met due to worldwide efforts, many more are yet to be met. Two key challenges which still remain open research problems are, the lack of perfect realism in animated/virtually-created objects when represented in graphical format and the need for the transmissiim/storage/exchange of a massive amount of information in between remote locations, when 3D computer generated objects are used in remote visualisations. These challenges call for further research to be focused in the above directions. Though a significant amount of ideas have been proposed by the international research community in their effort to meet the above challenges, the ideas still suffer from excessive complexity related issues resulting in high processing times and their practical inapplicability when bandwidth constraint transmission mediums are used or when the storage space or computational power of the display device is limited. In the proposed work we investigate the appropriate use of geometric representations of 3D structure (e.g. Bezier surface, NURBS, polygons) and multi-resolution, progressive representation of texture on such surfaces. This joint approach to texture synthesis has not been considered before and has significant potential in resolving current challenges in virtual realism, digital cinema and computer gaming industry. The main focus of the novel approaches that are proposed in this thesis is performing photo-realistic texture synthesis on surfaces. We have provided experimental results and detailed analysis to prove that the proposed algorithms allow fast, progressive building of texture on arbitrarily shaped 3D surfaces. In particular we investigate the above ideas in association with Bezier patch representation of 3D objects, an approach which has not been considered so far by any published world wide research effort, yet has flexibility of utmost practical importance. Further we have discussed the novel application domains that can be served by the inclusion of additional functionality within the proposed algorithms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Reid, Carol Anne. "Texture analysis of bone mineralisation surfaces." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287800.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Addae-Badu, S. "Large colour differences between surface colours." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373215.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Davis, Robin Michelle. "Comparison of Surface Characteristics of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Surfaces at the Virginia Smart Road." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34177.

Full text

Abstract:

Pavement surface characteristics are important to both the safety of the pavement surface and the comfort of the drivers. As of yet, texture and friction measurements have not been incorporated into the design of pavement surfaces. Seven different wearing surface mixtures, placed at the Virginia Smart Road pavement facility, were studied over a one year time period for both friction and texture properties. A locked wheel skid trailer and a laser profilometer were used to assess the pavement surface characteristics. Laboratory testing of the pavement wearing surface mixtures was performed to determine volumetric and mixture specific characteristics. Testing included gyratory compaction, specific gravity, maximum theoretical specific gravity, ignition testing, and gradation analysis. These material properties were used to study the impact of material properties on pavement surface characteristics. The pavement surface characteristics were analyzed using regression analysis with some measured and calculated parameters relevant to the pavement wearing surface properties. Analysis variables included the skid number at 64 kilometers per hour measured using the ASTM E501 (smooth) and ASTM E524 (ribbed) tires, the mean profile depth, the slope of a linear SN-speed model, the skid number at zero speed from the Pennsylvania State University (1) model, and the International Friction Index parameters. Analysis determined that testing particulars such as the grade of the test did not significantly affect the measured skid number. However, there is a significant difference between the skid numbers measured using the two tires. Additionally, the relationship between speed and skid resistance is assessed differently between the two test tires. Regression analysis concluded that there is a relationship between surface characteristics and HMA design properties such as the VMA, VTM, Percent Passing #200 sieve, and Binder Type. The influence of these variables on each of the analysis parameters varied.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Dumitrescu, Delia. "Relational textiles : surface expressions in space design." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3670.

Full text

Abstract:

The emergence of the Smart Textiles field opens possibilities for designers to combine traditional surface fabrication techniques with advanced technology in the design process. The purpose of this work is to develop knowledge on interactive knitted textiles as materials for architecture and to do so through practice-based design research. The thesis formulates a research program in order to frame the design explorations, in which scale and material expression are major placeholders. Consequently, Relational Textiles for Space Design is defined as a research program with focus on surface aesthetics and the program is illustrated by design experiments exploring the expressiveness of light, heat and movement as design materials. As a result of the research presented in this thesis, a new methodological framework for interactive textile design is proposed. The framework defines field of reference and frame of reference as basic notions in surface design. These notions form a basic frame used to revise and present the methods behind the design examples Knitted Light, Touching Loops, Designing with Heat, Tactile Glow, Repetition and Textile Forms in Movement. Relating the space of Relational Textiles for Space Design to existing surface methodology in architecture gives rise to new issues that need to be addressed. For which levels of the design process will these textiles be integrated? The last chapter reflects on the role of Relational Textiles for Space Design as possible methods or expressions in the existing space of surface prototyping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Tourlonias, Michel. "Caractérisation optique de surfaces textiles : aspects dynamiques et polarimétriques." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0815.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail consiste à caractériser l'état de surface de matériaux fibreux (tissus et non-tissés) et en particulier leur rugosité (texture) et leur pilosité superficielle. Pour ce faire, plusieurs méthodes optiques sont mises en oeuvre. Le principe consiste à étudier la surface du matériau, qui doit être périodique, par une analyse de Fourier de la réflexion d'un trait lumineux laser balayant circulairement la surface. Cette méthode est déclinée sous plusieurs formes : un rugosimètre et/ou extensomètre et un rugosimètre prenant en compte également les paramètres de polarisation de l'onde réfléchie. Une dépolarisation accrue de la lumière réfléchie traduit une pilosité plus importante de la surface. La prise en compte des phénomènes polarimétriques permet de mettre en exergue des différences de surface selon leur capacité à dépolariser. De plus, un montage d'imagerie polarimétrique a permis de différencier par leur degré de polarisation les différentes zones d'un non-tissé thermolié
This work consists in characterizing the state of surface of fibrous materials (woven fabrics and nonwovens) and particularly their roughness (texture) and their surface hairiness. To this end, several optical methods were developed. The principle consists in studying the surface of the material, which have to be periodical, through a Fourier analysis of the reflection of a laser light line describing a ring. This method is used in several forms: a roughnessmeter and/or extensometer and a roughnessmeter which also takes into account the polarization parameters of the reflected beam. An increase of the depolarization of the reflected light corresponds to a larger hairiness of the surface. Taking into account the polarimetric phenomena allows to highlight surface differences according to their capacity to depolarize. Moreover, a polarimetric imaging device permitted to differentiate the different zones of a spunbonded nonwoven through their degree of polarization

