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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Textile conservation'
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1
Ward, Debbie, and n/a. "Textile conservation at the Australian National Gallery." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.174356.
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Eastop, Dinah. "Stuff happens : a material culture approach to textile conservation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/169895/.
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Textile conservation, defined here as the preservation, investigation and presentation of textiles, is often viewed largely as a technical and aesthetic problem. This research develops an alternative view by understanding objects as being subject to both material and social change. The dynamic aspects of this material and social process is emphasised as ‘stuff happens’. This research proposes, and provides evidence for, a material culture approach to textile conservation, and demonstrates its development and application. An analysis of case studies shows how the material and the social interact at the point of assessment and intervention. Examination of the material aspects of textile conservation reveals that social values influence decision-making. Values held at the time of conservation are shown to depend on the categories used. Investigation of these categories demonstrates that any anomalous quality of the textile undergoing conservation allows for contestation of social values. As values change over time, analysis of each conservation assessment and intervention reveals a comparison of values held at different times viewed retrospectively. The resulting approach is centred on the interaction between things, persons and language where each mediates relations of the others. It is argued that this material culture approach enhances understanding of the dynamic material and social environment of textile conservation principles and practices.
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Robinson, Andrew Jordan. "Analysis of compressed air usage in textile manufacturing for energy conservation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8254.
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Cains, Carol, and n/a. "Internship in textile conservation at the Australian National Gallery, 1981-1984." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060623.130749.
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Ulanch, Rachel N., and Rachel N. Ulanch. "Replicating the Blue Wool Response Using a Smartphone Spectroradiometer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625689.
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A spectroradiometer was developed using the rear camera of the Samsung S7 smartphone for replicating the response of blue wool, a light comparative fading test from the textile industry that was adopted by the art conservation community in the 1960s. This technique was regarded as a cost effective, readily available comparative standard for understanding lightfastness of museum objects, but not an end all solution. Many other solutions have been found since the suggestion of the blue wool standard. Including the Canadian Light Damage Calculator and Lightcheck® ,which are comparator guides for lighting museum objects. The Berlin model for comparing tested spectral data is taken with expensive equipment, to a database to determine an objects sensitivity. Microfadeometry that directly tests the object with a 0.4-mm diameter focused Xenon source that deteriorates the artwork. None however have been able to completely replace the vetted, cost effective, easy to use blue wool standard for determining the sensitivity of museum and gallery objects, but a solution is needed.
The solution is a designed and tested smartphone spectroradiometer attachment that measures the illumination and reflectance spectrum of museum and gallery objects to deduce an absorption spectrum that can be correlated to an expected blue wool response under the same conditions. The attachment for the phone is made from off the shelf and 3D printed parts. It has measured the deterioration of blue wool under a high intensity source and can predict the expected time for a blue wool specimen to visibly fade under the illumination of museum LED lighting.
This thesis covers the design, modeling and testing experiment for the smartphone spectroradiometer that currently has a resolution of ± 7 nm, a spectral range from 393 to 650 nm with five orders of magnitude and an absolute radiometric error of 27.5% with the possibility of room for improvement. This includes increasing the accuracy of the modeled spectrum of the sun used for calibration, applying more advanced noise removal techniques, applying filters in post processing for better resolution and of course using a smartphone that takes raw images and can have its optical image stabilizer turned off during manual mode.
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Garside, Paul. "Investigations of analytical techniques for the characterisation of natural textile fibres towards informed conservation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/406233/.
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The general aim of the research presented in this thesis is to extend the application of microstructural and microchemical analytical techniques, with the longer term objective of better informing textile conservation. The ability to identify the components of threads in historic textiles and characterise their state of degradation is essential when considering potential conservation treatments. Three particular constituents are considered here, namely metals, and plant and silk fibres. Metal threads are found in wide variety of historically important textiles, and their composite nature can complicate characterisation and treatment. Examples from a range of sources were assessed by a range of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. It was demonstrated that these approaches allowed the determination of the general type, composition, state of degradation and likely methods of manufacture of these materials. In addition, investigations of metal threads from two specific artefacts were performed: the Jesse Tapestry, a 15th century ecclesiastical hanging; and a piece of 19th century embroidered artwork, produced in the style of the 17th century. Cellulosic fibres can prove difficult to distinguish due to their similarities in composition and structure. The work presented here describes the development of an ATR FT-IR spectroscopic technique for the characterisation of six species of commonly encountered plant fibres, using linear discriminant analysis on peak intensity ratios, to allow differentiation on the basis of characteristic lignin and cellulose contents. Further investigations using a polarised ATR technique allowed the fibre microstructure to be probed, permitting further distinction, for example of hemp and flax, on the basis of the characteristic angles and senses of winding of the cellulose fibrils. Metal weighted silk fibres, found in many important artefacts, are particularly susceptible to deterioration and so are a special area of concern. The research has concentrated on developing a micro-methodology to assess these materials, and specifically to identify spectroscopic signatures that correlate to physical properties. In order to do so, samples of habutae silk were weighted, using historically accurate methods, then aged by means of either elevated temperatures or intense illumination. Physical properties were assessed by measurement of breaking strength and Young's modulus. Subsequently TGA, HPLC, UV/Visible and ATR analyses were carried out. A good correlation was found between the physical state of the fibres and both the retention time of the major silk peak (measured in the H P L C experiment) and an orientational order parameter (derived from the pol-ATR data).
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Schulz, Karin Hildegard, and n/a. "An internship in textile conservation : July-September 1983 Australian War Memorial, Jun-August 1984 the Abegg Stiftung." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.174002.
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The dissertation is divided into four sections. The
first deals with the work experience gained at the Australian War Memorial, followed by that gained at the Abegg Stiftung.
Observations on visits to other conservation laboratories and
a report on the two international conferences attended, complete
sections three and four.
Work experience at the Australian War Memorial Textile
conservation laboratory involved spending time in assisting
with ongoing programs, conservation treatments carried out
with supervision, as well as research. The time was divided
so that all areas received equal emphasis. Ongoing programs
involved the uniform inspections program and the display
maintenance program. The involvement with routine tasks
of surface cleaning, and with preparation for storage or
display, with both programs, is not detailed in the dissertation.
Nor can the dissertation include all the treatments of objects.
Reference may be made for details on these treatments, to
Australian War Memorial Conservation records for objects with
the following accession numbers: AWM 1102,/5947,/10487,
AWM 7919. However, two treatment reports are included. These
are for a pair of flying boots worn by the Baron von Richthofen,
and for an embroidered silk souvenir. The boots, now on
permanent display were conserved with attention given to the need
to preserve historical evidence, the choice of materials used for
repair and requirements of display. The silk textile treatment
took into consideration the benefits and risks involved in removing
a deteriorated backing and relining a silk which was extremely
embrittled. In the process it was realised that a facing might
give stability to such a deteriorated silk; however, an
initial study of facing materials and methods was required and
was therefore undertaken and reported on in the dissertation.
Whilst inspecting items in the relics collection of the Australian
War Memorial a number of rubberised fabrics and other rubber materials
were observed to show problems such as hardening, embrittlement,
deformation, tackiness or discolouration. It was found that no
information had been published on the treatment and
preservation of such materials in the conservation
literature. A survey on rubber deterioration and
preservation literature since 1900 is included in the
dissertation.
The function, facilities and equipment of the
textile conservation department of the Australian War
Memorial are described as well as the storage of relics
and uniforms.
Work experience at the Abegg Stiftung involved
assisting with group projects in most instances as well as
working independently with supervision. It was therefore
decided to report in general on the types of treatment given
and give a brief account of the experience and skills gained.
An example of a treatment report as was required for the Abegg
Stiftung records is included as well as an example of detailed
personal notes on the progress and treatment of a 15th century
silk chasuble.
The Abegg Stiftung is recognised as one of the foremost
training centres in textile conservation in Europe. This led
me to consider here the benefits and possible limitations of the
program from the impressions gained during the three months
work experience at the Institute.
Round table discussions were held by Mechthilde Flury-
Lehmburg which served to raise questions for discussion by
textile conservation students and staff. This also permitted
a concensus to be reached when items of a complex nature were
to be conserved. A record of such a discussion is annexed.
The Library of the Institute was frequently consulted by
historians, as it specialises in textile conservation literature
and many languages are represented, German being predominant.
This library was consulted on German literature on textile
conservation, and a brief guide to sources is included.
Visits were made to a number of textile conservation
laboratories in Europe. It was possible as a result of these
visits to evaluate various types of equipment which are used
for textile conservation. It was seen that although much
skilful work was being done, especially in laboratories where
more conservative treatments were preferred, there were a
number of questions which were raised and remained unanswered.
Subjects discussed and research undertaken are reported.
The 1IC and ICOM conferences attended, introduced me to
international cooperation and activity in conservation research
and setting of standards. Information found to be relevant to
progress in textile conservation research and related materials
is summarised here.
8
Fiesinger-Lelièvre, Virginie. "La conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace entre matérialité, immatérialité et virtualité : quels enjeux ? Quelles trajectoires ?" Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH6572.
