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Gustafson, Alison, Stephanie Jilcott Pitts, Kristen McQuerry, Oyinlola Babtunde, and Janet Mullins. "A Mentor-Led Text-Messaging Intervention Increases Intake of Fruits and Vegetables and Goal Setting for Healthier Dietary Consumption among Rural Adolescents in Kentucky and North Carolina, 2017." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030593.
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Introduction—Text-messaging interventions hold promise for successful weight loss interventions. However, there is limited research on text-messaging interventions to improve dietary intake among rural adolescents, who are at greater risk for obesity and related risk factors. The goal of this study was to test an eight-week, mentor-led text-messaging intervention among 14–16-year-old rural adolescents: the “Go Big and Bring It Home” Project to improve fruit and vegetable and healthy beverage intake. Methods and Materials—Eight rural high schools in eastern Kentucky and eastern North Carolina participated (n = 4 were randomized as intervention schools and n = 4 were randomized as control schools). Adolescents were recruited to participate in the eight-week text-messaging intervention. The text messages were primarily affective messages, and included a weekly challenge related to consuming fruits, vegetables, or healthy/low-calorie beverages. Undergraduate nutrition students sent text messages on Tuesday and Saturday every week over the eight-week period via the “Group Me” mobile application. Delayed controls received no information or text messages during the eight-week intervention. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured with the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener and beverage intake was assessed using the Beverage Questionnaire-10 (BEVQ-10). Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted among all those that completed the baseline and post-intervention survey (n = 277 intervention students and n = 134 delayed control students). All linear regression models were adjusted for race and were clustered on school to control for intraclass correlation. Results—In adjusted analyses, there was a statistically significant positive intervention effect on the primary outcome of fruit and vegetable servings/day with a mean difference between intervention and control participants of 1.28 servings/day (95% Confidence Interval 1.11, 1.48). There was no intervention effect on beverage intake. There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of goal setting for healthier dietary behaviors among intervention participants relative to controls. Conclusion—An eight-week text-messaging intervention led to increases in self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and improvements in goal setting for healthier dietary behaviors. Due to the use of undergraduate students to deliver the messages, and use of an existing web application, this text-messaging intervention can be sustained in underserved, rural environments. Thus there is potential for significant reach and public health impact to improve dietary patterns.
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Mougalian, Sarah S., Cary P. Gross, and E. Kevin Hall. "Text Messaging in Oncology: A Review of the Landscape." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 2 (December 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00162.
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Text messaging via short messaging service (SMS) is a common route of communication in the United States and offers many advantages to improve health care delivery compared with other forms of mHealth. Text messaging is easy to use, is convenient, is more likely to be viewed than e-mail, and can be tailored to an individual recipient’s needs. Despite evidence that patients with cancer desire more mobile-based communication, there are few examples of successful text messaging interventions in the literature. This narrative review examines the current landscape of SMS-based interventions across the continuum of cancer care, including addressing behavioral change, attendance to screening and follow-up appointments, adherence to treatment, and assessment of symptoms and quality of life. Finally, we explore some of the barriers to implementation of a successful text messaging intervention.
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Duan, Suqian, Haoran Wang, Amanda Wilson, Jiexi Qiu, Guanmei Chen, Yuqiong He, Yuanyuan Wang, Jianjun Ou, and Runsen Chen. "Developing a Text Messaging Intervention to Reduce Deliberate Self-Harm in Chinese Adolescents: Qualitative Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): e16963. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16963.
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Background Deliberate self-harm is common during adolescence and can have detrimental consequences for the well-being of adolescents. Although it is sometimes difficult to engage adolescents in traditional psychotherapies for deliberate self-harm, SMS text messaging has been shown to be promising for cost-effective and low-intensity interventions. Objective This study aimed to investigate the views of Chinese adolescents with deliberate self-harm about SMS text messaging interventions in order to develop an acceptable and culturally competent intervention for adolescents with deliberate self-harm. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 adolescents who had experience with deliberate self-harm. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified: beneficial perception of receiving messages, short frequency and duration of messages, caring content in messages, and specific times for sending messages. Most of the participants perceived SMS text messaging interventions to be beneficial. The key factors that emerged for the content of the intervention included encouragement and company, feeling like a virtual friend, providing coping strategies, and individualized messages. In addition, the preferred frequency and duration of the SMS text messaging intervention were identified. Conclusions Our study will help in the development of a culturally appropriate SMS text messaging intervention for adolescents with deliberate self-harm. It has the potential to decrease deliberate self-harm instances by providing acceptable support for adolescents with deliberate self-harm who may be reluctant to seek face-to-face psychotherapies.
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Donovan, G., S. Wilkes, J. Ling, and F. Smith. "Exploration of a community pharmacy delivered mobile health intervention to support medication taking for patients with multiple long-term conditions." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii18—ii19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.020.
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Abstract Introduction Up to half of people with long-term conditions (LTCs) do not take their medicines as prescribed. Mobile health interventions, such as text messaging, have been shown to have positive impact on medication adherence.1 However, interventions for patients with multiple LTCs are lacking, and there are limited examples of their delivery from community pharmacy settings. We have developed a new intervention which combines a pharmacist consultation and automated two-way text messaging to support medicines taking. This has been developed using peer-reviewed literature and focus groups with patients and healthcare professionals (GPs, pharmacists, nurses). The intervention is tailored to the individual using a questionnaire and delivers content for up to eight LTCs. Aim To explore the acceptability of our new intervention with patients. Methods The new intervention was delivered to patients in a simulated environment, including a consultation with a pharmacist and two weeks of text messaging. Diary-interviews were used to gather feedback from eight patients, recruited through a public, patient and carer involvement group based at a university. Patients kept a diary during the period of text messaging and follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Transcripts were coded for aspects of the intervention that the patients liked and ideas on how the intervention could be changed, including the impact of delivering the intervention from community pharmacies. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the University of Sunderland Research Ethics Committee. Results The intervention had good acceptability with patients. Patients were happy to interact with the text messaging content, including providing information about symptoms of their long-term condition and result of home monitoring. Patients liked that the intervention was linked to a pharmacist consultation, where there were opportunities to identify medication issues which text messaging could not solve. Delivering the intervention from a community pharmacy setting was felt to promote stronger engagement with the text messaging component, including the opportunity to build rapport with the pharmacist who would be overseeing the intervention. The mechanism to monitor medication adherence using two-way text messaging was suggested to be made more streamlined, and patients also wanted more examples of text message responses included in the patient information leaflet for the intervention. Discussion/Conclusion We found that our intervention to support medication taking from community pharmacies has initial acceptability with patients. Whilst others have trialled similar technologies from community pharmacies2 our intervention focussed solely on medication taking, and this seemed to result in positive attitudes towards its delivery from community pharmacies. The consultation was found to be an important component alongside the text messaging, how combining digital and non-digital components work together to support medication adherence was a gap highlighted in our previous review of similar interventions.3 Our intervention now requires changes based on the feedback gathered in this study and further testing in a larger and more diverse group. References 1. Thakkar J, Kurup R, Laba T-L, Santo K, Thiagalingam A, Rodgers A, et al. Mobile Telephone Text Messaging for Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:340–9. 2. Cork T, Sanzeri D, Chambers R, Chamber C. Can pharmacists promote self-care using digital technology? Prescriber. 2018;29:21–4. 3. Donovan G, Hall N, Ling J, Smith F, Wilkes S. Influencing medication taking behaviors using automated two-way digital communication: A narrative synthesis systematic review informed by the Behavior Change Wheel. Br J Health Psychol. n/a n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12580.
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Le, Daisy, Cheryl L. Holt, Darlene R. Saunders, Min Qi Wang, Annie Coriolan, Alma D. Savoy, Jimmie L. Slade, Bettye Muwwakkil, and Nancy L. Atkinson. "Feasibility and acceptability of SMS text messaging in a prostate cancer educational intervention for African American men." Health Informatics Journal 22, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458215598636.
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African Americans’ greater access to mobile phones makes short messaging service technology a promising complement to health promotion interventions. Short messaging service text messages were added to the Men’s Prostate Awareness Church Training project, a men’s health intervention for African American men. We report on the feasibility and acceptability of the use of short messaging service text messages in the intervention. Short messaging service text messages served as (1) workshop reminders; (2) post-workshop message reinforcement; (3) spiritual/motivational messages; and (4) participant retention. At workshop 4, over 65 percent of participants wished to continue receiving the messages. While there was an increase in recall over time, more than one-third of the participants did not recall receiving the 53 text messages. However, recall was considerably greater among men who attended the Men’s Prostate Awareness Church Training workshops. Overall, the inclusion of text messages in health promotion interventions targeting mature African American men was found to be feasible and acceptable.
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Watterson, Jessica L., Diego Castaneda, and Caricia Catalani. "Promoting Antenatal Care Attendance Through a Text Messaging Intervention in Samoa: Quasi-Experimental Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): e15890. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15890.
