Academic literature on the topic 'Textile quality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Textile quality":
1
Seninde, Denis Richard, Edgar Chambers IV, Delores H. Chambers, and Edgar Chambers V. "Development of a Consumer-Based Quality Scale for Artisan Textiles: A Study with Scarves/Shawls." Textiles 1, no. 3 (October 27, 2021): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030025.
Abstract:
Modern textile consumers are increasingly becoming more watchful of the quality of the textiles that they purchase. This has increased the need for textile producers, especially artisan textile makers (e.g., knitters, tailors, dressmakers, seamstresses, and quilters), to improve the quality of their textile products. Information on several analytical tools that are commonly used for assessing the quality of textiles is abundant, but consumer-based tools for evaluating the quality of textiles remain limited. A consumer-based artisan textile-quality scale was developed using data collected from two focus groups (Phase 1) and a consumer quantitative study, n = 196 (Phase 2). Ten scarves and shawls were evaluated in the quantitative study and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences between the mean textile ratings for all the statements. Coefficient alpha (final raw alpha = 0.87) was also used to assess if the statements were consistent in the way they measured the quality of the textiles. Pearson correlation tests were used to validate the six-statement quality scale that included statements such as overall attention to detail, the fabric is durable, and stitching is even and consistent. Artisan textile makers in the USA can use this scale to better meet the functional needs of their customers. Additionally, the process that was employed in the development of the six-statement quality scale can be used by researchers in other countries to understand better the key quality characteristics of artisan as well other textile products.
2
Zhao, Xueqing, Xin Shi, Kaixuan Liu, and Yongmei Deng. "An intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2018-0005.
Abstract:
PurposeThe quality of produced textile fibers plays a very important role in the textile industry, and detection and assessment schemes are the key problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a relatively simple and effective technique to detect and assess the quality of produced textile fibers.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve automatic visual inspection of fabric defects, first, images of the textile fabric are pre-processed by using Block-Matching and 3-D (BM3D) filtering. And then, features of textile fibers image are respectively extracted, including color, texture and frequency spectrum features. The color features are extracted by using hue–saturation–intensity model, which is more consistent with the human vision perception model; texture features are extracted by using scale-invariant feature transform scheme, which is a quite good method to detect and describe the local image features, and the obtained features are robust to local geometric distortion; frequency spectrum features of textiles are less sensitive to noise and intensity variations than spatial features. Finally, for evaluating the quality of the fabric in real time, two quantitatively metric parameters, peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity, are used to objectively assess the quality of textile fabric image.FindingsCompared to the quality between production and pre-processing of textile fiber images, the BM3D filtering method is a very efficient technology to improve the quality of textile fiber images. Compared to the different features of textile fibers, like color, texture and frequency spectrum, the proposed detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature can easily detect and assess the quality of textiles. Moreover, the objective metrics can further improve the intelligence and performance of detection and assessment schemes, and it is very simple to detect and assess the quality of textiles in the textile industry.Originality/valueAn intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature is proposed, which can efficiently detect and assess the quality of textiles, thereby improving the efficiency of textile production lines.
3
Lewis, Erin. "Between yarns and electrons: A method for designing electromagnetic expressions in woven smart textiles." Artifact 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 23.1–23.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art_00023_1.
Abstract:
The design of woven smart textiles presents a discrepancy of scale where the designer works at the level of structural textile design while facets of the material express at scales beyond one’s senses. Without appropriate methods to address these unknown (or hidden) material dimensions, certain expressional domains of the textile are closed off from textile design possibilities. The aim of the research has been to narrow the gap that presents when one designs simultaneously at the scale of textile structure and electron flow in yarns. It does this by detailing a method for sensing, visualizing, and discussing expressions of electromagnetism in woven smart textiles. Based on experimental research, a method of textile surface scanning is proposed to produce a visualization of the textile’s electromagnetic field. The woven textile samples observed through this method reveal an unknown textural quality that exists within the electron flow – an electromagnetic texture, which emerges at the intersection of woven design and electromagnetic domain variables. The research further contributes to the definition of specific design variables such as: field strength and diffusion expanding the practice of woven smart textile design to the electromagnetic domain.
4
Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Analysis on Tensile Properties of Stainless-Steel Fiber and Yarn Quality." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.176.
Abstract:
Stainless steel fiber is a new sort of soft industrial material developed in the past decades. The pure stainless fiber has a number of outstanding properties and is getting wider range of application in textiles which are used as industrial textiles. The tensile properties between stainless steel fiber and traditional textile fibers are quiet different. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless fiber difficult. Based on the testing of breaking force, breaking strength and breaking elongation rate, this paper analyzed the tensile characteristic of stainless fiber and discussed its effect on yarn quality.
5
Yao, Gui Fen. "Quality Evaluation for Automobile Seat Woven Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1427.
Abstract:
Industrial textiles is designed with engineering structure textiles. Transportation textiles is one of the main types of industrial textiles. Automobile seat fabric is one of the decorative materials in automobile textile fabrics. The fabric should have soft handle, good air permeability, coordinate color, luxury and generous pattern, wear-resisting, anti-fouling, flame retardant, certain friction factor and antistatic property. In recent years, requirements for automobile textiles of safety, health, environmental protection is more and more high. In order to evaluate the automobile seat woven fabric quality, need to have a simple and effective standard. Quality indexes should be comprehensive. The test method of quality index should be operable. In the existing relevant standards, the test content is not consistent. The existing relevant standards are national standards, textile industry standards and automotive industry standards. Within textile industry standard FZ/T 24005-2010 wool textiles for chair, the technical requirements include safety specification, classification rules, physical quality rating, internal quality rating, appearance quality rating. For flame retardant performance, must meet the following requirements: damaged length ≤200mm, afterflame time ≤15s. Within national standard GB 8410-2006, flammability of automotive interior materials, for flame retardant performance, must meet the following requirements: burning rate ≤100mm/min. Within automotive industry standard QC/T 633-2009 the seats of passenger vehicles, for safety specification, seat fabric must meet the B grade in GB 18401. Based on some effective standard, established suitable standard for automobile seat woven fabric. The standard covers quality evaluation content, performance levels and the methods of test to be used to determine these performance levels.
6
Schuch, Alice Beyer. "The chemical recycle of cotton." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2016.v2.155.
Abstract:
The chemical recycle of cotton textiles and/or other cellulosic materials for the purpose of manufacturing regenerated high quality textiles fibres is a novel process. The objective of related research is based on the forecast of population growth, on resource scarcity predictions, and on the negative environmental impact of the textile industry. These facts lead the need of broadening the scope for long-term textile-to-textile recycle - as the mechanical recycle of natural fibres serve for limited number of cycles, still depends on input of virgin material, and offer a reduced-in-quality output. Critical analysis of scientific papers, relevant related reports, and personal interviews were the base of this study, which shows viable results in laboratorial scale of using low-quality cellulosic materials as input for the development of high-quality regenerated textile fibres though ecological chemical process. Nevertheless, to scale up and implement this innovative recycle method, other peripheral structures are requested, such as recover schemes or appropriate sort, for instance. Further researches should also be considered in regards to colours and impurities.
7
BŘEZINOVÁ, HELENA, MIROSLAVA PECHOČIAKOVÁ, and JANA GRABMÜLLEROVÁ. "IDENTIFYING THE MATERIALS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTILES." Fibres and Textiles 30, no. 1 (2023): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2023-1-024.
Abstract:
Given their organic origin, textiles rank among the rarest archaeological finds. While the vast majority of these artefacts are preserved as small fragments or mineralised remnants, their detailed textile technology study provides interesting and important information about the use of textile techniques and the quality of processing. The most important information concerns the utilised textile materials, but for degraded textiles, these materials are among the most difficult information to obtain. Image analysis using electron microscopy (SEM) is a significant aide in this pursuit.
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BEKIR, YITIK. "Quality assessment of fabrics obtained from waste." Industria Textila 73, no. 04 (August 31, 2022): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.04.202164.
Abstract:
The need for ready-made clothing and home textiles produced from natural and synthetic fibres is increasing day by day in order to meet the needs of the increasing world population. Recently, the concepts of sustainability and recycling have gained importance in the textile industry. The rapid change in today's trends has developed disposable habits. Due to the rapidly changing fashion trends, the product variety has increased and mass production has been preferred. Therefore, the priority for customers to choose the products was not the material used, but whether they fit the current fashion trend. Thus, the use and production of natural fibres should be increased to reduce environmental pollution and meet production demand. Thanks to recycling, it is possible to reuse the waste textile materials that we leave to nature. Due to the increase in agricultural production costs, it has become difficult to obtain the raw materials used for textiles. When a life cycle system is created for raw materials that evaluate them until it is produced in nature and then return to nature, production with textile waste recycling can be advantageous. Using natural waste fibres instead of natural virgin fibres to produce home textile products both reduces costs and makes production easier. In this study, recycled (waste) cotton was obtained by shredding white, 100% cotton woven duvet covers and sheets purchased from a private hospital. A 50%-50% waste-natural blend was created from the cotton obtained. 54 wire reference fabrics were woven using open-end yarns numbered Ne24 and Ne12 produced from this blend. The physical characteristics of the fabric were investigated. The results obtained were analysed statistically and the effect of the blend created on the fabric quality was comprehensively examined.
9
Shamsiddinovich, Muminov Najmiddin, Alimova Zarina Muzaffarovna, and Vasiev Xayrulla Ulugbekovich. "Research On Cotton Fibre For The Production Of Quality Textile Products." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 06 (June 18, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue06-04.
Abstract:
The article presents the theoretical foundations of cotton and cotton fibre as the main strategic raw material for the production of quality textiles. It also highlights a brief history of the origin, properties, cultivation, collection and use of cotton. Information about the current state of the world market for the production and use of cotton. It will be argued that quality assurance is a complex problem that requires a lot of effort and responsibility on the part of all participants in the production of textile products. In addition, the methods and results of the study of quality indicators of cotton fibre - as the main raw material for textiles are presented.
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Xamid, Isaev. "ADVANCEMENTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: REVOLUTIONIZING UZBEKISTAN'S TEXTILE INDUSTRY." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-04-08.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology has emerged as a pivotal force in revolutionizing various industries, with its application in textiles being particularly noteworthy. Uzbekistan, endowed with a rich textile heritage, has embraced nanotechnology to enhance the quality, functionality, and sustainability of its textile products. This article explores the current state of nanotechnology adoption in Uzbekistan's textile industry, highlighting its key applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Through a comprehensive analysis of ongoing research and development initiatives, Uzbekistan's trajectory in leveraging nanotechnology for textile innovation is elucidated, underscoring its potential to propel the nation's textile sector towards unprecedented heights.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Textile quality":
1
Talman, Riikka. "Changeability as a quality in textile design." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15990.
Abstract:
The tendency to wear out and change is inherent in most materials, but – aside from a few exceptions – has been considered to be undesirable by both the industry and consumers. The work presented in this licentiate thesis suggests that, due to change in some form being an inherent property of textiles, it may be viable to look for alternative ways of designing and perceiving textiles that accept change as one of their qualities. The experimental work explores change as a quality in textiles from the perspective of the textile material, and examines irreversible changes in textiles from three different perspectives: form, use, and teaching changeability in the field of textile design. Changes in colour, pattern, texture, and structure were explored by developing knitted and woven textiles using materials with pronounced changeable properties, and exposing these to various stimuli, such as outdoor conditions and use in workshops. The experiments suggest that the combination of material and structure defines how textiles change when exposed to various stimuli. A material’s properties define what the textile reacts to and how, while the structure of the textile influences how it changes through the amount and placement of materials. In addition, time and the handling of a textile shape the exact changes that take place. Designing with changeability as a quality in textiles opens up for alternative possibilities as regards creating expressions, wherein time and change are design variables alongside more traditional qualities, and could encourage a diversity of lifespans and changes over various timescales, better connecting textiles to the properties of their raw materials. This may mean that an alternative method for evaluating quality based on change instead of permanence could be viable, wherein the notion of permanence as a sign of quality in textiles is questioned.
2
Balakrishnan, Harinarayanan. "FDICS : a vision-based system for identification and classification of fabric defects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8465.
3
Tshifularo, Cyrus Alushavhiwi. "Comparative performance of natural and synthetic fibre nonwoven geotextiles." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21362.
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to establish a range of suitable process parameters which can be utilized to produce needlepunched nonwoven fabrics for geotextile applications. Nonwoven fabrics were produced from 100% PP, a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf and 100% kenaf fibres. The depths of needle penetration of 4, 7 and 10 mm, stroke frequencies of 250, 350 and 450 strokes/min and mass per unit area of 300, 600 and 900 g/m2 were utilized for producing the fabrics, on a Dilo loom. The effect of depth of needle penetration, stroke frequency and mass per unit area on the fabric properties, namely, tensile strength, puncture resistance, pore size, water permeability and transmissivity were analysed. In addition, the effect of chemicals, namely, 10% ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 3% sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solutions on degradation of the fabric was also studied. The results have shown that density, thickness and nominal weight of the needlepunched nonwoven fabrics were related to each other and they were influenced by stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and feed rate of the needlepunching process. The increase in nominal weight of the fabrics also increases thickness and density of the fabrics. The tensile strength and puncture resistance of the fabrics increased with the increases in stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and fabric mass per unit area. However, lower tensile strength and puncture resistance were achieved in the fabrics produced at lower stroke frequency, lower depth of needle penetration and lower mass per unit area. Bigger pores were resulted in the fabrics produced at lower stroke frequency, lower depth of needle penetration and lower mass per unit area, however, pore size decreased with increases in stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and mass per unit area. Water permeability depends on the pore size, properties of the fibres, stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and mass per unit area. Higher tensile strength and higher puncture resistance were achieved in the needlepunched nonwoven fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres, therefore, they are suitable for some load-bearing geotextile applications, such as reinforcement and separation. However, higher water permeability was achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% kenaf fibres, therefore, they are ideal for geotextile applications where good water permeability is required. Higher values for transmissivity were obtained in the fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres, therefore they are suitable for drainage applications. The fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres achieved better values of tensile strength, puncture resistance, pore size and water permeability in comparison to that produced from 100% PP and 100% kenaf fibres. However, better tensile strength and puncture resistance were achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres and bigger pore size and higher water permeability were achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% kenaf fibres. Therefore, it can be suggested that the nonwoven fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres can fulfil almost all requirements of geotextile applications, such as, filtration, separation, reinforcement and drainage. The fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres were not damaged or deteriorated when treated with all the three chemicals due to chemical inertness of polypropylene. However, the fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf and 100% kenaf fibres were damaged and deteriorated when treated with H2SO4.
4
Chow, Lai Chun Jenny. "A study of communication in a textile quality management services company." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/86.
5
Bel, Patricia Damian. "Cotton quality - fibre to fabric: fibre properties relationships to fabric quality." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003193/.
Abstract:
[Abstract]: The textile industry has a recurrent white speck nep problem in cotton. “White specks” are immature clusters of fibres that are not visible as defects until dyeing, after which they remain white on the surface of a darkly dyed fabric, or appear as non uniform streaks in the fabric. Both results render the fabric unsuitable for commercial fashion fabrics. The white speck potential of cotton is difficult to predict except in extremely immature cottons. Competitive synthetic fibres are uniform in length and strength and never have a maturity problem resulting in dye defects. They are much more predictable in the mill. As a result, cotton faces the risk of being replaced by synthetic fibres. Industry requires a method to predict fabric quality from cotton bale fibre properties to minimize this risk. This research addresses the problem of predicting white specks in dyed cotton fabrics. It is part of a large study, which is supported jointly by US and Australian agencies. The main objective is to predict fabric quality from bale fibre properties given controlled gin and mill processing. Gin and mill processing must be controlled so that field and varietal effects can be seen without the interaction of mechanical processing differences. This results in achieving other objectives, including the provision of baseline data for Australian varieties, ginning effects and comparison of ring and open-end spinning. Initially a reliable method for measuring white specks had to be found. Several systems have been evaluated and are reported here. The systems accuracy was compared using fabrics from the US Extreme Variety Study (EVS), which was grown specifically to have different levels of white specks. The fabrics made from the US (Leading Variety Study 1993 (LVS) and The American Textile Manufacturers Institute (ATMI) Cotton Variety Processing Trials, 2001) and the Australian (1998 & 1999) variety studies were analysed using AutoRate-2-03, the best of the image analysis systems studied. The final release of AutoRate (February 2003) was developed by Dr. Bugao Xu to measure white specks on dark fabrics in conjunction with this research. This final analysis of these studies results in white speck prediction equations from high-speed fibre measurement systems. This information should be immediately useful to as a tool to measure the effects of field and ginning practices on the levels of white specks without having to carry the research out to finished fabrics. Cotton breeders will be able to use the equations in the development of new varieties with low white speck potential, by eliminating varieties with high white speck potential early on. The research will continue on a much larger scale in the US and hopefully a WSP (White Speck Potential) value will be incorporated into the US Cotton Grading System.
6
Guermonprez, Philippe. "Inspection automatique des matériaux plans texturés." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e4329f80-b368-4f43-a639-0f80c3bb838d.
Abstract:
Qualité et flexibilité sont les deux atouts de l'industrie textile des pays industrialisés pour faire face à la concurrence. Pour jouer son rôle de référence, le contrôle qualité doit être automatisé. Insuffisantes, les machines actuelles doivent être améliorées tant au niveau des méthodes que des matériels: c'est ce qui a été fait dans le cadre d'un programme BRITE. Les travaux ont porté sur les méthodes et particulièrement sur l'extraction des défauts de leur contexte texture. La méthode proposée s'appuie sur un principe connu, la transformée de Fourier et débouche sur un filtrage nouveau permettant une détection de parties de défaut, qu'il faut donc compléter par une procédure spécifique de chainage intra et intercamera. Étendue aux tissus tissés teints, la méthode offre de nouvelles possibilités en matière de segmentation d'image colorée. La réalisation d'un prototype correspondant de machine d'inspection a permis de constater (pour des tissus monochromes) la qualité des résultats, à un type de défaut près et de garantir la faisabilité industrielle de cette machine. Pour les tisses teints, les tests sont probants mais demandent une validation industrielle.
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Jaftha, Desiree Virginia. "South African National Accreditation System accreditation : a case study of a university of technology textile testing laboratory." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1222.
Abstract:
Thesis (MTech (Quality))Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2008.The South African Government provides support to the clothing and textile industry by making funding available through programs in the Department of Science and Technology, such as the Tshumisano Technology Stations Program. The Technology Stations Program in particular supports a Technology Station in Clothing and Textiles (TSCT) at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), serving the needs for technology support and skills upgrading of the industry in the Western Cape, and in some instances, nationally. The TSCT testing laboratory provides testing services to small medium and large companies in South Africa at a reduced cost. The laboratory emphasises that customers should have fabrics tested before production commences. In this regard, the company will know the quality of the fabric or garment being purchased or manufactured. The laboratory technicians and assistants undergo a 'Woolworths' certification process on their test methods on an annual basis. The Woolworths certification is customer based. The laboratory is faced on a daily bases with the problem that more and more of their customers request that the facility should seek higher 'accreditation', as opposed to the current 'certification' it currently holds. The TSCT testing laboratory in addition has a responsibility to satisfy all of its customer certification and accreditation needs. Against this background, the management of the CPUT TSCT testing laboratory is now seeking accreditation from the South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) to widen the spectrum of its testing abilities. The primary research objectives of this dissertation are: To determine what the requirements are for SANAS accreditation by the CPUT TSCT testing laboratory. To determine if the CPUT TSCT testing laboratory is subject to a forced intervention for SANAS accreditation. To determine the criteria required for the CPUT TSCT testing laboratory accreditation. To determine the benefits that could be gleaned from this accreditation. To determine the effectiveness of the laboratory system, with regard to the fact that in addition to testing, the laboratory is used for teaching and learning. Descriptive research will serve as the research type, as it will describe an existing phenomena taking place. The research will be theoretical in nature and conducted in terms of both positivistic and phenomenological paradigms. Case study research will serve as research method. Data collection for the proposed research will be conducted using questionnaires. The CPUT Clothing and Textile Technology Department will serve as sampling frame, while the sample of respondents will be drawn on the basis of probability sampling. The sample will include lecturing staff, students, industry testing customers, textile test laboratory technicians, administration and support staff, all of whom are directly involved with the operation or make use of the laboratory facilities.
8
Zeh, Christopher Michael. "Softwear: A Flexible Design Framework For Electronic Textile Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31792.
Abstract:
Because of their ubiquity and low cost fabrication techniques, electronic textiles (e-textiles) are an excellent platform for pervasive computing. Many e-textile applications are already available in the commercial, military, and academic domains, but most are very highly specialized and do not lend themselves easily to reuse or alteration. The purpose of this work is threefold: development of a methodology for building flexible and reusable applications that facilitates their use in the evolution of more complex systems, creation of a resource manager that realizes the methodology and enforces quality of service guarantees on tightly constrained textile resources, and construction of a simulation environment that allows for the rapid development and reconfiguration of systems to circumvent the need for the expensive physical prototyping process. This work discuss the effectiveness and appropriateness of the deployed event-driven hierarchical service model for application development. Additionally, this work explores the results of providing fault tolerance and quality of service guarantees in a textile environment that is particularly susceptible to faults. Further addressed by this work is the success of rapid prototyping and evaluation of applications in the simulation environment.Master of Science
9
Lezeck, Hendrick. "Textile CearÃ: reverticalizaÃÃo processes and their impacts on the quality and productivity." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3590.
Abstract:
This work aims to verify the impacts that the reversing process in the results of quality and productivity produced in textile companies in Cearà which adopted this strategy. After analyzing the value chains, many companies that at first outsourced are now rethinking their decisions and when needed taking an inverse approach, that
is, not outsourcing their activities any more. That is why it is important to understand what are the main factors that lead to this process. The research related to the
outcome is of descriptive and exploring nature; regarding the approach to the problem, it is of quality concerning. Based on bibliographic research that subsidized the referential theory proceeded further investigation giving support to the empirical analyses. Semi-structured Questioner and interviews were carried out with executives managers and operatives in three textile companies of great capacity in CearÃ, based in deliberate exemplification. The results show that the strategic decisions of the reversing process has been motivated by the commitment to the quality of products and procedures, targeting mainly the best quality service to the clients. This derived from several problems pointed out by companies that by outsourcing operate.O trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os impactos da reverticalizaÃÃo de processos nos resultados de qualidade e produtividade gerados em empresas tÃxteis cearenses que optaram por esta estratÃgia. ApÃs anÃlise na sua cadeia de valor, muitas empresas, que incialmente adotaram o processo da terceirizaÃÃo, estÃo repensando suas decisÃes e quando necessÃrio, seguindo o caminho inverso, ou seja, desterceirizando suas atividades. Portanto, torna-se importante, compreender quais foram os principais fatores motivadores deste processo. A pesquisa, quanto aos fins, à de natureza descritiva e exploratÃria; com relaÃÃo à abordagem do problema, à de foco qualitativo. Com base na pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, que subsidiou o referencial teÃrico, procedeu-se a uma busca de campo, que deu suporte à anÃlise empÃrica. Foram aplicados questionÃrios e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para os gestores executivos e operacionais em trÃs empresas tÃxteis de grande porte do CearÃ, com base na amostragem intencional. Os resultados indicam que a decisÃo estratÃgica da reverticalizaÃÃo foi motivada pelo compromisso com a qualidade de seus produtos e processos, visando principalmente ao melhor atendimento aos clientes. Isto decorreu de problemas diversos observados pelas empresas com a terceirizaÃÃo de suas atividades-meio. Palavras-chave: reverticalizaÃÃo, terceirizaÃÃo, cadeia de valor e indÃstrias tÃxteis.
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Mhetre, Shamal Kamalakar. "Effect of fabric structure on liquid transport, ink jet drop spreading and printing quality." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28244.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Radhakrishnaiah Parachuru; Committee Member: Dr. Dong Yao; Committee Member: Dr. Fred Cook; Committee Member: Dr. Wallace Carr; Committee Member: Dr. Yehia El Mogahzy
Books on the topic "Textile quality":
1
Shustov, Yuriy, Sergey Kiryuhin, Aleksey Matrohin, and Nadezhda Smirnova. Textile Materials Science and Quality management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079228.
Abstract:
The textbook provides general information about the properties of fibers, threads, fabrics, knitted and non-woven materials. The features of their structure, methods of obtaining, methods of determining quality indicators are given. The issues of quality control and management of textile materials are highlighted.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of textile universities studying in the field of training "Technology and design of textile products".
2
Chowdhary, Usha. Textile analysis: Quality control and innovative users. Deer Park, N.Y: Linus Publications, Inc., 2009.
3
Purushothama, B. Work quality management in the textile industry. New Delhi: Woodhead Publishing India PVT Ltd, 2013.
4
Ratnam, T. V. Quality control in spinning. 3rd ed. Coimbatore: South India Textile Research Association, 1999.
5
Damyanov, Georgi Borisov. Textile Processes: Quality Control and Design of Experiments. Highland Park: Momentum Press, 2012.
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Mahall, Karl. Quality Assessment of Textiles: Damage Detection by Microscopy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993.
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Pakistan) International Conference on Value Addition & Innovation in Textiles (1st 2011 Faisalabad. 1st International Conference on Value Addition & Innovation in Textiles, COVITEX, 2011: 14th-15th March, 2011, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faisalabad: National Textile University, 2011.
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Kadolph, Sara J. Quality assurance for textiles and apparel. 2nd ed. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2007.
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Kadolph, Sara J. Quality assurance for textiles and apparel. 2nd ed. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2007.
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Kadolph, Sara J. Quality assurance for textiles and apparel. 2nd ed. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2007.
Book chapters on the topic "Textile quality":
1
Ghosh, Anindya, Bapi Saha, and Prithwiraj Mal. "Statistical Quality Control." In Textile Engineering, 367–410. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081234-11.
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Finnimore, E. "Objective Quality Assessment." In European Textile Research: Competitiveness Through Innovation, 199–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4323-0_18.
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Tesema, Getnet Belay. "Cotton Quality Requirements for Spinning." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 241–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9149-5_10.
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Jamshaid, Hafsa, and Rajesh Mishra. "Textile Testing and Quality Control in Knitting." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 157–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44927-7_7.
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Wang, Hua, Muhammad Qasim Siddiqui, and Hafeezullah Memon. "Physical Structure, Properties and Quality of Cotton." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 79–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9169-3_5.
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Koehl, Ludovic, Jawad Chraïbi Miou, and Xianyi Zeng. "Selecting Relevant Features from Fabric Images for Automated Quality Control of Seam Puker Using Data Analysis and Human Experts Grading." In Computational Textile, 39–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70658-8_3.
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Naeem, Jawad, and Amna Siddique. "Textile and Fashion Industry of Mozambique." In Quality Education and International Partnership for Textile and Fashion, 157–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1320-6_8.
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Mekuria, Mesele. "Challenges in Cotton Production, Quality, and Future Aspects." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 425–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9149-5_17.
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Addis, Tiliksew, Biruk Fentahun, Samual Genetu, and Belayneh Sisay. "Cotton Quality Testing and Characterization: Trends and Grading." In Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 219–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9149-5_9.
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Stryckman, J. "The Quality of Knitted Fabrics and Articles." In European Textile Research: Competitiveness Through Innovation, 160–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4323-0_15.
Conference papers on the topic "Textile quality":
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Teixeira França Alves, Paulo Henrique, Abigail Clarke-Sather, Sam Carlson, and Angela Martini. "Theoretical Method for Characterizing Textile Failure Mechanics in Mechanical Recycling With Carded Drums." In ASME 2023 18th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2023-104361.
Abstract:
Abstract Due to the increasing speed of production, sale, and discard of home and apparel products, recycling of textiles is important for supporting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal of Responsible Consumption and Production. In 2020, textile production was estimated to be responsible for 35% of primary microplastics released into the environment, 20% of global clean water pollution, and 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018 the US generated around 17 million tons of textile waste and only 14.7% was recycled. Drum-operated textile shredding, a commonly utilized mechanical textile recycling technique, is not yet fully characterized. Even though there are many shredding machines that perform this process, the parameters that influence high-quality fiber output have not been researched; discovering ways to improve reusable fiber output is still a challenge. This research investigates the theory behind carded (toothed) drum textile shredding including how to improve the process outcome in order to obtain more reusable fiber and fewer textile pieces and dust. The mechanics of the textiles and fibers under tensile and shear stresses from the drums and drum teeth respectively were described to relate the textile material failure behavior to shredding process fiber outputs. Focusing on the interactions of the feeding drums and shredding drum, the drum-textile and tooth-yarn failure mechanics were characterized. By decreasing the teeth size and increasing the relative speed between drums, it is expected to increase the shear failure ratio, thus improving the shredding system. With this, it is expected that manufacturing new and better materials from recycled fibers becomes a possibility.
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Karkanis, Stavros A., K. Tsoutsou, J. Vergados, and Basile D. Dimitriadis. "Real-time quality inspection system for textile industries." In ECO4 (The Hague '91), edited by Rolf-Juergen Ahlers and Theo T. Tschudi. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46824.
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Murugan, Kalpana, Arani Hariprasad Vigneesh, and Nandimandalm Usha Sree. "Enhancing Textile Quality Assurance with TensorFlow: Detecting Fabric Anomalies." In 2023 2nd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing (ICAAIC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaaic56838.2023.10141312.