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L'Alsace a été profondément marquée par l'industrie textile. Depuis près de deux siècles, cet héritage se compose, se transmet puis se démantèle avec les taux de croissance structurels et conjoncturels de l'économie et les crises industrielles. Puis, il se recompose de manières arbitraire, hasardeuse, voire opportune (au-delà de la rationalité plus ou moins assurée de stratégie(s) à court terme), pour former de ce fait un paysage culturel, scientifique, technique et industriel unique à chaque instant. Il est alors tout à fait légitime de se demander comment mettre en mémoire l'évolution de ce tissu industriel ans toute sa complexité ? Trois modes de conservation sont potentiellement exploitables : matérielle (concept de la rétro-présence à la néo-présence), immatérielle (concept de mémo-rétroconstruction) et virtuelle (concept d'aréel, favorisant clairement la prise de position sur des contenus matériels e immatériels à sauvegarder). Même si toutes ces possibilités coexistent, un problème reste entier : quelle trajectoire se dessine pour la conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace ? La littérature sur la conservation du patrimoine industriel existante depuis les années 1970 tend à délaisser les relations d'interdépendances existantes entre ces trois modes de conservation. Le peu de résultats disponibles ne permet pas d'apprécier ce que pourrait nous apporter une bonne gestion de ces trois modes de conservation combinés. Ce travail de recherche s'est donné comme objectif de proposer des schémas possibles pour définir un nouveau modèle de conservation, basé sur l'exemple du patrimoine industriel textile en Alsace. La première partie de cette étude explique les processus qui ont permis le passage de l'industrie textile en Alsace au statut de patrimoine. Des choix guidés par des pouvoirs discrétionnaires, des logiques de conservation opposables, une discontinuité de ligne de conduite sur des courtes et longues périodes, de réoccupations parfois plus électoralistes que scientifiques, des désengagements d'hommes de responsabilités ou encore le manque de cohérence entre les acteurs ou les institutions... ont orienté la stratégie de la politique de conservation d'une région. Quel état des lieux peut-on dresser aujourd'hui grâce aux sources historiques ? Quels enjeux se profilent à court, moyen et long terme ? La seconde partie pose les mêmes questions, mais cette fois-ci en recherchant les réponses par l'exploitation exclusive de sources médiatiques. Elle interroge la pertinence des processus actuels de conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile, qu'ils soient matériel, immatériel ou virtuel avec un regard complémentaire à la première partie de cette étude, celui des journalistes, de la représentation publique et politique. Les sciences de l'information et de la communication apportent-elles de nouveaux horizons à la conservation de patrimoine ? Oui, mais pas seulement. Elles ne se limitent pas au rôle d'outils, mais nous verrons comment elles ont un rôle déterminant dans la reconstruction un patrimoine : elles se mettent collectivement en mouvement avec la société pour la définir, en exploitant tous les sens accumulés dans les sèmes liés au patrimoine industriel textile. Elles reconstituent ainsi une référence collective et formulent des hypothèses de transformation, d'adaptation et de projections futures. Nous verrons alors s'il est envisageable de leur réserver un rôle dans la conservation du patrimoine.La troisième partie met en évidence des convergences et les divergences des trois modes de conservation. Elle propose des solutions concrètes pour l'Alsace, puis des concepts transposables pour ouvrir ce nouveaux processus de conservation vers d'autres régions françaises ou pourquoi pas vers d'autre thématiques<br>Alsace has been profoundly marked by the textile industry. For two centuries, its textile heritage has experienced numerous fluctuations, rising and falling according to the structural and cyclical growth rate of the economy and to industrial crises. Fluctuations that, though completely random and uncontrollable (strategies, even short-term, cannot be implemented), have occurred in a timely manner, thus giving rise to constantly changing unique cultural, scientific, technical and industrial landscape.It is thus only right to wonder how the memory of the development of this industrial fabric can be preserved in all its complexity? There are three possible means of preservation: material (retro-presence to neo presence concept), immaterial (concept of memo-retroconstruction) and virtual (concept of what is "areal", clearly promoting position take-up on material and immaterial concepts to be protected). Even if all these possibilities exist side by side, one problem remains unanswered, namely what is the outlook for the preservation of the textile heritage in Alsace? The literature on preservation of industrial heritage available since the 1970s tends to overlook the existing relationships of interdependence between these three modes of preservation. The shortage of results does not allow us to appraise the potential offered by proper management of a combination of these three modes of preservation. This research work thus aims to propose some possible schemes to define a new preservation model, based on the example of the textile industrial heritage in Alsace. The first part of this study explains the processes that have allowed the textile industry in Alsace to accede to heritage status some 200 years ago. Choices guided by discretionary powers, opposable preservation logics, discontinuity in course of action over short and long periods alike, reclaiming more often oriented by lections rather than of a scientific nature, opting-out of those with responsibilities, not to mention the lack of coherence between players and institutions: these are all factors that will guide a Region's preservation policy strategy. What state of affairs can be drawn up today by historical sources? What is the outlook for the future? The second part asks the same questions, but this time seeks for the answers based only on media sources. It questions the pertinence of the current textile heritage preservation processes, material, immaterial and virtual alike, but from a viewpoint different from and complementary to the first part, namely the viewpoint of journalists and public and political contributors. Do communication sciences offer heritage reservation new horizons? Yes they do, but that is not all they offer. We shall see that, far from being mere tool, they play a decisive role in the reconstruction of a heritage, grouping themselves to move with society in order to define it by using all the meanings accumulated in the semes relating to the textile industrial heritage. Through this they form a collective reference, formulating hypotheses for future transformation, adaptation and projections. We shall then see whether it is possible for them to play a role in heritage preservation.The third part highlights the convergences and divergences of the three preservation modes. lt suggest concrete solutions for Alsace, followed by transposable concepts to extend these new preservation processes to other regions in France and, why not, to other areas
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Pironti, Elinor Dei Tos. "The interconnection of culture and manufacture in Japanese No theater costume| Conservation of an Edo Period choken." Thesis, Fashion Institute of Technology, SUNY, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10140949.
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<p>The subject of this qualifying paper is an Edo Period Nō theater <i> chōken</i>. Upon receipt, this choken was in very poor condition. There were six types of damage that needed treatment. </p><p> <i>First</i>, there was extensive warp breakage along the full length of the shoulders and sleeve bottoms and one area of full loss to the base fabric, exposing wefts. <i>Second</i>, a couched metallic thread was used as an outline to five vase motifs and as patterning for four butterflies. All used ‘urushi,’ better known as Japanese lacquer, for an adhesive binding a metal foil its paper substrate. This couched thread had either loss to the metallic surface, to the combined metallic and lacquer surface, or was hanging, and at times twisted back upon itself. <i>Third</i>, there was a cut and finely woven, metallic coated paper used for some of the leaf and insect wing motifs that was tattered, unaligned, had loss to its metallic surface, and was not secure to the base fabric. <i>Fourth</i>, there were areas of weft breakage exposing warps. <i>Fifth</i>, the six exposed selvages that run the full length of the two sleeves and one body panel all needed to be strengthened. <i>Sixth</i>, there was one 3 by 4 inch area in the lower back of the body panel which had complete fabric loss. </p><p> Untreated areas were: areas of warp distortion in the front body panel; a few loose embroidery threads throughout the five floral/vase motifs; and a small amount of loss due to insect infestation. </p><p> Research was done and methods developed in order to find treatment techniques for the lacquer based metallic thread, the cut and woven paper motifs, and the extensive warp breakage extending along the shoulders and sleeve bottoms. </p><p> Due to the difficulty of finding English equivalents to Japanese textile terminology, I included a Comparative Glossary that I hope will be useful to other researchers in this field. </p><p> This project proved to be challenging, but in the end, very rewarding with a new body of knowledge concerning materials used in this type of cultural object. </p>
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Francis-Shearer, Antonette M. A. "Public Health Implications of Retailer Resale of Returned Textile Clothing Merchandise." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6429.
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Historically, 18th century anecdotal accounts of the decimation of several tribes of U.S. of the Native American population by trading of infected textile blankets alludes to the role of retail in the transmission of infectious disease. This study explores implications of the modern day retail organization practice of reselling returned clothing textiles from a public health infectious disease perspective. A qualitative multi-case study, utilized responses from 20 open-ended, unstructured interviews of retail employees assigned to the returns process. Additionally, several informal observations of select U.S.based, top-ranked clothing retail organizations, identified by the National Retail Federation were completed. Select federal, state, and local public health regulations regarding returned clothing textiles were then examined in an attempt to identify potential public health risks. Under a general systems conceptual framework, the points of interaction between the complex adaptive systems seen in retailer and the public health organizations were examined for infectious disease and infestation implications. Using MAXQDA software to perform the analyses, it was found that current retail practices and policy present unacknowledged infectious disease or infestation transmission risks. The risk applies to all, but is particularly relevant to immuno-compromised individuals. Though the risk in accepting and returning clothing to the sales cycle is an industry wide practice, it can be mitigated. Suggested mitigation takes the form of health training, and introduction of disinfection sanitizing tools such as UVC light exposures, into the returns-resale process.The findings point to an opportunity for social change for consumers, retail workers, and the community through update of public health and retail practices.
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Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan. "Ancient Egyptian linen - the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles a pilot study /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031219.155140/index.html.
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Pervez, Wajiha. "DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY - A CIRCULAR APPROACH." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4773.
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As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to better care for the environment, innovative business models are helping to counter the damage of the fast fashion system - a phenomenon in the fashion industry whereby production processes are expedited in order to get new trends to the market as quickly and cheaply as possible.
Designing products with a focus on their renewability can shift the product-consumer relationship. The closed loop concept of a “circular economy” is emerging as a viable and promising solution to the current linear business model.
This study explores the possibilities of a more mindful approach to systems of production and consumption through material explorations using plastic from water bottles, paper from old newspaper and magazines, and fabric leftovers from pattern making within a circular economy. It considers the generative and renewable approaches in redefining how fashion engages with the components and raw materials of the industry.
The research demonstrates a circular approach to the production of hospitality accessories in an effort to develop new intersections between products, materials, and consumers. The accessories are designed using discarded, reformulated denim–an abundant and underutilized byproduct of the fashion industry–to reduce waste that currently occurs every time hotel chains and airlines produce disposable giveaway products from new materials.
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Huang, Chao-Chiung. "Studies relating to the conservation of Miao textiles." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263948.
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Laforge, Valérie. "La conservation des artefacts textiles : essai d'ethnologie appliquée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29216.
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Macdonald, Averil Mary. "Raman spectroscopy and the conservation of historic painted textiles." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431200.
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Ferreira, Manon de Salles. "A roupa depois da cena." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27156/tde-12012016-102324/.
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A partir da estreita relação entre a roupa social e o figurino, dentro e fora do espetáculo, esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os percursos que faz a roupa após a \"cena\", isto é, a partir do momento em que são guardadas como documentos de pesquisa e não mais usadas como objeto de consumo e descarte. São discutidas questões relacionadas aos acervos têxteis e os processos necessários para a sua conservação e esse será o objeto de estudo: as iniciativas existentes fora dos espaços museológicos que vem sendo realizadas por grupos de teatro, universidades, colecionadores, instituições culturais e estilistas. Será debatido o exemplo do Centre National du Costume de Scène, na França, a coleção de figurinos do cantor/performer Ney Matogrosso numa instituição de ensino, e o desenvolvimento, como estudo de caso, do projeto de conservação e exposição da coleção de marionetes do estilista/figurinista Fause Haten.<br>From the close relationship between social clothes and costumes, in and out of the show, this thesis aims to investigate the pathways that make the clothes after the \"scene\" that is, from the moment they are saved as documents research and no longer used as an object of consumption and disposal. Issues are discussed related to textiles collections and the processes needed for its conservation and that will be the object of study: existing initiatives outside the museum spaces that have been performed by theater groups, universities, collectors, cultural institutions and designers. It will be discussed the example of the Centre National du Costume de Scène in France the collection of costumes the singer / performer Ney Matogrosso an educational institution, and the development, as a case study, the conservation project and exhibition designer collection of puppets / costume Fause Haten
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Mohammed, Awaizulla Shareef. "Investigation of Immersion Cooled ARM-Based Computer Clusters for Low-Cost, High-Performance Computing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011866/.
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This study aimed to investigate performance of ARM-based computer clusters using two-phase immersion cooling approach, and demonstrate its potential benefits over the air-based natural and forced convection approaches. ARM-based clusters were created using Raspberry Pi model 2 and 3, a commodity-level, single-board computer. Immersion cooling mode utilized two types of dielectric liquids, HFE-7000 and HFE-7100. Experiments involved running benchmarking tests Sysbench high performance linpack (HPL), and the combination of both in order to quantify the key parameters of device junction temperature, frequency, execution time, computing performance, and energy consumption. Results indicated that the device core temperature has direct effects on the computing performance and energy consumption. In the reference, natural convection cooling mode, as the temperature raised, the cluster started to decease its operating frequency to save the internal cores from damage. This resulted in decline of computing performance and increase of execution time, further leading to increase of energy consumption. In more extreme cases, performance of the cluster dropped by 4X, while the energy consumption increased by 220%. This study therefore demonstrated that two-phase immersion cooling method with its near-isothermal, high heat transfer capability would enable fast, energy efficient, and reliable operation, particularly benefiting high performance computing applications where conventional air-based cooling methods would fail.
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Oriola, Folch Marta. "Non-destructive condition assessment of painting canvases using NIR spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663091.
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El soporte de tela de los cuadros se compone mayoritariamente de celulosa. Una de las vias de degradación de la celulosa es la hidrólisis ácida, que implica que en un ambiente ácido (bajo pH), la degradación se produce a una velocidad mayor. La principal consecuencia de esta acidez es la ruptura de las cadenas del polímero de celulosa que se mide a través del grado de polimerización (DP). Una disminución del DP implica que las fibras y los tejidos tienen una resistencia mecánica menor, y consecuentemente este parámetro se puede utilizar para monitorizar el estado de conservación de estos materiales. Así pues, el conocimiento de estos dos parámetros, pH y DP puede ser muy útil para la mejor conservación del soporte textil de los cuadros.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido determinar si el espectrómetro de infrarrojo cercano (NIR) Labspec 5000, se podría calibrar para que, de manera totalmente no destructiva, pudiera determinar el estado de conservación del soporte de tela de los cuadros a través de medir el pH y el DP. Esto efectivamente se consiguió utilizando la herramienta de quimiometría PLS (Partial Least Squares). Se obtuvieron errores de predicción de ±0.43 para el pH y de ±275 para el DP. La calibración para la identificación del tipo de fibra también se pudo hacer utilizando el Discriminant Analysis, otra herramienta de la quimiometría.
Para poder construir el método NIR no destructivo, primero había que analizar de manera destructiva un número significativo de muestras que fueron tomadas de cuadros mayoritariamente de los siglos XIX y XX.
El segundo objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido conocer cuáles son los valores típicos de pH y DP y el tipo de fibra de los cuadros. Por lo que a esto se refiere, los resultados han sido que la tela de los cuadros tiene, la mayoría de las veces, un carácter ácido (la media de los resultados de todos los cuadros fue de pH 5.51, con una desviación estándar de 0.66). El estudio del pH ha permitido constatar que la tela de los reentelados realizados con pasta de harina, en general, es claramente más ácida que la tela de los cuadros no reentelados. En relación al tipo de fibra, se ha detectado que las telas de yute són más ácidas que las de lino y algodón. No se ha encontrado una relación directa entre la fecha de los cuadros y su valor de pH, y sólo una ligera relación entre la fecha y el DP. Se detectó que pH y DP están fuertemente correlacionados, aunque no de manera directa, cosa que implica que hay otros factores como el tipo de fibra, la fecha del cuadro u otros, que influyen en la correlación entre estos dos parámetros.
El tercer objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido establecer el significado de los varios valores de DP por lo que se refiere al estado de conservación de la pintura sobre tela. Esta información junto con el valor de pH, sirvió para diseñar una ¿Clasificación según el estado de conservación¿, cosa que habría de permitir establecer una organización de los cuadros según las acciones de conservación-restauración a emprender. Se realizó un test con la participación de un grupo de conservadores-restauradores especializados en pintura sobre tela y procedentes de distintos países que permitió ver que la apreciación subjetiva del conservador-restaurador sobre el estado de conservación de las muestras de tela, en general se corresponde con el grado de polimeración de éstas. A través de los resultados de este estudio se pudo establecer que el valor de ¿DP crítico¿ para un cuadro está en <400 y el valor de ¿DP seguro¿ está en >1400. La ¿Clasificación según el estado de conservación¿ se diseñó teniendo en cuenta toda esta nueva información y por eso se priorizó el tratamiento de aquellos cuadros con una tela más ácida pero con valores de DP todavía no muy bajos, puesto que los resultados indicaban que estos cuadros serían los que más se beneficiarían de algún tipo de tratamiento de desacidificación (activo o pasivo).
El último objetivo de la tesis ha consistido en aplicar la técnica NIR no destructiva desarrollada, así como la ¿Clasificación según el estado de conservación¿ sobre un caso real de pinturas pertenecientes al Museu Nacional d¿Art de Catalunya (MNAC), fechadas alrededor del año 1900. También se ha estudiado un grupo menor de cuadros de Salvador Dalí de la Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí. Los resultados han corroborado por un lado la buena aplicabilidad del método no destructivo dessarrollado y, por otro, la acidez (y la presencia de cierta degradación) de la tela de todos los cuadros.
Habiendo confirmado, tanto que la tela de los cuadros es mayoritariamente ácida como la influencia que ésta tiene en la velocidad de su degradación, se considera que es de vital importancia empezar a tomar medidas para contrarrestar la acidez de las telas; especialmente si la intención es no aplicar operaciones tan intrusivas como el reentelado en los cuadros durante el máximo tiempo posible. Juntamente con esto, se detecta que es necesaria mucha más investigación sobre los efectos positivos y negativos de la desacidificación de la tela de los cuadros, así como también el estudio de los orígenes concretos de esta acidez (materiales originales, materiales de restauración, entorno de las obras, etc.).
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Margariti, Christina. "Exploring the application of instrumental analysis for the conservation of textiles excavated in Greece." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162133/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is one outcome of research aimed to raise the awareness of textiles excavated in Greece. The inherently sensitive nature of excavated textiles accounts for the rarity and poor condition of the finds, making them more often than not unidentifiable for the archaeologists, a conservation challenge and a puzzle for textile historians/curators. Conservators are often the intermediary between the objects they care for and the people for whom these objects are preserved. Analytical methods of investigation provide a means of increasing understanding of excavated textiles, and in this way enhance their conservation. Hence, it was decided to experiment with certain nondestructive, instrumental analytical methods of investigation, namely stereo, optical and electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS), FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy, and XRF spectroscopy, with the aim of material characterisation and identification. A survey through the Archives of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture revealed 65 different cases where textiles had been preserved in burial contexts. Four different environments favorable for the preservation of textiles in Greece were identified and four finds representative of these conditions were selected and subjected to instrumental analysis. The finds are the main case study, ‘Argos’ (found in association with copper), and ‘Theva’ (found in a charred state), ‘Kalyvia’ (found impregnated with calcium salts) and ‘Nikaia’ (found in association with copper and in anoxic conditions). The quality of the results varied according to the type of preservation and the condition of the finds. The combination of stereomicroscopy, ESEM-EDS, XRF and FTIR gave the most reliable results. The outcomes of the experimentation formed the basis for the development of guidelines, designed to help archaeologists, conservators and textile historians/curators to understand and thereby conserve excavated textiles in Greece.
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Anderson, Jae R. "Coping with Arsenic-Based Pesticides on Diné (Navajo) Textiles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333471.
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Arsenic-based pesticide residues have been detected on Arizona State Museum’s (ASM) Diné (Navajo) textile collection using a handheld portable X-ray (pXRF) spectrometer. The removal of this toxic pesticide from historic textiles in museums and collections is necessary to reduce potential health risks to Native American communities, museum professionals, and visitors to these cultural institutions. A leader in engineering innovative pesticide removal methods, ASM received federal funding support to continue essential research in removing heavy metal pesticides from cultural property. The research objective was divided into three interconnected stages: (1) calibrate the pXRF instrument for arsenic contaminated cotton and wool textiles; (2) engineer a textile conservation aqueous washing treatment to remove arsenic from wool textiles; (3) demonstrate the aqueous washing treatment method on actual Navajo textiles known to have arsenic-based pesticide residues. The calibration process consisted of a dipping method to produce known homogenous arsenic cotton and wool test samples saturated with solutions of 100, 500, 1000, 2500, and 5000 parts per million (ppm). A linear correlation between observed pXRF test readings and formulated arsenic solutions corroborated the instruments range of detection for arsenic on specific textile materials. The calibration confirms that the pXRF is suitable instrument to measure the removal of arsenic from wool textiles. Wool test samples treated with solutions of an arsenic concentration of 1000ppm were used to develop an optimal aqueous washing treatment exploring the effects of time, temperature, agitation, and pH conditions to efficiently remove arsenic while minimizing damage to the structure and properties of the textile. Each conditional effect removed a certain percentage of arsenic, although the most efficient aqueous washing treatment consisted of submerging a wool textile in deionized water at room temperature for ten minutes with the greatest level of agitation within reason to minimize damage the textile. The final stage of the research applied the aqueous washing guidelines formulated from experimental research on three historic ASM Navajo textiles. Two textiles contained low arsenic concentrations (<100ppm), and one tested with a high arsenic concentration (~1000ppm). The aqueous washing treatment resulted in minimal change for low arsenic concentration textiles, and a 96% removal of arsenic on a high arsenic concentration textile. The preliminary success of removing arsenic-based pesticide residues from historic Navajo textiles greatly impacts the future management of historic textile collections, and also raises questions to further refine the research methodology or pursue alternative related research such as engineering a closed circulating arsenic removal system to limit the quantity of toxic water.
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Pedragosa, Garcia Núria. "La conservació del revers. Criteris de restauració del suport de tela de la pintura catalana moderna com a testimoni històric i artístic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672482.
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Cada quadre conté diferents tipus d'informació. El missatge estètic és el que acostuma a centrar l'atenció dels analistes, però no és l'únic. Existeix tot un altre cúmul de dades que poden donar-nos coneixement. El suport de l'obra pictòrica n'és un, i el revers és la superfície d'aquesta matèria. Les diverses capes de preparació que fan de coixí a la pintura, les diferents tipologies de bastidor i de tela de suport, les inscripcions de l'artista al dors, el marc o els segells distintius que ha anat reunint l'obra d'art, constitueixen una font de coneixement essencial, una autèntica cara oculta de la pintura. Però de la mateixa manera que no hi ha cap revers idèntic, hi ha un fenomen d'envelliment col·lectiu que els iguala. També existeix una xarxa interna que relaciona les obres entre si quan es troben agrupades en una mateixa col·lecció i el temps hi va deixant la seva empremta.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és justament indagar sobre els indicis històrics, teòrics i físics d'aquestes traces en els reversos dels quadres, defensant la necessitat de preservar-les i també mostrar les tècniques que poden fer possible la seva conservació. La investigació d'aquesta tesi se centra en pintura catalana sobre tela cronològicament situada entre els inicis del segle XIX i la dècada dels anys trenta del segle XX a través de la col·lecció permanentment exposada del Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya. És especialment important resseguir la repercussió que té, des del punt de vista dels materials, l'evolució industrial catalana amb els consegüents efectes comercials. De la utilització del lli o el cànem es passa a la incorporació del cotó com a element innovador per l'abaratiment que comportava. Apareixerà una estandardització dels formats que trencara amb la tradició artesana dels pintors que havien emprat uns suports més rígids, tendint cap a materials més lleugers. Aquests i altres elements característics de la morfologia dels suports de les pintures mereixeran l'atenció de la primera part de la tesi.
En el segon capítol procedirem a l'anàlisi detallada dels reversos d'obres concretes i de pintors representatius de l'època estudiada, a partir de la selecció establerta pel projecte museogràfic del MNAC. La informació bibliogràfica específica sobre reversos de pintures sobre tela i els materials artístics a Catalunya, així com sobre els procediments pictòrics, és relativament escassa, cosa que obliga a recollir la majoria de dades de primera ma directament del material analitzat. El treball de camp esdevé així una fase necessària, que sorprèn i satisfà pel que té d'inexplorat i per la voluntat que aquesta recerca documental esdevingui un marc de coneixement per a futures investigacions.
La progressiva consciència dels conservadors-restauradors per trobar solucions idònies a la degradació de les obres, està creant un interessant camp d'investigació practica en el qual professionals de passos diversos experimenten noves tècniques que puguin harmonitzar una continuïtat física dels materials de suport tèxtils. És per això que aquesta part dedicada als criteris d'intervenció desenvolupara mètodes actuals com la sutura de fils amb adhesius termofusibles i la documentació sistemàtica dels reversos que enceten una via imprescindible per a resguardar íntegrament el patrimoni artístic sobre tela.
L'última part d'aquesta tesi consisteix en el Catàleg de reversos de la col·lecció permanent d'art modern del MNAC. És un inventari visual i indexat dels objectius i l'abast d'aquesta tesi i resulta, en si mateix, una obra inèdita. Juntament amb la Galeria de reversos - que selecciona i mostra en detall els reversos més significatius, i més bells, de la col·lecció - fa visualitzar tot allò que, en ser documentat, proposa la necessitat ineludible de conservar-ho.
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Brevnova, Elena V. "Green-Ampt infiltration model parameter determination using SCS curve number (CN) and soil texture class, and application to the SCS runoff model." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2039.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 149 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-63).
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Paula, Teresa Cristina Toledo de. "Inventando Moda e Costurando História: Pensando a Conservação de Têxteis no Museu Paulista - USP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27143/tde-08082001-105338/.
Full textAbstract:
Este ensaio apresenta as principais idéias e metodologia que têm orientado os trabalhos de Conservação de Têxteis Históricos no Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo. Através dessa discussão específica, todavia, é repensado o papel da conservação/restauração de bens culturais frente à sensibilidade, atitude e ideário deste fim de milênio.<br>This paper presents the main ideas and method which have been guiding the textile conservation works at Museu Paulista, Universidade de São Paulo. Through this specific discussion, however, the author reconstructs the role of conservation/restoration of cultural heritage related with the sensibility, atittude and ideas brought by the end of the millennium.
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Wilson, Helen Louise. "Investigation into non-aqueous remedial conservation treatments for iron-tannate dyed organic materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-into-nonaqueous-remedial-conservation-treatments-for-irontannate-dyed-organic-materials(e708b2e6-8932-472e-973e-2ad5cb1bf855).html.
Full textAbstract:
Iron-tannate dyes have been used for thousands of years and on many continents to colour materials that are now part of our cultural heritage shades of black, grey, or brown. Cellulosic and proteinaceous yarns and woven textiles have been dyed with iron-tannate dyes to form objects or components of objects for domestic and ceremonial use. Unfortunately, the longevity and useful lifetime of iron-tannate dyed objects is threatened by the dye itself which accelerates the degradation of organic materials through metal-catalysed oxidation and acid-catalysed hydrolysis. The accelerated degradation causes weakening, discolouration, and embrittlement of the organic materials at a faster rate than undyed equivalents and if left unimpeded, weakens the objects to the point that they are no longer able to be exhibited without damage. In some cases the degradation is so great that the dyed areas of the objects have crumbled to dust. At present there is no suitable chemical stabilisation method available with which to inhibit this degradation. An aqueous treatment is available for successfully stabilising paper containing iron gall ink; iron gall ink is chemically similar to iron-tannate dye. However, the aqueous nature of this treatment makes it unsuitable for weakened fibres, water soluble components, and water sensitive materials which may be part of a composite material containing iron-tannate dye. Non-aqueous treatments are therefore urgently needed in order to preserve our iron-tannate dyed cultural heritage for future generations.In this project a range of non-aqueous antioxidants and a non-aqueous deacidifier (described in Chapter 8) were tested alongside existing aqueous treatment in order to establish their ability to slow down the degradation of a range of model iron-tannate dyed textiles (Chapters 9 and 10). Model textiles were developed as part of the project (Chapters 3-5) to be substitutes for historic materials in these stabilisation studies. Validation of the model textiles for this purpose (Chapter 6) involved the comparison of the model textiles with selected historic iron-tannate dyed objects within the British Museum’s collection (Chapter 6). The historic objects and the properties of the model textiles before and after accelerated ageing (Chapters 5 and 6) and before and after treatment application (Chapters 9 and 10) have been characterised using a variety of analytical techniques (Chapter 2). In order to determine which accelerated ageing conditions were the most suitable for this project various combinations of elevated temperature and either cycling or stable relative humidity were tested for their ability to produce noticeable changes in the properties of the dyed model textiles within four weeks of ageing (Chapter 7). This project is an AHRC/EPSRC funded Science and Heritage Programme PhD in which the British Museum has been a collaborative institution. Among other wider dissemination methods, research from this project has been presented to the public on numerous occasions at gallery tours and Science Day events at the British Museum.
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García, Moreno Rodríguez Renata. "Les sépultures royales de Calakmul, Mexique : technologie, iconographie et symbolisme : l'apport de la conservation et l'étude physico-chimique du mobilier en support périssable." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010570.
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La réalisation des récentes fouilles archéologiques des sépultures royales mayas de Calakmul (Campeche, Mexique) a permis l'identification de divers matériaux organiques, exceptionnellement conservés dans le climat tropical. Ces vestiges permettent de découvrir de nouveaux éléments sur le mobilier funéraire et les rituels d'inhumation de l'élite maya à l'intérieur des structures monumentales du site à la période Classique (250-900 apr. J. -c. ). Le travail de terrain conjoint des archéologues, des anthropologues et des restaurateurs, et la poursuite des analyses physico-chimiques en laboratoire, ont permis d'identifier les matières premières et les techniques de fabrication des éléments de parure méconnus, tels que masques, coiffes, et vestiges de linceuls. L'étude comparative du mobilier des différentes sépultures a permis de distinguer une continuité, sur plusieurs siècles, des traditions artistiques et des pratiques funéraires complexes.
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Chadefaux, Céline. "Etablissement d'une nouvelle stratégie analytique multiéchelle de détermination de l'état de conservation des os et bois de cervidés archéologiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066144.
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En archéologie, la mise au jour et la préservation des matériaux osseux archéologiques constitue un enjeu important car ils renferment entre autres dans leur structure et leur composition chimique des informations sur les modes de vie passés (climat, environnement, régimes alimentaires, migrations). Il apparaît donc primordial d’une part de déterminer les milieux les plus propices à la préservation des ossements et d’autre part d’établir des protocoles permettant de les préserver à long terme. Dans cette optique, une méthodologie analytique tenant compte de la structure hiérarchique de ces biomatériaux nanocomposites et combinant des techniques d’analyses de laboratoire (microscopie IR, MEB, MET) avec des techniques synchrotron (microscopie IR, microtomographie X, SAXS) a été mise en place. Une étape clef de cette méthodologie est la préparation des échantillons sous forme de coupes fines. Une caractérisation de l’état de conservation de l’agencement des phases minérale et organique a ainsi été rendue possible de l’échelle macroscopique à l’échelle nanométrique. Des matériaux osseux archéologiques (os et bois de cervidés) de différentes périodes (du Paléolithique à aujourd’hui) et issus de différents milieux ont ainsi été caractérisés. En outre, des mesures ont été réalisées sur des bois de cervidés archéologiques ayant été consolidés afin d’évaluer dans quelle mesure ces traitements sont efficaces et modifient la structure de ces vestiges.
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Jurot, Romain. "L'ordinaire liturgique du diocèse de Besançon : Besançon, Bibl. Mun., MS 101 : texte et sources /." Fribourg : Éd. universitaires, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40203211r.
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Bhattacharyya, Ranjan. "Using palm-mat geotextiles for soil conservation on arable loamy sands in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88536.
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To date, most studies on the effectiveness of geotextiles on soil erosion rates were conducted in laboratory experiments for <1 h. Hence, at Hilton, East Shropshire, UK, this study investigated the effectiveness of palm-mat geotextiles (Borassus and Buriti mats) in reducing rainsplash erosion, runoff and soil loss and changing selected soil properties under field conditions over two years (January 2007-January 2009). Mat-cover effects on rainsplash erosion were studied in two sets on a loamy sand soil (0o slope). In both sets, six randomly-selected plots (each 1 m2) were completely matcovered and six were bare. Unlike Buriti mats, Borassus mat-cover on bare soil significantly (P<0.001) decreased rainsplash erosion (by ~89%). Duplicate runoff plots (10 x 1 m on a 15o slope) had five treatments (bare, permanent grass, Borassus completely-cover, Borassus buffer strip and Buriti buffer strip). Using Borassus buffer strips (area coverage ~10%) on bare soil decreased runoff by ~71% (P>0.05) and soil erosion by ~92% (P<0.001). Borassus buffer strip, Buriti buffer strip and Borassus completely-covered plots had similar effects in decreasing runoff and soil loss. However, the longevity of Borassus mats was ~twice that of Buriti mats. Despite physical protection, runoff control and sediment entrapment, biomat buffer zones may considerably alter and protect flow direction by presenting barriers and creating several cross-drains. Except Borassus completely-covered plots, all plots had significant (P<0.05) increases in topsoil (0-5 cm) bulk density and decreased aggregate stability. However, buffer strips were more effective in trapping fine particles than Borassus completely-covered plots. No treatments had significant (P>0.05) effects on changes in pH, soil organic matter, total soil carbon or N. Plots with Borassus mats significantly (P<0.05) increased total P and decreased total Ca. Treatments had no significant effects on changes in total S, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo or Cl concentrations. Borassus buffer strips can effectively conserve soil and water and improve and maintain selected soil properties, with results similar to Borassus completely-covered plots. The mechanisms explaining the effectiveness of buffer zones require further studies under varied pedo-climatic conditions.
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Harfouch, Muhssen. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des phénomènes de diffusion et de modification de texture des fromages de type Feta conservés en saumure." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL090N.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est divisé en deux parties. Dans la première, le comportement du Feta pendant sa conservation en saumure, ainsi que le rôle joué par le chlorure de sodium sur ses propriétés physico-chimiques ont été suivis. Le transfert de matière pendant la conservation en saumure a également été étudié. Un modèle mathématique permettant de calculer le temps de saumurage nécessaire pour obtenir le taux de sel recherche a été établi, ce qui rend possible la normalisation de la technologie de fabrication de ce type de fromage. En particulier, il peut permettre de prédire des temps de saumurage pour des fromages de formes et dimensions diverses et pourrait être aisément généralisé à l'ensemble des fromages subissant un saumurage, même de courte durée. La seconde partie traite des propriétés texturales du fromage en fonction de sa composition chimique. Compte tenu du séjour prolongé en présence de chlorure de sodium, l'évolution de la texture du fromage pendant l'affinage en saumure ainsi que l'influence de la diffusion du sel et de l'eau sur cette texture, ont été examinées en employant une méthode de pénétration. Une relation entre l'évolution de la fracturabilité du fromage et celle des concentrations en chlorure de sodium a été mise en évidence. De même, une liaison entre transfert de matière et évolution texturale a été évoquée. En outre, des hypothèses sur les relations entre structure et texture des fromages ont été formulées. Par ailleurs, ce travail fait l'objet d'un vaste bilan bibliographique concernant le salage des aliments et des fromages en particulier
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King, Taylor Z. "A Spectacle and Nothing Strange." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5905.
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Working through methods of abstraction and comedic mimicry I choreograph awkwardly balanced sculpture with objects of adornment as a means to defuse personal sensitivities surrounding my experiences of gender, desire, and home. The research that follows is concerned with the adjacent, the in between, above and underneath, because I feel that this kind of looking means that you are, to some degree, aware of what lies at the edges. Maybe this is what Gertrude Stein means to act as though there is no use in a center—because this concerns a way of relating, though there are many things in the room.
‘A spectacle and nothing strange’ is an arrangement of gestures, of made difference, of kinships, of orientations and possible futures, sustained tension, coded adornment, big dyke energy, shifts in hardness, leaning softness, much more than flowers, ...and in any case there is sweetness and some of that.
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Lang, Marc. "Caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale de milieux naturels à partir d’imagerie optique très haute résolution spatiale : cas d’application aux milieux méditerranéens de garrigue." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0003/document.
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La préservation de la biodiversité est un enjeu prioritaire, identifié aussi bien au niveau national qu’au niveau européen et international. L’hétérogénéité spatiale des milieux naturels est l’une des composantes clefs pour l’étude de la biodiversité et permet de comprendre le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Le bassin Méditerranéen est un hotspot de biodiversité pour lequel le lien entre biodiversité et hétérogénéité spatiale des paysages s’illustre particulièrement bien. Les milieux méditerranéens s'organisent en mosaïques hétérogènes de quatre strates verticales: le sol nu, l’herbe, les ligneux bas et les ligneux hauts. La biodiversité de ces milieux est aujourd'hui menacée par une fermeture de milieux naturels qui entraîne la disparition de certains habitats et l’homogénéisation des paysages, homogénéisation qui entraîne elle-même une augmentation des risques d’incendies.Cette thèse se propose de développer des indices caractérisant l’hétérogénéité spatiale des milieux naturels dans un contexte méditerranéen à partir d’images de télédétection à très haute résolution. Parmi les différentes méthodes permettant de caractériser l'hétérogénéité, la méthode FOTO (FOurier Based Textural Ordination) est particulièrement intéressante car elle produit de façon non supervisée un nombre limité de gradients de texture non corrélés, à partir desquels il est possible de décrire les variations continues de l’hétérogénéité spatiale, et ce, à plusieurs échelles spatiales. Ainsi le premier objectif de cette thèse est de tester le potentiel des gradients de texture issus de la méthode FOTO pour la caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale relative aux quatre strates verticales caractéristiques des milieux méditerranéens. Le deuxième objectif est de tester la sensibilité de l’approche développée à des facteurs techniques et environnementaux, afin de s’assurer de sa réplicabilité pour favoriser son utilisation dans un contexte opérationnel de suivi des milieux méditerranéens. Enfin, le dernier objectif est de valider la pertinence écologique des indices d’hétérogénéité développés à travers un cas d’application~: la caractérisation de la répartition spatiale d’espèces d’oiseaux sensibles à l’hétérogénéité de la végétation.Combinés avec un indice de végétation, le NDVI, les indices de texture issus de la méthode FOTO ont pu être interprétés en termes d'hétérogénéité spatiale et ont permis de caractériser la composition et l'organisation des quatre strates verticales étudiées. Ces indices sont influencés par la présence de surfaces anthropisées comme les cultures ainsi que par la nature de l'information radiométrique des images de télédétection utilisées, qui impacte le contraste apparent des strates de végétation. Ainsi, l'application de la méthode sur une bande panchromatique est plus sensible aux motifs liés à l'alternance de sol nu et d'herbe tandis que l'application de la méthode sur le NDVI est plus sensible aux motifs lié à l'alternance des ligneux avec la strate herbacée. Enfin, nous avons montré l’intérêt de l’approche développée pour la prédiction de plusieurs espèces d’oiseaux à fort enjeux de conservation. Les indices d’hétérogénéité ont permis de mettre en évidence des structures de la végétation particulièrement favorables à certaines espèces d’oiseaux.L'approche développée dans cette thèse est particulièrement intéressante car elle permet la production non supervisée de trois indices complémentaires caractérisant plusieurs composantes de l'hétérogénéité spatiale relatives à quatre strates. Des efforts sont encore nécessaires pour améliorer i) notre compréhension de la contribution de facteurs environnementaux et instrumentaux sur la stabilité de l'approche et ii) son automatisation en vue d'une application dans un contexte opérationnel pour la cartographie et le suivi de l'état de conservation des habitats naturels et de l'avifaune<br>The preservation of biodiversity is a priority issue, both at national, European and international levels. In order to provide a better understanding of ecosystem functioning, spatial heterogeneity of natural environments is becoming one of the key components for the study of biodiversity. The Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity for which the synergies between biodiversity and spatial heterogeneity of landscapes are particularly important. Mediterranean environments are organized into heterogeneous mosaics of four vertical strata~: bare soil, herbs, low ligneous and high ligneous. The biodiversity of these unique hotspots is now threatened by a closure of the landscape that leads to the habitat loss and landscape homogenization. The loss of heterogeneity is also leading to an increase in fire risks.This thesis aims to develop indices characterizing the spatial heterogeneity of natural landscapes in a Mediterranean context using very high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Among the various methods dedicated to the characterization of heterogeneity, the FOTO (FOurier Based Textural Ordination) method is particularly relevant because it produces uncorrelated texture gradients in an unsupervised manner, allowing continuous variations in spatial heterogeneity to be characterized at different spatial scales. Thus, the first objective of this thesis is to test the potential of texture indices derived from the FOTO method for the characterization of spatial heterogeneity relative to four vertical strata. The second objective is to test the sensitivity of our approach to technical and environmental factors, in order to ensure its replicability, and promote its use in an operational context of monitoring Mediterranean environments. Finally, based on a case study centered on the spatial distribution of bird species sensitive to vegetation heterogeneity, the last objective is oriented towards the validation of the ecological relevance of the heterogeneity indices.Combined with a vegetation index, NDVI, the texture indices derived from the FOTO method could be interpreted in terms of spatial heterogeneity and make it possible to characterize the composition and organization of the four vertical strata studied. These indices are influenced bymultiple factors, including the anthropization of landscapes showing patterns translated into surfaces such as crops, and the nature of the radiometric information of the remote sensing images processed. This pattern information impacts the apparent contrast of vegetation strata. Thus, the application of the method on a panchromatic band is more sensitive to patterns related to the alternation of bare soil and herbs while the application of the method on NDVI is more sensitive to patterns related to the alternation of ligneous strata with the herbaceous stratum. Finally, we have shown the interest of the approach developed for the prediction of several bird species with high conservation stakes. Heterogeneity indices have made it possible to highlight vegetation structures that are particularly favourable to certain bird species.The approach developed in this thesis is particularly stimulating because it allows the unsupervised production of three complementary indices characterizing several components of spatial heterogeneity related to four strata. Further efforts are needed to improve i) our understanding of the contribution of environmental and instrumental factors to the stability of the approach and ii) its automation for application in an operational context for mapping and monitoring the conservation status of natural habitats and birdlife
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Lucat, Antoine. "Acquisition opto-numérique de vêtements asiatiques anciens." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0012.
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La numérisation est un enjeu majeur dans le domaine du patrimoine, permettant d’une part la sauvegarde à long terme des pièces de collections, et d’autre part de les valoriser sous un jour nouveau. En collaboration avec le Musée d’Ethnographie de Bordeaux (MEB), ce travail de thèse se fixe pour objectif de proposer une solution novatrice en terme de numérisation en proposant une réponse à la problématique suivante : comment restituer fidèlement l’apparence d’une pièce de collection, tel que la version numérique soit, à l’oeil, indiscernable du véritable objet ? La taille des objets à numériser ainsi que la résolution nécessaire pour obtenir la qualité souhaitée impliquent de fait une quantité astronomique de mesures à effectuer, formant un véritable défi technique et scientifique. Cette thèse se propose de répondre à cette observation par la réalisation d’un prototype d’acquisition innovant basé image, formé d’un dôme couvert de 1080 LED au sein duquel évolue une caméra sur bras robotisé. Ce travail est d’abord appuyé par un faisceau de recherches préliminaires, s’attardant sur les problématiques théoriques et pratiques attenant à une telle mesure. Cela a notamment permis de mettre en évidence à quel point la diffraction joue un rôle important dans la mesure de BRDF, bien au-delà des critères habituels. Dans ce sens, un nouvel algorithme de traitement des données, métrologiquement viable, a pu être proposé. Appuyé par ces acquis, le prototype de numérisation a pu être conçu, réalisé, calibré et finalement exploité avec succès pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine. Ce nouvel instrument, en constante évolution, jette alors la première pierre de nombreux axes de recherches futurs, tant portés sur l’optimisation du processus de mesure que sur l’exploitation des données générées<br>Digitization is a major issue of interest in the field of cultural heritage, allowing on the one hand the long-term safeguard of collector’s pieces, and on the other hand to valorize them under a new revelatory way. In collaboration with the Musée d’Ethnographie de Bordeaux (MEB), this thesis work has the objective of proposing an innovative solution in terms of digitization, by answering the following problem : how to faithfully reproduce the appearance of a collector’s piece, such that the digital version is, to the eye, indistinguishable from the real object ? The size of the objects to be digitized as well as the resolution necessary to obtain the desired quality imply an astronomical quantity of measurements to be carried out, forming a real technical and scientific challenge. This thesis proposes to respond to this observation by producing an innovative imagebased acquisition prototype, formed by a dome covered with 1080 LEDs within which a camera on a robotic arm evolves. This work is first supported by a bundle of preliminary research, focusing on the theoretical and practical issues attached to such a measurement. This notably made it possible to highlight to what extent diffraction plays an important role in BRDF measurements, far beyond the usual criteria. In this sense, a new metrologically viable data processing algorithm has been proposed. Supported by these achievements, the digitization prototype has been designed, produced, calibrated and finally successfully used for the safeguarding of the cultural heritage. This new, constantly evolving instrument then lays the foundation stone for many areas of future research, both focused on optimizing the measurement process and on exploiting the generated data
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Vial, Céline. "Contribution à la mise au point de tranches de kiwi de 4ème gamme : études biochimiques et microbiologiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20012.
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La conservation de tranches de kiwi de 4ème gamme est principalement limitée par une rapide perte de fermeté observée dès les premières minutes suivant la découpe du fruit ainsi que par le développement de microorganismes en surface. Une conservation des tranches a faible température dans des atmosphères enrichies en anhydride carbonique et appauvries en oxygène peut limiter le développement des microorganismes. Ces conditions de conservation sont apparues favorables au maintien de la couleur et de la teneur en acide ascorbique. La production d'éthylène est différée dans le temps ce qui nous a conduit à conclure qu'elle n'était pas le mécanisme a l'origine de la perte de fermeté. L'étude de la protéase endogène, l'actinidine a montré que son activité augmentait après découpe. Il apparait une diminution des protéines de haut poids moléculaire au sein d'un broyat. L'incorporation d'inhibiteurs de l'activité protéolytique au sein du broyat permet de limiter sa perte de viscosité. Il semblerait donc que l'actinidine joue un rôle non négligeable dans les mécanismes responsables de la perte de fermeté des tranches de kiwi. L'étude des substances pectiques nous a permis de mettre en évidence que la perte de fermeté ne résultait pas de la solubilisation de la lamelle moyenne. Il semblerait que les protéines pariétales sont hydrolysées lors de la conservation des tranches de kiwi.
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Harkouss, Rami. "Effet du salage et du séchage sur la dynamique d’évolution de la protéolyse, de la structure et de la texture lors de la fabrication d’un jambon sec. Développement d’un modèle de « jambon numérique » couplant transferts d’eau, de sel et protéolyse." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22446/document.
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Du fait de problèmes de santé publique, l’industrie agroalimentaire doit réduire la quantité de sel (chlorure de sodium) dans les aliments, et donc dans les charcuteries. Lors de la fabrication des jambons secs, une diminution du taux de sel pourrait se traduire par des problèmes de texture dus à une protéolyse excessive pouvant nuire à l’étape de tranchage industriel, et aussi par des problèmes de stabilité microbiologique. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de cette thèse sont : (1) d’étudier le lien entre l’évolution de la protéolyse, de la texture et de la structure, tout au long des différentes étapes de fabrication de jambons secs et (2) de développer un modèle de « jambon numérique » afin de prédire spatialement les dynamiques d’évolution des teneurs en eau, en sel et celle de l’activité de l’eau (a w ), et de coupler ces évolutions à celle de la protéolyse. Ce travail combine études expérimentales et modélisation/simulation numérique. Tout d’abord, une méthode de quantification de la protéolyse utilisant la « Fluorescamine » a été développée et validée sur des échantillons de viande de porc et des échantillons extraits de jambons industriels ; un nouvel indice de protéolyse (IP) a été défini. Sur la base d’un plan d’expériences, l’évolution de la protéolyse au sein d’échantillons différemment salés et séchés et préparés à partir de 5 muscles différents d’un jambon de porc, a été quantifiée. Suite à l’application d’une régression linéaire multiple, des lois phénoménologiques ont été construites permettant de calculer la vitesse de protéolyse, pour un muscle donné, en fonction de la température et des teneurs en eau et en sel. Ensuite, au moyen du logiciel Comsol ® Multiphysics, ces lois ont été combinées avec des modèles de transferts de matière (eau, sel), de chaleur (température), et de calcul de l’a w , constituant ainsi un modèle de « jambon numérique ». Enfin, la dynamique d’évolution de l’IP, de 5 paramètres texturaux (dureté, fragilité, cohésion, élasticité et adhésion) et de 4 paramètres structuraux (nombre des fibres, espaces extracellulaires, taille des fibres et surface de tissu conjonctif) a été mesurée sur des échantillons prélevés dans deux muscles extraits de jambons industriels pris à cinq stades de fabrication différents. L’application d’une régression polynômiale multiple à ces données expérimentales a conduit à l’établissement de corrélations permettent de calculer certains paramètres texturaux et structuraux à partir de l’IP et des teneurs en eau et en sel. A court terme, ces lois seront incorporées dans le modèle numérique afin de constituer un vrai simulateur de procédé. A moyen terme, le modèle de « jambon numérique » devra être amélioré afin de tenir compte (1) de la diminution du volume du jambon, du fait du séchage et (2) de la diminution de la vitesse de protéolyse en fonction du temps, du fait de la réduction de la quantité de protéines hydrolysables dans le jambon. Une fois complété et amélioré, le simulateur de procédé pourra aider les professionnels à tester des scénarios visant à réduire la quantité de sodium dans les jambons secs, sans altérer leur qualité finale<br>Because of public health problems, the food industry must lower sodium content in all food products, therefore in cured meat products. During the dry-cured ham elaboration process, decreasing salt content may induce microbial safety problems and texture defects due to an excessive proteolysis that could affect later the industrial stage of slicing. On account of that, this work of thesis aims at (1) studying the relationship between proteolysis, structure and texture during the various stages of dry-cured ham manufacture, and (2) building a “numerical ham” model to predict spatially the time course of water and salt content, and thus water activity (a w ), and to couple these variations with proteolysis. This work combines experimental studies and numerical modelling and simulation. Firstly, a new and powerful technique for quantifying proteolysis that uses “Fluorescamine” was developed and validated on pork meat samples and samples extracted from industrial dry-cured hams; a new proteolysis index (PI) was defined. Based on an experimental design, the time course of proteolysis was quantified in laboratory-salted and dried pork meat samples prepared from five different types of pork muscle. Applying multiple linear regression enabled us to build phenomenological models relating, for each pork muscle, PI velocity to temperature, and to water and salt content. Using Comsol ® Multiphysics software, these phenomenological models were then combined with heat and mass transfer models and associated with calculation of a w , thus constituting the “numerical ham” model. In addition, the time course of PI, five textural parameters (hardness, fragility, cohesiveness, springiness and adhesiveness), and four structural parameters (fiber number, extracellular spaces, cross section area, and connective tissue area) was quantified on samples extracted from two different muscles of industrial dry-cured hams removed from the process at five different processing times. Multiple polynomial regression was applied to build phenomenological models relating PI, salt and water content to some textural and structural parameters investigated. These last models could be rapidly incorporated in the “numerical ham” model to constitute a real process simulator. In the future, the “numerical ham” model should be improved in order to take into account (1) the strong decrease in ham volume due to drying and also (2) the decrease in proteolysis velocity with time as a result of the reduction in the amount of protein that can be hydrolysed in the ham. Once completed and improved, the process simulator will be available to professionals to test scenarios allowing sodium content to be reduced in dry-cured hams without altering their final quality
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Villarreal, Nicole. "The "Curtain Dress" : construction, conservation, and analytical research." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6336.
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This thesis examines the condition of the “Curtain Dress” of Gone With the Wind (GWTW) with the purpose of advising a conservation plan that would allow its exhibit in 2014 as part of the 75th anniversary of the film. The dress has been stored since 1981 in the Harry Ransom Center (HRC) at the University of Texas at Austin as part of the David O. Selznick (DOS) Collection. The project addresses the book, the film, the creation of the dress, and what happened to it after filming was over. A collaborative team was formed including HRC staff, a conservator, and graduate students from the Textiles and Apparel Division at the University of Texas at Austin. The author of this study provided historical context, document analysis, construction evaluation, and fiber testing. A timeline for the book, film, and garment was established; communications from Selznick referencing the dress were analyzed; construction details were photographed and documented for reference; and colorimetry and spectroscopy techniques were used for fiber analysis.<br>text
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Tsai, Hsu-Ching, and 蔡旭清. "Textile Conservation－Case studies of application of radiation in Chiang,Jia-Zon glove puppet clothing embroidery products." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/854j77.
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碩士<br>國立臺北藝術大學<br>建築與文化資產研究所<br>100<br>This paper gives a innovative scientific research and supplementary anthropological field study on the glove puppet clothing embroidery products, which aims at achieving a simpler and more efficient preservation and conservation of a very unique cultural heritage of puppet art.
Since Chiang, Jia-Zon glove puppets were made of extremely exquisite and precious historical textiles, non-destructive analysis methodologies are adopted for material characterization. We have developed an analytical system combined with multiple spectroscopic methods such as visible reflection, fluorescence, XRF, and FT-IR. Using these advanced testing machines, we are able to tell if the embroidery products that were used on the glove puppet clothing are organic or inorganic. These tested pairs include metallic material of embroidery threads, or the fiber; glasses or celluloid; organic colloid or inorganic material resin. In the past, to determine the nature of these material would usually be highly complex and tedious; however, here we will demonstrate a much simpler and efficient application of this analytical system.
In addition to adopting non-destructive analysis methodologies, a supplementary field research has been conducted due to the lacking of related embroidery making process. This field study includes field research.
Through the combination of both non-destructive testing of advanced lab technique and careful, detailed field research, scientific methodologies and anthropological study are brought together to create a more efficient identification of the material and hence better understanding and preservation of an unusually delicate embroidery material of Chiang, Jia-Zon glove puppets.
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O'Connor, Sonia A., and P. Garside. "Assessing the risks of radiographing culturally significant textiles." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3476.
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No<br>X-Radiography is widely used in the investigation of works of art and other culturally significant artefacts to reveal and record details of their construction, modification and state of preservation. Radiography is considered to be a non-destructive technique but its increasing use in the study of historic textiles has prompted the testing of this assumption as X-rays and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as light and micro-waves, cause changes in materials which may be detrimental to their physical stability. An experiment was undertaken to test the safety ofradiography for the imaging of silk fabrics as these are particularly susceptible to photodegradation. The results from a series of radiographic exposures of modern and historic fabrics show that excessive exposure to low energy X-rays produced no detectable changes in their mechanical integrity. This indicates that the customary levels of radiographic exposure used in imaging will not be detrimental to textiles.
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LIN, JYUN-PEI, and 林均霈. "A Study on the In Situ Conservation Principles and Measures of Textile Collections at Bei–Gang Chao–Tian Temple." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t9a94z.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>博物館學研究所碩士班<br>105<br>This study explored the in situ conservation principles and measures for textile collections adopted by the Bei-Gang Chao-Tian Temple (hereafter referred to as the Chao-Tian Temple); investigated the methods employed by the Chao-Tian Temple and surrounding folk art parade performance groups when preserving textile collections (to determine the feasibility of in situ conservation development); and analyzed efforts made and enthusiasm shown by the Chao-Tian Temple and the Traditional Parade Formation (a local folk art parade performance group) when preserving cultural artifacts. In addition, this study adopted the perspectives of museology and cultural artifact preservation to identify new ways to preserve religious objects (as opposed to simply storing them in museums). The author of this study referred to her own experience in artifact preserving at the Chao-Tian Temple as well as field research records obtained to propose a model for in situ artifact conservation. Assessments were made to determine whether this model can strengthen and solidify the history and knowledge transmission of local temples and preserve the local history, local culture, folk arts, and people’s memories of the Bei-Gang region in a complete and comprehensive manner.
The various types of textile collections collected and stored by the Chao-Tian Temple over the years served as the sources of inspiration of this study. The religious functions and meanings given to these textile collections were used to examine the holiness and secularity of temples and religion-related objects, on the basis of which the following suggestion was made: by allowing the Chao-Tian Palace (a place with a wealthy collection of cultural artifacts) and local folk art parade performance groups to share the same ideology in artifact conservation, having the latter learn the artifact preservation methods utilized by the former, planning proper artifact preservation policies, and using artifacts or their cultural significance to link artifacts to local circles and related groups, the value of in situ artifact conservation will be higher than simply preserving them in museums for worship. In addition, by engaging in the aforementioned endeavors, the multidimensional qualities of cultural assets will be strengthened and solidified.
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Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan, University of Western Sydney, and School of Civic Engineering and Environment. "Ancient Egyptian linen : the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles : a pilot study." 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20291.
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An understanding of the physical and chemical nature of archaeological textiles is an important prerequisite for their successful conservation treatment, display and storage. Ancient Egyptian linen textiles were examined through a combination of optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), ion chromatography (IC), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). These analytical techniques were used to distinguish between flax fibres, foreign matter present on and within flax fibres, and natron or other salts absorbed into the linen fibres in a form of partial mineralization. The use of ESEM enabled the observation and recording of the movement of salts, in real time, during cycles of hydration and dehydration. Few studies have been undertaken to date on the dynamics of salt crystallisation within organic archaeological materials, and none previous to this has been published showing the dynamics of salt crystallisation within archaeological textiles. Once the dynamics of salt crystallisation were viewed and recorded it became possible to investigate methods for the treatment of salt affected textiles through washing trials followed by alternative methods of drying. The release of salts from linen samples during washing in deionized water was monitored using IC and ESEM with EDXA, showing the pattern of salt removal and retention. The use of IC, ESEM and EDXA to monitor salt removal in textiles has not previously been reported. A conservation treatment for ancient Egyptian linen was developed, incorporating a long water washing to remove salts, soils and organic deposits, followed immediately by carefully controlled freeze drying. This was effective in preserving the integrity of the ancient linen. By combining archaeological, historical and chemical data, this pilot study of the effects of salts upon and within linen textiles has widened our understanding of the role played by salts in both the deterioration and the preservation of the textiles.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Morena, Jill Kristine. "Costume and “the copy” : defining authenticity in the analogue original, the reproduction, and the digital garment within the museum and archive." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27208.
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A comparative examination of the original and reproduction Gone With the Wind costumes at the Harry Ransom Center is at the heart of this study, which proposes to trace the relationship between the analogue original costume, the replica garment, and the digital image reproduction. A discussion of definitions of authenticity and “the original” within such areas as conservation, film studies, and audience perception explores the questions: what is the role of the reproduction, and can it challenge the authority and “aura” of the original? This inquiry illustrates that authenticity is negotiated; it is not always fixed in a clear line ranging from “the real thing” on one side to “the copy” on the other. The study concludes with examining digital image reproductions of costume. The online digital database record can potentially reveal more than a face-to-face encounter with the object in a gallery space, illuminating the biography and history of the garment, changes in curatorial decisions and exhibition practice, and the experience of tactility and embodiment.<br>text
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Lewarne, Alicia Clare. "Identification and characterization of rayon in women's dresses of the 1920s and 1930s." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/512.
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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.<br>Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 16, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Textiles and Clothing, Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.
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Brooks, Dorcas A. "Situated Architecture in the Digital Age: Adaptation of a Textile Mill in Holyoke, Massachusetts." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/575.
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The City of Holyoke, Massachusetts is one of many aging, industrial cities striving to revitalize its economy based on the promise of increased digital connectivity and clean energy resources. But how do you renovate 19th century mills to meet the demands of the information age? This architectural study explores the potential impact of sensing technologies and information networks on the definition and function of buildings in the 21st century. It explores the changes that have taken place in industrial architecture since 1850 and argues for an architecture that supports local relationships and environmental awareness. The author explores the industrial history of Holyoke, appraises emerging uses of sensing technologies and presents a thorough narrative of her site analysis and conceptual design of a digital fabrication and incubation center within an existing textile mill.
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Liao, Wei-Ya, and 廖尉雅. "A Study of the Suitability of Synthetic Polymer Adhesive used as Lining Material in Painted Textiles Conservation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83251195880144455260.
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碩士<br>國立臺南藝術大學<br>博物館學與古物維護研究所<br>102<br>Painted-textiles are made of clothes and pigments, it is very sensitive to the changes of humidity and light, and also be damaged easily by mould. The painted textile object may consolidated by binding media in lining. In other words, it is important to choose the type of binding media and the way of application.
In this study, non-water-soluble binding media : Polyvinyl butyral（PVB）and BEVA 371 film are chosen, which are usually used for consolidation in textile conservation treatments. Different environment will have different effects on properties of these binding media, therefore, accelerate ageing, including heat and humidity, light exposure and thermal ageing are given. These binding media will applied on the crepeline, to simulate treatment practicing.
Analysis have shown that PVB is relatively stable than BEVA 371. It has less color changes than BEVA 371. In addition, it can also keep the silk out of the moisture but decrease the flexibility of textile. Experiments show that thermal ageing will result in chain breaking and produce aldehyde group in PVB. The weatherability of BEVA 371 is not as well as PVB, it can seep into the supporting layer easily under thermal environment , increasing peel strength of the textile.
According to the results of degradation under various accelerate ageing experiments, it is suggested that before applying lining to the painted textile object, thoroughly examination of the textile and choose the appropriate material should be taken.
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Jihong, Guo. "La transformation du tissu urbain des villes chinoises et la conservation du centre historique : Cas du Vieux-Shanghai." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6547.
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Prajapati, Prajaya. "Biological potential and diffusion limitation of methane oxidation in no-till soils." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4446.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Long term no-till (NT) farming can improve the CH4 oxidation capacity of agricultural lands through creation of a favorable soil environment for methanotrophs and diffusive gas transport. However, limited data is available to evaluate the merit of that contention. Although the potential for biological CH4 oxidation may exist in NT soils, restricted diffusion could limit expression of that potential in fine-textured soils. A study was conducted to assess the CH4 oxidation potential and gaseous diffusivity of soils under plow till (PT) and NT for > 50 years. Intact cores and composite soils samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm) were collected from NT and PT plots located at a well-drained site (Wooster silt loam) and at a poorly-drained (Crosby silt loam) site in Ohio. Adjacent deciduous forest soils were also sampled to determine maximum rate expected in undisturbed soils in the region. Regardless of study sites and soil depth, CH4 oxidation rate (measured at near ambient CH4) and oxidation potential (Vmax, measured at elevated CH4) were 3-4 and 1.5 times higher in NT than in PT soils, respectively. Activity in the NT soils approached (66-80 %) that in the forest soils. Half saturation constants (Km) and threshold for CH4 oxidation (Th) were lower in NT (Km: 100.5 µL CH4 L-1; Th: 0.5 µL CH4 L-1) than in PT soils (Km: 134 µL CH4 L-1; Th: 2.8 µL CH4 L-1) suggesting a greater affinity of long-term NT soils for CH4, and a possible shift in methanotrophic community composition. CH4 oxidation rates were lower in intact soil cores compared to sieved soils, suggesting that CH4 oxidation was limited by diffusion, a factor that could lead to lower field-measured CH4 uptake than suggested by biological oxidation capacity measured in the laboratory. Regardless of soil drainage characteristic, long-term NT resulted in significantly higher (2-3 times) CH4 diffusivity (mean: 2.5 x 10-3 cm2 s-1) than PT (1.5 x 10-3 cm2 s-1), probably due to improved soil aggregation and greater macro-pores volume in NT soils. Overall, these results confirm the positive impact of NT on the restoration of the biological (Vmax, Km and Th) and physical (diffusivity) soil attributes essential for CH4 uptake in croplands. Long-term implementation of NT farming can therefore contribute to the mitigation of CH4 emission from agriculture.