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Background Antenatal care (ANC) has the potential to improve maternal health, but it remains underutilized and unevenly implemented in many low- and middle-income countries. Increasingly, text messaging programs for pregnant women show evidence that they can improve the utilization of ANC during pregnancy; however, gaps remain regarding how implementation affects outcomes. Objective This study aimed to assess facilitators and barriers to implementation of an SMS text messaging intervention for pregnant women in Samoa and to assess its impact on ANC attendance. Methods This study took place in Upolu, Samoa, from March to August 2014 and employed a quasi-experimental design. Half (n=3) of the public antenatal clinics on the island offered adult pregnant women the SMS text messaging intervention, with 552 women registering for the messages. At the comparison clinics (n=3), 255 women registered and received usual care. The intervention consisted of unidirectional text messages containing health tips and appointment reminders. The outcome of interest was the number of attended antenatal visits. Implementation data were also collected through a survey of the participating midwives (n=7) and implementation notes. Data analysis included a comparison of women’s baseline characteristics between the two groups, followed by the use of negative binomial regressions to test for associations between participation in the intervention and increased ANC attendance, controlling for individual characteristics and accounting for the clustering of women within clinics. Results The comparison of ANC attendance rates found that women receiving the SMS text messaging intervention attended 15% fewer ANC visits than the comparison group (P=.004), controlling for individual characteristics and clustering. Data analysis of the implementation process suggests that barriers to successful implementation include women registering very late in pregnancy, sharing their phone with others, and inconsistent explanation of the intervention to women. Conclusions These results suggest that unidirectional text messages do not encourage, and might even discourage, ANC attendance in Samoa. Interpreted with other evidence in the literature, these results suggest that SMS text messaging interventions are more effective when they facilitate better communication between patients and health workers. This study is an important contribution to our understanding of when SMS text messaging interventions are and are not effective in improving maternal health care utilization.
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Avila-Garcia, Patricia, Rosa Hernandez-Ramos, Sarah S. Nouri, Anupama Cemballi, Urmimala Sarkar, Courtney R. Lyles, and Adrian Aguilera. "Engaging users in the design of an mHealth, text message-based intervention to increase physical activity at a safety-net health care system." JAMIA Open 2, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz049.
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Abstract Objectives Text-messaging interventions are a promising approach to increasing physical activity in vulnerable populations. To better inform the development of a text-messaging intervention, we sought to identify barriers and facilitators to using text messaging and engaging in physical activity among patients with diabetes and comorbid depression. Materials and Methods We conducted interviews with primary care patients at a safety-net health care system (N = 26). Data were collected at 3 stages, including a focus group (stage 1), and individual interviews (stage 2 and 3). Patients in stage 1 and 2 previously participated in a text-messaging intervention as part of depression treatment. Discussions focused on participant experience of previously using a text-messaging intervention, influences and perceptions of physical activity, and mobile phone use. We analyzed all transcripts for emerging themes. Results Participants were 56.2 years (±9.7); 69.2% were female, 65.4% identified as Hispanic/Latino(a), and 46.2% reported having less than a high school education. All had depression and 61.5% had diabetes. Specific barriers that emerged included low literacy and only basic use of mobile phones in everyday life, in combination with a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions and limited mobility. These were each addressed with a specific content or intervention delivery change in the overall intervention design. Conclusions Conducting a focus group and individual interviews with end users of an mHealth intervention under development has implications for tailoring and modifying components of the content and format to ensure that the final intervention will engage end users most effectively.
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Morris, Melanie Hall, Maureen Barton, Marietta Zane, Sadie P. Hutson, Rameela Raman, and R. Eric Heidel. "A Nurse-Navigated, Postpartum Support Text Messaging Intervention." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 35, no. 4 (October 2021): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000596.
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Ahn, Ahleum, and Jaekyung Choi. "A one-way text messaging intervention for obesity." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 22, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x15591129.
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Forinash, Alicia B., Abigail Yancey, Danielle Chamness, Jamie Koerner, Christina Inteso, Collin Miller, Gilad Gross, and Katherine Mathews. "Smoking Cessation Following Text Message Intervention in Pregnant Women." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 52, no. 11 (June 1, 2018): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018780448.
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Background: Smoking during pregnancy has detrimental effects on mother and fetus. Text messaging has been utilized to improve patient care. Objective: To evaluate the impact of text messaging on smoking cessation rates among pregnant women in addition to standard of care (SOC) smoking cessation services. Our SOC includes pharmacist-driven education with or without nicotine patch or bupropion. Methods: This randomized, open-label, prospective trial was conducted at a maternal fetal care center from May 2014 to January 2016. Pregnant patients in the preparation stage of change were randomized to text messaging or SOC. The primary outcome was smoking cessation verified with exhaled carbon monoxide levels (eCO) 2 weeks from quit date. All received clinical pharmacist weekly calls for 3 weeks and biweekly visits until pharmacotherapy completion. The text messaging group also received predetermined motivational messages. Results: Of 49 randomized patients, 13 withdrew, and 6 were lost to follow-up. The remaining included 14 texting and 16 SOC patients. eCO-verified cessation was achieved by 57.1% in the texting group versus 31.3% in the control ( P = 0.153). Overall, 64.3% of the texting group achieved an eCO below 8 ppm at ≥1 visit versus 37.5% in the control group ( P = 0.143). No difference was found in birth outcomes. The study was underpowered because of slow enrollment and high drop-out rates. Conclusions and Relevance: Text messaging had minimal impact on improving smoking cessation rates in the obstetric population. However, further research is warranted because of the underpowered nature of this trial. Given the detrimental effects of smoking in pregnancy, more comprehensive cessation strategies are warranted.
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Schwebel, Frank J., and Mary E. Larimer. "Text message reminders as an adjunct to a substance use intervention for adolescents and young adults: Pilot feasibility and acceptability findings." DIGITAL HEALTH 6 (January 2020): 205520762096505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207620965052.
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Objective Text messaging has been proposed as a method for increasing the reach of interventions for harmful alcohol and other drug use. This paper describes the design of an automated text messaging adjunct to a substance use intervention intended to support adolescents and young adults attempting to change their alcohol and other drug use behavior. Feasibility and acceptability testing was conducted as part of this pilot study. Method Five focus groups were conducted to refine text message content and finalize pilot intervention design. Automated, daily, substance use-related reminder text messages were sent to pilot intervention participants ( n = 39), who were recruited from outpatient treatment. Results Of those who were invited, 63% enrolled in the study and 89.7% remained enrolled in the study as measured by completing at least one assessment after baseline. Participants reported a positive experience with the messages, particularly supportive/empowering messages and commitment reminder messages. Conclusions These findings suggest that text messaging is a feasible and acceptable method for delivery of substance use-related reminder content as an adjunct to substance use intervention.
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Cruvinel, Erica, Kimber P. Richter, Fernando Colugnati, and Telmo Mota Ronzani. "An Experimental Feasibility Study of a Hybrid Telephone Counseling/Text Messaging Intervention for Post-Discharge Cessation Support Among Hospitalized Smokers in Brazil." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 12 (August 23, 2018): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty165.
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Abstract Objective Text messaging interventions are effective. Despite high utilization of smartphones, few studies evaluate text messaging for cessation in middle-/lower-income countries. Initiating tobacco treatment in hospitals is an effective but underutilized approach for reaching smokers. We evaluated a hybrid phone counseling/text messaging intervention for supporting cessation among hospitalized smokers in Brazil. Methods We used an experimental design to assess the feasibility and potential effect size of the intervention. Participants (N = 66) were recruited from a university hospital and randomized in a 2:1 ratio into TXT (one session of telephone counseling plus 2 weeks of text messaging; N = 44) or Standard Care control group (N = 22). Participants lost to follow-up were counted as smokers. Results Counselors sent 1186 texts, of which 924 (77.9%) were received by study participants. Participants rated the TXT content as “helpful” (80.4%) and the phone counseling length to be “just right” (95.1%). Although the study was not powered to evaluate abstinence rates, we did observe a higher prevalence of abstinence in the TXT compared to control group at both 1-month follow-up (25.0% vs. 9.1%) and 3-month follow-up (31.8% vs. 9.1%). Carbon monoxide-verified abstinence at month 3 was also higher in TXT (20.5% vs. 4.5%). Conclusions This hybrid telephone/text intervention should progress to full-scale effectiveness testing as it achieved favorable outcomes, was acceptable to participants, and was readily implemented. This type of intervention has strong potential for expanding the reach of hospital-initiated tobacco treatment in middle-/lower-income countries. Implications This study extends research on hospital-initiated smoking cessation by establishing the feasibility of a novel text-messaging approach for post-discharge follow-up. Text messaging is a low-cost alternative to proactive telephone counseling that could help overcome resource barriers in middle- and lower-income countries. This hybrid texting/counseling intervention identified smokers in hospitals, established rapport through a single telephone follow-up, and expanded acceptability and reach of later support by using text-messaging, which is free of charge in this and other low-income countries. The favorable cessation outcomes achieved by the hybrid intervention provide support for a fully powered effectiveness trial.
