Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Textile processes'
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1
Sutton, Kristen Ruth. "Systematic Approach for Error Proofing Transaction Processes." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03232009-132445/.
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to develop a model to reduce errors in transactional processes within companies. The model created utilized three error proofing concepts: the FMEA, TRIZ Solution Directions, and the Error Proofing Healthcare (EPH) model. The research involved analyzing 250 FMEAâs that were previously conducted in a large transactional corporation and obtaining feedback from associates. The model that was created consisted of three phases. Phase one identifies the potential failures that could occur within a process while phase two uses TRIZ solution directions to create multiple innovative solutions and phase three uses a method called Solution Priority Number (SPN) to rank and evaluate the solutions generated. The SPN consists of the return on investment (ROI) and the ease of implementation of each solution. Excel worksheets were created to support the Error Proofing Transaction (EPT) model. A case study was performed within a large transactional corporation. A team completed the existing FMEA and then completed the new EPT model. When comparing the existing FMEA and the EPT model it was found that the EPT model reduced the team meeting time by 50% and produced more failure modes, more effects, more causes, more high risk failure modes, as well as a more enhanced set of solutions.
2
Veja, Priti. "An investigation of integrated woven electronic textiles (e-textiles) via design led processes." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10528.
Abstract:
Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) are created by the amalgamation of electronics and textiles, where electronics are integrated into or onto fabric substrates. Woven textiles are specifically considered in this thesis to integrate electronics into textiles' orthogonal architecture. This thesis investigates 'How can the weaving process be manipulated to make woven e-textiles with integrated electronics?' The methodological approach taken is practice based research carried out via a technical materials approach and creative craft methods. An investigation of woven e-textiles through design led practice and woven expertise is presented. Previously, woven e-textiles have been investigated either via technical material approaches, (where the main emphasis remains on function) or via creative craft methods, (which emphasise experimental forms, manipulate integration methods and apply craft based knowledge). Both of these approaches have presented only limited investigation of unobtrusive integrated electronics in woven e-textiles, and woven structures have not been fully utilised to support the integration. The research applies reflective practice through a design process model; this is based on the researcher's previous weaving expertise and designing methods. The work investigates how woven construction may be manipulated to develop novel integrated woven e-textiles. It was found that five woven approaches were particularly of value for electronics integration. These were the use of double cloth, the integration of multiple functions into the textiles as part of the weaving, the use of complex weaving techniques to attach and integrate components, the use of inlay weft weaving and the manipulation of floats (free floating threads). The thesis makes original contributions to knowledge, including identification of key stages in the woven e-textile design process, identification and application of advanced weaving techniques to facilitate integrated woven e-textiles, and compilation of a systematic record of woven e-‐textile techniques as a technical woven repository. Underpinning design principles that influence the developed e-textile outcomes are identified. A range of woven e-textile samples are designed and made. Three specific examples including an actuator ('RGB colour mixer'), a circuit ('corrugated pleat LED v2') and a soft module ('battery holder module v4'), are described in detail to illustrate their development using the e-textile design process model. The knowledge gained has potential to be applied to industrial woven processes for e-textiles.
3
Kanz, Philippe. "Characterization of Textile Draping Behaviours for Composite Manufacturing Processes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41864.
4
Ward, P. T. "Visual inspection, its automation and application in the textile industry." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10675.
5
Türgay, Orcun. "Decolourization of azo dyes in textile wastewater by microbial processes." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-7425.
Abstract:
Decolorization of Azo dyes in synthetic wastewater composition which is similar to real textile wastewater was carried out by microbial process. Experiments were performed in two continuous systems. Experiments were performed under anaerobic conditions in order to break the nitrogen bond of the azo group (-N=N-). A synthetic dye solution which contained 200 mg/L Reactive Black 5, 200 mg/L Procion Red MX-5B and 1 g/L yeast extract was prepared. In this study, living microorganisms were used to degrade the dyes in wastewater. Rice husks which contain bacteria and fungi were used in the reactors of continuous systems. The parameters tested on continuous system were wastewater composition, the number of reactors, the amount of yeast extract in wastewater composition, the wastewater flowrate, washing the system with wood chips solution, addition of yeast extract solution. Results have shown that increasing the number of reactors, the retention time, the amount of yeast extract and washing the system with wood chips solution had positive effects for degradation of the dyes from wastewater. When the flowrate was increased the retention time has decreased so degradation of dyes has decreased but although the flowrate increased twice, % degradation hasn’t decreased as the same ratio. Therefore this result showed that this process can be worked for faster flowrates. Microbial process is a promising technology which might be used to treat wastewater containing azo dyes with good performance.
6
Morgan, Laura. "Laser textile design : the development of laser dyeing and laser moulding processes to support sustainable design and manufacture." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23176.
Abstract:
This research developed new creative opportunities for textile design by investigating CO2 laser processing technology to achieve surface design and three-dimensional effects. A practice based and interdisciplinary textile design methodology was employed, integrating scientific and technical approaches with a reflective craft practice. It was found that the synthesis of design and science was imperative to achieving the research goal of evolving techniques that have opened new design opportunities for textile design whilst being viable and communicable for industrial and commercial application. Four distinct Laser Textile Design techniques were developed in this research including: a laser enhanced dyeing technique for wool and wool blends; Peri-Dyeing, a laser dye fixation technique; a laser moulding technique; and a laser fading linen technique.
7
Briggs, Amanda. "A study of photographic images, processes and computer aided textile design." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388871.
8
BORGES, ALINE RAMOS. "MODELING IN REPLICATED FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24390@1.
Abstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação descreve a aplicação de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLGs) à análise de um experimento visando identificar a combinação dos níveis das variáveis independentes: concentração de hidróxido de sódio (A), volume de hipoclorito de sódio (B) e sua interação (AB), que minimiza a variável resposta: proporção de itens com defeitos, em um processo de beneficiamento numa indústria têxtil de pequeno porte. A variável resposta encontra-se na forma de proporção, violando os pressupostos básicos do Modelo Linear Clássico e com isso as estimativas dos coeficientes pelo método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) é menos confiável. O planejamento utilizado foi o fatorial completo 22 com ponto central e replicado. Após o planejamento, a modelagem pelo MLG é aplicada, só então é possível identificar uma subdispersão dos dados, verificar que o modelo empregado está correto e que o volume de hipoclorito de sódio (B) é o único fator significativo, no processo de alvejamento industrial da empresa. Portanto, como a finalidade é minimizar a resposta, utiliza-se o nível inferior (-1) desta variável. Consequentemente, como o intuito é reduzir os custos com insumos químicos pode-se utilizar o nível mínimo da concentração de hidróxido de sódio (A) e o nível máximo da interação entre os fatores (AB), já que eles não são significativos ao modelo.
This dissertation describes the application of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to the analysis of an experiment with the purpose identify the levels combination of independent variables: concentration of sodium hydroxide (A) volume of sodium hypochlorite (B) and their interaction (AB), that minimizes the response variable: proportion of defective items, in a process in a small plant of the textile industry. The response variable takes the form of a proportion, that violates the basic assumptions of the Classic Linear Model and, as a result, the estimates of the coefficients by Ordinary Least Squares method is less reliable. The design employed was a replicated complete 22 factorial design with central point. After doing the planning, the modeling by MLG is applied, and then it is possible to identify a underdispersion data; to verify that the model used is correct and that the volume of sodium hypochlorite (B) is the only significant factor in the industrial process of bleaching the company. Therefore, as the purpose is to minimize the response, it is used the lower level (-1) of this variable. Consequently, as the aim is to reduce costs of chemical inputs can use the minimum level of concentration of hydroxide sodium (A) and the maximum level of interaction between factors (AB), since they are not significant to the model.
9
Wei, Yang. "Screen printable sacrificial and structural pastes and processes for textile printing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360759/.
Abstract:
This thesis presents a new approach for fabricating free standing structures on flexible substrates using the screen printing technique. The research addresses electronic textile applications and is intended to provide a new method for realising sensors and complex structures on fabrics. Conventional smart fabric fabrication methods, such as weaving and knitting, are only able to achieve planar structures with limited functionality. Packaged discrete sensors can also be attached directly to fabrics but this approach is unreliable and unsuitable for mass production. The reported materials and the fabrication processes enable free standing structures to be formed by printing functional layers directly on top of the fabric. This reduces the fabrication complexity and increases wearer comfort and the flexibility of the fabric. This research details an investigation into sacrificial materials suitable for use on fabrics. A plastic crystalline material (Trimetlylolethane (TME)) was identified as an appropriate sacrificial material because it sublimates which reduces the chance of stiction occurring. A screen printable TME paste has been achieved by dissolving TME powder in a solvent mixture of cyclohexanol (CH) and propylene glycol (PG). The TME sacrificial paste can be cured at 85 oC for 5 minutes providing a solid foundation for subsequent printed layers. This sacrificial layer can be removed in 30 minutes at 150 oC leaving no residue. EFV4/4965 UV curable dielectric material was identified as an appropriate structural material for use with TME. The feasibility of the sacrificial and structural materials has been demonstrated by the fabrication of free standing cantilevers and microfluidic pumps on fabrics and flexible plastic films. Printed cantilevers, with capacitive and piezoelectric sensing mechanisms, have been demonstrated as human motion sensors. A printed microfluidic pump with a maximum pumping rate of 68 μL/min at 3 kHz has also been demonstrated. Both the cantilever and micropump have been demonstrated, for the first time, on fabrics and polyimide substrates, respectively.
10
Lezeck, Hendrick. "Textile CearÃ: reverticalizaÃÃo processes and their impacts on the quality and productivity." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3590.
Abstract:
This work aims to verify the impacts that the reversing process in the results of quality and productivity produced in textile companies in Cearà which adopted this strategy. After analyzing the value chains, many companies that at first outsourced are now rethinking their decisions and when needed taking an inverse approach, that
is, not outsourcing their activities any more. That is why it is important to understand what are the main factors that lead to this process. The research related to the
outcome is of descriptive and exploring nature; regarding the approach to the problem, it is of quality concerning. Based on bibliographic research that subsidized the referential theory proceeded further investigation giving support to the empirical analyses. Semi-structured Questioner and interviews were carried out with executives managers and operatives in three textile companies of great capacity in CearÃ, based in deliberate exemplification. The results show that the strategic decisions of the reversing process has been motivated by the commitment to the quality of products and procedures, targeting mainly the best quality service to the clients. This derived from several problems pointed out by companies that by outsourcing operate.O trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os impactos da reverticalizaÃÃo de processos nos resultados de qualidade e produtividade gerados em empresas tÃxteis cearenses que optaram por esta estratÃgia. ApÃs anÃlise na sua cadeia de valor, muitas empresas, que incialmente adotaram o processo da terceirizaÃÃo, estÃo repensando suas decisÃes e quando necessÃrio, seguindo o caminho inverso, ou seja, desterceirizando suas atividades. Portanto, torna-se importante, compreender quais foram os principais fatores motivadores deste processo. A pesquisa, quanto aos fins, à de natureza descritiva e exploratÃria; com relaÃÃo à abordagem do problema, à de foco qualitativo. Com base na pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, que subsidiou o referencial teÃrico, procedeu-se a uma busca de campo, que deu suporte à anÃlise empÃrica. Foram aplicados questionÃrios e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para os gestores executivos e operacionais em trÃs empresas tÃxteis de grande porte do CearÃ, com base na amostragem intencional. Os resultados indicam que a decisÃo estratÃgica da reverticalizaÃÃo foi motivada pelo compromisso com a qualidade de seus produtos e processos, visando principalmente ao melhor atendimento aos clientes. Isto decorreu de problemas diversos observados pelas empresas com a terceirizaÃÃo de suas atividades-meio. Palavras-chave: reverticalizaÃÃo, terceirizaÃÃo, cadeia de valor e indÃstrias tÃxteis.