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Knowles, Caitlin G., Busra Sennik, Beomjun Ju, Marissa Noon, Amanda C. Mills, and Jesse S. Jur. "E-Textile Garment Simulation to Improve ECG Data Quality." In 2022 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismict56646.2022.9828269.
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Bose, Sujata, and Swapnil Khubalkar. "Power Quality Analysis of Textile Industry-Findings and Recommendations." In 2022 2nd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asiancon55314.2022.9909152.
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Millan Garcia-Verela, Maria S., Jaume Escofet, Hector C. Abril, Rafael Fonolla Navarro, and Yezid M. Torres Moreno. "Automatic quality control of textile webs by image processing." In 3rd Iberoamerican Optics Meeting and 6th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Their Applications, edited by Angela M. Guzman. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.358397.
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Bucevschi, Adina, Monica Pustianu, Ionel Barbu, Magdalena simona Fogorasi, and Erzsebet Airinei. "E-LEARNING ABOUT QUALITY CONTROL IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY. CASE STUDY." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-210.
Abstract:
The paper presents a way of teaching and learning of laboratory works in the course "Quality Control in the Textile Industry". The course "Quality Control in the Textile Industry" is addressed to students in the second year, the first semester. As case study, "Determination of the pilling and abrasion resistance proprieties, using the "Martindale apparatus" was chosen. The Martindale method, also known as the Martindale rub test, simulates natural wear of a fabric, in which the textile sample is rubbed against a standard abrasive surface with a specified force. The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. Classical teaching methods are being gradually replaced by modern methods, using PC. Almost all our laboratory works are loaded on a platform that can be accessed by each student, no matter where they are. The students can access the paper on the site of our University, www.uav.ro. To enhance students' motivation and capture their attention, a PowerPoint presentation has been used that includes slides with different parts of lab work, external links, and video documents. To evaluate the resistance to pilling and abrasion of the fabrics, subjective and objective assessment methods were used. The data obtained were statistically processed and graphically represented using Excel, followed by the interpretation of the results. Based on this information, a hierarchy of materials according to their tendency to form the pilling and the abrasion resistance can be accomplished
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Xu, Jun, Christophe Cudel, Sophie Kohler, Stéphane Fontaine, Olivier Haeberlé, and Marie-Louise Klotz. "Using variable homography to measure emergent fibers on textile fabrics." In 10th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision, edited by Jean-Charles Pinoli, Johan Debayle, Yann Gavet, Frédéric Gruy, and Claude Lambert. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.890897.
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Guzmán Torres, Cristian. "School Counseling, Northern Technical University Of Automotive Engineering, Electrical And Textile." In Psychosocial Risks in Education and Quality Educational Processes. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.06.9.
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Stjepanovic, Zoran, Simona Jevsnik, and Andreja Rudolf. "E-LEARNING MODULE ON VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING OF GARMENTS WITHIN THE E-LEARNING COURSE FOR INNOVATIVE TEXTILE FIELDS." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-262.
Abstract:
This contribution presents the functionalities and multimedia contents of the e-learning module on virtual prototyping of garments within the ERASMUS+ project entitled e-Learning Course for Innovative Textile Fields - Advan2Tex. Use of advanced information technologies and systems can assure the textile and garment manufacturing companies competitive advantages, such as high and constant quality of products, productivity, flexibility, and quick response to the requirements of fashion and market. A wide range of new technologies, above all those using fascinating possibilities of computer graphics, together with a new generation of computer based systems, assure the textile companies the ability to react extremely fast to the customer demands offering quality and future-oriented services. This enables greater commercial presence and contributes to company's better marketing position. The universities, research institutions and software producers apply nowadays a whole range of new technologies to create the advanced computer solutions that will in the future support the whole cycle starting from the virtual design of fabric and garments through automated production up to virtual merchandising. Therefore, the students and textile professionals, already working in textile industries, should be given the knowledge needed for successful work with the new technologies, which will contribute to developing the textile information society of the future. This module of the e-learning course for innovative textile field informs the readers and course participants about new emerging technologies, which have a great potential for the textile-related industries: virtual prototyping of garments and 3D scanning. After a short introduction a chapter on recent advances in computer-aided technologies for textile applications starts this module. The most widely used CA* technologies are briefly described together with some new technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, 3D scanning and 3D printing. CIM concept of the factories of the future is presented. The third chapter deals with the simulation of specific mechanical properties of textiles. Geometrical, physical and hybrid cloth models are presented together with explanation graphics. Virtual reproduction of mechanical behaviour of textile forms uses the mechanical properties, measured by the measuring systems for objective evaluation of textile fabrics and different models for simulation of textiles. Modelling and simulation of virtual humans is presented in the fourth chapter. The chapter starts with 3D scanning describing the special equipment for capturing the human body in both standing and sitting postures. Reconstruction techniques needed for assuring the reliable 3D body models are described. These models can be then used for importing in commercial CAD/PDS systems. The fifth chapter introduces the garment prototyping and virtual fitting technologies. Described are all the attributes required for virtual prototyping of garments. This chapter also informs about the virtual fitting of garments for people with special physical needs - paraplegics. The results of several studies on this important topic are included at the end of the chapter. Each chapter has a list of used literature. The module is concluded by the Summary and multiple choice questions of three levels of difficulty.