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Senanayake, Buddhika, Sumudu I. Wickramasinghe, Mark D. Chatfield, Julie Hansen, Sisira Edirippulige, and Anthony C. Smith. "Effectiveness of text messaging interventions for the management of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 25, no. 9 (October 2019): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x19875852.
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Introduction Depression is a leading cause of human disability. Telemedicine-based interventions using text messaging are currently being trialled for the management of community-based clients with clinical depression. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such methods. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, Embase, Informit, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO and Scopus for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2000 and April 2019. Studies comparing text messaging interventions to a comparator group for patients with depression were included in the review. Articles were assessed for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for RCTs. Results Nine RCTs (945 patients: 764 adults and 181 adolescents) were included in the systematic review. Five studies used text messaging as the only intervention, whilst the remaining combined text messaging with other treatment modalities such as behavioural activation or cognitive behavioural therapy. A meta-analysis was conducted on seven selected RCTs (845 patients: 664 adults and 181 adolescents). The standardised mean reduction in depression due to text messaging interventions was 0.23 (95% confidence interval: –0.02 to 0.48). There was evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect between studies. Discussion There is marginal evidence supporting text messaging interventions as an effective treatment modality for people living with clinical depression. However, further research is needed to determine how best to utilise text-message interventions alongside other conventional forms of health services delivery.
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Soepnel, Larske M., Michelle C. McKinley, Sonja Klingberg, Catherine E. Draper, Alessandra Prioreschi, Shane A. Norris, and Lisa J. Ware. "Evaluation of a Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Preconception Micronutrient Supplement Use: Feasibility Study Nested in the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative Study in South Africa." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): e37309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/37309.
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Background Social messaging strategies such as SMS text messaging and radio are promising avenues for health promotion and behavior change in low- to middle-income settings. However, evidence of their acceptability, feasibility, and impact in the context of young women’s health and micronutrient deficiencies is lacking. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an automated 2-way text messaging intervention nested in an ongoing preconception health trial, the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI; HeLTI Bukhali) in Soweto, South Africa. Second, we aimed to evaluate the acceptability of a health promotion radio serial, which aired concurrently in the region. Methods In this feasibility study, 120 participants enrolled in HeLTI Bukhali between November 2020 and February 2021 received the 6-month 2-way text messaging intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data on intervention acceptability, usability, interaction, perceived benefit, and fidelity were collected during 5 focus group discussions (FGDs) and from study data logs. During the FGDs, data were collected on the acceptability of the radio serial. Following the text messaging intervention, capillary hemoglobin levels were assessed, and a participant questionnaire provided information on adherence and attitudes toward supplements. The text messaging control group comprised the first 120 women recruited from November 2019 to February 2020, who received the Bukhali intervention but not the text messages. Statistical significance testing and a linear mixed model were used for indicative effect comparisons between the text message–receiving and control groups. Results The text messaging intervention was found to be acceptable and to have perceived benefits, including being reminded to take supplements, gaining knowledge, and feeling supported by the study team. The use of the 2-way text messaging reply function was limited, with only a 10.8% (13/120) response rate by week 24. Barriers to replying included a lack of interest or phone credit and technical issues. Regarding the indicative effect, participants receiving the text messages had higher self-reported adherence at follow-up than the text messaging control group (42/63, 67% vs 33/85, 39% taking supplements every time; P=.02), and altitude-adjusted hemoglobin increased more between baseline and follow-up in the SMS text message–receiving group than in the text messaging control group (1.03, 95% CI 0.49-1.57; P<.001). The radio serial content was acceptable, although few participants reported exposure before the FGD. Conclusions Women reported that the text messaging intervention was useful and described the benefits of receiving the messages. Examination of hemoglobin status indicated a promising beneficial effect of text messaging support on adherence to micronutrient supplementation, requiring further exploration through randomized controlled studies. Health promotion through radio and text messages were both found to be acceptable, although more research into the radio serial reach among young women is needed. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) PACTR201903750173871; https://tinyurl.com/4x6n32ff
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Loh, Ivory H., Teresa Schwendler, Angela C. B. Trude, Elizabeth T. Anderson Steeves, Lawrence J. Cheskin, Sarah Lange, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Implementation of Text-Messaging and Social Media Strategies in a Multilevel Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention: Process Evaluation Results." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (January 1, 2018): 004695801877918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958018779189.
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Social media and text messaging show promise as public health interventions, but little evaluation of implementation exists. The B’more Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) was a multilevel, multicomponent (wholesalers, food stores, recreation centers) childhood obesity prevention trial that included social media and text-messaging components. The BHCK was implemented in 28 low-income areas of Baltimore City, Maryland, in 2 waves. The texting intervention targeted 241 low-income African American caregivers (of 283), who received 3 texts/week reinforcing key messages, providing nutrition information, and weekly goals. Regular posting on social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) targeted community members and local stakeholders. High implementation standards were set a priori (57 for social media, 11 for texting), with low implementation defined as <50%, medium as 50% to 99%, high as ≥100% of the high standard for each measure. Reach, dose delivered, and fidelity were assessed via web-based analytic tools. Between waves, social media implementation improved from low-moderate to high reach, dose delivered, and fidelity. Text messaging increased from moderate to high in reach and dose delivered, fidelity decreased from high to moderate. Data were used to monitor and revise the BHCK intervention throughout implementation. Our model for evaluating text messaging–based and social media–based interventions may be applicable to other settings.
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MacDougall, Sarah, Susan Jerrott, Sharon Clark, Leslie Anne Campbell, Andrea Murphy, and Lori Wozney. "Text Message Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health and Addiction Services: Scoping Review." JMIR Mental Health 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e16508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16508.
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Background The vast majority of adolescent mental health and substance use disorders go undiagnosed and undertreated. SMS text messaging is increasingly used as a method to deliver adolescent health services that promote psychological well-being and aim to protect adolescents from adverse experiences and risk factors critical for their current and future mental health. To date, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on the extent, range, and implementation contexts of these SMS text message interventions. Objective The objective of this scoping review was to map and categorize gaps in the current body of peer-reviewed research around the use of SMS text messaging–based interventions for mental health and addiction services among adolescents. Methods A scoping review was conducted according to Levac’s adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews in six iterative stages. A search strategy was cocreated and adapted for five unique databases. Studies were screened using Covidence software. The PICO (patient, intervention, comparator, outcome) framework and input from multiple stakeholder groups were used to structure and pilot a data extraction codebook. Data were extracted on study methodology and measures, intervention design, and implementation characteristics, as well as policy, practice, and research implications. Results We screened 1142 abstracts. Of these, 31 articles published between 2013 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Intervention engagement was the most common type of outcome measured (18/31), followed by changes in cognitions (16/31; eg, disease knowledge, self-awareness) and acceptability (16/31). Interventions were typically delivered in less than 12 weeks, and adolescents received 1-3 messages per week. Bidirectional messaging was involved in 65% (20/31) of the studies. Limited descriptions of implementation features (eg, cost, policy implications, technology performance) were reported. Conclusions The use of SMS text messaging interventions is a rapidly expanding area of research. However, lack of large-scale controlled trials and theoretically driven intervention designs limits generalizability. Significant gaps in the literature were observed in relation to implementation considerations, cost, clinical workflow, bidirectionality of texting, and level of personalization and tailoring of the interventions. Given the growth of mobile phone–based interventions for this population, a rigorous program of large-scale, well-designed trials is urgently required.
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Campbell, Jeffrey I., Isaac Aturinda, Evans Mwesigwa, Annabella Habinka, Michael Kanyesigye, Richard J. Holden, Mark J. Siedner, and John D. Kraemer. "Behavioral Predictors of Intention to Use a Text Messaging Reminder System Among People Living With HIV in Rural Uganda: Survey Study." JMIR Human Factors 10 (May 5, 2023): e42952. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42952.