11
Adner, Johanna. "Exploring the Outdoors : mapping microplastics in the textile design- and production processes." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22087.
Abstract:
Microplastics have been found in all aquatic environments and once they entered they cannot be removed. This has put new focus on the sources of microplastics where the textile industry has gained large attention. Much consideration has been given to the production of fleece fabric and the use of polyester but this report aims to explore the whole design- and production process and mapping those activities which has a large impact on microplastic release. Together with participants from five (5) Swedish Outdoor Brands and seven (7) field experts has this report mapped possible challenges and solutions. Main findings are 20 different challenging areas with 19 suggested solutions on how to prevent microplastic pollution. The result is the first in its kind doing a comprehensive study of the whole textile design- and production process and provides a broad foundation for further research. As there still is a considerable lack of knowledge about many of the issues that were brought up, both within the design- and production processes, has a shared responsibility among companies, organizations, universities and private persons been raised. Through common platforms are inspiration and awareness spread and this report aims to contribute to the gap in the current knowledge.
12
Nyström, Matilda, and Emelie Johansson. "Textile waste is only matter out of place : Antecedents of value creation in reverse textile value chains." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-641.
Abstract:
The current waste management system of Post Consumer Textile Waste (PCTW) in Sweden leads to vast amounts of incinerated or exported textiles. The amount of PCTW reused or repurposed within the country is small in comparison to the amounts of textile products consumed every year. Hence, there is an observed problem in terms of low value creation from textile waste. A system that allows for more textiles to be kept and reused in Sweden could create more economic value in a resource-efficient way. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate value creation from PCTW for reuse and redesign in Sweden, and to establish a framework for the antecedents of value creation in reverse textile value chains. A pre-study was conducted to map the PCTW industry structure, and served as the basis for sampling cases. Data collection consisted of multiple case studies from 4 charity organisations, 3 clothing brands and 3 redesign brands. The interviews were performed in a semi-structured manner in order to discover the state-of-art in value creation and to identify the key enabling attributes. The findings were analysed to adjust the deductive framework to the textile industry context. Results and findings shows that the state-of-art for value creation among the selected cases varies depending on its mission. Charity organisations are facing a new competition of resources from clothing brands, who have realised a potential of new differentiation by engaging in value creation from PCTW. This has led to a new mind-set among the charity organisations to work more strategically in all their activities. Redesign brands are a relatively new actor and want to work symbolically with redesign to communicate the values in textile materials. Enablers and disablers to value creation from PCTW were found in the interviews and led to the development of an empirical framework. As a whole, this thesis provides rich descriptions of the current preconditions and challenges within the field. Furthermore, it presents a framework for the antecedents of value creation along the recovery processes involved in reuse and redesign value chain. The empirical framework confirms the themes in the theoretical framework, and concludes that there is a set of generic antecedents for value creation in reverse textile value chains. However, there are also category specific antecedents, which need to be considered. The specific experiences of one actor category might as well be valuable knowledge to another, which is why increased collaboration is suggested to enhance value creation from PCTW.
13
Petreca, Bruna Beatriz. "An understanding of embodied textile selection processes & a toolkit to support them." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2016. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/2363/.
Abstract:
The textile selection is a crucial part of the design process, for which there is no systematic understanding and no support in place from the designer experience perspective. In the selection, designers need to synthesise technical information, their sensory and affective experience around textiles, and its related meanings. However, currently the textile industry just provides methods to describe, measure, or predict the properties of textiles perceptible to hand manipulation: methods that only partially support the designer. Hence, designers’ selection still relies heavily on experiential knowledge, that is, through processes that remain implicit or inaccessible to conscious articulation. The thesis addresses this gap by contributing new understanding of when and how the textile selection happens in the design process, uncovering tacit processes and embodied aspects integral to it, and secondly, by developing a toolkit to support the designer experience when selecting. The Design Research Methodology (Blessing and Chakrabarti, 2009) was taken as the overarching methodological approach, and was enriched by a further selection of methods. This approach enabled the description of the textile selection in the design process by investigating diverse sectors (fashion, interior and vehicle design), and led to the development of a support for this activity reflecting the reality of designers’ practice. To understand the textiles selection processes, four qualitative exploratory studies were conducted. Study one investigated the textiles selection by designers, taking a Grounded Theory approach, which revealed when (in the design process) and how textiles selection happens (through four emerging themes - ‘Collection’, ‘Interrogation’, ‘Projection’, and ‘Transformation’). These processes were articulated to propose the ‘Quad-core Textile Selection Model’. Study two investigated a facsimile design process, of sports shoes customisation in a retail setting. Through this study the tacit processes were confirmed and better understood, and ‘Projection’ was further elaborated as a phenomenon. Study three investigated an intense moment of selection in the context of a textile fair to understand what sensorial information underpins the textile selection processes. This study revealed the importance of the multisensory experience to textile selection, and the complexity of remembering and communicating such experiences in the design process. Study four explored the embodied aspects of textiles selection emerging as significant through the tactile experience in more depth, using the ‘Elicitation Interview’ (Petitmengin, 2006) method to obtain a first-person verbal description of experiential processes. The latter revealed 3 types of touch behaviour and 3 tactile-based phases of the textile selection process, and their dynamics. These findings enrich the proposed model including experiential and embodied components of the textiles selection that go well beyond ‘textile hand’ (AATCC Test Method 202-2012), and highlight the dynamics and interactions between the textile, the body and the product to be, which emerged as crucial for these processes. Finally, these findings were used as input for designing ‘The sCrIPT Toolkit’, comprised of instructions that facilitate focus and elaboration of the textile experience in the textiles selection. To conclude, a reflection on the pedagogical potential of this tool is presented, based on explorations within various sectors in academia.
14
Baldeon, Lazaro Thania Yamile, and Salas Pedro Sebastian Malasquez. "Modelo de producción para mejorar la eficiencia de una empresa exportadora de prendas de punto de algodón en Perú utilizando 5s, estandarización de operaciones y mantenimiento autónomo." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651723.
Abstract:
Hoy en día, las organizaciones en la industria de prendas de punto de algodón han tenido que adaptarse a un cliente que no está dispuesto a pagar un costo adicional por actividades que no agregan valor al producto. En Perú, las empresas exportadoras de prendas de punto de algodón cierran todos los años, ya que no pueden competir con países como China y Hong Kong debido a sus altos costos de producción. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar un modelo de gestión de producción basado en técnicas de manufactura esbelta y estandarización de operaciones para reducir el desperdicio en el flujo de producción, mejorando así la calidad y reduciendo el tiempo y los costos de producción. Para esto, se implementaron el modelo de producción y la mejora continua (PDCA). Fue validado en una empresa exportadora de prendas de punto de algodón en Perú, donde fue posible obtener como mejora la eficiencia en un 10%, reducir los productos defectuosos en un 20% y generar ahorros de 5,000 soles por mes.Nowadays, organizations in the cotton knitwear industry have had to adapt to a client who is not willing to pay an additional cost for activities that do not add value to the product. In Peru, exporting companies of cotton knitwear are closed every year, since they cannot compete with countries such as China and Hong Kong due to their high production costs. Therefore, the aim of this article is to develop a production management model based on Lean Manufacturing techniques and standardization of operations to reduce waste in the production flow, thus improving quality, and reducing production time and costs. For this, Production model and Continuous improvement (PDCA) were implemented. It was validated in an export company of cotton knitwear in Peru, where it was posible to obtain as an improvement the efficiency by 10%, reduce defective products by 20% and generate savings of 5,000 soles per month.
Trabajo de investigaciòn
15
Onggar, Toty, Shayed Mohammad Abu, Rolf-Dieter Hund, and Chokri Cherif. "Silvering of three-dimensional polyethylene terephthalate textile material by means of wet-chemical processes." Sage, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35399.
Abstract:
The aim of this research is to develop a wet-chemical silvering method for a three-dimensional (3D) textile material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to prevent and eliminate biological contaminants in drinking water and other liquid-containing systems. Three-dimensional textile fabrics are particularly well-suited as silvered disinfection materials in water systems, because they have 3D structures, pressure-elastic textile design, and provide large contact areas. Furthermore, water can easily be passed through the structure. The developed wet-chemical procedures are based on aminosilane, which consists of at least two amine groups and is well-suited to form a silver diamine complex. The silvered textile material was coated with cationic silver. After the chemical reduction, the cationic silver turns into metallic silver on the surface of PET spacer fabrics.
The surface morphology of silver-coated spacer fabrics was analyzed and the uniform silver layer on the PET fiber surface was found. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis spectrums showed that the silver was immobilized on the PET fiber surface. The layer thickness and the silver amount were also determined. The silvered spacer fabrics can be used in sealing and/or cooling water systems; therefore, the silver ion release in water was analyzed. Furthermore, textile physical tests for the measurement of breaking force and elongation were carried out. No significant change in breaking force and elongation was observed after silvering of PET spacer fabric.
16
Harper, Alison. "How can my textile art and my textile craft processes contribute to a dialogue through an investigation of materials used in a disposable culture?" Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2017. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/10709/.
Abstract:
In this thesis I explore the contribution that my textile art and textile craft processes can contribute to an ethical dialogue through an emerging materiality. This contribution is distinctive because, by focussing on certain materials commonly thought of as ‘waste’, I am drawing attention to how the growth and acceptability of a disposable culture alienates us from both the material world and also from knowledge of ourselves. Through my practice and this thesis, and the interface between them, I explore how a recognition of this use, or rather mis-use, of resources can assist in better understanding the isolation and alienation that society is experiencing as noted for example by Bauman (2003). My current art practice and this research project seeks to uncover, reveal and deepen the connections with our material world; connections that are currently stretched and ruptured by the strictures of capitalism and the politics of neoliberalism. My work is about resources, the depletion of which impacts on the natural world and the biosphere. It seeks to bring about a reassessment of how we use, view and value ‘common’, everyday objects and materials in post-industrial societies, seeking to bring about and enable a less destructive and combative system of production and reproduction than currently exists. This work takes the form of an examination of materialism and materiality, less about its economic impact, but more as a search for a different materialism, a new materialism, a deep materialism, which will enable a reviewing and a reparation of the relationships between matter and materials and our (optional) need and desire for both. The materials I use in my practice have already passed through people's hands. They have been used fleetingly, are felt but not seen; consigned to their post-use phase. They are not broken, but our relationship with them is. I am re-working and re-presenting these materials so that they are seen as part of an integral and egalitarian 'whole', with no one material, human or otherwise, being seen as dominant or more important than the other. With recent developments in quantum physics showing us that matter we previously thought of as 'inert' is in fact made up of vibrating strands of energy and in a post-anthropocentric age of diminishing resources and an uncertain future, some may say an ecological crisis, it is crucial that we reassess and revise our relationship with the material world.
17
Li, Shiqi. "On-line dye analysis for carpet dyeing processes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8596.
18
Langham, Karin. "Exploring Maori identity (Whakapapa) through textile processes : a visual arts program for year 11 students." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1862.
Abstract:
In 2007 the Curriculum Council of Western Australia (CCWA) introduced a new Visual Arts Course of Study (2007), which contains a postmodern perspective and is inclusive of social criticism, multiculturalism, feminism and non-Western art forms. In keeping with the new Visual Arts Course of Study in this Creative Visual Arts Project, I have used the CCWA course outcomes as a framework to develop a visual arts program that is a vehicle for exploring individual personal identity, and has the potential to increase self-esteem in students in Western Australian secondary schools.
The research stems from my personal view that students can benefit significantly from investigating their identity, enabling them to situate their self in a stronger position in their present day life-world when they have a more definite sense of who they are and where they come from. I have placed myself in the position of ‘the subject’ in order to transfer the process into a visual art program that can be utilised within the classroom. The visual arts program is underpinned by Efland’s expressive psychoanalytic model for aesthetic learning, which posits that art is self-expression, a form of learning that contributes to emotional growth. Visual art awakens intellectual inquiry in an individual, increases cognitive potential through enabling personal liberation, and is an adjunct to informing society and culture.
The research project culminates in an exegesis and an exhibition of artworks that communicate personal memories and significant historical events exclusive to my whakapapa (Maori genealogy). The artworks are a vehicle for exploring my individual self-identity, enabling me to connect more deeply with my Maori cultural roots. The research paradigm utilised is narrative inquiry, a process of collecting and structuring stories that is characteristic of the traditional Maori practice of storytelling. This project has resulted in a reinterpretation of the perception of myself within my personal life-world. I have a deeper understanding of my cross-cultural roots, a stronger sense of who I am, and a sense of empowerment. I believe Year 11 students can also achieve this outcome through the visual arts program, using it as a tool for investigating their own identity, challenging cultural, social and gender limitations that impact on them, and ultimately empowering their personal life-world.
19
Paleologos, Esther, and esther paleologos@rmit edu au. "An exploration of new processes and products for knitted textiles: this research will explore the combination of standard and non-standard fibres and finishing processes to create three-dimensional and sculptural knitted fabric structures, while expanding the potential of domestic machine knitting to be viewed as an art form." RMIT University. Fashion & Textiles, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100329.143129.
Abstract:
Contemporary knitting over the past decade has experienced a recent resurgence in cultural interest and technical exploration. This research project aims to identify, through personal practice, the implications of knitting as undefined, removed from the boundaries of product. It is the dissolving of the lines between design, art and craft and exploring the domestically machine knitted textile via the use of materials and the inherent qualities of the fabric which are the driving factors of this research. It is through this exploration that my personal and creative process is diversified. The traditional connotations of knitting are historical, social and cultural, in particular hand knitting. Childhood memories of mothers and grandmothers knitting out of necessity, for clothing, often evoke feelings of safety, warmth and comfort. This familiarity of the looped stitches and understanding of the knit as garment binds knitting to fashion. Industrial knitting process, as scale of stitch is reduced, begins to remove this familiarity and creates an anonymity of structure and process, for example jersey knits used for t-shirts. This instant recognition for knitting as clothing is part of the design process where-by knitted fabrics work in unison with product. It is this boundary that has defined my professional practice designing for knitwear. This research involves a more experimental and fluid approach to producing the textile, considering the qualities and potential of the structure as something to celebrate in its own form. Designers such as Issey Miyake, Hussein Chalayan and the artist Rosmarie Trockel have been influential in taking fashion concepts into the gallery, often knitted. This movement of making conceptual and political statements, especially in the case of the industrially knitted pieces by Trockel, was a step to question the traditional and feminist perceptions of knitting and using the process as a material to create art. While these exhibitions explored the knitted textile in the form of fashion garment, the importance of diversifying the knitted cloth and displaying conceptual pieces is a major influence on this research. Also the more recent exhibition 'Radical Lace and Subversive Knitting', (Museum of Arts & Design New York 2007), has allowed for a reinvigorated forum for constructed textiles to be viewed as object, new product or purely as spatial explorations of structure. The impact of these ideas has allowed for the consideration of the textile being stripped back further and to remove the instant connot ation of product application. Exploration of materials, knitted structures and the manipulation of fabric without the constraints of identified product is the impetus of this project. The evolution of the outcomes is instrumental to the reactions of fibres, stitch and interplays of positive and negative space, while suggestions of product are accidental and created by the knitted form as it is removed from the machine. A personal interest in exploiting the knitted structures potential to possess transparency and opacity, become sculptural and changeable by hand have influenced the choices of material and stitch combination. This experimentation has informed my personal practice and the involved process of making.
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Gupta, Murari Lal. "Development of commercial, sustainable processes for dyeing generic, unmodified polypropylene fiber." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26643.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Cook, Fred; Committee Member: Beckham, Haskell; Committee Member: Bottomley, Lawrence; Committee Member: Carr, Wallace; Committee Member: Etters, Nolan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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SILVA, Rogério Ferreira da. "Degradação de corante de efluente têxtil por processo oxidativo avançando." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17383.
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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-14T16:05:13Z
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CNPq
As indústrias têxteis são importantes na economia de um país devido à geração de recursos. Constituem indústrias que consomem bastante água e produzem efluentes líquidos potencialmente poluidores. Entre as substâncias tóxicas despejadas em corpos receptores, destacam-se os corantes. A fiscalização destas indústrias no Arranjo Produtivo Local Pernambucano (APL) é precária e os processos aplicados nos tratamentos não são totalmente eficientes, sendo necessária a busca por novas formas de tratamento a fim de remover os poluentes e aumentar a eficiência dos processos de tratamento. Este trabalho visa contribuir para a minimização de problemas ambientais, promovendo a redução de parâmetros como cor, turbidez, demanda química de oxigênio, carbono orgânico de efluentes têxteis e toxicidade, utilizando Processos Oxidativos Avançados como uma das etapas do tratamento do efluente de uma das lavanderias da região do agreste pernambucano. Para tanto, examinou-se uma solução aquosa com concentração de 1000 mg.L-1 do corante vermelho drimaren CL-5B, amplamente utilizado pela lavanderia estudada, e um efluente real, coletado numa lavadeira de jeans de Caruaru. Como resultado, obteve-se degradação maior que 90% e redução de 73% da DQO para a solução do corante. Para o efluente real, obteve-se redução de 98% de turbidez, 80% de cor e 70% para DQO. Um estudo ecotoxicológico com sementes de alface foi realizado antes e depois do tratamento pelo processo foto-Fenton, sendo observada elevada redução da toxicidade após o processo oxidativo avançado utilizado, alcançando-se índices de germinação superiores a 80%, indicando redução na toxicidade. O trabalho resultou na sugestão de um sistema para tratamento efetivo do efluente de uma industria do agreste pernambucano. Para esse sistema, já foi protocolado um pedido de patente.
Textile industries are important in the economy of a country due to the generation of resources. They consume plenty of water and produce potentially polluting liquid effluents. Among the toxic substances discharged into receiving bodies, stand out the dyes. The supervision of such industries in the Local Productive Arrangement Pernambucano (APL) is precarious and the procedures applied in treatments are not totally efficient, requiring the development of new forms of treatment to remove pollutants and increase the efficiency of treatment processes. This work aims to contribute to minimizing environmental problems, promoting the reduction of parameters such as color, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, organic carbon total in textile effluents and toxicity from use Advanced Oxidation Processes as one of the stages of treatment of effluent from one textile industry. Were studied two systems: an effluent model – an aqueous solution containing red dye Drimaren CL-5B (1000 mg L-1), widely used by the studied laundry, and a real effluent, collected in Caruaru jeans laundress. As a result the assays indicated degradation more than 90% and 73% reduction at COD in the effluent model. For the real effluent, were obtained 98% reduction in turbidity, color and COD equals to 98%, 80% and 70%, respectively. Ecotoxicological studies with lettuce seeds were performed before and after treatment by photo-Fenton process, being observed high reduction of toxicity after advanced oxidation process used, reaching up germination rates of over 80%, indicating a reduction in toxicity. It was also idealized a system to effective treatment of industrial effluent. To this system were protocoled a register of patent.
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Hou, Yi. "Experimental characterization and modeling of the permeability of fibrous preforms using gas for direct processes application." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848600.
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A methodology to measure in-plane permeability of fibrous media using a transient one dimensional air flow is developed. The method, based on the measurement of gas pressure at the boundaries throughout the transient flow, is convenient, clean and fast, avoids usage of a gas flow meter and offers a way to study the gas transport within fibrous media. The gas transport through fibrous porous media is described by several models to comply with different flow regimes. The permeability, only depending on the fibrous structure, is determined by inverse method, fitting the simulation results to the experimental data obtained using rising or dropping pressure methods. The results of viscous permeability Kv of Glass/Carbon Twill Woven fabrics (viscous permeability Kv ranging from 10-11 to 10-10 m2) measured using gas match well the permeability measured with liquid compression and injection techniques from previous works. The deviation from Darcy's law caused by gas sliding effect on low permeability Carbon Uni-Directional fabrics (Kv from 10-14 to 10-12 m2) is analyzed and a related parameter of fabric material shows a dependence in permeability, with a similar trend as the Klinkenberg sliding parameter in soils and rocks.The experimental errors due to dimensions, thermal effect, pressure variation, sample handling, and trapped gas at boundaries are analyzed. It comes out that the sensitivities of pressure sensors and trapped gas volumes at the boundaries have the most important effects. A design for 2D measurement using gas to obtain 2D permeability tensor in one single test is proposed to avoid the issues of trapped gas at boundaries. Simulated experiments show that the measurements based on pressure measured at three proposed locations could provide robust and accurate results for fabrics of anisotropic permeability ratios (K1/K2) ranging from 0.1 to 10, with various principal permeability direction orientations.
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Puglia, Roger Luis. "Redução da geração de resíduos sólidos em um processo de fabricação em uma empresa de confecção de lingerie utilizando o conceito de produção mais limpa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3510.
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Lundberg, Malin, and Maja Blomqvist. "Textil fotokatalys : biomimetik med textila processer." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-230.
Abstract:
Fotokatalys är en reaktion som kan användas vid rening av avloppsvatten vilket är viktigt då avloppsvatten är en källa till smittspridning, till exempel kan bakterien E. coli spridas genom otillräckligt renat vatten. Titandioxid i kombination med UV- strålning skapar en fotokatalytisk reaktion i vatten som bryter ner mikroorganismer med hjälp av de fria radikaler som bildas. Syftet med projektet är att med hjälp av tre appliceringsmetoder fästa titandioxid på en termoplastisk textil. Härigenom skapas en vattenrenande textil. Syftet är också att öka den effektiva ytan jämfört med tidigare exempel i litteraturen för att på sätt få högre effektivitet. Ett tema för projektet är alltså att skapa en lämplig textil konstruktion för textil fotokatalys i ett modellsystem. Under den här kandidatuppsatsen, som har genomförts på Textilhögskolan i Borås, har ålgräsängar använts som inspirationskälla under skapandet av en textil konstruktion. Ålgräs (Zostera Marina) växer på havsbottnar och utgörs av långa vajande stjälkar. Ålgräs är enhjärtbladiga växter och som sådana klorofyllbärande. De kan sålunda fånga solljus. Ålgräs växer i ängar och vid framtagning av konceptet till den tänka strukturen mimikera strukturen hos dessa ålgräsängar. Härigenom uppnås en större effektiv yta och en struktur som syftar till att bättre ta om hand det infallande solljuset än tidigare konstruktioner. Tuftning som sällan används för tekniska textilier kommer brukas för denna biometriska struktur. Tre appliceringsmetoder för titandioxid har studerats vidhäftning med hjälp av TPU film, användning av UV-härdande akrylat och insmältning. Insmältning undersökte huruvida det gick att smälta fast titandioxid i pulverform direkt på garnet. Materialva- let i detta modellsystem var polypropen, valet av polypropen grundar sig i att det är en termoplast och som sådan är smältbar och flyter i vatten, likt ålgräs. Dessutom är den hydrofob, billig och frigör inga hälsoskadliga ämnen vid användning. Det konstruera- des en produktionslinje för att producera metervara av titandioxidbelagt polypropen garn genom insmältning. Detta var ett försök till att effektivisera och ta fram nytän- kande appliceringsmetoder. Resultatet blev en produktionslinje som kunde producera metervara av titandioxidbelagt garn genom insmältning. Fotokatalytisk aktivitet indikerades med hjälp av metylenblå. Av testresultaten kunde det konstateras att när titandioxid applicerats på garn med hjälp av en TPU film erhölls bäst fotokatalytiska egenskaper. Beläggning med hjälp av UV-härdande akrylat funge- rar också men det befanns vara något sämre. En bakterieanalys genomfördes för att ytterligare säkerhetsställa effekten av appliceringsmetoderna. Under testet användes vatten från Viskan för att resultatet skulle återspegla en verklighetsnära situation. Re- sultaten visade även här att TPU filmen var den bästa appliceringsmetoden. Bakterie- halten i vatten behandlat med fotokatalytisk TPU applicerad titandioxid kunde dras ner till tusenfalt drickbara nivåer. Analyser av SEM-bilder gav en ökad förståelse för varför de olika beläggningsmetoderna fungerade så som de gjorde. Då både den foto- katalytiska analysen och bakterieanalysen indikerade på att en reaktion mellan titandi- oxiden och UV-ljuset uppstått med önskad effekt.
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Younes, Basel. "The statistical modelling of production processes of biodegradable aliphatic aromatic co-polyester fibres used in the textile industry." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2522.
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Oliva, Bravo Giancarlo, and Quispe Francisco Roberto Soncco. "Impacto financiero de la identificación y valoración de riesgos de incorrección de las MYPEs para la gestión de recursos y procesos operativos del sector comercial textil en la Asociación “Señor de Luren”, del 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625946.
Abstract:
En el presente trabajo de investigación se analizó la determinación del Impacto Financiero de la Identificación y Valoración de Riesgos de Incorrección de las MYPEs para la Gestión de Recursos y Procesos Operativos del Sector Comercial Textil en la Asociación “Señor de Luren”; tomando como referencia la aplicación de la NIA 315. El tipo de investigación fue analítica, descriptiva y de campo. La población estudiada para el análisis cuantitativo se compone de 115 microempresas dedicadas al comercio textil en la Asociación Comercial “Señor de Luren”; asimismo, la población para el estudio cualitativo se compone de tres especialistas del rubro. Además, se realizó el análisis de tres casos en la cual cada empresa cumple con ciertos procedimientos particulares para un mayor entendimiento en la investigación. Se utilizó una muestra con un nivel de confianza del 0.95. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva. Los resultados arrojaron que el 100% de los encuestados no tienen mapeados sus controles; sin embargo, aplican algunos de ellos por la experiencia que llevan en el rubro. Los microempresarios presentan deficiencias en las políticas contables; así como ineficiencia en la gestión de riesgos. Se recomienda implementar las mejoras propuestas para la Identificación y Valoración de Riesgos de Incorrección en las MYPEs y poder contar con una óptima Gestión de Recursos y de Procesos Operativos.In the present work of investigation the determination of the Financial Impact of the Identification and Assessment of Risks of Improvement of the mechanisms for the Resource Management and Operational Processes of the Textile Trade Sector in the Association "Señor de Luren" was analyzed; As a reference for the application of ISA 315. The type of research was analytical, descriptive and field. The population studied for the quantitative analysis is composed of 115 micro enterprises dedicated to textile trade in the "Señor de Luren" Commercial Association; likewise, the population for the qualitative study is composed of three specialists of the sector. In addition, an analysis has been made of the cases in which each company meets the particular requirements for a better understanding of the research. A sample with a confidence level of 0.95 is shown. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results showed that 100% of respondents do not have their controls mapped; however, in the case of the experience they have in the field. Microentrepreneurs have deficiencies in accounting policies; As well as inefficiency in risk management. It is recommended to implement the improvements for Resource Management and of Operational Processes.
Tesis
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Schliephake, Hanna Josephina, and Charlotte Laila Niemann. "Digital Institutions to Support Data-Driven Circularity Innovation : The Improvement of Textile and Apparel Recycling Processes through Blockchain Technology." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26415.
Abstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this master thesis is to explore if and how blockchain technology can improve textile and apparel recycling processes. It further aims to investigate which institutional and infrastructural preconditions have to be met for it to do so. This research seeks to extend the understanding of the technology’s potential and to derive theoretical and managerial implications. Design/ Methodology/ Approach - The study applies a qualitative, explorative research approach, following a deductive research strategy. Thereby, a theoretical framework was derived based on the results of a literature review. Primary data was collected using the method of semi-structured expert interviews and analysed using the method Thematic Analysis. The sample contained experts from different entities of the textile and apparel recycling industry, namely textile waste collectors, textile waste sorters, textile-to-textile recyclers, manufacturers, recycling experts and digital service-providers. Findings - The results show that blockchain technology in fact holds the potential to improve industry processes through its ability to verify data and assign value. However, the findings suggest that the main challenges of the textile and apparel recycling industry are grounded in its institutional complexity. Therefore, the lack of sufficient infrastructure, information exchange and value creation inhibit the industry from using blockchain technology to its full potential. Implications - To overcome this, it is advised that the individual industry players must collaborate to fulfil the essential institutional and infrastructural requirements. This means creating an inter-organisational network that relies on the exchange of recycling-relevant information, uniform data structures and unified norms and practices. Originality/ Value - Scientific research lacks a coherent understanding of the relation between blockchain technology and textile and apparel recycling. This research bridges this gap by illustrating the industry’s challenges and exploring blockchains potential to address them, while laying out the institutional and infrastructural preconditions for blockchain to contribute to an improved textile and apparel recycling.
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Aguilar, Johansson Ida, and Andrea Runstrand. "Obstacles in the textile upcycling chain, a case study of the communication between small-scaled upcycling actors and their processes." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23802.
Abstract:
Upcycling of textiles is a well-known method to remake worn textiles and decrease the environmental impact coming from the textile industry. Many fast fashion companies have tried to implement upcycling in their own textile value chains to become more circular. Although the effort is good in theory, there is more to be done to get better efficiency when it comes to upcycling textile fashion products. The purpose of this report was to study the obstacles in the textile upcycling chain for small-scaled actors that are engaged in design driven upcycling. This report partly investigates a specific textile value chain that is based on redesigning home textiles that comes from textile consumer waste. The report investigates the collaboration between supplier, designer and manufacturer in this specific value chain. This was by outlining their current communication and process steps. The report intends to form a ground for creation of communication tools for actors working similarly. Re:textile at Science Park Borås is a project that is working towards developing new design principles, business models and production systems in the textile industry for a better circular flow system. The cooperation with Anna Lidström, Artistic Director at Re:textile, made it possible to investigate the upcycling industry and identify the obstacles in the pre-production and production process. For collecting information for this report, data research and interviews with Swedish companies have been done. The companies that attended the interviews were from different companies in the textile upcycling industry, that were provided with as much information as possible for the analysis. The companies that attended the interviews were from different companies in the textile upcycling industry. The companies were Rave Review, XV Production, Björkåfrihet and SIPTex. The information from the interviews contributed a ground for the analysis. The semi-structured interviews varied from telephone interviews and visits. The compilations from the interviews have been carefully used to answer the reports research questions. Conclusions are presented as obstacles for the textile upcycling chain at design driven small-scaled actors. One obstacle is to cater bigger quantities of textile consumer waste that keeps the same quality. Another obstacle is the way of ensuring the quality of the product through the value chain to consumers. The third obstacle is that the communication tools are not written according to any principles which contribute to mistakes in the manufacturing process.Återbruk av textilier är en väl omtalad metod för att ta vara på använda textilier för att minska på miljöpåverkan som kommer från textilindustrin. Många snabbt modeväxlande företag har försökt implementera återbruk i deras egna värdekedjor för att bli mer cirkulära. Även om tanken är god, så är det mer som behöver göras för att få en bättre effektivitet när det kommer till att återbruka textila modeprodukter. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka hinder i den textila återbrukskedjan hos småskaliga aktörer som ägnar sig åt designdriven återbruk. Rapporten utreder dels en specifik textil värdekedja som grundar sig på att omdesigna hemtextilier som kommer ifrån textilt konsumentavfall. Rapporten utreder samarbetet mellan leverantör, designer och tillverkare i denna specifika värdekedja. Detta genom att redogöra för deras nuvarande kommunikation och processteg. Studien avser att ligga till grund för skapandet av kommunikationsverktyg för aktörer som arbetar liknande. Re:textile på Science Park Borås är en verksamhet som jobbar med att utveckla nya designmetoder, företagsmodeller samt produktionssystem i textilindustrin för ett bättre cirkulärt flödessystem. Samarbetet med Anna Lidström, Konstnärlig Ledare på Re:textile gjorde det möjligt för författarna att undersöka återbruksindustrin och identifiera bristerna i förproduktion och produktionsprocessen. För insamling av information till denna rapport har datainsamling och intervjuer med svenska företag gjorts. Företagen som ställde upp på intervju var ifrån olika verksamheter i den textila återbruksindustrin. Företagen var Rave Review, XV Production, Björkåfrihet och SIPTex. Information från intervjuerna bidrog till underlag för en analys. De semi-konstruerade intervjuerna varierade med både telefonintervju samt platsbesök. Sammanställningarna från intervjuerna har med aktsamhet använts för få svar på rapportens frågeställningar. Slutsatser redogörs som hinder för den textila återbrukskedjan hos designdrivna småskaliga aktörer. Ett hinder är bland annat att tillgodose större kvantiteter av textilt konsumentavfall som håller samma kvalitet. Ett annat hinder är att säkerställa kvalitén av produkten genom värdekedjan till kund. Ett tredje hinder är att kommunikationsverktygen inte är skrivna enligt några principer vilket bidrar till misstag i tillverkningsprocessen.
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Oliveira, Clélia Aparecida da Silva 1972. "Tratamento de corante têxtil por eletrólise, fotólise e fotocatálise utilizando LED UV = Treatment of textile dye by electrolytic, photolytic and photocatalytic processes." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267750.
Abstract:
Orientador: Peterson Bueno de MoraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia
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Resumo: A indústria têxtil gera elevados volumes de efluentes com alta carga orgânica e compostos recalcitrantes, os quais são tratados por sistemas baseados em processos físicos, químicos e biológicos convencionais. Entretanto, o caráter não destrutivo dos tratamentos convencionais representa um sério problema no setor. Nos últimos 20 anos, os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POA) têm estado em evidência devido à sua capacidade em degradar inúmeros compostos orgânicos contidos em águas e efluentes. Uma grande quantidade de trabalhos utilizando luz UV a partir de lâmpadas de vapor de mercúrio tem resultado em elevada eficiência de degradação de substratos recalcitrantes incluindo efluentes têxteis; entretanto, demandam elevado consumo de energia elétrica, encarecendo o tratamento. Em contrapartida, o surgimento de Diodos Emissores de Luz Ultravioleta (LED UV) abre novas fronteiras de aplicação no campo de tratamento de águas residuárias, quanto a custo, operacionalidade e tamanho dos sistemas. Nesse trabalho estudou-se a degradação de um efluente têxtil simulado contendo o corante Remazol Azul Brilhante (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) através de processos eletroquímicos e fotoeletroquímicos que utilizam LED UV, utilizando-se dois reatores: um operando em batelada contendo o fotocatalisador TiO2 e o outro, em fluxo, contendo um cátodo (tela cilíndrica de aço-inoxidável), um tubo de quartzo contendo os LED UV e o Anodo Dimensionalmente Estável (ADE 70%TiO2/30%RuO2). Os resultados demonstraram que, no reator de bancada, a eficiência de remoção de cor foi de 100% para concentração inicial de 50 mg L-1 do corante, em 24 horas de tratamento. No reator em fluxo, utilizando Na2SO4 como eletrólito, o processo eletrolítico resultou em eficiência de 65%; o fotoeletrocatalítico, em 68%, operando a 750 L h-1 e em 57,3 mA cm-2. Quando foi utilizado o eletrólito NaCl, obteve-se remoção de 100% da cor em 5 minutos de tratamento a 750 L h-1, independente da concentração inicial do corante utilizada (50 mg L-1 ou 100 mg L-1), da concentração do eletrólito (0,05 M ou 0,1 M), da densidade de corrente (14,3 mA cm-2 , 28,7 mA cm-2 ou 57,3 mA cm-2) e do processo utilizado
Abstract: The textile industry generates large amount of wastewater containing significant organic load and recalcitrant compounds, which in most cases are treated by conventional systems involving physical, chemical and biological processes, the latter represented mainly by activated-sludge treatment. However, the non-destructive profile of conventional treatments is a serious problem for textile-based industry. Over the past 20 years, the study of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) has been carried out due to its high capacity degradation of numerous organic pollutants contained in waters and wastewaters. Research using UV light from mercury vapor lamps usually has resulted in high efficiency degradation of recalcitrant substrates including textile effluents but requires high electrical power consumption besides other drawbacks. In contrast, the emergence of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LED) opens new perspectives for application on wastewater treatment, concerning efficiency, footprint and costs of the systems. In this work we studied the degradation of a simulated wastewater containing a textile dye, Remazol Brilliant Blue (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) through electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes using UV LED as ultraviolet radiation source. The experimental apparatus consisted of two systems: the first, a bench-scale reactor containing TiO2 photocatalyst (P25 DEGUSSA) in solution, and another pilot-scale system operated in batch recirculation mode composed of an tubular stainless-steel screen cathode, a quartz tube containing the UV LED and a oxide-coated titanium anode (DSA©30%TiO2/70%RuO2). The results showed total decolorization of a solution containing 50 mg L-1 of RB in 24-hour treatment in the bench-scale reactor. Tests on flow reactor using Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte resulted in 65% of color removal using electrolytic process and 68% for photoelectrocatalytic process operating at 750 L h-1 and 57.3 mA cm-2. In experiments using the electrolyte NaCl it was obtained 100% in the color degradation within 5 minutes of treatment at 750 L h-1, regardless of the: initial concentration of dye used (50 mg L-1; 100 mg L-1), concentration of the electrolyte (0.05 M; 0.1 M) and current density value (14.3; 28.7; 57.3 mA cm-2)
Mestrado
Tecnologia e Inovação
Mestra em Tecnologia
30
Sellar, Christian Pickles John. "The relationship between the processes of outsourcing of Italian textile and clothing firms and the emergence of industrial districts in Eastern Europe." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1162.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography." Discipline: Geography; Department/School: Geography.
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Romero, Sánchez José Miguel Ernesto, and Vílchez Ruby Dadiana Martínez. "Propuesta de mejora en el proceso de tintorería y acabado de tela de una empresa del rubro textil empleando la metodología Lean Manufacturing." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657010.
Abstract:
El sector textil presenta un problema general, debido a la creciente introducción de productos internacionales (chinos, hindús, etc.) por el bajo costo del personal y el uso de equipos de alta tecnología, esto obliga a las empresas del rubro a mejorar sus procesos productivos, producir más con menos, y reducir costos desde los trabajos más básicos. Por ello, se propone implementar la metodología Lean, enfocándonos directamente en la optimización de los procesos productivos utilizando sus diversas herramientas y una selección de indicadores para el seguimiento de los resultados. Para validar se realizó un caso de estudio aplicado en una empresa real que implementó las diferentes herramientas Lean y la matriz Kaizen en el proceso de teñido y acabados, proceso que presenta un alto porcentaje de defectos. Esto permitió, reducir de manera efectiva la cantidad de reprocesos en un significativo 10.94%, que permitió un ahorro a la empresa de $184,320.42The textile sector presents a general problem, due to the increasing introduction of international products (Chinese, Hindu, etc.) due to the low cost of labor and the use of high-tech equipment, this forces companies in the sector to improve your production processes, produce more with less, and reduce costs from the most basic jobs. Therefore, it is proposed to implement the Lean Manufacturing methodology, focusing directly on the optimization of production processes using its various tools and a selection of indicators for monitoring results. To validate, a case study was carried out applied in a real company that implemented the different Lean tools and the Kaizen matrix in the dyeing and finishing process, a process that presents a high percentage of defects. This allowed to effectively reduce the amount of reprocessing by a significant 10.94%, which allowed the company to save $ 184,320.42.
Tesis
32
Kirschner, Auguste. "Contribution à l'étude des variables et processus aléatoires associés aux structures textiles linéaires." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0047.
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Matysíková, Jana. "Znovu-užití vyčištěných odpadních vod v papírenském a textilním průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225374.
Abstract:
This thesis deals with Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and its aplication for textile wastewaters treatment and reuse. AOP is a modern technology which currently recieves increased attention due to it´s high efficiency in removing resistant and hardly-degradable pollution. Thesis consists of search and practical part. Search part is created by three chapters. First chapter describe briefly wastewater reuse. The second chapter deals with Advanced oxidation processes. AOP principle, AOP division and descriotion is included with the strong focus on the ozonation technology. The third chapter presents the textile industry and its wastewaters. The practical part of this thesis consists of two chapters. Chapter 5 describes testing of textile wastewaters decoloration by ozonation in the selected textile copany and its results. This results are used in chapter 6. Chapter 6 is the study of textile industry treatment and reuse in the selected textile company. This study contains the design of two options for wastewater treatment and reuse in the textile processes.
34
Motoki, Edison Massao. "Procedimentos para mitigação do impacto de qualidade de energia na indústria têxtil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-27072007-164807/.
Abstract:
O avanço crescente da tecnologia nos processos industriais atuais, bem como o elevado grau de interação de equipamentos e processos, provocou o aumento da sua sensibilidade a variações de energia, ou o aumento do grau de sensibilidade de algumas cargas industriais, o que gera interrupções de produção industrial. Essas, ocasionadas por problemas de qualidade de energia, levam a diversos fatores indesejáveis às indústrias, tais como: perdas de produção, perdas de faturamento, perda de matéria-prima, uso irracional de energia, dentre outros. Um processo têxtil apresenta grandes perdas de produção quando ocorrem esses eventos. Esta dissertação apresenta uma série seqüencial de procedimentos técnicos adotados experimentalmente em duas plantas de fiação sintética, para mitigar o impacto da qualidade de energia numa indústria química-têxtil. O problema de qualidade de energia estudado foi a variação de tensão de curta duração (VTCD), especificamente os afundamentos de tensão, sobre uma carga crítica. Quando esses eventos ocorriam, havia um grande volume de perdas no processo, em função da descontinuidade operacional provocada por esses afundamentos de tensão. Por meio de procedimentos foi possível identificar a carga crítica, no caso, os conversores estáticos de freqüência utilizados amplamente nesse processo. Uma vez identificada essa carga, foi possível a realização de intervenções objetivando reduzir a sua sensibilidade. Dois experimentos realizados através de um painel que simulou a situação do processo, com testes de afundamentos de tensão em conversores estáticos de freqüência, além de outros trabalhos experimentais utilizados como referências nessa dissertação, serviram como complemento para a conclusão. As intervenções realizadas tiveram como conseqüência a melhoria de qualidade do produto, aumento da produtividade, além de grande retorno financeiro.The increasing evolution of technology in the current industrial processes, as well as the high interaction degree of equipment items and processes, have caused the increase in their sensitivity to voltage variations. The increase of sensitivity in some industrial loads generates interruptions in the industrial production. That happens due to power quality problems, which causes many undesired effects to the industries, such as losses in production, invoicing and raw material, unreasonable use of energy, among others. A textile process presents large production losses whenever these events in the process occur. This dissertation presents a sequence of technical procedures adopted experimentally in two yarn plants, to mitigate and reduce the impact of power quality problems in the chemical textile plant. The problem of power quality studied was short duration voltage variations, specifically the voltage sags. These events lead to a big volume of loss in the process, by operational disruption of sensitivity loads provoked by the voltage sags. By means of the proposed procedures it was possible to identify the critical load, in this case the ASD (Adjustable Speed Drive), a kind of load used extensively in the textile process; once identified this load, it was possible to carry out interventions aiming at the reduction of loads sensitivities. Two experiences were realized through a panel that simulated the process, by applying voltage sags to the drivers - ASD (Adjustable Speed Drive). Besides that other research works surveyed to complement and conclude this dissertation. The interventions realized have had as consequence the improvement in the product quality, increasing productivity, as well as an excellent payback.
35
Dréan, Jean-Yves, and Marc Renner. "Contribution à l'étude théorique et expérimentale du processus d'obtention des textiles linéaires." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0018.
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Badmus, Kassim Olasunkanmi. "Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater with combined advanced oxidation." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6785.
Abstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are very tenacious wastewater contaminants with negative impact on the ecosystem. The two major sources of POPs are wastewater from textile industries and pharmaceutical industries. They are known for their recalcitrance and circumvention of nearly all the known wastewater treatment procedures. However, the wastewater treatment methods which applied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are documented for their successful remediation of POPs. AOPs are a group of water treatment technologies which is centered on the generation of OH radicals for the purpose of oxidizing recalcitrant organic contaminants content of wastewater to their inert end products. Circumvention of the reported demerits of AOPs such as low degradation efficiency, generation of toxic intermediates, massive sludge production, high energy expenditure and operational cost can be done through the application of the combined AOPs in the wastewater treatment procedure. The resultant mineralisation of the POPs content of wastewater is due to the synergistic effect of the OH radicals produced in the combined AOPs. Hydrodynamic cavitation is the application of the pressure variation in a liquid flowing through the venturi or orifice plates. This results in generation, growth, implosion and subsequent production of OH radicals in the liquid matrix. The generated OH radical in the jet loop hydrodynamic cavitation was applied as a form of advanced oxidation process in combination with hydrogen peroxide, iron (II) oxides or the synthesized green nano zero valent iron (gnZVI) for the treatment of simulated textile and pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Laktim, Mariana Costa. "Cama, mesa e banho: desenvolvimento de materiais e processos têxteis, design e moda no Brasil (1976 - 2017)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-31102018-172203/.
Abstract:
O enxoval é conhecido desde a antiguidade e tem passado por uma série de modificações, refletidas no tipo de tecido, confecção, design, moda e na participação do mercado. Estas mudanças também foram influenciadas pela mudança da posição da mulher na sociedade. A presente pesquisa objetivou em estudar o desenvolvimento do setor de cama, mesa e banho no Brasil, ocorrido de 1976 a 2017, em termos de aspectos de mercado, materiais e processos têxteis, design e moda. A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa das revistas Casa Vogue Brasil e Casa Cláudia de 1977 a 2017 para estudo e análise de materiais têxteis, designs e marcas do setor de cama, mesa e banho a partir das imagens e textos. Em adição, foi efetuada, em base dos principais relatórios relacionados à indústria têxtil e de confecção e demais literatura, pesquisa dos processos e maquinários para a produção de cama, mesa e banho e aspectos de mercado desse setor. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas do setor de cama, mesa e banho. Os materiais e designs têxteis clássicos são nítidos na preferência da apresentação de estilo. Em relação ao comércio, ocorreram grandes mudanças no mercado brasileiro dos anos 1976 aos 2017. No início desse período o destaque eram lojas de departamento e, com o passar dos anos, as empresas foram criando seu espaço com destaques nas marcas. As marcas com maior apresentação nas últimas duas décadas (anos 2000 e 2010) da revista Casa Vogue Brasil foram Trousseau, Trussardi e a loja de departamento de multimarcas Mundo do Enxoval (essas marcas tem o destaque para o público de maior poder aquisitivo no Brasil). Na revista Casa Cláudia, foram Buddemeyer, Trousseau e MMartan. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se mais acessível a compra dos produtos de cama, mesa e banho industrializados e aumentou assim a exportação brasileira. As evoluções dos maquinários e todo o processo envolvido, auxiliaram à obtenção de produtos com valores mais acessíveis, melhor qualidade e padronagem dos produtos acabados. Constata-se que, o setor avança e se desenvolve constituindo um importante papel na produção têxtil. No entanto, os padrões clássicos predominam com destaque para a cor branca e o tecido de algodão nos produtos de cama, mesa e banho, sendo o bordado o ornamento de destaque do estilo desses produtos. A manutenção desses padrões por parte dos fabricantes brasileiros é interessante para manter vendas no mercado interno, mas um limitante para produtos de exportação destinados a públicos com valores e gostos estéticos distintos e com maior oferta de itens com variedade de designs de superfícieThe trousseau has been known since antiquity and has undergone a series of modifications, reflected in the type of fabric, confection, design, fashion and market share. These changes were also influenced by the changing position of women in society. The present study aimed to study the development of the bed, table and bathroom sector in Brazil, from 1976 to 2017, in terms of market, materials and textile processes, design and fashion. The methodology consisted of a survey of Casa Vogue Brasil and Casa Claudia magazines from 1977 to 2017 for the study and analysis of textile materials, designs and brands in the bed, table and bathroom sector based on images and texts. In addition, on the basis of the main reports related to the textile and clothing industry and other literature, research was carried out on the processes and machinery for the production of bed, table and bath and market aspects of this sector. Finally, interviews were conducted with companies in the bed, table and bathroom sector. The classic textile materials and designs are crisp in style presentation preference. In terms of trade, there were major changes in the Brazilian market from 1976 to 2017. At the beginning of this period the highlights were department stores and, over the years, companies were creating their space with highlights in the brands. The most prominent brands in the last two decades (2000 and 2010) of Casa Vogue Brasil magazine were Trousseau, Trussardi and the multi-brand department store Mundo do Enxoval (these brands have the highlight for the most affluent public in Brazil). In the magazine House Claudia, were Buddemeyer, Trousseau and MMartan. With the technological advance, it became more accessible the purchase of products of bed, table and bath industrialized and thus increased the Brazilian export. The evolutions of the machinery and the whole process involved, helped to obtain products with more accessible values, better quality and standardization of the finished products. It is observed that, the sector advances and develops playing an important role in the textile production. However, classic patterns predominate with white and cotton in bed, table and bath products, with embroidery being the most outstanding ornament of the style of these products. The maintenance of these standards by the Brazilian manufacturers is interesting to maintain sales in the domestic market, but a limitation for export products destined to audiences with different values and aesthetic tastes and with a greater supply of items with a variety of surface designs
38
Barrientos, Ramos Nicole Jonika, and Cayetano Luz Milagros Tapia. "Modelo Lean Manufacturing de reducción de mudas aplicando el trabajo estandarizado para reducir la cantidad de productos con defectos en Mypes textiles." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653024.
Abstract:
En la actualidad, la industria textil equivale al 7.2% del PBI de las empresas manufactureras y es el segundo grupo con mayor participación en el mercado, pues tiene un impacto significativo en la economía del país. Sin embargo, ha sufrido gran inestabilidad en sus ventas debido a la alta competitividad proveniente sobre todo del sudeste asiático, quienes han llevado consigo producciones de alto volumen con costos operativos por debajo del mercado, frente a ello, muchas compañías han optado por la tercerización de diversas etapas de la producción con la finalidad de disminuir sus costos. La baja productividad, la variabilidad de sus procesos, los sobrecostos operativos, los largos tiempos de producción, entre otros, son las principales causas de la brecha que existe en el sector y a las cuales se debe atacar. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta investigación es aportar a la industria textil con metodologías y herramientas que le permitan ser competitiva en el sector, logrando disminuir los sobrecostos operativos. Se analizará un estudio de caso real aplicado a una empresa denominada TEXTIL S.AC. siguiendo la aplicación del trabajo combinado que permita integrar mano de obra, método de trabajo y máquinas y con ello las mudas como los productos con defectos que incurre en gastos para la compañía. Los principales resultados permitieron concluir que las herramientas Lean son efectivas para normalizar el proceso y con ello lograr reducir la variabilidad y aumentar la productividad de una empresa textil.Currently, the textile industry is equivalent to 7.2% of the GDP of manufacturing companies and is the second group with the largest market share, as it has a significant impact on the country's economy. However, it has suffered great instability in its sales due to the high competitiveness coming especially from Southeast Asia, who have carried out high-volume productions with operating costs below the market, compared to this, many companies have opted for outsourcing of Various stages of production with the proposal of reducing their costs. Low productivity, the variability of its processes, operating cost overruns, long production times, among others, are the main causes of the gap that exists in the sector and which must be attacked. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to contribute to the textile industry with methodologies and tools that will be competitive in the sector, reducing operating costs. A real case study applied to an affected company TEXTIL S.AC. will be analyzed. following the application of the combined work that allows integrating labor, work method and machines and with it the changes as products with defects that incur costs for the company. The main results led to the conclusion that Lean tools are effective in normalizing the process and thereby reduce variability and increase the productivity of a textile company.
Trabajo de investigación
39
Párraga, Orellana Jhony Joel, and Flores Jonathan Eduardo Yarlequé. "Mypes textiles de fibra de alpaca para poder atender pedidos de gran volumen." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628190.
Abstract:
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo elaborar un modelo básico de Gestión por Procesos para que las Mypes textiles de fibra de alpaca que existen en la Ciudad de Puno, en el departamento de Puno del Perú, logren iniciarse en la atención de pedidos de gran tamaño. El presente modelo bosqueja la estandarización del Planeamiento y Control de la Producción. La finalidad es que las diferentes MYPES trabajen bajo el mismo esquema para estandarizar los productos finales mediante un comportamiento asociativo para atender pedidos de gran tamaño.
Este trabajo se enfoca en cuatro capítulos, el primer capítulo se centra en la investigación del sector sobre el cual estamos realizando la investigación. El segundo capítulo se muestra los resultados de la investigación que se realizó mediante la bola de nieve. El tercer capítulo se establecen los planes de mejora alineados a un enfoque básico de procesos. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se presentan las validaciones tanto de expertos como de los propios productores de las MYPES.
Los resultados obtenidos mediante entrevistas a los 49 productores de las MYPES fueron que el 84% trabaja sin procesos estipulados, simplemente por experiencia. Asimismo, el 79% desconoce de la importancia de cuadros de control para lograr las mejoras a los reprocesos. Adicionalmente, el 90% rechaza pedidos de gran tamaño, ya que no cuentan con la capacidad de producción ni la materia prima que se requieren. Finalmente, solo el 9% realiza seguimiento a sus clientes y proveedores.The objective of the thesis is to elaborate a basic Process Management model so that the Alpaca fiber textile SMEs that exist in the City of Puno, in the department of Puno of Peru, can begin to take care of large orders. This model outlines the standardization of Production Planning and Control. The purpose is that the different SMEs work under the same scheme to standardize the final products through an associative behavior to meet large orders. This work focuses on four chapters, the first chapter focuses on the research of the sector on which we are conducting the research. The second chapter shows the results of the research that was done using the snowball. The third chapter establishes improvement plans aligned to a basic process approach. Finally, in the fourth chapter the validations of both experts and the producers of the SMEs are presented. The results obtained through interviews with the 49 SMEs producers were that 84% work without stipulated processes, simply by experience. Also, 79% are unaware of the importance of control panels to achieve improvements to reprocesses. Additionally, 90% reject large orders, since they do not have the production capacity or the raw material required. Finally, only 9% follow up on their customers and suppliers.
Tesis
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Santivañez, Enciso Mayerlin Arazeli, and Orcottoma Leonidas Aaron Saroli. "Modelo de Manufactura Esbelta Adaptada a la Reducción de Tiempo de Entrega de Pedidos en una Pyme Peruana del Sector Textil-Confección." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651892.
Abstract:
La existencia de retrasos en la entrega de pedidos en las pymes del sector textil-confección, la creciente demanda de los clientes por obtener un producto de calidad y percibir los pedidos a tiempo ha obligado a las organizaciones a implementar modelos de mejora en sus sistemas productivos. Por tal motivo, este artículo propone utilizar un modelo que se adapte a la reducción de tiempos de entrega en las líneas productivas de empresas de confección basado en la aplicación de manera combinada de buenas prácticas, herramientas y conceptos de manufactura esbelta. Esta combinación se enfatiza en la utilización del mapa de flujo de valor (VSM) como herramienta de diagnóstico, estandarización como oportunidad de mejora y un sistema modular que resalta conceptos esbeltos que son aplicables para minimizar el tiempo de inventarios en proceso. Logrando obtener como resultado la reducción de un 24% en el tiempo de espera total de las prendas.The existence of delays in the delivered orders in SMEs in the clothing sector, the growing demand of customers to obtain a quality product and receive the orders on time has forced organizations to implement improvement models in their production systems. For these reasons, this article proposes to use a model that adapts to the reduction of delivery times in the production lines of garment companies based on the combined application of good practices, tools and concepts of lean manufacturing. This combination emphasizes the use of the value stream map (VSM) as a diagnostic tool, work standardization as an opportunity for improvement and a modular system that highlights lean concepts that are applicable to minimize the time of inventories in process. Achieving a 24% reduction in the total lead time of the garments.
Trabajo de investigación
41
Wilsby, Astrid. "Insight in cellulose degradation." Thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302670.
Abstract:
I strävan efter att minska textilindustrins omfattande miljöpåverkan utvecklas nya metoder för textilåtervinning. Idag återvinns bomullstyg av Renewcell på deras anläggning i Kristinehamn. Den återvunna produkten, Circulose®, är en dissolvingmassa som kan användas för att spinna nya viskosfibrer som man i sin tur kan använda för att göra nya kläder. Föreliggande arbete är en förstudie om möjligheten att optimera Renewcellls återvinningsprocess. Arbetet inkluderar en optimering av massaprocessen vilket resulterar i en mer effektiv process som minskar förbrukningen av processkemikalier.To reduce the extensive environmental impact of the textile industry, new methods for textile recycling are being developed. Today, cotton-based fabric is recycled by Renewcell at their facility in Kristinehamn. The recycled product, Circulose®, is a dissolving pulp that can be used to spin new viscose fibers, which in turn can be used to make new clothes. The present work is a feasibility study on the possibility of optimizing Renewcell's recycling process. The work includes an optimization of the pulp process, which results in a more efficient process with a reduced consumption of process chemicals.
42
Pichon, Noémie. "Méthode de génération de données d’inventaire du génie des procédés textiles : contribution à l’écoconception des vêtements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0039.
Abstract:
L’industrie de la mode et du textile est une chaine de valeur complexe, fortement fragmentée et mondialisée qui nécessite de nombreux corps de métiers, dont les expertises sont spécifiques et le niveau de connaissance sur les enjeux environnementaux du secteur s’avère très hétérogène. A l’heure où la prise en compte des problématiques climatiques et environnementales n’a jamais été aussi présente, la littérature scientifique s’est étoffée pour évaluer les impacts sur l’environnement et la santé humaine de ce secteur d’activité identifié comme la quatrième industrie la plus polluante d'Europe, toutes catégories d'impact confondues. L’éco-conception des produits est une démarche aujourd’hui centrale pour l’atteinte des objectifs de réduction des impacts du secteur. L’enjeu est aujourd’hui d’étendre son usage à un maximum d’acteurs.L’objet principal de ces travaux a été de mettre au point une méthode de génération de données d’Inventaire du Cycle de Vie (ICV) textile afin de favoriser la démarche d’éco-conception et d’amélioration continue de l’étape de production du cycle de vie d’un vêtement. Les travaux de recherche ont été conduits à l’échelle la plus fine du génie des procédés textiles, c’est-à-dire à l’échelle du procédé unitaire. Une illustration de cette méthode pour une étape spécifique de transformation du génie textile : de la fibre aux fils, aussi appelée filature a donc été opérée, incluant le calcul des incertitudes. Enfin, l’analyse des contributions aux résultats a mis en évidence des leviers d’éco-conceptionThe fashion and textile industry is a complex, highly fragmented, and globalized valuechain, requiring a wide range of professions with specific expertise, and a highly heterogeneous level ofknowledge regarding the sector's environmental burdens. Given that climate and environmental issueshave never been so high on the agenda, scientific literature has been growing in recent years to assessthe environmental and human health impacts of this sector, which has been identified as the fourth mostpolluting industry in Europe, all impact categories combined. The eco-design of products is today acentral approach to achieve the sector's impact reduction targets. The challenge today is to extend itsuse to as many players as possible.The main aim of this research was to develop a method for generating textile Life Cycle Inventory(LCI) data, in order to promote eco-design and continuous improvement in the production stage of agarment's life cycle. The research work was carried out at the finest scale of textile process engineering,i.e. at the unit process scale. An illustration of this method for a specific transformation stage in textileengineering: from fiber to yarn, also known as spinning, was therefore carried out, including thecalculation of uncertainties. Finally, the analysis of the contributions to the results highlighted eco-design leverages
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Asurza, Espíritu Rossmery Isabel, and Rivera Verónica Inés Pardo. "Los costos por procesos y su influencia en la rentabilidad de las MYPES del sector textil en el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra en el 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653170.
Abstract:
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto que tiene el sistema de costos por procesos en la rentabilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas que se dedican a fabricar prendas de vestir en el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra. Nos enfocamos en las MYPES debido a que es el principal porcentaje de participación del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra, este último es el mercado tradicional más importante y de gran movimiento económico relacionado a la industria textil. Asimismo, este sector es uno de los más relevantes debido a que contribuye con el crecimiento productivo del país mediante el uso de materias primas de origen nacional.
Se desarrolló esta investigación con el propósito de ayudar a los microempresarios a tomar decisiones acertadas para que puedan mejorar su productividad y competitividad. Mediante las entrevistas, encuestas y el caso práctico que hemos desarrollado se pretende demostrar el impacto positivo en la rentabilidad de los negocios que utilizan un sistema de costos por procesos.The purpose of this research work is to analyze the impact that the cost-per-process system has on the profitability of micro and small businesses that are dedicated to manufacturing clothing in the Commercial Emporium of Gamarra. We focus on the MYPES because it is the main percentage of participation of the Commercial Emporium of Gamarra, the latter is the most important traditional market and of great economic movement related to the textile industry. Likewise, this sector is one of the most relevant because it contributes to the productive growth of the country through the use of raw materials of national origin. This research was developed with the purpose of helping microentrepreneurs to make sound decisions so that they can improve their productivity and competitiveness. Through interviews, surveys and the case study that we have developed, it is intended to demonstrate the positive impact on the profitability of businesses that use a process cost system.
Tesis
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Achando, Susana Alexandra Ginja. "A multimédia como ferramenta de ensino à distância do desenho têxtil." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade do Minho -- -Escola de Engenharia -- -Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29336.
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Galvão, Davi Simão. "Desenvolvimento de um tratamento contínuo de efluente têxtil utilizando filtros de cigarros modificados com íons férricos." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2545.
Abstract:
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Davi Simao Galvao.pdf: 1029030 bytes, checksum: 99c884860ac3a4a739e68c8582f89c21 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T17:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Davi Simao Galvao.pdf: 1029030 bytes, checksum: 99c884860ac3a4a739e68c8582f89c21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27
Com o aumento da população nas últimas décadas, consequentemente aumenta o número de indústrias para suprir as necessidades básicas da população. Dentre essas empresas, a indústria que ganha destaque na região do Paraná é o setor têxtil, onde ocupa o 2º maior pólo confeccionista do Brasil. O grande problema desse setor é que durante o beneficiamento dos tecidos 10-15% dos corantes são lixiviados ao meio ambiente, acarretando sérios danos ao próprio meio ambiente. Desta forma, buscam-se métodos mais eficientes para degradação desta matéria orgânica poluidora, dentre os métodos alternativos que têm sido estudados o Processo Avançado Oxidativo (PAO) é baseado na geração do radical hidroxila (HO•), que é um forte agente oxidante levando a oxidação da matéria orgânica. Esse processo ainda pode ser dividido em vários tipos, como processos com e sem radiação, homogêneos e heterogêneos. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a degradação de um efluente têxtil real utilizando o processo “tipo-Fenton”, onde utiliza-se os filtros de cigarros como material suporte para a imobilização de íons férricos. Para monitorar a degradação foi utilizado técnicas analíticas como Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO),Turbidez, Cor, detecção de Ferro Total, e a detecção de peróxido de hidrogênio. Os resultados mostraram que no reator contínuo o COT foi reduzido em 78,62%, a DQO em 64%, a turbidez 65,5%, enquanto que a cor 42% em 90 minutos de reação. A lixiviação de ferro total foi de 0, 072 mg L-1 e o peróxido residual foi 29 mg L-1. Isso mostra a eficiência desse método para tratamento de efluentes têxteis.
With the increase of the population in the last decades, consequently the number of industries increases to satisfy the basic necessities of the population. Among these companies, the industry that stands out in the region of Paraná is the textile sector, where it occupies the second largest confectionary pole in Brazil. The biggest problem of this sector is that during the processing of the tissues 10-15% of the dyes are leached to the environment, causing serious damages to the own environment. The Oxidative Advanced Process (PAO) is based on the generation of the hydroxyl radical (HO•), which is a strong oxidizing agent leading to the oxidation of organic problem. This process can still be divided into several types, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous processes with and without radiation. Thus the objective of this work was to study the degradation of a real textile effluent using the "Fenton-like" process, where the cigarette filters are used as support material for the immobilization of ferric ions. To monitor the degradation, analytical techniques such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity, Color, Total Iron Detection and the detection of hydrogen peroxide.The results showed that in the continuous reactor the TOC was reduced by 78.62%, the COD by 64%, the turbidity 65.5%, while the color 42% by 90 minutes of reaction. Total iron leaching was 0.072 mg L-1 and the residual peroxide was 29 mg L-1. This shows us the efficiency of this method for treatment of textile effluents.
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Bardales, Vasquez Zonia Brenda, and Alvarado Paolo Stevens Tito. "Propuesta de reducción de incumplimiento de pedidos en empresa productora de tela para exportación mediante la alineación de herramientas de calidad y gestión por procesos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657117.
Abstract:
El presente proyecto presenta la implementación de una metodología innovadora que permita integrar la Gestión por Procesos con los lineamientos de herramientas de calidad en una empresa exportadora del rubro Textil. Este, pretende ser una guía para la aplicabilidad y adaptabilidad de la técnica innovadora en diferentes rubros.
Primero, se desarrollará los antecedentes del entorno textil y las principales deficiencias con el que este se desarrolla. Así mismo, se analizará la importancia del sector para el país dado su aporte en el PBI, así como el estudio de la técnica a emplear para la solución del problema.
Posteriormente se realizará el análisis del caso de estudio, el cual iniciará con la justificación cualitativa y cuantitativa para luego analizar las causas inmediatas y raíces. Se pretende determinar la relación entre variables que permitan demostrar la repercusión en el problema central hallado y el impacto económico que demuestre el efecto sobre la rentabilidad.
Seguidamente, se planteará la propuesta innovadora como solución del problema y su estructuración, se esquematizará los alcances, consideraciones y un cronograma que permita determinar el tiempo estimado para su desarrollo.
Luego, se realizará la validación de efectividad del modelo piloto y los indicadores que permitan evidenciarlo de acuerdo con el análisis de la situación actual de la empresa, acompañado de la evaluación económicamente que demuestre su rentabilidad y el periodo de retorno de la inversión
Finalmente, se desarrollarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones generales y específicas que arroja el informe completo con los cálculos, logros obtenidos vs lo esperado.The present project presents the implementation of an innovative methodology that allows integrating Process Management with the guidelines of quality tools in a company that exports Textile. This aims to be a guide for the applicability and adaptability of the innovative technique in different areas. First, the background of the textile environment and the main deficiencies with which it develops will be developed. Likewise, the importance of the sector for the country will be analyzed given its contribution to GDP, as well as the study of the technique to be used to solve the problem. Later the analysis of the case study will be carried out, which will begin with the qualitative and quantitative justification and then analyze the immediate causes and roots. The aim is to determine the relationship between variables that allow demonstrating the impact on the central problem found and the economic impact that demonstrates the effect on profitability. Subsequently, the innovative proposal will be presented as a solution to the problem and its structuring, the scope, considerations and a schedule will be outlined to determine the estimated time for its development. Then, the effectiveness of the pilot model and the indicators that allow it to be evidenced will be carried out in accordance with the analysis of the current situation of the company, accompanied by an economic evaluation that demonstrates its profitability and the period of return on investment. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations of the full report with the achievements are developed
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
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Romakkaniemi, I. (Idamaria). "Biodegradation of synthetic textile fibres." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201808232664.
Abstract:
Synthetic fibres are a raw-materials, that have rapidly become more commonly used in the textile industry. They are used in many everyday products as such or as blends with other fibres like cotton. Synthetic fibres are utilized to achieve the wanted special abilities in textiles. Synthetic textile fibres are composed of polymers and mainly do not decompose in nature as such. Accumulation of these fibres is a growing environmental problem across the globe. If digested, synthetic fibres can be dangerous to organisms. To solve this problem, research has been done to find biological ways of degrading synthetic fibres. Different kinds of micro-organisms have been examined to find organisms that can utilize synthetic fibres in their metabolism. In this bachelor’s thesis the aim was to gather as much information as possible on researches done on synthetic fibre biodegradation to date. Different kinds of fibres and their components were identified and the production processes were examined. Biodegradation of each fibre and their components by microbes and enzymes was investigated. The majority of results were found on polyurethane fibres while less results related to aromatic polyamide fibres. As a result of this data collection it could be stated, that the topic needs more scientific research to find effective ways to biodegrade synthetic fibres. The goal of this literary research is to give an extensive overview on the pollution problem caused by synthetic textile fibres and the biological methods of degrading them as well as to emphasize that the gathered information should be utilized to solve the problemSynteettiset kuidut ovat nopeasti yleistynyt materiaali tekstiiliteollisuudessa. Niitä käytetään monissa arkipäiväisissäkin tuotteissa sellaisenaan tai sekoitettuna muiden kuitujen kuten puuvillan kanssa. Niillä pyritään saavuttamaan tekstiilille halutut erityisominaisuudet. Synteettiset tekstiilikuidut koostuvat polymeereistä ja eivät pääsääntöisesti hajoa luonnossa sellaisenaan. Niiden kerääntyminen luontoon ja meriin on kasvava ympäristöongelma ympäri maailmaa. Synteettiset polymeerit voivat olla vaarallisia eliöille joutuessaan niiden ruuansulatukseen. Tämän ongelman ratkaisemiseksi on pyritty löytämään biologisia menetelmiä hajottaa synteettisiä kuituja. Erilaisia mikro-organismeja on tutkittu, jotta löydettäisiin organismeja, jotka pystyisivät hyödyntämään synteettisiä kuituja metaboliassaan. Tässä kandidaatin työssä pyrittiin keräämään mahdollisimman kattavasti tietoa tähän päivään mennessä tehdyistä tutkimuksista synteettisten kuitujen biohajoamisesta. Erilaiset kuitulajit ja niiden komponentit määriteltiin ja selvitettiin, millaisella prosessilla niitä valmistetaan. Jokaisen kuidun ja niiden komponenttien biohajoamista selvitettiin mikrobien ja entsyymien avulla. Eniten tutkimustuloksia löytyi polyuretaanikuiduista ja vähiten aromaattisista polyamidikuiduista. Tiedonhankinnan tuloksena voisi todeta, että aihe vaatii yhä tieteellistä lisätutkimusta, jotta löydetään tehokas biologinen keino hajottaa synteettisiä kuituja. Tämä kirjallisuustutkielman tavoite on antaa laaja yleiskuva synteettisten tekstiilikuitujen aiheuttamasta saasteongelmasta ja niiden biologisesta hajottamisesta sekä pyrkiä korostamaan, että kerättyjä taustatietoja tulisi hyödyntää ongelman ratkaisemisessa
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Oliveira, Ivy dos Santos. "Integração do tratamento microbiológico com células imobilizadas e tecnologias emergentes (Processos Oxidativos Avançados) para o tratamento de efluentes gerados na indústria têxtil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-11022010-105753/.
Abstract:
A integração de diferentes processos de tratamento na degradação de efluente têxtil foi avaliada utilizando-se a técnica de precipitação, processos oxidativos avançados (POA) e tratamento biológico aeróbio. Os POAs (Ozônio/UV e reagente de Fenton/UV) foram avaliados com experimentos em bateladas de acordo com um planejamento fatorial L18 (Método Tagushi) em função da vazão de ozônio, concentração de reagente Fenton, radiação UV, pH e temperatura. No tratamento microbiológico por processo contínuo, foi utilizado um reator de leito fluidizado com células imobilizadas de zeólitas e avaliados parâmetros como pré-tratamento com POAs, vazão de aeração, taxa de diluição. Concluiu-se que com o pré-tratamento físico-químico obteve-se resultados bastante satisfatórios na redução da DQO e COT, porém gerou uma quantidade desnecessária de lodo. A integração lodo ativado/Reagente Fenton mostrou-se bastante adequada, principalmente na remoção da cor e turbidez; a variedade e freqüência dos microrganismos observados durante o monitoramento biológico foram condizentes com os sistemas de lodo ativado operando eficientemente e o emprego de zeólitas como suporte mostrou-se significativo, alcançando 63,3 % de imobilização do microrganismo no suporte.The integration of different treatment processes in the degradation of textile wastewater was evaluated using precipitation technique, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and aerobic biological treatment. AOPs (Ozone/UV and reagent of Fenton/UV) were evaluated in batch experiments according to a factorial planning L18 (Tagushi Method) in function of the flow of ozone, concentration of reagent Fenton, UV radiation, pH and temperature. In the microbiological treatment for continuous process, a reactor of bed fluidized was used with immobilized cells of zeolites some parameters were evaluated such as pre-treatment with AOPs, aeration flow, diluition rate. Satisfactory results were obtained with the physical-chemistry pre-treatment in the reduction of COD and TOC, however it generated an unnecessary amount of sludge. The integration activated sludge/Reagent Fenton was shown quite appropriate, mainly in the removal of the color and turbidity; the variety and frequency of the microorganisms observed during the biological monitorament were suitable with the systems of activated sludge operating efficiently and the use of zeolites as support was shown significant, reaching 63,3 % of immobilization of the microorganism in the support.
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Ho, Ping-Wing. "Discrete event simulation for yarn manufacturing processes." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315679.
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Gallardo, Huamaní Andrea Blanca del Rosario. "Análisis y propuesta de mejora del proceso productivo de una empresa de confecciones de prendas femeninas mediante el uso de herramientas de manufactura esbelta y un sistema tecnológico RFID." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15948.
Abstract:
El presente trabajo ha sido elaborado con la finalidad de optimizar el proceso productivo de prendas femeninas en una empresa dedicada al sector textil – confecciones. Debido a la creciente competitividad generada con la llegada de los Fast-fashion y el lento crecimiento que presenta una pyme con más de 30 años en el mercado ha generado pérdidas representadas en el cierre de 2 boutiques en los últimos dos años motivo por el cual es de suma relevancia realizar un análisis de su sistema de producción actual proponiendo alternativas en base a la filosofía de la Manufactura Esbelta y un sistema tecnológico RFID. La optimización del proceso productivo inicia con el análisis del mapa de flujo de valor actual del área crítica de la empresa identificando problemas actuales y los principales desperdicios mortales logrando diagnosticar actividades críticas las cuales utilizando métodos de identificación de problemas: lluvia de ideas, matriz causa y efecto, diagrama de Ishikawa y Pareto permiten determinar las causas raíz relacionadas en mayor cantidad con la mano de obra y el medio ambiente de la planta de producción. Para conseguir reducir tiempo y mejorar la calidad de los productos en base a la filosofía Lean es fundamental aplicar las herramientas como 5S, TPM (mantenimiento autónomo), Gestión visual y un sistema tecnológico en la producción del producto estrella. En términos cuantitativos, la implementación de herramientas de Manufactura Esbelta representa un ahorro monetario debido a la disminución de horas extras de S/. 5384.5 y la recuperación de un 96% de mermas. Asimismo, la automatización de procesos con la tecnología RFID permite disminuir tiempo de operación de inicialmente 24 a 4 minutos generando ahorros de S/. 348.75. Basando el análisis en el impacto financiero generado y los beneficios económicos esperados en la implementación de las 5S, así como en la tecnología RFID se concluye que el proyecto es factible en el área de producción para la línea de sacos sastres con un VAN de S/. 10 760 y una TIR de 32.28%. Es fundamental capacitar al personal al inicio del programa sobre los beneficios y la importancia de las propuestas logrando direccionar su comportamiento hacia una filosofía de mejora continua involucrándolo en el proceso.Tesis