Reports on the topic "Textile quality":
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Alhasan, Ahmad, Brian Moon, Doug Steele, Hyung Lee, and Abu Sufian. Chip Seal Quality Assurance Using Percent Embedment. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-029.
Abstract:
This study investigates the use of macrotexture as an indicator of the percent embedment (PE) of aggregate in a chip seal and ultimately, as a quality assurance tool for chip seals. The study included an extensive field- and controlled-testing program from 24 chip seal sections constructed in Illinois. Surface texture measurements were acquired using a high-speed texture profiler and a stationary laser texture device. The analysis showed that stationary texture measurements were more consistent and reliable for estimating PE and characterizing chip seals in the field. Moreover, the ground truth PE values were estimated using an image analysis algorithm implemented on side-view images of cores extracted in the field. The ground truth PE values were estimated using four approaches: the average elevation method, percent embedment of each aggregate method, the peak method, and the aggregate circumference method. The analysis showed that the correlations between the different PE estimation methods are relatively weak, indicating the various methods provide different information and may relate to different characteristics. The general regression models for PE values estimated using the average elevation method and the mean profile depth (MPD) acquired using laser texture scans and the average least dimension (ALD) yielded the highest R2 value of 0.50. The model showed a consistent decreasing trend between PE and MPD estimated using laser texture scans and side-view images. Moreover, the model matched the expected behavior that PE should reach 100% as MPD reaches 0. Finally, four models were recommended correlating PE estimated using the average elevation and each aggregate methods to the MPD (mm) estimated from laser texture scans and ALD (mm) estimated from side-view images.
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Chandath, Him, Ing Chhay Por, Yim Raksmey, and Diane Archer. Air Pollution and Workers’ Health in Cambodia’s Garment Sector. Stockholm Environment Institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.017.
Abstract:
The findings of this study can inform and enable policymakers in improving occupational air pollution, including addressing air pollution, pollution sources and other related issues in the garment manufacturing sector in Cambodia. Such interventions will help to uphold the health of workers as a human right, ensure safe workplaces, and also be beneficial for the country’s economic growth, as a healthy workforce is more productive. While the garment sector serves as Cambodia’s economic backbone and creates much-needed jobs, it is also a highly polluting industry, alongside being regularly implicated for not upholding labour rights. The sector emits pollutants to air from intensive energy use, solid and hazardous waste emissions, noise pollution and wastewater pollution discharge. Despite this, the sector’s environmental impacts in Cambodia, particularly in relation to air pollution, are not well known, and this gap was highlighted in the development of Cambodia’s 2021 Clean Air Plan. Aiming to fill this gap, in cooperation with SEI, the Air Quality and Noise Management Department of the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Cambodia’s Ministry of Environment conducted a research project to improve understanding of air pollutant emissions from the textile industry and the health impacts on workers in Cambodia’s garment industry. The study drew on in-depth interviews with 323 garment factory workers across 16 factories, interviews with 16 factory owners, and quantitative data to better understand all interviewees’ experiences with occupational air pollution. While the research documented any symptoms related to air pollution, it did not employ medical research to assess the workers’ health status, nor did it attempt to investigate the cost or impact of air pollution on factory production. This policy briefing draws on a longer report prepared by the Ministry of Environment (Chandath, H., Chhay Por, I., Sokyimeng, S., Dana, S., Raksmey, Y. 2023. Understanding Air Pollution in the Garment Sector and Health Impacts on Workers: A Cambodian Case Study. Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. https://epa.moe.gov.kh/pages/categories/view/document-daqnm).
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Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.
Abstract:
The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace, and George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.
Abstract:
Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.
Abstract:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.
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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
Abstract:
Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
Abstract:
A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Genetics and comparative molecular mapping of biochemical and morphological fruit characters in Capsicum. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586545.bard.
Abstract:
Original objectives: The overall goal of our work was to gain information regarding the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper and to develop tools based on this information to assist in crop improvement. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoid (pungency) content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoid and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoid in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C.locus. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was poorly understood prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous SSR markers. This map has been integrated with a number of other independent maps resulting in the publication of a single resource map consisting of more than 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps based primarily on tomato-originated RFLP markers, the new maps are based on PCR markers that originate in Capsicum providing a comprehensive and versatile resource for marker-assisted selection in pepper. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, a character unique to pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master regulatoar for capsaicinoid accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTL that control capsaicinoid content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTL that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTL controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advances in our understanding of important processes of pepper fruit development including the isolation and characterization of several well known genes. These results also provided the basis for the development of molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement. A total of eleven refereed publications have resulted from this work, and several more are in preparation.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.
Abstract:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.
Abstract:
The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.