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Background The expansion of cellular phones in sub-Saharan Africa spurred the development of SMS text message–based mobile health (mHealth) technology. Numerous SMS text message–based interventions have attempted to increase retention in care for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Many of these interventions have failed to scale. Understanding theory-grounded factors leading to mHealth acceptability is needed to create scalable, contextually appropriate, and user-focused interventions to improve longitudinal HIV care for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between constructs from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), constructs identified in previous qualitative research, and behavioral intention to use a novel SMS text message–based mHealth intervention designed to improve care retention among people living with HIV initiating treatment in rural Uganda. Methods We conducted a survey of people living with HIV who were newly initiating HIV care in Mbarara, Uganda, and had agreed to use a novel SMS text message–based system that notified them of abnormal laboratory results and reminded them to return to the clinic. Survey items assessed behavioral intention to use the SMS text messaging system; constructs from UTAUT; and demographics, literacy, SMS text messaging experience, HIV status disclosure, and social support. We used factor analysis and logistic regression to estimate the relationships between UTAUT constructs and the behavioral intention to use the SMS text messaging system. Results A total of 249 participants completed the surveys, of whom 115 (46.2%) expressed high behavioral intention to use the SMS text messaging intervention. In a multivariable analysis, we found that performance expectancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of the scaled factor score 5.69, 95% CI 2.64-12.25; P<.001), effort expectancy (aOR of the scaled factor score 4.87, 95% CI 1.75-13.51; P=.002), and social influence (measured as a 1-unit Likert score increase in the perception that clinical staff have been helpful in the use of the SMS text messaging program; aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.21-7.54; P=.02) were significantly associated with high behavioral intention to use the SMS text messaging program. SMS text messaging experience (aOR/1-unit increase 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.96; P=.008) and age (aOR/1-year increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.13; P=.003) were also significantly associated with increased odds of high intention to use the system. Conclusions Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, as well as age and SMS experience, were drivers of high behavioral intention to use an SMS text messaging reminder system among people living with HIV initiating treatment in rural Uganda. These findings highlight salient factors associated with SMS intervention acceptability in this population and indicate attributes that are likely to be key to the successful development and scaling of novel mHealth interventions.
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Yee, Lynn, Shaneah Taylor, Maria Young, Makayla Williams, Charlotte Niznik, and Melissa Simon. "Evaluation of a Text Messaging Intervention to Support Self-Management of Diabetes During Pregnancy Among Low-Income, Minority Women: Qualitative Study." JMIR Diabetes 5, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): e17794. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17794.
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Background Given the growing burden of diabetes in underserved communities and the complexity of diabetes self-management during pregnancy, the development of interventions to support low-income pregnant women with diabetes is urgently needed. Objective This study aims to develop and pilot test a theory-driven curriculum of SMS text messaging for diabetes support and education during pregnancy. Methods This was a prospective pilot investigation of a novel SMS text messaging intervention offered to pregnant women with pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus and publicly funded prenatal care. Prior work yielded a conceptual model of diabetes self-management barriers and support factors in this population, which was used to guide curriculum development along with health behavior theories. Participants received three supportive or educational one-way text messages per week during pregnancy. In-depth semistructured interviews were performed at study exit to solicit feedback on the program. Narrative data were analyzed using the constant comparative technique to identify themes and subthemes. Results Participants (N=31 enrolled and n=26 completed both interviews) consistently reported that SMS text messaging provided enhanced motivation for diabetes self-care, reduced diabetes-related social isolation, increased perceived diabetes-associated knowledge, enhanced comfort with the health care team, and reduced logistical burdens of diabetes during pregnancy. Participants requested enhanced interactive and customizable features in future intervention iterations. Conclusions Pregnant women with diabetes who were enrolled in this pilot study of an SMS text messaging curriculum for diabetes support described enhanced motivation, knowledge, and comfort with diabetes self-care activities as a result of the health education intervention. The next steps include enriching the interactive features of the intervention and investigating the effect of the intervention on perinatal outcomes.
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Pittman, Alison F. "Effect of a School-Based Activity Tracker, Companion Social Website, and Text Messaging Intervention on Exercise, Fitness, and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy of Middle School Students." Journal of School Nursing 36, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518791223.
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This study examined the effect of a 10-week activity tracker, companion social website, and text messaging intervention on body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, physical fitness, and physical activity (PA) self-efficacy of children. Children ( n = 98) were assigned to one of three groups: activity tracker group, text messaging group, and activity tracker + text messaging group. Pre-/posttest fitness, BMI, PA self-efficacy, and body fat percentage were measured. The activity tracker group had a significant increase in fitness, no significant difference in PA self-efficacy, and an increase in body fat percentage and BMI ( p < .05). The text messaging group had a significant increase in BMI ( p < .05). The activity tracker + text messaging group had no significant differences in fitness, BMI, PA self-efficacy, or body fat percentage. This study gives no clear support to the hypothesis that use of activity trackers and a text messaging intervention have a positive effect on fitness, PA self-efficacy, or body fat percentage.
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Philipson, Alanna. "Connecting2u Text Messaging Intervention: Connecting baby, family and community." International Journal of Integrated Care 18, s1 (March 12, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.s1056.
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Kong, Grace, Daniel M. Ells, Deepa R. Camenga, and Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin. "Text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention: A narrative review." Addictive Behaviors 39, no. 5 (May 2014): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.024.
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Lee, Hee Yun, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Taeho Greg Rhee, Victoria H. Raveis, and Jasjit S. Ahluwalia. "Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 70, no. 1 (January 2015): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000000142.
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Chen, Yilin, Keshet Ronen, Daniel Matemo, Jennifer A. Unger, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart, and Carol Levin. "An Interactive Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Adherence to Option B+ Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Kenya: Cost Analysis." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): e18351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18351.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) approaches offer potentially affordable ways to support the care of HIV-infected patients in overstretched health care systems. However, only few studies have analyzed the costs associated with mHealth solutions for HIV care. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the total incremental costs and incremental cost per beneficiary of an interactive SMS text messaging support intervention within a clinical trial. Methods The Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671) evaluates an interactive semiautomated SMS text messaging intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care among peripartum women infected with HIV in Kenya to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Women were randomized to receive one-way versus two-way SMS text messages. Messages were sent weekly, and these messages included motivational and educational content and visit reminders; two-way messaging enabled prompt consultation with the nurse as needed. Microcosting methods were used to collect resource-use data related to implementing the Mobile WAChX SMS text messaging intervention. At 2 sites (Nairobi and Western Kenya), we conducted semistructured interviews with health personnel to identify startup and recurrent activities by obtaining information on the personnel, supplies, and equipment. Data on expenditures and prices from project expense reports, administrative records, and published government salary data were included to estimate the total incremental costs. Using a public provider perspective, we estimated incremental unit costs per beneficiary and per contact during 2017. Results The weighted average annual incremental costs for the two-way SMS text messaging group were US $3725 per facility, US $62 per beneficiary, and US $0.85 per contact to reach 115 beneficiaries. For the one-way SMS text messaging group, the weighted average annual incremental costs were US $2542 per facility, US $41 per beneficiary, and US $0.66 per contact to reach 117 beneficiaries. The largest cost shares were for the personnel: 48.2% (US $1794/US $3725) in two-way and 32.4% (US $825/US $2542) in one-way SMS text messaging groups. Costs associated with software development and communication accounted for 29.9% (US $1872/US $6267) of the costs in both intervention arms (US $1042 vs US $830, respectively). Conclusions Cost information for budgeting and financial planning is relevant for implementing mHealth interventions in national health plans. Given the proportion of costs related to systems development, it is likely that costs per beneficiary will decline with the scale-up of the interventions.
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Hatch, S. Gabe, Krista K. Dowdle, Sean C. Aaron, and Scott R. Braithwaite. "Marital Text." Family Journal 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718786491.
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Face-to-face prevention-focused relationship education programs have generally been efficacious in improving couples’ communication and relationship satisfaction. Computer-based interventions have furthered the dissemination of these interventions, so anyone with access to a computer can participate in the intervention. One of the next steps in this line of research is finding affordable and convenient ways to disseminate this information. One possibility is text messaging. The current study examined the feasibility of utilizing text messages as a dissemination tool for relationship enhancement. In this study, 128 married individuals were randomly assigned to a control condition ( n = 64), where relationship-related text messages were not received, or to a treatment condition ( n = 64), where relationship-related text messages were received. Individuals assigned to the treatment condition responded positively toward the intervention. Participants’ dropout and retention rates were promising, and 99% of the participants supplied authentic phone numbers. Participants reported the intervention helped them make changes in their relationship, and that the text messages’ content was beneficial to their relationship. Strengths, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed, as well as the implications for utilizing text messages as a dissemination tool for preventative relationship education.
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Morgan, Kerri A., Alex W. K. Wong, Kim Walker, Rachel Heeb Desai, Tina M. Knepper, and Pamela K. Newland. "A Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention to Manage Fatigue for People With Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury, and Stroke: Development and Usability Testing." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): e40166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/40166.
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Background Fatigue significantly affects daily functioning in persons with disabilities. Fatigue management can be challenging, and the information provided during routine physician visits to manage fatigue can be overwhelming. One way to address fatigue is to increase knowledge, skills, and confidence for self-management (ie, patient activation). Self-management programs have shown promising effects in targeting fatigue in persons with disabilities. However, satisfaction with self-management programs is low for persons with disabilities, and tailoring interventions to personalized needs has been recommended. SMS text messaging is increasingly being used to implement health behavior change interventions in a person’s natural environment. Little has been done to link mobile health approaches with patient activation and self-management to address fatigue in persons with disabilities. Objective This study aimed to develop and test a mobile phone–based fatigue self-management SMS text messaging intervention targeting patient activation in 3 groups of persons with disabilities: persons with multiple sclerosis, persons who had a stroke, and persons with a spinal cord injury. Methods We used evidence-based resources and input from a consumer advisory board (CAB; composed of 2 participants from each of the 3 disability groups) and a neurologist to develop the intervention. The study was conducted using a 4-step process: development of the initial SMS text messaging library and categorization of the content into 9 content areas, review and modification of the SMS text messages by the neurologist and CAB, integration of the content library into a digital platform, and utility testing by CAB members. Results A total of 6 CAB participants rated SMS text messages covering 9 domain areas of fatigue self-management with good clarity (mean ratings=3.5-5.0 out of 5) and relevance (mean ratings=3.2-5.0 out of 5). Overall, SMS text messaging content was reported by CAB participants as helpful, clear, and well suited for a mobile health intervention. The CAB reached consensus on the time of day that SMS text messages should be sent (morning) and their frequency (once per day). This feedback led the research team to narrow down the program to deliver 48 SMS text messages, 1 per day, Monday through Thursday only, a total of 4 SMS text messages per week, over a 12-week period. The final set of SMS text messages was programmed into a digital platform with a predefined delivery schedule. The usability of the intervention was high, with 55 (83%) out of 66 responses endorsing the highest rating. Conclusions This study demonstrates a step-by-step process for developing a fatigue self-management SMS text messaging intervention for persons with disabilities. For this population, whose access to health services is often limited, this intervention provides an alternative delivery model to increase access to fatigue information and deliver content that aligns with the person’s needs.
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Lowres, Nicole, Andrew Duckworth, Julie Redfern, Aravinda Thiagalingam, and Clara K. Chow. "Use of a Machine Learning Program to Correctly Triage Incoming Text Messaging Replies From a Cardiovascular Text–Based Secondary Prevention Program: Feasibility Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): e19200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19200.
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Background SMS text messaging programs are increasingly being used for secondary prevention, and have been shown to be effective in a number of health conditions including cardiovascular disease. SMS text messaging programs have the potential to increase the reach of an intervention, at a reduced cost, to larger numbers of people who may not access traditional programs. However, patients regularly reply to the SMS text messages, leading to additional staffing requirements to monitor and moderate the patients’ SMS text messaging replies. This additional staff requirement directly impacts the cost-effectiveness and scalability of SMS text messaging interventions. Objective This study aimed to test the feasibility and accuracy of developing a machine learning (ML) program to triage SMS text messaging replies (ie, identify which SMS text messaging replies require a health professional review). Methods SMS text messaging replies received from 2 clinical trials were manually coded (1) into “Is staff review required?” (binary response of yes/no); and then (2) into 12 general categories. Five ML models (Naïve Bayes, OneVsRest, Random Forest Decision Trees, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Multilayer Perceptron) and an ensemble model were tested. For each model run, data were randomly allocated into training set (2183/3118, 70.01%) and test set (935/3118, 29.98%). Accuracy for the yes/no classification was calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), false positives, and false negatives. Accuracy for classification into 12 categories was compared using multiclass classification evaluators. Results A manual review of 3118 SMS text messaging replies showed that 22.00% (686/3118) required staff review. For determining need for staff review, the Multilayer Perceptron model had highest accuracy (AUC 0.86; 4.85% false negatives; and 4.63% false positives); with addition of heuristics (specified keywords) fewer false negatives were identified (3.19%), with small increase in false positives (7.66%) and AUC 0.79. Application of this model would result in 26.7% of SMS text messaging replies requiring review (true + false positives). The ensemble model produced the lowest false negatives (1.43%) at the expense of higher false positives (16.19%). OneVsRest was the most accurate (72.3%) for the 12-category classification. Conclusions The ML program has high sensitivity for identifying the SMS text messaging replies requiring staff input; however, future research is required to validate the models against larger data sets. Incorporation of an ML program to review SMS text messaging replies could significantly reduce staff workload, as staff would not have to review all incoming SMS text messages. This could lead to substantial improvements in cost-effectiveness, scalability, and capacity of SMS text messaging–based interventions.
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Puchalt, Jaime Perales. "CuidaTXT: A Text Message Dementia-Caregiver Intervention for Latinos." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2777.
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Abstract Latino family caregivers of people with dementia have low access to caregiver support. Text messaging holds potential to dramatically enhance the reach of caregiver support interventions among Latinos. This presentation will describe the CuidaTXT Project, with a special emphasis on approach to recruitment and community engagement to achieve the objectives of designing and testing the first dementia caregiver-support text message intervention for Latinos. Based on the Stress Process Framework, CuidaTXT incorporates social support and coping components including AD education, problem-solving skills training, social network support, care management and referral to community resources via tailored two-way messaging. Engagement in CuidaTXT benefited from multi-source recruitment efforts in the Latino community-network built over a three-year period. The network is comprised of senior, religious and community centers, the local media, clinics, a Latino registry and a dementia health navigation service. This presentation will describe processes for assembling and engaging the network for CuidaTXT.
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Suire, Kameron B., Ashley Peart, Jan Kavookjian, and Danielle D. Wadsworth. "Impact of motivational interviewing as a follow-up to an exercise intervention among women with or at risk for metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212110734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211073434.
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Objectives: Women have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than their male counterparts, and interventions should target women with or at risk for metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to compare two intervention strategies on long-term outcomes following the completion of an exercise intervention. Methods: Twenty-six women ( M age = 43.35 ± 9.03) with at least one risk factor for metabolic syndrome were randomized into either a motivational interviewing group ( n = 10) or self-regulation-based mobile messaging control group ( n = 16) as a 12-week follow-up to a 10-week, 30-session exercise intervention. Outcomes of interest were body fat percentage, bone mineral density, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Results: Mixed ANOVAs revealed a significant effect for group × time for body fat percentage F(1, 24) = 8.30, p = 0.01, [Formula: see text] = 0.26, bone mineral density F(1, 24) = 6.68, p = 0.02, [Formula: see text] = 0.22, waist circumference F(1, 24) = 10.35, p = 0.01, [Formula: see text] = 0.30, triglycerides F(1, 24) = 5.06, p = 0.03, [Formula: see text] = 0.17, and systolic blood pressure F(1, 24) = 5.39, p = 0.03, [Formula: see text] = 0.18 all in favor of the motivational interviewing group after 12 weeks when compared to the self-regulation-based mobile messaging group. No significant effect for group × time was noted for diastolic blood pressure p = 0.36, [Formula: see text] = 0.04, high-density cholesterol p = 0.08, [Formula: see text] = 0.12, or fasting blood glucose p = 0.85, [Formula: see text] = 0.01 when comparing the motivational interviewing and self-regulation-based mobile messaging groups. Conclusions: Motivational interviewing may be a more impactful solution to extend the effects of exercise intervention studies compared to a self-regulation-based mobile messaging control group. Future interventions should focus on increasing sample size, utilizing more objective measures of body composition, utilizing booster sessions, and increasing the length of follow-up periods.
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Li, Amanda CM, Keith KL Wong, Floria HN Chio, Winnie WS Mak, and Loretta WH Poon. "Delivering Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Insomnia, Pain, and Dysfunctional Eating Through a Text Messaging App: Three Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating the Effectiveness and Mediating Mechanisms." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): e30073. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30073.
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Background Although text messaging has the potential to be the core intervention modality, it is often used as an adjunct only. To improve health and alleviate the distress related to insomnia, pain, and dysregulated eating of people living in urban areas, text messaging–based mindfulness-based interventions were designed and evaluated in 3 randomized controlled trials. Objective This study investigated the effectiveness and mediating mechanisms of text messaging–based mindfulness-based interventions for people with distress related to insomnia, pain, or dysregulated eating. Methods In these trials, 333, 235, and 351 participants were recruited online and randomized to intervention and wait-list control conditions for insomnia, pain, and dysregulated eating, respectively. Participants experienced 21 days of intervention through WhatsApp Messenger. Participants completed pre-, post-, 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up self-report questionnaires online. The retention rates at postmeasurements were 83.2% (139/167), 77.1% (91/118), and 72.9% (129/177) for intervention groups of insomnia, pain, and dysregulated eating, respectively. Participants’ queries were answered by a study technician. Primary outcomes included insomnia severity, presleep arousal, pain intensity, pain acceptance, and eating behaviors. Secondary outcomes included mindfulness, depression, anxiety, mental well-being, and functional impairments. Mindfulness, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, pain catastrophizing, and reactivity to food cues were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between the intervention and outcomes. Results For all 3 studies, the intervention groups showed significant improvement on most outcomes at 1-month follow-up compared to their respective wait-list control groups; some primary outcomes (eg, insomnia, pain, dysregulated eating indicators) and secondary outcomes (eg, depression, anxiety symptoms) were sustained at 3-month follow-up. Medium-to-large effect sizes were found at postassessments in most outcomes in all studies. In the intervention for insomnia, mediation analyses showed that dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep mediated the effect of the intervention on all primary outcomes and most secondary outcomes at both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, whereas mindfulness mediated the intervention effect on presleep arousal at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. In the intervention for pain, pain catastrophizing mediated the effect of intervention on pain intensity and functioning at both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, whereas mindfulness only mediated the effect of intervention on anxiety and depressive symptoms. In the intervention for dysregulated eating, power of food mediated the effect of intervention on both uncontrolled and emotional eating at both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups and mindfulness was found to mediate the effect on depressive symptoms at both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Conclusions These 3 studies converged and provided empirical evidence that mindfulness-based interventions delivered through text messaging are effective in improving distress related to sleep, pain, and dysregulated eating. Text messaging has the potential to be a core intervention modality to improve various common health outcomes for people living a fast-paced lifestyle. Trial Registration Clinical Research and Biostatistics Clinical Trials Registry CUHK_CCRB00559; https://tinyurl.com/24rkwarz
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Zamanillo-Campos, Rocío, Maria Jesús Serrano-Ripoll, Joana Maria Taltavull-Aparicio, Elena Gervilla-García, Joana Ripoll, Maria Antonia Fiol-deRoque, Anne-Marie Boylan, and Ignacio Ricci-Cabello. "Perspectives and Views of Primary Care Professionals Regarding DiabeText, a New mHealth Intervention to Support Adherence to Antidiabetic Medication in Spain: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074237.
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Background: Antidiabetic medication is effective in preventing diabetes-related complications. However, 40% of type 2 diabetic patients do not adhere to their medication regimes adequately. Brief text messages represent a promising approach to support medication adherence. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of primary care professionals (PCPs) concerning the DiabeText intervention, a new text messaging intervention to be developed to support medication adherence in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mallorca, Spain. Methods: We conducted four focus groups (n = 28) and eight semi-structured interviews with doctors and nurses. Data collection and analysis were carried out by researchers independently following Braun and Clark’s methodology. Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) text messaging interventions have the potential to effectively support diabetes self-management; (2) involving PCPs in the intervention would facilitate its design and implementation; (3) obtaining evidence supporting the cost-effectiveness is a key prerequisite for large-scale implementation of the intervention. PCPs identified barriers and enablers of the design and implementation of the intervention and made suggestions about the content and format of the text messages. Conclusion: The DiabeText intervention is perceived as useful and acceptable by PCPs provided its cost-effectiveness.
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Clark, Alicia, and Maria Anna Choukri. "Health Text Messaging Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake." Proceedings 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008012.
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Markowitz, Jessica T., Tara Cousineau, Debra L. Franko, Alan T. Schultz, Meredith Trant, Rachel Rodgers, and Lori M. B. Laffel. "Text Messaging Intervention for Teens and Young Adults With Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 8, no. 5 (June 22, 2014): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296814540130.
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Riley, William, Jami Obermayer, and Jersino Jean-Mary. "Internet and Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention for College Smokers." Journal of American College Health 57, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jach.57.2.245-248.
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Lee, Hee Yun, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Jennifer McHugh, Victoria H. Raveis, and Jasjit S. Ahluwalia. "mHealth Pilot Study: Text Messaging Intervention to Promote HPV Vaccination." American Journal of Health Behavior 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.40.1.8.
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Balmford, J., and R. Borland. "How Do Smokers Use a Smoking Cessation Text Messaging Intervention?" Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16, no. 12 (July 16, 2014): 1586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu111.
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Wiseman, Patricia, and Kathie Records. "Using Theory to Drive Influenza Related Text Messaging Interventions." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2015040104.
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The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommends all children be vaccinated annually against Influenza. Given the increased use of technology as a strategy to increase immunization coverage, theory-based text messaging may result in higher vaccination rates than traditional vaccine reminders. This article describes the development of theory-based text messages for parents of 5 to 8-year-old children that can be implemented in primary care settings. The development of the text messages was guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model. A pilot study was conducted with community pediatric vaccine health care providers (n = 6), and parents of 5 to 8-year-old children (n = 8) to evaluate the text message content for clarity, internal consistency, and content validity. The evaluation results indicated that our intervention was successful in creating a low cost, theory-based educational intervention that garnered community investment and met the cultural relevance and literacy needs of the priority population.
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Bermon, Anderson, Ana Fernanda Uribe, Paula Fernanda Pérez-Rivero, David Prieto-Merino, Jose Federico Saaibi, Federico Arturo Silva, Diana Ivonne Canon, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Text Messages Targeting Adherence to Cardiovascular Medications in Secondary Prevention: TXT2HEART Colombia Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 28, 2021): e25548. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25548.
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Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 100 million patients. There is evidence that antiplatelet agents and antihypertensive medications could reduce the risk of new vascular events in this population; however, treatment adherence is very low. An SMS text messaging intervention was recently developed based on behavior change techniques to increase adherence to pharmacological treatment among patients with a history of ASCVD. Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an SMS text messaging intervention to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications in patients with ASCVD. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial for patients with a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease, in one center in Colombia was conducted. Patients randomized to the intervention arm were assigned to receive SMS text messages daily for the first 4 weeks, 5 SMS text messages on week 5, 3 SMS text messages each in weeks 6 and 7, and 1 SMS text message weekly from week 8 until week 52. In contrast, patients in the control arm received a monthly SMS text message reminding them of the next study appointment and the importance of the study, requesting information about changes in their phone number, and thanking them for participating in the study. The primary endpoint was the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, whereas the secondary endpoints were the changes in thromboxane B2 levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, medication adherence, cardiac and noncardiac mortality, and hospitalization. Linear regression analyses and bivariate tests were performed. Results Of the 930 randomized patients, 805 (86.5%) completed follow-up and were analyzed for the primary endpoint. There was no evidence that the intervention changed the primary outcome (LDL-C levels; P=.41) or any of the secondary outcomes evaluated (all P>.05). There was also no evidence that the intervention was associated with adverse events. Conclusions In this study, there was no evidence that a behavior modification intervention delivered by SMS text messaging improved LDL-C levels, blood pressure levels, or adherence at 12 months. More research is needed to evaluate whether different SMS text messaging strategies, including personalized messages and different timings, are effective; future studies should include mixed methods to better understand why, for whom, and in which context (eg, health system or social environment) SMS text messaging interventions work (or not) to improve adherence in patients with ASCVD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03098186; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03098186 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028017
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Kershaw, Karyn, Lisa Martelly, Cassidy Stevens, D. Keith McInnes, Allie Silverman, Thomas Byrne, Diana Aycinena, et al. "Text messaging to increase patient engagement in a large health care for the homeless clinic: Results of a randomized pilot study." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221129729.
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Objectives To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of text messaging to increase outpatient care engagement and medication adherence in an urban homeless population in Boston. Methods Between July 2017 and April 2018, 62 patients from a clinic serving a homeless population were sent automated text messages for four months. Messages were either appointment reminders and medication adherence suggestions (intervention group) or general health promotion messages (control group). Medical records were reviewed to evaluate appointment keeping, emergency room (ER) use, and hospitalizations. Pre- and post-surveys were administered to measure self-reported medication adherence. Results No significant differences were found in inpatient or outpatient care between the intervention and control groups, though differences in no-show rates and medication adherence approached significance. Appointment no-show rates were 21.0% vs. 30.6% ( p = 0.08) for intervention and control, respectively, and rates of completed appointments were 65.8% vs. 56.7% ( p = 0.12). Mean ER visits were 3.86 vs 2.33 ( p = 0.16) for intervention and control groups, and mean inpatient admissions were 0.6 versus 1.24 ( p = 0.42). Self-reported medication adherence increased from 8.27 to 9.84 in intervention participants, compared to an increase from 8.27 to 8.68 in control participants ( p = 0.07), on a 1–11 scale. Conclusions Text messaging showed the potential to improve patient engagement in care and medication adherence in an urban homeless population (findings approaching but not achieving statistical significance). Work is needed to enhance the effectiveness of text-messaging interventions, which may involve increasing ease of use for mobile phones and texting apps, and addressing high rates of phone theft and loss.
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Demirci, Jill R., Brian Suffoletto, Jack Doman, Melissa Glasser, Judy C. Chang, Susan M. Sereika, and Debra L. Bogen. "The Development and Evaluation of a Text Message Program to Prevent Perceived Insufficient Milk Among First-Time Mothers: Retrospective Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): e17328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17328.
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Background Several recent trials have examined the feasibility and efficacy of automated SMS text messaging to provide remote breastfeeding support to mothers, but these texting systems vary in terms of design features and outcomes examined. Objective This study examined user engagement with and feedback on a theory-grounded SMS text messaging intervention intended to prevent perceived insufficient milk (PIM)—the single, leading modifiable cause of unintended breastfeeding reduction and cessation. Methods We recruited 250 nulliparous individuals intending to breastfeed between 13 and 25 weeks of pregnancy in southwestern Pennsylvania. Participants were randomly assigned with equal allocation to either an SMS intervention to prevent PIM and unintended breastfeeding reduction or cessation (MILK, a Mobile, semiautomated text message–based Intervention to prevent perceived Low or insufficient milK supply; n=126) or a control group receiving general perinatal SMS text messaging–based support via the national, free Text4Baby system (n=124). Participants in both groups received SMS text messages 3 to 7 times per week from 25 weeks of pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum. The MILK intervention incorporated several automated interactivity and personalization features (eg, keyword texting for more detailed information on topics and branched response logic) as well as an option to receive one-on-one assistance from an on-call study lactation consultant. We examined participant interactions with the MILK system, including response rates to SMS text messaging queries. We also sought participant feedback on MILK content, delivery preferences, and overall satisfaction with the system via interviews and a remote survey at 8 weeks postpartum. Results Participants randomized to MILK (87/124, 70.2% white and 84/124, 67.7% college educated) reported that MILK texts increased their breastfeeding confidence and helped them persevere through breastfeeding problems. Of 124 participants, 9 (7.3%) elected to stop MILK messages, and 3 (2.4%) opted to reduce message frequency during the course of the study. There were 46 texts through the MILK system for individualized assistance from the study lactation consultant (25/46, 54% on weekends or after-hours). The most commonly texted keywords for more detailed information occurred during weeks 4 to 6 postpartum and addressed milk volume intake and breastfeeding and sleep patterns. MILK participants stated a preference for anticipatory guidance on potential breastfeeding issues and less content addressing the benefits of breastfeeding. Suggested improvements included extending messaging past 8 weeks, providing access to messaging for partners, and tailoring content based on participants’ pre-existing breastfeeding knowledge and unique breastfeeding trajectory. Conclusions Prenatal and postpartum evidence–based breastfeeding support delivered via semiautomated SMS text messaging is a feasible and an acceptable intervention for first-time mothers. To optimize engagement with digital breastfeeding interventions, enhanced customization features should be considered. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02724969; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02724969
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Nsagha, Dickson Shey, Vincent Verla Siysi, Same Ekobo, Thomas Obinchemti Egbe, and Odette Dzemo Kibu. "One-Way and Two-Way Mobile Phone Text Messages for Treatment Adherence Among Patients With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): e16127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16127.
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Background Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the factors that contribute to HIV drug resistance, and it is a major problem for the public health system in controlling the HIV pandemic. There is emerging evidence that SMS can play an important role in health care delivery among patients with HIV on ART, especially in resource-limited settings. Objective This paper aims to assess the impact of two-way and one-way SMS text messaging on adherence to HIV treatment. We hypothesized that sending weekly text messages through the one-way and two-way SMS text messaging approach will improve adherence to ART among patients with HIV and improve associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). Methods A randomized controlled trial is being carried out among participants with HIV who have been on ART for at least one month from an accredited treatment center, namely the Buea Regional Hospital and Kumba District Hospital of South West Region, Cameroon. Participants with HIV, both male and female, aged 21 years and older make up a sample size of 207. The interventions involved the use of mobile phone text messages. Before commencing the intervention, a focus group discussion was carried out among the participants to understand their perception about the use of SMS-based interventions to improve adherence. A total of 246 participants were randomized to receive either a one-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient without recipient sending a reply) or two-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient and recipient sends a reply) or the control (no SMS, only standard care). Data on adherence and quality of life were collected at baseline and after 6 months and will be analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative data will be analyzed using Atlas.ti 7.5. Results Data collection began in September 2019 with focus group discussions and baseline data collection. After 1 month of baseline data collection, the intervention began in October 2019, and postintervention data were collected after 6 months (March 2020). At the end of the study, we will be able to understand the perception of patients toward SMS text messaging–based interventions and also assess the impact of one-way and two-way SMS text messages on treatment adherence among patients with HIV and on associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). Conclusions The impact of SMS text messaging varies across different settings. The results from this study will determine the perception of patients toward an SMS text messaging–based intervention and its impact on adherence to ART. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16127
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Mehran, Ladan, Pantea Nazeri, Hossein Delshad, Parvin Mirmiran, Yadollah Mehrabi, and Fereidoun Azizi. "Does a text messaging intervention improve knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding iodine deficiency and iodized salt consumption?" Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 12 (July 2, 2012): 2320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000869.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of implementation of a prevention programme via mobile phone text messaging in enhancing knowledge, attitudes and practice concerning iodine deficiency and iodized salt consumption.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial, participants were subjected to a brief tele-educational support regarding iodine deficiency and the importance of iodized salt consumption. The intervention group received daily text messages via mobile phone for 6 weeks. Knowledge, attitude and practice scores, urinary iodine concentration and salt iodine content were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after the intervention.SettingParticipants were recruited from health-care centres in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.SubjectsFor the present study 205 females aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned to the intervention (n 95) and control (n 110) groups.ResultsA significant difference was found in median knowledge scores between the intervention and control groups at follow-up (P = 0·004). There was also a significant difference in median attitude scores between the intervention and control groups (P = 0·02). The intervention group did not differ significantly in median practice score, urinary iodine concentration and salt iodine content from the control group.ConclusionsText messaging interventions are effective in improving individuals’ knowledge and attitudes regarding preventive health-care topics.
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Thomas, Kristin, Marcus Bendtsen, Catharina Linderoth, and Preben Bendtsen. "Implementing Facilitated Access to a Text Messaging, Smoking Cessation Intervention Among Swedish Patients Having Elective Surgery: Qualitative Study of Patients’ and Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): e17563. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17563.
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Background There is strong evidence that short-term smoking cessation before surgery can reduce postoperative morbidity. There are, however, several structural problems in health care systems concerning how to implement smoking cessation interventions in routine practice for preoperative patients. Objective This study aimed to analyze the implementation of a text messaging, smoking cessation intervention targeting patients having elective surgery. Implementation of facilitated access (ie, referral from practitioners) and the perceived usefulness among patients were investigated. Elective surgery is defined as scheduled, nonacute surgery. Methods A qualitative study was carried out at two medium-sized hospitals in the south of Sweden. The implementation of facilitated access was investigated during a 12-month period from April 2018 to April 2019. Facilitated access was conceptualized as specialists recommending the text messaging intervention to patients having elective surgery. Implementation was explored in terms of perceptions about the intervention and behaviors associated with implementation; that is, how patients used the intervention and how specialists behaved in facilitating usage among patients. Two focus groups with smoking cessation specialists and 10 individual interviews with patients were carried out. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Two main categories were identified from the focus group data with smoking cessation specialists: implementation approach and perceptions about the intervention. The first category, implementation approach, referred to how specialists adapted their efforts to situational factors and to the needs and preferences of patients, and how building of trust with patients was prioritized. The second category, perceptions about the intervention, showed that specialists thought the content and structure of the text messaging intervention felt familiar and worked well as a complement to current practice. Two categories were identified from the patient interview data: incorporating new means of support from health care and determinants of use. The first category referred to how patients adopted and incorporated the intervention into their smoking cessation journey. Patients were receptive, shared the text messages with friends and family, humanized the text messages, and used the messages as a complement to other strategies to quit smoking. The second category, determinants of use, referred to aspects that influenced how and when patients used the intervention and included the following: timing of the intervention and text messages, motivation to change, and perceptions of the mobile phone medium. Conclusions Smoking cessation specialists adopted an active role in implementing the intervention by adapting their approach and fitting the intervention into existing routines. Patients showed strong motivation to change and openness to incorporate the intervention into their behavior change journey; however, the timing of the intervention and messages were important in optimizing the support. A text messaging, smoking cessation intervention can be a valuable and feasible way to reach smoking patients having elective surgery.
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Pratt, Rebekah, Olamide Ojo-Fati, Asma Adam, Hiba Sharif, Abdillahi Kahin, Abdirahman Mahamud, Diana Dubois, et al. "Text Message Support for Smoking Cessation During Ramadan: A Focus Group Study With Somali Immigrant Muslim Men." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 9 (October 30, 2019): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz187.
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Abstract Introduction Somali Muslim male immigrants in Minnesota have a high prevalence of smoking, estimated at 44%, compared with the average smoking rate for adults in the United States (14%). However, the literature has reported spontaneous reductions of smoking during Ramadan. This study sought to gather the views of Somali Muslim men on how faith impacts their smoking, and determine what messaging to incorporate into a tailored text messages intervention that draws on the Muslim faith beliefs and practices during Ramadan to promote smoking cessation. Methods Thirty-seven Somali adult male smokers were recruited from community settings to participate in one of five focus groups in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The research study team developed a semi-structured focus group guide that explored: (1) the experience of Muslim immigrants quitting smoking during Ramadan, (2) views on text messaging interventions to reduce smoking focusing on health and faith, and (3) views on the relationship between faith and smoking. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results Participants reported reductions in smoking during Ramadan, which was mostly achieved without formal treatment (ie, willpower). There was interest in text messaging interventions that incorporated faith and health-related messages, and that would be delivered around the time of Ramadan. Participants described concerns about the adverse health effects of smoking, including the risk of chronic health issues, cancer, and death. Conclusion Combining faith and health-related text-based messaging, and tailoring interventions around and beyond Ramadan, maybe a valuable approach to help address smoking disparities in the Somali immigrant community. Implications Ramadan offers a unique window of opportunity to intervene upon smoking for Somali Muslim immigrant men, for whom rates of smoking are high. Combining faith and health-related text-based messaging, and tailoring interventions around and beyond Ramadan, maybe a valuable approach to help address these serious smoking disparities.
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Reback, Cathy J., Deborah Ling, Steven Shoptaw, and Jane Rohde. "Developing a Text Messaging Risk Reduction Intervention for Methamphetamine-Using MSM: Research Note." Open AIDS Journal 4, no. 1 (May 14, 2010): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601004030116.
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Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use methamphetamine experience high risks for HIV infection due to sexual transmission behaviors often engaged in when under the influence of methamphetamine. Methamphetamine-using MSM use various forms of information technology (IT) communication such as instant messaging, social networking sites, and websites to facilitate a sexual and/or drug “hook up.” Given the acceptability of IT communication in their daily lives, an IT intervention represents an appropriate strategy to reach and intervene with out-of-treatment, methamphetamine-using MSM. The aim of this study was to conduct formative work to develop a text messaging intervention to reduce methamphetamine use and high-risk sexual behaviors among out-of-treatment MSM, which involved conducting focus groups, community partners’ meetings, and a pre-test intervention. These activities culminated in the development of a two-week, text-messaging intervention that delivered real-time electronic correspondence based on the behavioral change theories of Social Support Theory, Health Belief Model, and Social Cognitive Theory. The focus groups, community meetings, and pre-test were used to identify the IT communication device, the text messages that best support risk reduction and healthier behavioral choices, and logo, flyer and website development. The input and feedback from the target population and community partners were critical to the successful development of a culturally appropriate intervention. The knowledge gleaned from the formative work of this study will be vitally helpful in designing future IT studies.
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Li, Ye, Wei Wang, Qiong Wu, Michelle Helena van Velthoven, Li Chen, Xiaozhen Du, Yanfeng Zhang, Igor Rudan, and Josip Car. "Increasing the response rate of text messaging data collection: a delayed randomized controlled trial." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002845.
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Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of multiple interventions on increasing the response rate of text messaging for longitudinal data collection. Methods Our cohort included 283 caregivers of children aged 6–12 months who were participating in an anemia program in rural China. Using text messages to collect data on anemia medication adherence, we conducted a delayed randomized controlled trial to test multiple interventions (an additional four reminders; a ¥5.0 (US$0.79) credit reward for replying; and a feedback text message). After a 6-week pilot study with week 7 as the baseline measurement, we randomly allocated all participants into two groups: group 1 (n = 142) and group 2 (n = 141). During weeks 8–11, we introduced the interventions to group 1, and in weeks 12–15 the intervention was introduced to both groups. We compared the response rates between groups and explored factors affecting the response rate. Results During weeks 8–11, the response rates in group 1 increased and were significantly higher than in group 2 (p<0.05). During weeks 12–15, the response rate increased significantly in group 2 (p>0.05) and slightly decreased in group 1. Younger participants or participants who had children with lower hemoglobin concentration were more likely to reply (p = 0.02). Sending four reminders on the second day contributed to only 286 (11.7%) extra text messages. Discussion Our study showed that multiple interventions were effective in increasing response rate of text messaging data collection in rural China. Conclusions Larger multi-site studies are needed to find the most effective way of using these interventions to allow usage of text messaging data collection for health research.
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Whitley, Margaret D., Denise D. Payán, Karen R. Flórez, Malcolm V. Williams, Eunice C. Wong, Cheryl A. Branch, and Kathryn P. Derose. "Feasibility and acceptability of a mobile messaging program within a church-based healthy living intervention for African Americans and Latinos." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 880–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219853408.
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Church-based programs can act on multiple levels to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors among African Americans and Latinos. However, the effectiveness of these interventions may be limited due to challenges in reaching all congregants or influencing behavior outside of the church setting. To increase intervention impact, we sent mobile messages (text and email) in English or Spanish to congregants (n = 131) from predominantly African American or Latino churches participating in a multi-level, church-based program. To assess feasibility and acceptability, we collected feedback throughout the 4-month messaging intervention and conducted a process evaluation using the messaging platform. We found that the intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to a racially ethnically diverse study sample with high obesity and overweight rates. While the process evaluation had some limitations (e.g. low response rate), we conclude that mobile messaging is a promising, feasible addition to church-based programs aiming to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors.
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DeStasio, Krista L., Anne P. Hill, and Elliot T. Berkman. "Efficacy of an SMS-Based Smoking Intervention Using Message Self-Authorship: A Pilot Study." Journal of Smoking Cessation 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.27.
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Introduction: Text-message-based interventions hold great potential for intervention and are increasingly feasible, given advances in information technology.Aims: This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the efficacy of self-versus expert-authored content delivered via text-messaging for smoking cessation.Methods: Sixty-two participants aged 25–66 attended laboratory sessions pre- and post-30 days of text-messaging intervention. Participants were randomised to one of two experimental conditions – self-authorship (SA) only and SA with implementation intentions (SA+ii) – or active control. Participants composed 30–60 brief motivational cessation messages for use during their cessation attempt. SA+ii participants were further instructed to anticipate obstacles and form simple if-then plans to overcome them. Experimental groups received their self-authored texts during the intervention phase, whereas control participants received expert-authored messages.Results: Overall, smoking decreased as measured by change in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), F(1,59) = 4.43, p = 0.04. The SA+ii group showed slightly greater CO reduction (M = 3.63, SD = 5.39) than control (M = 0.03, SD = 5.80; t(40) = 2.08, p = 0.04). SA alone (M = 1.97, SD = 9.30) was not more effective than control.Conclusions: SA does not appear to increase efficacy. However, this pilot supports prior research, indicating that text-based interventions can increase smoking cessation success and may decrease psychological symptoms of withdrawal. Much research is needed to identify ways to bolster intervention efficacy.
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Prabhakaran, Lathy, Wai Yan Chee, Kia Chong Chua, John Abisheganaden, and Wai Mun Wong. "The use of text messaging to improve asthma control: a pilot study using the mobile phone short messaging service (SMS)." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 16, no. 5 (June 24, 2010): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2010.090809.
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We have evaluated the feasibility of using the mobile phone short message service (SMS) for symptom monitoring in patients with asthma. All consecutive patients admitted to hospital for asthma during an 11-month period were considered for enrolment ( n = 497). Those meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into a control ( n = 60) and intervention group ( n = 60). Patients in the intervention group received SMS messages according to a structured workflow, while patients in the control group had no SMS support. In the intervention group, the mean response rate to the messages was 82%. There was an improvement in the Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores in 36 subjects in the intervention group compared to 28 subjects in the control group. There were reductions in the number of nebulizations in 54 subjects in the control group compared to 50 subjects in the intervention group, and reductions in emergency department visits in 57 subjects in the control group compared to 51 subjects in the intervention group. However, none of these differences were significant. There was no reduction in admission rates in either group ( P = 0.5). The service was accepted by most patients, but its long-term effectiveness on the management of asthma remains to be determined.
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Griffiths, Henry. "The Acceptability and Feasibility of Using Text Messaging to Support the Delivery of Physical Health Care in those Suffering from a Psychotic Disorder: a Review of the Literature." Psychiatric Quarterly 91, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 1305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09847-x.
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Abstract Those suffering with serious mental illness (SMI), such as psychotic disorders, experience life expectancy 15 years shorter than the general population. Cardiovascular disease is the biggest cause of death in those with psychotic disease and many risk factors may be limited by healthy lifestyle choices. Text messaging interventions represent mobile health (mHealth), a nascent way to deliver physical health care to those suffering with a psychotic disorder. This paper aims to review the literature on the feasibility of text messaging to support the delivery of physical health care in those with a psychotic disorder. A thorough electronic database literature review of Medline via Ovid, Embase, APA Psycinfo, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science was conducted. Articles were included if text messaging was used as an intervention targeting the physical health of patients with psychotic disorders. A final sample of 11 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, of which, 3 were ongoing randomised controlled trials. Of the 8 completed trials, all demonstrated the promising feasibility of text messaging, assessed via quotes, conversation samples, response rates, questionnaires or directly based on physical results. 36% of studies analysed those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, 55% with SMI and 9% with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, mood disorders or anxiety disorders. Text messaging was used as motivation or reminders (91%), service delivery (27%) or social support (27%) with studies targeting multiple themes simultaneously. This review highlights compelling evidence for the feasibility of text messaging for improvement of physical health in those suffering with psychotic disorders.
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Constantino, Rose, Linden Wu, Dominique de la Cruz, Joseph Burroughs, JuHae Grace Hwang, Amanda Henderson, and Betty Braxter. "Exploring the Feasibility of Text Messaging Intervention in Intimate Partner Violence." Open Journal of Nursing 04, no. 07 (2014): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2014.47056.
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