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Arnbert, Camilla. "Surfaced Print." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-524.

Full text

Abstract:

This bachelor degree work explores the interrelation between print and surface in fashion design and aims to investigate the expressional possibilities in merging of techniques. With focus on creating an irregular surface through embroidery and fringing, three-dimensional expressions are created, resulting in an illusion of depth and movement within the motifs. The work is textile-driven, hence the main focus has been to find materials, applicational techniques and motifs that interact with each other without conflicts. Through the use of heat sensitive yarns within the transfer printing process a clear relationship between texture and motif occur where the different aspects affect each other and are equally important for the final visual expression. It is the heat-press used to transfer print from paper to surface that is the most vital step of the process. This work strives to propose a transposed order of applying techniques within a design process. Whilst the act of embellishing existing prints has been investigated by a range of designers, this project propose an order where the print is added post additive surface-manipulation. Therefore this work is to be seen as a suggestion of new ways of approaching the use of prints within the fashion field. Balancing between fashion design and textile design, the collection is based on generic prints and shapes which are affected by the surface manipulations used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Bueno, Marie-Ange. "Caractérisation tribologique des surfaces textiles : application au contrôle de traitements spécifiques d'ennoblissement." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0461.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette étude présente une méthode tribologique de quantification de l'emérisage et du grattage. Trois appareillages ont été utilisés, un existant (le testeur de surface du KES-F) et deux développés durant cette étude : un tribomètre unidirectionnel et un rugosimètre multidirectionnel. L'étoffe est frottée grâce à un palpeur ; la mesure classique de la force de frottement n'étant pas suffisante, le signal obtenu est étudié dans le domaine fréquentiel. L'autospectre calculé présente un pic de fréquence (ou plusieurs dans le cas du rugosimètre multidirectionnel), correspondant à l'armure ou au liage et à la contexture de l'étoffe, et dont la hauteur varie avec l'intensité du traitement. La hauteur diminue après l'opération, ce qui provient d'une modification plus ou moins directe de la rugosité de l'étoffe. Cette méthode convient également à la mesure de l'apprêt chintz, du repassage et du thermoliage des non tissés ; il doit être possible de l'étendre à d'autres traitements. Une étude bibliographique sur le toucher humain a révélé une grande corrélation entre la mesure développée et celle effectuée par la main, en particulier pour le rugosimètre multidirectionnel qui donne donc une indication concernant la topographie de l'étoffe ainsi que ses directions fondamentales qui dépendent de l'armure et du liage

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Maurin, Bernard. "Morphogénèse des membranes textiles architecturales." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20028.

Full text

Abstract:

Le developpement des structures a base de toiles textiles tendues souligne l'insuffisance des approches conceptuelles traditionnelles et necessite de nouvelles methodes. Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire se rapportent ainsi a l'etude des procedes de recherche de forme des membranes textiles architecturales et a la decoupe de laizes. Nous mettons tout d'abord en evidence l'insuffisance d'une representation discrete des toiles tendues (reseaux de cables) et proposons la methode de recherche de forme des densites de contraintes surfaciques qui s'appuie sur une modelisation continue du domaine. Cet aspect est complete par une etude de la stabilite ainsi que des mecanismes des structures tendues. L'attention se porte ensuite sur les procedes destines a l'investigation de formes minimales : reseaux de cables de longueur minimale et surfaces d'aire minima. Deux methodes sont presentees, une premiere fondee sur l'utilisation des methodes de densites et une seconde approche liee a la minimisation de fonctionnelles selon la methode du gradient conjugue (problemes d'optimisation). Nous proposons egalement un outil autorisant le calcul des caracteristiques geometriques des surfaces (valeurs des courbures moyennes et gaussiennes en tout point du milieu). Enfin, la methode de composition des contraintes dediee a la determination des formes de decoupe du tissu permet de prendre en consideration les parametres de geometrie, etat de pretension du domaine et rheologie du materiau, tout en attenuant les erreurs inherentes a toute decoupe de laizes (minimisation selon des methodes de moindres carres). Ces developpements visent a apporter des reponses concretes aux problemes poses, directement utilisables par les concepteurs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Dong, Junyu. "Three-dimensional surface texture synthesis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/427.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chen, Guangyu. "Texture Based Road Surface Detection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1213805526.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tigges, Mark. "Two-dimensional texture mapping of implicit surfaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ48051.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Textile surfaces'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles