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Jing, Ya, Chenyang Si, Junbo Wang, Wei Wang, Liang Wang, and Tieniu Tan. "Pose-Guided Multi-Granularity Attention Network for Text-Based Person Search." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 11189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6777.
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Text-based person search aims to retrieve the corresponding person images in an image database by virtue of a describing sentence about the person, which poses great potential for various applications such as video surveillance. Extracting visual contents corresponding to the human description is the key to this cross-modal matching problem. Moreover, correlated images and descriptions involve different granularities of semantic relevance, which is usually ignored in previous methods. To exploit the multilevel corresponding visual contents, we propose a pose-guided multi-granularity attention network (PMA). Firstly, we propose a coarse alignment network (CA) to select the related image regions to the global description by a similarity-based attention. To further capture the phrase-related visual body part, a fine-grained alignment network (FA) is proposed, which employs pose information to learn latent semantic alignment between visual body part and textual noun phrase. To verify the effectiveness of our model, we perform extensive experiments on the CUHK Person Description Dataset (CUHK-PEDES) which is currently the only available dataset for text-based person search. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 15 % in terms of the top-1 metric.
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Zhou, Junfeng, Baigang Huang, Wenjiao Fan, Ziqian Cheng, Zhuoyi Zhao, and Weifeng Zhang. "Text-based person search via local-relational-global fine grained alignment." Knowledge-Based Systems 262 (February 2023): 110253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110253.
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Andri Agus Yahya. "Android-Based Horspool Algorithm for Proverb Search." Instal : Jurnal Komputer 11, no. 01 (June 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/jurnalkomputer.v11i01.2.
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A proverb is a sentence or group of words that expresses a purpose or will, a state of a person, or a thing that says the behavior, actions, and things about a person that, although indirect, expresses something that the reader or listener can understand. Horspool algorithm simplifies the boyer-Moore algorithm, which in this text search is searched in large text to find the first pattern. Since the text sought can be so large (allowing hundreds of thousands of characters), it is essential to use more efficient techniques. Based on this, an android-based proverb search application was created to make it easier for someone to find proverbs because not everyone understands them, making it more practical and efficient in terms of its use without having to carry sayings in the form of print media such as books.
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Li, Yang, Huahu Xu, and Junsheng Xiao. "Hybrid Attention Network for Language-Based Person Search." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 5279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185279.
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Language-based person search retrieves images of a target person using natural language description and is a challenging fine-grained cross-modal retrieval task. A novel hybrid attention network is proposed for the task. The network includes the following three aspects: First, a cubic attention mechanism for person image, which combines cross-layer spatial attention and channel attention. It can fully excavate both important midlevel details and key high-level semantics to obtain better discriminative fine-grained feature representation of a person image. Second, a text attention network for language description, which is based on bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) and self-attention mechanism. It can better learn the bidirectional semantic dependency and capture the key words of sentences, so as to extract the context information and key semantic features of the language description more effectively and accurately. Third, a cross-modal attention mechanism and a joint loss function for cross-modal learning, which can pay more attention to the relevant parts between text and image features. It can better exploit both the cross-modal and intra-modal correlation and can better solve the problem of cross-modal heterogeneity. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the CUHK-PEDES dataset. Our approach obtains higher performance than state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating the advantage of the approach we propose.
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Wang, Chengji, Zhiming Luo, Yaojin Lin, and Shaozi Li. "Improving embedding learning by virtual attribute decoupling for text-based person search." Neural Computing and Applications 34, no. 7 (January 7, 2022): 5625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06734-9.
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Akimoto, Shohei, Tomokazu Takahashi, Masato Suzuki, Yasuhiko Arai, and Seiji Aoyagi. "Human Detection by Fourier Descriptors and Fuzzy Color Histograms with Fuzzyc-Means Method." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 4 (August 19, 2016): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0491.
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[abstFig src='/00280004/07.jpg' width='300' text='Result of specific person detection in Tsukuba Challenge' ] It is difficult to use histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) or other gradient-based features to detect persons in outdoor environments given that the background or scale undergoes considerable changes. This study involved the segmentation of depth images. Additionally, P-type Fourier descriptors were extracted as shape features from two-dimensional coordinates of a contour in the segmentation domains. With respect to the P-type Fourier descriptors, a person detector was created with the fuzzyc-means method (for general person detection). Furthermore, a fuzzy color histogram was extracted in terms of color features from the RGB values of the domain surface. With respect to the fuzzy color histogram, a detector of a person wearing specific clothes was created with the fuzzyc-means method (specific person detection). The study includes the following characteristics: 1) The general person detection requires less number of images used for learning and is robust against a change in the scale when compared to that in cases in which HOG or other methods are used. 2) The specific person detection gives results close to those obtained by human color vision when compared to the color indices such as RGB or CIEDE. This method was applied for a person search application at the Tsukuba Challenge, and the obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Farooq, Ammarah, Muhammad Awais, Josef Kittler, and Syed Safwan Khalid. "AXM-Net: Implicit Cross-Modal Feature Alignment for Person Re-identification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 4477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20370.
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Cross-modal person re-identification (Re-ID) is critical for modern video surveillance systems. The key challenge is to align cross-modality representations conforming to semantic information present for a person and ignore background information. This work presents a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture designed to learn semantically aligned cross-modal visual and textual representations. The underlying building block, named AXM-Block, is a unified multi-layer network that dynamically exploits the multi-scale knowledge from both modalities and re-calibrates each modality according to shared semantics. To complement the convolutional design, contextual attention is applied in the text branch to manipulate long-term dependencies. Moreover, we propose a unique design to enhance visual part-based feature coherence and locality information. Our framework is novel in its ability to implicitly learn aligned semantics between modalities during the feature learning stage. The unified feature learning effectively utilizes textual data as a super-annotation signal for visual representation learning and automatically rejects irrelevant information. The entire AXM-Net is trained end-to-end on CUHK-PEDES data. We report results on two tasks, person search and cross-modal Re-ID. The AXM-Net outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods and achieves 64.44% Rank@1 on the CUHK-PEDES test set. It also outperforms by >10% for cross-viewpoint text-to-image Re-ID scenarios on CrossRe-ID and CUHK-SYSU datasets.
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Prasai, Surya Bahadur. "Cultural Displacement in V.S. Naipaul's A House for Mr. Biswas." Batuk 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/batuk.v9i1.51903.
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This paper examines the literary text A House for Mr. Biswas in order to explore psychological, geographical, cultural and social alienation and displacement of the migrant people. It makes exploration of how the central character, Mohan Biswas makes the search for identity based on cultural root. Displacement gives birth to the feeling of rootness. Biswas is displaced again and again exclusively as well as inclusively. The people who migrate to other countries for any reason feel the nostalgia for their homeland left behind and a feeling of fear on the strange land that gives birth to the feeling of homelessness. The text explains the difficulties and psychological anguish which create the feeling of alienation and fragmentation within a person in the colonial world. The novel attempts to reveal the hardships of the postcolonial people, endure in their search for self- identity and self-esteem in Caribbean society. V.S. Naipaul presents his experience of dislocation through the central character, who struggles for survival and feels alienated, fragmented, dislocated, and rootless. So, this research paper explores Naipaul's experience of displacement and the struggle of the protagonist in the postcolonial milieu.
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Kowacki, K. "In Search of Individual and Social Sense." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 23 (June 30, 2023): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i23.283581.
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Purpose. The author of this article aims to present and analyze the views of Józef Maria Bocheński concerning the issue of the question of life’s sense based on the text "Sens życia i inne eseje". From the philosopher’s reflections under the theme of the impossibility of life’s sense in the case of community, the author analyzes Ukrainian society and tries to find an answer to the question, can the human community’s sense exist? Among the tasks are the following: to apply the views of Barry and Janae Weinhold and the polyvagal theory of Stephen Porges; to express reflections on individual and social sense; indicate the potential reasons for the failure in searching for the Ukrainian national idea before Russia’s attack on Ukraine in February 2022, as well as identify general trends in the development of the Ukrainian idea as a result of Russia’s war against Ukraine. Theoretical basis. The methodological basis of the investigation is an analysis, synthesis, generalization, and analogy. Given the interdisciplinary approach, historical and psychological methods were used. It is noted that the most important feature of any group is interaction, which unites a number of other features into a single whole. Exactly the lack of interaction in Ukraine that necessitated the search for a national idea. After a full-scale Russian attack on Ukraine in 2022, there is a huge possibility to work through Ukrainian traumas, create a common identity, without an artificial division into West and East, and rebuild the state. Originality. The paper combines philosophical reflections and the latest psychological developments; in their application, firstly, in the universal plane, which applies to every person, and secondly, in relation to the Ukrainian, due to its history and politics. Conclusions. It has been argued that the search for the authentic sense of life occurs when a person has reworked their traumas and attained a stable state of mental health, when subconscious factors do not control a person. By analogy, the thesis is put forward that Ukrainian society must undergo psychotherapy, to overcome its historical, and military traumas. As a result of the brutal war, rapid integration processes are possible, the whole Ukrainian society is aware of the need to switch exclusively to the Ukrainian language and rethink Ukrainian identity and statehood, build a new historical narrative on the heroic attitude of Ukrainian society, new Ukrainian heroes, dead and alive. It is possible to use the Russian attack as a unifying factor for all Ukrainians, creating a sense of community, creating a modern image of Ukraine in the international arena as a defender of democratic rights, Europe, rethinking its history and in particular Ukrainian-Russian and Ukrainian-Polish relations; indicate the need to process new traumatic experiences.
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Coates, Mildred. "Search engine queries used to locate electronic theses and dissertations." Library Hi Tech 32, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 667–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-02-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine two research questions: What search engine queries lead users to the Auburn University electronic theses and dissertations (AUETDs) collection? Do these queries vary for users in different locations and, if so, how? Design/methodology/approach – Search engine queries used to locate the AUETDs collection were obtained from Google Analytics and were separated into groups based on user location. These queries were assigned to empirically derived categories based on their content. Findings – Most local users’ queries contained person names, variants for thesis or dissertation, and variants for Auburn University. Over a third were queries for the AUETDs collection, while the remainder were seeking theses and dissertations from specific Auburn researchers. Most out-of-state users’ queries contained title and subject keywords and appeared to be seeking specific research studies. Queries from users located within the state but outside of the local area were intermediate between these groups. Practical implications – Over two-thirds of visits to the AUETDs collection were made by search engine users which reinforces the importance of having repository content indexed by search engines such as Google. The specificity of their queries indicates that full-text indexing will be more helpful to users than metadata indexing alone. Originality/value – This is the first detailed analysis of search engine queries used to locate an ETDs collection. It may also be the last, as query content for the major search engines is no longer available from Google Analytics.
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Tshering, Younten, Sonam Dorji, and Thinley Wangmo. "User Friendly Android-based Contact Application: Case of Accessible Contact in Educational Organization." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46918.
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Abstract: In a digital era, people prefer to use smart gadgets and it is growing to be instrumental in daily lives. The features of the smartphone are also evolving, leading to effectiveness for end users. With such an aim, an android-based contact application was developed that would benefit an organization. As an interim measure, this application is based on Jigme Namgyel Engineering College under the Royal University of Bhutan. Currently, this organization do not have a 'contact application' that can be used as a digital phonebook. Therefore, the entire faculty, staff, and students have to search for contact details through person-to-person communication leading to several inconveniences. This android base application called JNEC Contact made contact detail of the college’s staff available and accessible to staff and students without an internet connection. This application is implemented specifically for JNEC to ease the difficulties of acquiring contact information of faculty and staff. The application titled JNEC Contact has other features such as text messages and mail-to-direct correspondence. It is known to be more comfortable, efficient, and user-friendly to find a contact, unlike the phonebook. The current version of the application has limited compatibility with the android version only, but it can be developed for IOS phones in the future.
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Cahyo Prianto, Dian Markuci, and Syafrial Fachri Pane. "IMPLEMENTASI SPELLING CORRECTOR UNTUK MENGATASI TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR PADA FITUR PENCARIAN APLIKASI KAMUS ISTILAH INFORMATIKA." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Bidang Teknik Informatika 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47111/jti.v17i1.5520.
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Information needs can arise because of a knowledge gap in a person with the necessary information needs, one of which is knowledge in the field of computers and informatics, especially related to terms in the computer field. Therefore we need a system that makes it easy for users to meet the information needs needed by building a digital dictionary application related to computer terms and informatics by utilizing the search engine features in it. Search activities are carried out daily to meet information needs. However, an error that is often unavoidable in performing a search is a typing error in the query. As a result, the information sought is not as expected. Based on this, we need a system that can identify typographical errors in the search text. So in this research, a website-based dictionary of computer and informatics terms will be developed by applying Peter Norvig's spelling corrector using the Python language with the flask framework. The implementation results show that Peter Norvig's spelling corrector method can be applied to computer and informatics term dictionary applications. This can be seen at the level of accuracy reaching 89% in correcting 180 word variations that contain typographical errors based on the highest probability of each possible word in the corpus. However, there is a lack of this spelling corrector method, it is still difficult to overcome typos in spelling abbreviations and typographical errors that exceed 1 letter
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Karapetian, Karine K., and E. M. Vasilchenko. "VALUE OF THE SOCIAL FACTORS WHEN DETERMINING ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR THE DISABLED PERSONS." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 21, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2018): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9537-2018-21-3-120-125.
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One of the key aspects of the rehabilitation process of a disabled person is providing them with assistive devices (AD). Effective and efficient prescription (EEP) of AD is a vital issue in rehabilitation practices around the world. Study objective. To conduct a literature search for evidence-based findings on social factors supporting EEP of AD in rehabilitation practices in the rest of the world. Study methodology included analytical data retrieval using relevant keywords in the national databases, journals and other sources. Results. Altogether, 8825 publications were reviewed. Out of those 8825 papers 86 were selected for a full text analysis. The most relevant publications were used to achieve the study objective. Conclusions. Physical, psychosocial, economical, spiritual and environmental factors should be considered in pursuance of EEP of AD. Multidisciplinary approach is essential in managing such a complex issue.
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Taylor, Mark, and Denis Reilly. "Knowledge representation for missing persons investigations." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 19, no. 1/2 (March 13, 2017): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-08-2016-0051.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the application of situation calculus for knowledge representation in missing persons investigations. Design/methodology/approach The development of a knowledge representation model for the missing persons investigation process based upon situation calculus, with a demonstration of the use of the model for a missing persons example case. Findings Situation calculus is valuable for knowledge representation for missing persons investigations, as such investigations have state changes over time, and due to the complexity of the differing investigation activities applicable to different situations, can be difficult to represent using simpler approaches such as tables or flowcharts. Research limitations/implications Situation calculus modelling for missing persons investigations adds formalism to the process beyond that which can be afforded by the current use of text, tables or flowcharts. The additional formalism is useful in dealing with the uncertainty present in such investigations. Practical implications The implications are a simplification of the application of the current police guidelines, and thoroughness in the application of such guidelines for missing persons investigations via situation calculus modelling. Social implications This paper supports the management of missing person investigations, by using the most critical variables in a missing persons investigation to determine relevant investigation and search activities applicable to the circumstances of a given case. Originality/value The novelty of the knowledge representation approach is the application of situation calculus via state and action vectors and a matrix of fluents to the process of missing persons investigations.
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Allen, Luke N., Shona Mackinnon, Iris Gordon, David Blane, Ana Patricia Marques, Stephen Gichuhi, Alice Mwangi, et al. "Performance and Resource Requirements of In-Person, Voice Call, and Automated Telephone-Based Socioeconomic Data Collection Modalities for Community-Based Health Programs." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 11 (November 28, 2022): e2243883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43883.
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ImportanceGathering data on socioeconomic status (SES) is a prerequisite for health programs that aim to improve equity. There is a lack of evidence on which approaches offer the best combination of reliability, cost, and acceptability.ObjectiveTo compare the performance of different approaches to gathering data on SES in community health programs.Data SourcesA search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and OpenGrey from 1999 to June 29, 2021, was conducted, with no language limits. Google Scholar was also searched and the reference lists of included articles were checked to identify further studies. The search was performed on June 29, 2021.Study SelectionAny empirical study design was eligible if it compared 2 or more modalities to elicit SES data from the following 3 categories: in-person, voice call, or automated telephone-based systems.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and extracted data. They also assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane tools and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Findings were synthesized thematically without meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresResponse rate, equivalence, time, costs, and acceptability to patients and health care professionals.ResultsThe searches returned 3943 records. The 11 included studies reported data on 14 036 individuals from 7 countries, collecting data on 11 socioeconomic domains using 2 or more of the following modes: in-person surveys, computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATIs), and 2 types of automated data collection: interactive voice response calls (IVRs) and web surveys. Response rates were greater than 80% for all modes except IVRs. Equivalence was high across all modes (Cohen κ > 0.5). There were insufficient data to make robust time and cost comparisons. Patients reported high levels of acceptability providing data via IVRs, web surveys, and CATIs.Conclusions and RelevanceSelecting an appropriate and cost-effective modality to elicit SES data is an important first step toward advancing equitable effective service coverage. This systematic review did not identify evidence that remote and automated data collection modes differed from human-led and in-person approaches in terms of reliability, cost, or acceptability.
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Allen, Luke Nelson, Shona Mackinnon, Iris Gordon, David Blane, Ana Patricia Marques, Stephen Gichuhi, Alice Mwangi, et al. "Performance and resource requirements of in-person versus voice call versus automated telephone-based socioeconomic data collection modalities for community-based health programmes: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e057410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057410.
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IntroductionGathering data on socioeconomic status (SES) is a prerequisite for any health programme that aims to assess and improve the equitable distribution of its outcomes. Many different modalities can be used to collect SES data, ranging from (1) face-to-face elicitation, to (2) telephone-administered questionnaires, to (3) automated text message-based systems. The relative costs and perceived benefits to patients and providers of these different data collection approaches is unknown. This protocol is for a systematic review that aims to compare the resource requirements, performance characteristics, and acceptability to participants and service providers of these three approaches to collect SES data from those enrolled in health programmes.Methods and analysisAn information specialist will conduct searches on the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO ICTRP and OpenGrey. All databases will be searched from 1999 to present with no language limits used. We will also search Google Scholar and check the reference lists of relevant articles for further potentially eligible studies. Any empirical study design will be eligible if it compares two or more modalities to elicit SES data from the following three; in-person, voice call, or automated phone-based systems. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles; and complete data extraction. For each study, we will extract data on the modality characteristics, primary outcomes (response rate and equivalence) and secondary outcomes (time, costs and acceptability to patients and providers). We will synthesise findings thematically without meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as our review will include published and publicly accessible data. This review is part of a project to improve equitable access to eye care services in low-ioncome and middle-income countries. However, the findings will be useful to policy-makers and programme managers in a range of health settings and non-health settings. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal and develop an accessible summary of results for website posting and stakeholder meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021251959.
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Pleasants, Elizabeth, Sylvia Guendelman, Karen Weidert, and Ndola Prata. "Quality of top webpages providing abortion pill information for Google searches in the USA: An evidence-based webpage quality assessment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): e0240664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240664.
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Background In the United States, the internet is widely used to seek health information. Despite an estimated 18 million Google searches on abortion per year and the demonstrated importance of the abortion pill as an option for pregnancy termination, the top webpage search results for abortion pill searches, as well as the content and quality of those webpages, are not well understood. Methods We used Google’s Custom Search Application Programming Interface (API) to identify the top 10 webpages presented for “abortion pill” searches on August 06, 2018. We developed a comprehensive, evidence-based Family Planning Webpage Quality Assessment Tool (FPWQAT), which was used to assess webpage quality for the five top webpages presenting text-based educational content. Results Of the top webpages for “abortion pill” searches, a plannedparenthood.com page was the top result and scored highest on our assessment (81%), providing high-quality and useable information. The other four webpages, a Wikipedia.com page and three anti-abortion information webpages, scored much lower on our assessment (14%-43%). These four webpages had lower quality of information in less useable formats. The anti-abortion pages also presented a variety of disinformation about the abortion pill. Conclusions Both the lack of accurate clinical content on the majority of top webpages and the concerning disinformation they contained raise concerns about the quality of online abortion pill information, while underlining challenges posed by Google search results to informed choice for consumers. Healthcare providers and consumers must be informed of online abortion pill content that is not based in current clinical evidence, while advocates and policymakers should push for online information that is credible and useable. These changes are imperative given the importance of sound abortion pill information for reproductive decision-making at a time when in-person abortion services are further challenged in the US.
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Prilukova, Ekaterina, and Denis Rakovsky. "Meanings of social reality representation in the subculture of a creolized text (as exemplified by the Russian musical genre of chanson)." Socium i vlast 1 (2023): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2023-1-109-116.
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Introduction. The rapid dynamics of the present world results in its complication and construction. Reality turns out to be woven from many quote fragments, representing a collage that a person creates and comprehends through the prism of various texts. Constantly transformable forms come to the fore and, as a result, there exists a plurality of meanings. Models of the world are continuously generated, replacing the actual reality with a multi- tude of spectacular simulacra. The search for ways to comprehend reality through the identification of markers of its transformations is noted, and under- standing becomes the basis of ontology and one of the dominants of consciousness in the last quarter of the 20th and first quarter of the 21st centuries. Signs and symbols of subculture, determined by the context of culture and presented by various means, become one of the markers of the social reality transformations. The purpose of the study is to show the markers of the transformation of the total communication society. Methods. Methodological framework is in G. Gadamer’s hermeneutic approach and the provi- sions of M. Halliday’s social semiotics to coding/de- coding the meanings of operators-markers of social transformations. In addition, other methods were used in the work - methods of analogy, analysis and synthesis. Fragments of the study devoted to the study of chanson as a creolized text required the use of a systematic method. Scientific novelty of the research. The authors re- vealed the specificity of the chanson as a creolized text and present understanding of the subculture as a marker of the social reality transformations, which is manifested by sign-symbolic forms of con- tinuously generated creolized texts, thanks to the technique and technologies of communication. Results. Markers of social reality transformations represent them in the format of creolized texts. What is broadcast in them is filled with a person and, consequently, his responsibility for their con- tent is growing. Semiotic methodology based on the synthesis of the intellectual capital of hermeneutics and linguistics makes it possible for us to consider them as a product of human sign-symbolic activity and decode the content. Conclusions. The specificity of human existence is determined by the existence of a person in the lin- guistic aspect of the world around him - the world is given by language, which involves the search for meaning and understanding of the world. Thinking and language are ontologically connected: mean- ing is expressed by linguistic means. Although the nature of the markers of social reality transforma- tions is different, nevertheless, it is presented and framed as a text, the understanding of which is one of the ways to comprehend social reality.
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Hobson, Tania Kate, Anneke Fitzgerald, and Katrina Radford. "In Search of A Contemporary Definition of Meaningful Engagement: A systematic literature review." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i4.485.
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Consumer engagement is emerging as an important trend in a contemporary health care environment. Yet, a universal definition of meaningful consumer engagement has not been determined. This paper presents our systematic literature review findings, which intended to consolidate the definition of consumer engagement (or related terms) in the context of health care to date to arrive at a definition for meaningful consumer engagement in healthcare. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsychINFO in June 2021. Using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms, Emtree search headings and free text words, a total of 82 records were identified. After reviewing in line with PRISMA methodology, 23 articles were considered relevant to the development of the definition of consumer engagement. The methodology of these papers was analysed using the revised Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) (2018). A total of 13 of these papers were then further analysed for a definition of meaningful consumer engagement or characteristics of consumer engagement. None of the definitions found comprehensively defined meaningful consumer engagement but instead, five described meaningful consumer engagement. Therefore, a new definition of meaningful consumer engagement is proposed, which is based upon the synthesis of the characteristics of meaningful consumer engagement and person-centred care. This new definition speaks to what is it means to be consumers of health care rather than patients and acknowledged the importance of the reciprocity of the exchange relationship of ‘consumers’, the importance of leadership, and the emerging evidence around diversity and inclusion trust and partnership which requires active involvement and participation.
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Wieczorek, Krzysztof. "“Phase transition” between Confrontation and Dialogue in the Light of the Concept of the Unity Charism." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 22, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2016): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2016-0015.
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Abstract In the twenties of the last century the process of building a new type of philosophical culture began, based on the sensitivity towards another person, the recognition of values and dignity of the person and the search for platforms of dialogue and compromise between people. However, it did not gain a broad social resonance. The 20th Century became the scene of the triumph of totalitarianisms, based on the idea of collectivism and marked by the contempt towards the individual, his rights and needs. In the post-war reality environments favouring the humanization of the culture of coexistence earned a voice, but they too did not manage to divert the tendency towards building a bureaucratic and technocratic order. In this kind of system, the person feels reduced to his instrumental functions, and the dialogue submerged in the world of humanistic values becomes a distant and unequalled dream. This text undertakes the problem of the conditions which must be met in order for the tendency towards dialogue and mutual respect to prevail over the hostile, confrontational approach, which characterizes many contemporary social environments. The author suggests that we refer to the analogy with the thermodynamics phenomenon, phase transition, and consider the notion of spiritual energy (the analogue of the physical term enthalpy) as an agent regulating the internal disposition of the individual to “freeze” or “thaw” relations with his fellow human beings. The key thesis is that the most important source of energy indispensable to move from confrontation to dialogue lies in the resources of religious experience- the openness to the grace flowing from the transcendental reality, and the guides on the path to discovering this source are the witnesses of faith- among them the spiritual heirs of Chiara Lubich’s charism.
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León-Figueroa, Darwin A., Joshuan J. Barboza, Edwin A. Garcia-Vasquez, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Milagros Diaz-Torres, Hortencia M. Saldaña-Cumpa, Melissa T. Diaz-Murillo, Olga Campos-Santa Cruz, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Epidemiological Situation of Monkeypox Transmission by Possible Sexual Contact: A Systematic Review." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100267.
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Monkeypox (MPX), a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has re-emerged worldwide with numerous confirmed cases with person-to-person transmission through close contacts, including in sexual networks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological situation of monkeypox transmission by possible sexual contact. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 18 August 2022. The key search terms used were “monkeypox”, “sexual contact”, “sexual intercourse” and “sexual transmission”. A total of 1291 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After eliminating duplicates (n = 738) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 28 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with a detailed description of clinical features, sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location and course of skin lesions, and treatment were included. A total of 4222 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 3876 monkeypox cases are the result of transmission by sexual contact distributed in twelve countries: 4152 cases were male with a mean age of 36 years. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise, and painful perianal and genital lesions. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, oral, trunk, upper and lower extremities. Patients were in good clinical condition, with treatment based on analgesics and antipyretics to relieve some symptoms of monkeypox. A high proportion of STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms were found, suggesting transmissibility through local inoculation during close skin-to-skin or mucosal contact during sexual activity. The highest risk of monkeypox transmission occurs in men who have sex with men, and MPXV DNA could be recovered in seminal fluid. It is essential to establish health policies for the early detection and management of patients with monkeypox.
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Lisin, V. A., and E. A. Sidorova. "Web Platform for Folklore Research Based on Domain Ontology." Vestnik NSU. Series: Information Technologies 19, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7900-2021-19-2-53-64.
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In this paper, we take a close look at a web platform that provides the tools necessary for working with folklore materials and conducting scientific research based on them. Folklore studies consist of working with audio and video materials, which contain the reproduction of elements of folk art in national languages, creating specific text recordings with translation and comments, written in a public language, and building a picture of the worlds based on available resources. To structure and present this content, we use an ontology-based approach, which allows linguists to describe not only the resources, but also subject knowledge in the Semantic Web style, i.e. using hierarchies of classes, objects and relationships between them. The main feature of folklore research is the need for synchronization of translations, which is achieved by creating a parallel corpora of texts, and the ability to label texts with entities of the subject area, which is called semantic markup. Moreover, each corpus is connected with a certain nationality and has both its own national language and unique system of concepts of the world around it. Such representation imposes many non-standard requirements for the platform, such as working with arbitrary languages, supporting many ontologies, ensuring the creation and editing of national subject ontologies, semantic text markup, presentation, navigation, and search across heterogeneous resources. The developed platform provides all the necessary tools for research, including tools for the development of ontologies in specific national subject areas and manual annotation of texts in real time by several specialists. Resources of the web-platform are located in the resource ontology, which includes such concepts as corpus, video resource, audio resource, graphic image, person, geographical location, genre of text, etc. Ontologies of subject areas are presented in the form of a hierarchy, where the ontology of universals, common to all folklore studies, is located at the top level. At the same time, inherited ontologies are specialized for each represented national corpus. The web application is built with Python Django framework and the TypeScript React library. Data storage is implemented using the Postgres database.
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Jamil, Wasim, Åke Svensson, Anna Josefson, Magnus Lindberg, and Laura Von Kobyletzki. "Incidence Rate of Hand Eczema in Different Occupations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 102 (March 25, 2022): adv00681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v102.360.
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Hand eczema is a chronic disease that results in economic and psychosocial burdens. The aim of this study was to systematically review and assess the magnitude of the association between exposure related to occupations and the incidence rate of hand eczema. A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases, from inception to September 2017, of full-text observational studies reporting incident cases of hand eczema during employment, and a supplementary search in PubMed to September 2020, were conducted. Among 2,417 screened abstracts, 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Incidence rates were reported per 100 person-years. Based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, 9 studies were good quality, 2 fair quality, and 4 poor quality. Hairdressers had a high incidence of hand eczema of 21.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.3–27.4), as did nurses, 16.9 (95% CI 11.2–22.7), and metal workers, 12.4 (95% CI 3.5–21.3). Hairdressers were predominantly women, and metal worker were predominantly men. Office occupations had an incidence rate of hand eczema of 4.9 (95% CI 1.2–9.6). The high risk of hand eczema for hairdressers, nurses, and metal workers, should be considered by healthcare policymakers. Even occupations with low irritant profile, such as office workers, were at risk of developing hand eczema, and more occupations should be investigated regarding the related risk of developing hand eczema.
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Larkovich, Dmitrii V. "The Myth of the Eternal Return in Eremey Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 15 (2021): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/15/10.
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The title of the new novel by the Yugra writer Eremey Aipin In Search of the Primordial Land, first published in Russian in 2019, contains an obvious reference to the cultural tradition and suggests the possibility of a scholarly reading of a literary text from the perspective of mythopoetics. The novel organically continues the attitude characteristic of all Aipin’s previous works. This attitude clearly discerns the writer’s desire to see the essence of modern life realities through the prism of traditional values enshrined in the myths and legends of his people. In Aipin’s artistic picture of the world, myth does not just appear as one of its elements. It enters the very flesh of this world, constitutes its foundation, its pivotal ontological and axiological axis. Aipin does not limit himself to the role of a popularizer of the mythological repertoire of the Khanty people. On the basis of traditional images, plots and motives, he builds his own mythological paradigm, in which the system of national and universal values is superimposed on the personal life experience of the author and his heroes. This fundamentally determines the basic principles of Aipin’s artistic expression organization. The article aims to reveal the meaning-forming role of the myth of the eternal return in Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land and to characterize the means of its artistic actualization in the text. During the research, the results of the latest developments in the field of philological regional studies and mythopoetics were taken into account. The analysis of the novel in the context of the traditional culture of the indigenous peoples of Yugra shows that Aipin inextricably connects reflections on the historical fate of Russia with the fate of a person. Despite the fact that the novel is based on the dramatic events of a worldwide scale, it is full of high optimistic sound. According to Aipin’s idea, Russia, which is at the turn of the millennium, is experiencing a situation of the “second world flood”, since the human community lost its spiritual values. The protagonist of the novel is the artist Matvey Taishin. He goes through difficult life trials, but acquires the desired sense of being; he finds it in love and in the awareness of the need to continue life. Using the example of Taishin, Aipin convincingly demonstrates that the revival of Russia is impossible without recognizing its cultural and spiritual origins, without moving towards its own metal Primordial Land. It is this saving path, based on the return to the eternal, timeless values, that will give Russia the opportunity to realize its historical destiny and overcome the state of chaos and decay. The article is the first experience of a conceptual and contextual analysis of Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land in Russian literary criticism, which constitutes the novelty of the research.
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Rojas-Galeano, Sergio, Jorge Posada, and Esteban Ordoñez. "A Bibliometric Perspective on AI Research for Job-Résumé Matching." Scientific World Journal 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8002363.
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The search for the right person for the right job, or in other words the selection of the candidate who best reflects the skills demanded by employers to perform a specific set of duties in a job appointment, is a key premise of the personnel selection pipeline of recruitment departments. This task is usually performed by human experts who examine the résumé or curriculum vitae of candidates in search of the right skills necessary to fit the vacant position. Recent advances in AI, specifically in the fields of text analytics and natural language processing, have sparked the interest of research on the application of these technologies to help recruiters accomplish this task or part of it automatically, applying algorithms for information extraction, parsing, representation, and matching of résumés and job descriptions, or sections within. In this study, we aim to better understand how the research landscape in this field has evolved. To do this, we follow a multifaceted bibliometric approach aimed at identifying trends, dynamics, structures, and visual mapping of the most relevant topics, highly cited or influential papers, authors, and universities working on these topics, based on a publication record retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar bibliographic databases. We conclude that, unlike a traditional literature review, the bibliometric-guided approach allowed us to discover a more comprehensive picture of the evolution of research in this subject and to clearly identify paradigm shifts from the earliest stages to the most recent efforts proposed to address this problem.
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Buro, Acadia W., Sylvia L. Crowder, Emily Rozen, Marilyn Stern, and Tiffany L. Carson. "Lifestyle Interventions with Mind-Body or Stress-Management Practices for Cancer Survivors: A Rapid Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043355.
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This rapid review examined current evidence on lifestyle interventions with stress-management or mind-body practices that assessed dietary and/or physical activity outcomes among cancer survivors. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO based on Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group rapid review recommendations using the keywords “diet,” “physical activity,” “mind-body,” “stress,” and “intervention.” Of the 3624 articles identified from the initial search, 100 full-text articles were screened, and 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on post-treatment cancer survivors and were conducted in-person. Theoretical frameworks were reported for five studies. Only one study was tailored for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors, and none included pediatric survivors. Nine studies reported race and/or ethnicity; six reported that ≥90% participants were White. Many reported significant findings for diet and/or physical activity-related outcomes, but few used complete, validated dietary intake methods (e.g., 24-h recall; n = 5) or direct measures of physical activity (e.g., accelerometry; n = 4). This review indicated recent progress on evaluating lifestyle interventions with stress-management or mind-body practices for cancer survivors. Larger controlled trials investigating innovative, theory-based, personalized interventions that address stress and health behaviors in cancer survivors—particularly racial/ethnic minority and pediatric and AYA populations—are needed.
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Irvin, Liam, Leigh A. Madden, Phil Marshall, and Rebecca V. Vince. "Digital Health Solutions for Weight Loss and Obesity: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 15, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081858.
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Personal exercise programmes have long been used and prescribed for weight loss and the improvement of quality of life in obese patients. While individualised programmes are usually the preferred option, they can be more costly and challenging to deliver in person. A move to digital programmes with a wider reach has commenced, and demand has increased due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this review, we evaluate the current status of digital exercise programme delivery and its evolution over the past decade, with a focus on personalisation. We used specific keywords to search for articles that met our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to provide valuable evidence and insights for future research. We identified 55 studies in total in four key areas of focus, from the more recent development of apps and personal digital assistants to web-based programmes and text or phone call interventions. In summary, we observed that apps may be useful for a low-intensity approach and can improve adherence to programmes through self-monitoring, but they are not always developed in an evidence-based manner. Engagement and adherence are important determinants of weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. Generally, professional support is required to achieve weight loss goals.
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Sedgwick, Rosemary, André Bittar, Herkiran Kalsi, Tamara Barack, Johnny Downs, and Rina Dutta. "Investigating online activity in UK adolescent mental health patients: a feasibility study using a natural language processing approach for electronic health records." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (May 2023): e061640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061640.
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ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using a natural language processing (NLP) application for extraction of free-text online activity mentions in adolescent mental health patient electronic health records (EHRs).SettingThe Clinical Records Interactive Search system allows detailed research based on deidentified EHRs from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, a large south London Mental Health Trust providing secondary and tertiary mental healthcare.Participants and methodsWe developed a gazetteer of online activity terms and annotation guidelines, from 5480 clinical notes (200 adolescents, aged 11–17 years) receiving specialist mental healthcare. The preprocessing and manual curation steps of this real-world data set allowed development of a rule-based NLP application to automate identification of online activity (internet, social media, online gaming) mentions in EHRs. The context of each mention was also recorded manually as: supportive, detrimental or neutral in a subset of data for additional analysis.ResultsThe NLP application performed with good precision (0.97) and recall (0.94) for identification of online activity mentions. Preliminary analyses found 34% of online activity mentions were considered to have been documented within a supportive context for the young person, 38% detrimental and 28% neutral.ConclusionOur results provide an important example of a rule-based NLP methodology to accurately identify online activity recording in EHRs, enabling researchers to now investigate associations with a range of adolescent mental health outcomes.
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van Leeuwen, Guido J., Evelien IT de Schepper, Michael S. Rathleff, Patrick JE Bindels, Sita MA Bierma-Zeinstra, and Marienke van Middelkoop. "Incidence and management of Osgood–Schlatter disease in general practice: retrospective cohort study." British Journal of General Practice 72, no. 717 (November 29, 2021): e301-e306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp.2021.0386.
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BackgroundOsgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is a non-traumatic knee problem that is primarily observed in sports-active children and adolescents aged 8–15 years.AimTo determine the incidence of OSD and to gain an insight into the management of children and adolescents with OSD in general practice.Design and settingA retrospective cohort study was conducted using a healthcare database containing full electronic health records of over 200 000 patients in general practice in and around the Dutch city of Rotterdam.MethodPatients with a new diagnosis of OSD from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017 were extracted using a search algorithm based on International Classification of Primary Health Care coding and search terms in free text. Data on the management of OSD were manually interpreted.ResultsThe mean incidence over the study period was 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5 to 4.2) per 1000 person–years in those aged 8–18 years. Boys had a higher incidence rate of 4.9 (95% CI = 4.3 to 5.5) compared with girls (2.7, 95% CI = 2.3 to 3.2). Peak incidence was at 12 years of age for boys and 11 years for girls. Advice was the most commonly applied strategy (55.1%), followed by rest (21.0%), referral for imaging (19.5%), and physiotherapy (13.4%).ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge, for the first time the incidence of OSD has been calculated using GP electronic medical files. There is a discrepancy, especially for imaging and referral to a medical specialist, between the current Dutch general practice guidelines and how GPs actually manage the condition in clinical practice.
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McGhan, Gwen, Fiona Clement, Natalie Ludlow, Jessica Lee, Michelle Cheng, and Deirdre McCaughey. "VALUE-BASED HEALTHCARE AS A FRAMEWORK OF CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR FAMILY CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.498.
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Abstract Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is a term synonymous with the pursuit of greater value in healthcare, however, the term “value” lacks conceptual clarity. Using Porter’s 2010 seminal VBHC shows promise for placing the older adult and their family caregiver at the center of care models, which is a central tenet in healthcare value. The purpose of our study is to conceptualize how Porter’s VBHC is defined, operationalized, and implemented to address the need for person-and-family centered care models that improve outcomes while being cost effective. A literature search in six academic databases was conducted to identify articles examining VBHC; specifically studies with a Porter-based patient-centric focus. 1,001 articles were retrieved for initial review. Using a consensus-based logic model for inclusion/exclusion, 802 met the inclusion criteria for full text review. Articles were examined using the following objectives: 1) conceptually map the VBHC literature, 2) identify application of Porter’s equation, and 3) identify the methodologies used to measure outcomes, costs, and value. Findings were cross-compared and emergent themes organized to Porter facets of value (outcomes, costs, and value). Our review found the three facets of Porter’s VBHC are established across the literature, however, most studies examine only one or two facets and fail to specify or define all three. Although applied in research, there is a lack of consistency in the actual use of Porter’s definition. Five recommendations for future research using Porter’s VBHC include: (1) pre-selection of outcomes/costs, (2) operationalizing outcomes/costs, (3) value framework creation, (4) data collection, and (5) value calculation.
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Singer, Jonathan, Kailey E. Roberts, Elisabeth McLean, Carol Fadalla, Taylor Coats, Madeline Rogers, Madeline K. Wilson, Kendra Godwin, and Wendy G. Lichtenthal. "An examination and proposed definitions of family members’ grief prior to the death of individuals with a life-limiting illness: A systematic review." Palliative Medicine 36, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 581–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692163221074540.
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Background: Research has extensively examined family members’ grief prior to the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness but several inconsistencies in its conceptualization of related constructs, yet significant conceptualization issues exist. Aim: This study aimed to identify and characterize studies published on family members grief before the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness, and propose definitions based on past studies in order to initiate conceptual clarity. Design: A mixed-method systematic review utilized six databases and was last conducted July 10, 2021. The search strategy was developed using Medical Subject Headings. This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020166254). Results: One hundred thirty-four full-text articles met inclusion criteria. This review revealed across studies a wide variation in terminology, conceptualization, and characterization of grief before the death. More than 18 terms and 30 definitions have been used. In many cases, the same term (e.g. anticipatory grief) was defined differently across studies. Conclusions: We found grief occurring before the death of a person with a life-limiting illness, which we termed pre-death grief, is comprised of two distinct constructs: anticipatory grief and illness-related grief. Anticipatory grief is future-oriented and is characterized by separation distress and worry about a future without the person with the life-limiting illness being physically present. Illness-related grief is present-oriented and is characterized by grief over current and ongoing losses experienced during the illness trajectory. These definitions provide the field with uniform constructs to advance the study of grief before the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness.
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Waziry, Reem, Lori B. Chibnik, Daniel Bos, M. Kamran Ikram, and Albert Hofman. "Risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with Alzheimer disease." Neurology 94, no. 6 (January 16, 2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008924.
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ObjectiveTo assess the risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) compared with non-AD controls with similar risk profiles.MethodsA search was conducted on EMBASE and MEDLINE for reports published up to September 26, 2018. Studies were included if they (1) assessed the incidence of stroke in patients diagnosed with AD; (2) included patients with no history of stroke; and (3) reported outcomes by stroke subtype. The main outcome was relative risk of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Furthermore, the rate of stroke occurrence per 1,000 person-years was assessed. A random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed in terms of selection, comparability, and outcome.ResultsA total of 3,605 studies were screened in the title and abstract phase after removing duplicates, and 88 eligible studies were screened for full text. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria representing 121,719 individuals (AD = 73,044; non-AD = 48,675). Five studies were included in the relative risk analysis, among which 4 studies applied formal matching criteria of 44,544 AD and 44,660 non-AD controls. The included studies were based on nationwide registries from Finland, Sweden, Taiwan (2), United Kingdom (2), 1 clinic-based study from the Netherlands, and 1 US population–based cohort. Among patients with AD, the incidence rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 3.41/1000 person-years (95% CI 2.70–4.32) and 2.23 (95% CI 1.72–2.88) among AD cases and non-AD controls, respectively. This is in contrast to 13.98 (95% CI 9.86–19.81) and 12.12 (95% CI 7.55–19.46) for ischemic stroke among AD cases and non-AD controls, respectively. Compared with non-AD controls with similar risk profiles, patients with AD had a relative risk of 1.42 (95% CI 1.23–1.64) for hemorrhagic stroke and 1.15 (95% CI 0.89–1.48) for ischemic stroke.ConclusionCompared with non-AD controls with similar risk profiles, patients with AD are likely at a higher risk of hemorrhagic but not ischemic stroke.
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Chernomorova, T., and S. Vorobyev. "Classification and Principles of Building Question-Answer Search Systems." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/57/12.
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The analysis of the ambiguity of the natural language is based on the development of Question Answering Systems that can process a user-entered question in a natural language and give a meaningful answer. Unlike the classical keyword search task, in which the result is a list of documents, in the question-answer search task, the result is a short and concise answer generated by the system as a result of analysis of various data sources. The review article lists and considers the main approaches and principles for constructing question-answer systems: a meta-search system, an annotated text search system, an expert system, a search system in question and answer collections. One of the first approaches to Question Answering Systems can be called the BASEBALL system of the early 60s of the last century, since it became possible to ask questions to the system in a natural language, but the knowledge base was a regular structured database. Thus, it can be considered its natural input system. All early Question Answering Systems were faced with the problem of the lack of BigData — a large amount of digitized facts and rules. Really working expert systems were obtained only in a limited domain of knowledge. Therefore, for a qualitative discussion of Question Answering Systems, it is proposed to classify them in the following dimensions: types of supported questions, types of supported answers, source of information, technique for outputting a question or answer by source of information, limited domain of knowledge, quality assessment methods, direction — who asks the question: user or system. Direction is a dimension proposed for the classification of Question Answering Systems for the first time in this article. It defines the lead question-answer dialogue in a pair — a man-computer. A direct question-answer system implies that a person asks questions and the machine answers. An inverted system assumes that the computer is leading this dialogue. Today, one of the most developed and well-known direct Question Answering Systems is the question and answer system on the IBM Watson supercomputer. In the last decade, there has been an active development of educational technologies on the Internet (EduTech). Using the accumulated amount of data on successful or dead-end paths by the user on digitized course materials, it is possible to form an adaptive training course for each of them, which allows to maximize the student’s readiness coefficient. In practice, training is faced with a high threshold of entry by the author of the course, the teacher. He needs not only to restructure the structure of his classical courses, breaking up into smaller blocks, but also to add original questionnaires and elements of gamification of instruction to the pauses between blocks. Inverted Question Answering Systems with an open dialog domain of knowledge have a great prospect in solving the problem of generating original questionnaires, conducting a simple dialogue on an adaptive question graph and introducing gamification elements to improve the perception and assimilation of lecture material.
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LYMAR, N. V., N. S. STEPANOVA, E. A. MIKHEICHEVA, and V. P. IZOTOV. "THE CONCEPT «FREEDOM» IN THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL BOOK «VREMENA» («THE TIMES») BY M.A. OSORGIN: TO THE STATEMENT OF THE QUESTION." Scientific Notes of Orel State University 98, no. 1 (March 26, 2023): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/1998-2720-2023-98-1-119-124.
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The article is devoted to the study of the content of the concept «freedom» in the artistic world of autobiographical prose of M.A. Osorgin, describing the specifics of its representation when creating the image of the world and the person in it; the study of the process of transforming individual experience and worldview, developed in the process of life, into the artistic reality of a literary work. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the search by fiction for ways out of the spiritual crisis of the early 21st century returns research thought to the experience of solving the problem offreedom in Russian philosophical and literary thought at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, as well as in the autobiographical prose of the first wave of emigration. The study is based on an integrated approach, including the use of cultural-historical, biographical, historicalliterary, descriptive-analytical methods. It was established that M.A. Osorgin not only uses the lexical meanings of the phenomenon «freedom», fixed in dictionaries, but also significantly expands them. Separate aspects of the content of the concept «freedom» are defined, studied and described, the specificity of its representation in the artistic world of the writer’s autobiographical prose is analyzed. It is shown that the study of the concept«freedom» and its representation in the text of the autobiographical book «The Times» actualizes the axiological aspect of the perception of a literary text. It has been proved that consideration of the issue of true and imaginary values provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the writer’s autobiographical prose.
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Arguello Casteleiro, Mercedes, Julio Des Diz, Nava Maroto, Maria Jesus Fernandez Prieto, Simon Peters, Chris Wroe, Carlos Sevillano Torrado, Diego Maseda Fernandez, and Robert Stevens. "Semantic Deep Learning: Prior Knowledge and a Type of Four-Term Embedding Analogy to Acquire Treatments for Well-Known Diseases." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): e16948. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16948.
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Background How to treat a disease remains to be the most common type of clinical question. Obtaining evidence-based answers from biomedical literature is difficult. Analogical reasoning with embeddings from deep learning (embedding analogies) may extract such biomedical facts, although the state-of-the-art focuses on pair-based proportional (pairwise) analogies such as man:woman::king:queen (“queen = −man +king +woman”). Objective This study aimed to systematically extract disease treatment statements with a Semantic Deep Learning (SemDeep) approach underpinned by prior knowledge and another type of 4-term analogy (other than pairwise). Methods As preliminaries, we investigated Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) embedding analogies in a common-English corpus with five lines of text and observed a type of 4-term analogy (not pairwise) applying the 3CosAdd formula and relating the semantic fields person and death: “dagger = −Romeo +die +died” (search query: −Romeo +die +died). Our SemDeep approach worked with pre-existing items of knowledge (what is known) to make inferences sanctioned by a 4-term analogy (search query −x +z1 +z2) from CBOW and Skip-gram embeddings created with a PubMed systematic reviews subset (PMSB dataset). Stage1: Knowledge acquisition. Obtaining a set of terms, candidate y, from embeddings using vector arithmetic. Some n-gram pairs from the cosine and validated with evidence (prior knowledge) are the input for the 3cosAdd, seeking a type of 4-term analogy relating the semantic fields disease and treatment. Stage 2: Knowledge organization. Identification of candidates sanctioned by the analogy belonging to the semantic field treatment and mapping these candidates to unified medical language system Metathesaurus concepts with MetaMap. A concept pair is a brief disease treatment statement (biomedical fact). Stage 3: Knowledge validation. An evidence-based evaluation followed by human validation of biomedical facts potentially useful for clinicians. Results We obtained 5352 n-gram pairs from 446 search queries by applying the 3CosAdd. The microaveraging performance of MetaMap for candidate y belonging to the semantic field treatment was F-measure=80.00% (precision=77.00%, recall=83.25%). We developed an empirical heuristic with some predictive power for clinical winners, that is, search queries bringing candidate y with evidence of a therapeutic intent for target disease x. The search queries -asthma +inhaled_corticosteroids +inhaled_corticosteroid and -epilepsy +valproate +antiepileptic_drug were clinical winners, finding eight evidence-based beneficial treatments. Conclusions Extracting treatments with therapeutic intent by analogical reasoning from embeddings (423K n-grams from the PMSB dataset) is an ambitious goal. Our SemDeep approach is knowledge-based, underpinned by embedding analogies that exploit prior knowledge. Biomedical facts from embedding analogies (4-term type, not pairwise) are potentially useful for clinicians. The heuristic offers a practical way to discover beneficial treatments for well-known diseases. Learning from deep learning models does not require a massive amount of data. Embedding analogies are not limited to pairwise analogies; hence, analogical reasoning with embeddings is underexploited.
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Abel, Gregory A., Marie-Adele Sorel, Ellis J. Neufeld, and Jane C. Weeks. "Hematology-Related Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Content Analysis and Verification of Claims from Print Media." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3346.3346.
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Abstract Background: Patient-directed marketing of hematology medications is an increasingly prevalent and controversial practice. Content analysis of hematology-related direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA), with attention to how benefit and risk/side effect information is presented as well as assessment of the appeals and claims made, is essential to understanding its potential effect on patient outcomes. Methods: We reviewed all DTCA for hematological medications appearing in 2005 in the largest circulation patient-focused bleeding-disorder and cancer magazines (Hemaware and CURE), as well as a sample of popular magazines. We assessed the Flesch reading ease score (FRES) for the benefit and risk/side effect text presented in each advertisement. Ranging from 0 to 100, a FRES of 65 or higher is considered understandable for the average person. We also assessed the proportion of text dedicated to, and the largest type size of, benefit and risk/side effect information, as well as the nature and content of the advertisements’ appeals. We then attempted to link the advertisements’ main efficacy or safety appeal to the hematological literature based upon references available from a Medline search for the claim and the drug name. Results: Of 134 total ads reviewed, 20 unique advertisements were analyzed (the remainder were repeats). Overall, the ratio of number of words devoted to benefit text versus risk/side effect text was 1.33. The mean FRES for benefit information was 39.0, while the mean FRES for risks/side effects was 23.7, a difference of 15.3 [95% CI: 6.4, 24.2]. The mean largest benefit type size was 6.1 mm, while the mean largest risk/side effect type size was 2.3 mm, a difference of 3.8 mm [95% CI: 1.7, 5.6]. 65% of ads made appeals to social-psychological enhancements (eg: regaining a normal life). 88% of the ads made appeals to efficacy, and 53% to safety; we were able to verify all of these except one through Medline. Conclusion: Hematology print DTCA is difficult to read. When compared to risks/side effects, benefits often comprise more text, appear in larger typeface, and are presented in language that is somewhat more readable. Appeals to efficacy and safety are common, and, for the most part, easy to verify with Medline. Although the ultimate effects of hematology DTCA for patients and providers remain to be elucidated, awareness of its characteristics is a vital first step toward better informing its regulation.
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Park, Joongwook. "The search and seizure of third-party stored data and notification to data subjects." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2022.38.3.51.
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Today, the seizure and search of electronic data stored on ISP/CP servers is no longer considered as a specific type of investigative measure and is typically performed in the early stages of an investigation, like accessing data stored on the personal storage devices. In the former case, it violates the principle of fair trial and proportionality that the right to participate, which is an effective control over excessive information collection by the Supreme Court of Korea, can be excluded from the outset by the investigating authority not by an objective and independent third party. In text, the Constitutional Court of Korea is in a position that this defect of procedural guarantee can be sufficiently compensated through protesting against the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence or filing an appeal. However, it is questionable whether this is justifiable considering the extensive seizure and search, the objections after indictment-related dispositions, and the trial procedures that have already been initiated.
Meanwhile, the seizure and search of third-party archive data and the notification of the accused, i.e. the individuals affected by the data, have been disputed over the past ten years, also in Germany, along with discussions on the openness/confidentiality of measures. Especially in the area of security crime, the general provisions of the seizure and search of StPO should be considered as directory provisions for effective investigation. And this violation is neither illegal nor revoked. Therefore, the investigative agencies argued that they could confidentially execute the seizure and search based on this court order under the general regulations. However, the BGH and the BVerfG clearly rejected this opinion. The BVerfG explained as follows: If the seizure and search of electronic data stored on the ISP/CP’s server is carried out openly, it may be based on the general regulations, just like the seizure and search of the data stored in the personal storage devices, while if such an action is carried out confidentially, it should be accompanied by enhanced procedural control. In 2021, the German parliament made § 95a StPO, a legal basis for allowing searches and seizures under the general regulations to be carried out confidentially, which means without knowing the person affected by the data, i.e. the suspect. The rule allows deferral of notification at the same level as ensuring Procedures in Telecommunications Surveillance.
In today's information technology conditions, there is no reason to treat the data differently whether it is stored on a server or on a personal data storage device when investigative agencies access electronic data. Therefore, in both cases, the procedural guarantee to protect fundamental rights and their exclusion should be permissible under the same requirements according to the rule of law and the principle of proportionality. It must be taken into account here that secret coercive measures need to be tapped into strengthened procedural controls as they are more invasive than open coercive measures.
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Thompson, Genevieve, Chloe Lyn Shindruk, Adebusola Abiodun Adekoya, Lisa Demczuk, and Susan McClement. "Meanings of ‘centredness’ in long-term care facilities: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e022498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022498.
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IntroductionThere is a growing demand for long-term care services for older adults that embrace a model of care centred on individual recipients of care. In long-term care, models of person, resident and relationship-centred care have been developed and implemented to promote independence, decision making and choices of residents. Although the concepts of centredness have been readily adopted in these environments, what constitutes centredness is often vague and lacks conceptual clarity and definition. The research questions guiding this scoping review are: (1) What are the defining attributes, conceptual boundaries and theoretical underpinnings of each centredness term in long-term care? (2) For what purposes have centredness directed models of care been used in this context? (3) What types of study designs have been used to examine centredness in this context? (4) What outcomes related to centredness have been reported or evaluated and how were they measured in long-term care?Methods and analysisThis review uses the methodological framework for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O’Malley. The search strategy will be applied to nine bibliographic and citation databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature. Study selection will occur in a two-step process. First, the titles and abstracts of all search results will be screened by individual reviewers. Second, a full-text review will be conducted by a pair of reviewers. To be included articles must (1) define centredness in the context of long-term care; (2) describe the defining features of centredness; (3) explore the theoretical underpinnings of centredness; (4) outline outcomes of centredness or (5) use outcome measures related to centredness. Data will be extracted from included studies and analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clark.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. Dissemination strategies will follow a targeted and tailored approach based on study findings.
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Nguyen, Rita, Kirsten M. Fiest, Jane McChesney, Churl-Su Kwon, Nathalie Jette, Alexandra D. Frolkis, Callie Atta, et al. "The International Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 6 (September 27, 2016): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.290.
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AbstractBackground: Understanding the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential to shape public health policy, implement prevention strategies, and justify allocation of resources toward research, education, and rehabilitation in TBI. There is not, to our knowledge, a systematic review of population-based studies addressing the epidemiology of TBI that includes all subtypes. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide incidence of TBI. Methods: A search was conducted on May 23, 2014, in Medline and EMBASE according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to identify original research. Study quality and ascertainment bias were assessed in duplicate using a previously published tool. Demographic data and incidence estimates from each study were recorded, along with stratification by age, gender, year of data collection, and severity. Results: The search strategy yielded 4944 citations. Two hundred and sixteen articles met criteria for full-text review; 144 were excluded. Hand searching resulted in ten additional articles. Eighty-two studies met all eligibility criteria. The pooled annual incidence proportion for all ages was 295 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval: 274-317). The pooled incidence rate for all ages was 349 (95% confidence interval: 96.2-1266) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence proportion and incidence rate were examined to see if associated with age, sex, country, or severity. Conclusions: We conclude that most TBIs are mild and most TBIs occur in males among the adult population. The incidence of TBI varies widely by ages and between countries. Despite being an important medical, economic, and social problem, the global epidemiology of TBI is still not well-characterized in the current literature. Understanding the incidence of TBI, particularly mild TBI, remains challenging because of nonstandardized reporting among neuroepidemiological studies.
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Chan, Vincy, Danielle Toccalino, and Angela Colantonio. "Systematic review protocol for facilitators and barriers to integrating health services for traumatic brain injury and mental health or addictions." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027534.
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IntroductionIn the most populous province of Canada, one in five adults and one in six students report a lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These individuals were also more likely to report elevated psychological distress and use illicit substances compared with those without TBI. The need for integrated health services has been recognised globally, yet efforts to develop more comprehensive and effective care for TBI and mental health and/or addictions (MHA) continue to be challenged by the siloing of the two systems. This protocol is for a systematic review that describes the current types of integrated care for TBI and MHA and identifies the barriers and facilitators to integrating healthcare for these populations.Methods and analysisThis review will systematically search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertations & Theses Global. References of eligible articles will also be searched for additional relevant studies. The search strategy will include the use of text words and subject headings relevant to the concepts ‘TBI,’ ‘substance abuse, gambling, or mental health,’ ‘integrated healthcare,’ ‘barriers and facilitators,’ and ‘healthcare access.’ Two reviewers will independently screen all articles based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and perform quality assessment on eligible studies. A narrative synthesis will be conducted using the data abstracted by the two reviewers.Ethics and disseminationFindings from the systematic review will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at scientific meetings, and summarised for key stakeholders in the field of TBI and/or MHA. This protocol will form a systematic review that holds the potential to impact policy and planning in the development of integrated person-centred care for TBI and MHA and addresses a recognised gap in TBI care.Trial registration numberCRD42018108343
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Kelly, Katherine Jennifer, Kim Mears, Sarah Doak, Gail Macartney, Margie Burns, Janet Loo, Laurie Michael, Bei Bei Jia, and William Montelpare. "Characteristics of immunisation support programmes in Canada: a scoping review and environmental scan." BMJ Open 13, no. 3 (March 2023): e070400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070400.
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ObjectiveTo identify, characterise and map the existing knowledge about programmes that provide immunisation support to Canadians and barriers and facilitators to their delivery.DesignScoping review and environmental scan.IntroductionVaccine hesitancy may be associated with unmet support needs of individuals. Immunisation support programmes that provide multicomponent approaches can improve vaccine confidence and equitable access.Inclusion criteriaCanadian programmes that focus on providing information about immunisation for the general public, but excluding articles targeting health professionals. The primary concept involves mapping the characteristics of programmes and our secondary concept examines barriers and facilitators to programme delivery.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology guided this review, reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy was developed and translated for six databases in November 2021 (updated October 2022). Unpublished literature was identified through the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Grey Matters checklist and other relevant sources. Stakeholders (n=124) from Canadian regional health authorities were also contacted by email for publicly accessible information. Two independent raters screened and extracted data from identified material. Results are presented in tabular form.ResultsThe search strategy and environmental scan resulted in 15 287 sources. A total of 161 full-text sources were reviewed after applying eligibility criteria, resulting in 50 articles. Programmes were delivered in multiple Canadian provinces, focusing on various vaccine types. All programmes aimed to increase vaccine uptake and were mostly provided in person. Multidisciplinary delivery teams based on collaborations among multiple entities were credited as a facilitator to programme delivery across settings. Limitations on programme resources, attitudes of programme staff and participants, and systems organisation were identified as barriers to delivery.ConclusionsThis review highlighted characteristics of immunisation support programmes across various settings and described multiple facilitators and barriers. These findings can inform future interventions that aim to support Canadians in making decisions about immunisation.
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Ssablina, Svetlana, Valeria Ivanova, Tat'yana Elovicova, Sergey Griroriev, Dina Sorokoumova, Anna Yepishova, and Egor Ivanov. "STUDYING FUTURE DOCTORS’ EMOTIONAL-AESTHETIC PERCEPTION OF ARTWORKS BY CONTEMPORARY URAL ARTISTS." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-2-157-163.
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Thing. The article discusses the results of the emotional and aesthetic perception of art paintings by 80 students of three faculties of the Ural State Medical University. The correlation between the paintings of the Ural artists and the emotional status of students and their temperament is studied according to the classification of the psycho-emotional state of a person by color, individual characteristics according to the Eysenck technique and Susan Dellinger geometric test. An analysis of the results made it possible to substantiate the psychological characteristics of the personalities of the future generation of doctors.
The goal is the analysis and assessment of color preference based on the type of temperament and personal qualities of students of the three faculties using the works of contemporary Ural artists.
Methodology. The study was conducted at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Ural State Medical University, where in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year a traditional annual exhibition of paintings by modern Ural artists was held. The study was divided into four stages: at the first - search-theoretical - a review and analysis of the literature on keywords was carried out on the resources PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary, Cyberleninka; on the second - experimental search - the goal and objectives of the study are set, the criteria are identified; on the third - empirical - diagnostics of the emotional status of the questioned students was carried out according to the classification of the psychoemotional state of the personality according to color perception, testing using two Eysenck techniques, an additional psychogeometric test was conducted to determine the psychotype of the participants in the survey; on the fourth - taxation-based - a description and systematization of the materials obtained, their processing and analysis, text design of the article are carried out.
Conclusions. The results of the study can be applied in educational work in the educational process of the university and supplemented by master classes of artists at exhibitions for students.
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Hoefer, Gunnar, Sebastian Wanka, and Peter L. Wellmann. "Knowledge Management in the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE)." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-251-2021.
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Abstract. With completion of the restructuring of the nuclear waste disposal landscape in Germany, the competences for construction and running of repositories for radioactive waste products are since 2017 with the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE). The BGE has over 50 years of experience in the disposal of nuclear waste in Germany. Over a period of several decades substantial effort was put into the research and developmental work on nuclear waste disposal in Germany, which led to a considerable state of knowledge, both thematically and quantitatively; however, so far no consistent overview exists on the various works and therefore on the total state of knowledge, as these works only partially exist or existed in the very different organizations (diffuse and local) within the nuclear waste disposal landscape. The emerging loss of specialist knowledge in Germany caused by the withdrawal from nuclear energy and the recession of national mining activities is doing the rest. This imminent loss of knowledge must be taken into consideration as a critical factor, especially considering the age structure within the BGE and the simultaneously occurring processes on selection of a site for disposal of highly radioactive waste products. For this reason, in the division of research and development/knowledge management (R&D/KM) an independent department for knowledge management was created in order to establish an infrastructure for knowledge management and a connection between knowledge management platforms and knowledge carriers in the company. In addition to the collection and distribution of the available knowledge, current results from research and development are also to be fed into the “learning organization”. For this purpose, knowledge management provides a digital information basis, into which current results from research and development are also entered as a knowledge store. This knowledge store consisting of over 14 000 documents, contains mostly research reports and scientific publications, which are concerned with diverse topics for the final disposal of radioactive waste products in geological formations. The total stock of internal company documents available can be accessed with a browser-based text analysis software. Intelligent search algorithms render the textual contents accessible, combine them with synonyms and dictionaries deposited in the system and make the resulting hits of the search queries available for the user in order of importance in summarized and full text versions. Using specific query terms, as known from search machines or library servers, this software analyzes the available documents of the digital information basis and in a brief summary of results, in addition to a brief description of the contents, the naming of relevant keywords, the identification of sources, compilers, institutions, knowledge carriers and an extended optimized information analysis of hits, also provides the possibility to retrieve the complete document and the download. The research options can, in addition to the queries via the established internet search engines also be combined with queries via the incorporated information or databank catalogue of national and international scientific institutions or libraries, which are concerned with research programs relevant for repositories. In order to further increase and optimize the information possibilities for employees of the BGE, a variety of knowledge landscapes has been implemented in the intranet, which enable specific queries on topics, expert information, institution, country and persons. Using these tools a first essential target of knowledge management, the collection, availability and distribution of written down knowledge in the company has been achieved. For the development of person-related and group-related knowledge the department of knowledge management is compiling concepts, which can only be implemented together and jointly with them, as they border on certain interfaces in the organization/company. This particularly concerns measures that fall into the areas of human resources, such as personnel management and personnel strategies or in the area of the particular project; keyword lessons learnt.
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McGar, Ashley Brook, Christine Kindler, and Meghan Marsac. "Electronic Health Interventions for Preventing and Treating Negative Psychological Sequelae Resulting From Pediatric Medical Conditions: Systematic Review." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 2, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): e12427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12427.
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Background Pediatric medical conditions have the potential to result in challenging psychological symptoms (eg, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS]) and impaired health-related quality of life in youth. Thus, effective and accessible interventions are needed to prevent and treat psychological sequelae associated with pediatric medical conditions. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions may help to meet this need, with the capacity to reach more children and families than in-person interventions. Many of these interventions are in their infancy, and we do not yet know what key components contribute to successful eHealth interventions. Objective The primary objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize current evidence on the efficacy of eHealth interventions designed to prevent or treat psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions. Methods MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 1998, and March 1, 2019, using predefined search terms. A total of 2 authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts of search results to determine which studies were eligible for full-text review. Reference lists of studies meeting eligibility criteria were reviewed. If the title of a reference suggested that it might be relevant for this review, the full manuscript was reviewed for inclusion. Inclusion criteria required that eligible studies (1) had conducted empirical research on the efficacy of a Web-based intervention for youth with a medical condition, (2) had included a randomized trial as part of the study method, (3) had assessed the outcomes of psychological sequelae (ie, PTSS, anxiety, depression, internalizing symptoms, or quality of life) in youth (aged 0-18 years), their caregivers, or both, (4) had included assessments at 2 or more time points, and (5) were available in English language. Results A total of 1512 studies were reviewed for inclusion based on their title and abstracts; 39 articles qualified for full-text review. Moreover, 22 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Of the 22 included studies, 13 reported results indicating that eHealth interventions significantly improved at least one component of psychological sequelae in participants. Common characteristics among interventions that showed an effect included content on problem solving, education, communication, and behavior management. Studies most commonly reported on child and caregiver depression, followed by child PTSS and caregiver anxiety. Conclusions Previous research is mixed but suggests that eHealth interventions may be helpful in alleviating or preventing problematic psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions and their caregivers. Additional research is needed to advance understanding of the most powerful intervention components and to determine when and how to best disseminate eHealth interventions, with the goal of extending the current reach of psychological interventions.
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Samoilova, Marianna B., and Nina A. Ranneva. "Everyday Life Confession in the Existential Discourse: Features of the Genre (on the Basis of the Story by A.P. Chekhov “The Lights”)." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-3-21-29.
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Existential discourse in a literary text reflects the characters search for an experience of ontological meanings. Existential communication is characterized by the desire of communicants to define accurately the concepts and associatively represent experiences and emotions. Emotional accuracy in reasoning and defining concepts in the speech of the characters is achieved by the author’s skill in creating artistic images. The structure of existential discourse is characterized by the formulation of the question to which the characters must find the answer, based on their own or someone else’s life experience and knowledge, comparing this life situation with precedent phenomena, texts, events, referring to precedent names, building logical chains, proving or refuting statements. The purpose of this study is to analyze the speech genre of the everyday life confession in the existential discourse presented in A.P. Chekhov’s story “The Lights”. Confession is always an emotional shock, because the confessor experiences again the sense of guilt and shame for the evil he has done. The essence of confession is the reflection which results in selfcondemnation and remorse. The confessional tone of the character’s speech allows the author to create his image and generalize his personal experience, deducing philosophical maxims and aphorisms from it. The powerful emotional message of the confession leaves in the memory of the interlocutor the image of a specific suffering person and evokes sympathy. The everyday life confession here is a tactic of speech influence and at the same time an argument confirming the validity of the confessor’s philosophical maxims, since his very worldview has been suffered.
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Hu, Xinyue, Tongtong Li, and Iris Chi. "Interventions Adopting Body-Mind-Spirit Model to Improve the Holistic Health of Older Adults: A Systematic Review." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3409.
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Abstract This systematic review aims to summarize 5 key information from non-pharmaceutical intervention studies which adopt Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) model for older adults: (1) definition of BMS, (2) types and formats of the interventions, (3) background and BMS training of the interventionists, (4) activities included in the interventions, and (5) effect of these interventions on the holistic health of older adults. We conducted a systematic search of 9 databases (ProQuest, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, Wanfang, AIRITI, CADAL, CNKI) for studies published in English or Chinese through May 31, 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Must be empirical studies; (2) Participants must be aged 55 and above; and (3) Must adopt the BMS model or contain BMS in full-text. We found 15 studies (7 RCTs, 1 cluster randomized trial, 3 mixed-method studies, and 4 qualitative studies). Ten studies (66.67%) adopted Chan’s BMS model. Thirteen studies (86.67%) adopted in-person group interventions. Only five studies (33.33%) provided BMS training to the interventionists. Six articles (40%) categorized the activities as body-, mind- or spirituality-related. Ten studies (66.67%) reported effectiveness in all 3 dimensions of BMS. Of the 7 RCTs, 5 were rated as medium-quality, and 2 were rated as low-quality according to the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool. Most interventions based on the BMS model claimed to be effective in improving the holistic health of older adults. In order to improve the internal validity, future RCT studies should be more prudent about the randomization process and adhere to the BMS model when designing the interventions.
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Kassebaum, N. J., E. Bernabé, M. Dahiya, B. Bhandari, C. J. L. Murray, and W. Marcenes. "Global Burden of Severe Periodontitis in 1990-2010." Journal of Dental Research 93, no. 11 (September 26, 2014): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034514552491.
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We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about severe periodontitis (SP) and, subsequently, to generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 6,394 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, we excluded 5,881 citations as clearly not relevant to this systematic review, leaving 513 for full-text review. A further 441 publications were excluded following the validity assessment. A total of 72 studies, including 291,170 individuals aged 15 yr or older in 37 countries, were included in the metaregression based on modeling resources of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. SP was the sixth-most prevalent condition in the world. Between 1990 and 2010, the global age-standardized prevalence of SP was static at 11.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 10.4%-11.9% in 1990 and 10.5%-12.0% in 2010). The age-standardized incidence of SP in 2010 was 701 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% uncertainty interval: 599-823), a nonsignificant increase from the 1990 incidence of SP. Prevalence increased gradually with age, showing a steep increase between the third and fourth decades of life that was driven by a peak in incidence at around 38 yr of age. There were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policy makers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of SP due to the growing world population associated with an increasing life expectancy and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010.
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Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Mardiana Ahmad, Isharyah Sunarno, and Nur Aliya Arsyad. "RISK FACTORS FOR THE ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v11i1.305.
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Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still a global public health problem and is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality. Some studies report that risk factors for anemia vary from place to place, so more in-person observations are needed regarding anemia risk factors.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia in pregnant women. Methods of using literature review studies.
Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and the theory which is descriptive.
Data Sources: Search for scientific articles using the Mendeley application by entering the keyword "Risk Factors, Anemia, Pregnancy" with Published year 2018-2021, English and Indonesian, full text, National journal has ISSN and open access.
Review Methods: The literature review method using narrative review based on inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing anemia in pregnant women, published in 20158-202, International and National Publications, having ISSN National Journals, Articles using English, original articles, full text and open access. While the Exception Criteria for Articles other than English, type of research literature review and RCT, articles are then collected and a journal summary is made containing the name of the researcher, the year the journal was published, the title of the study, the method and a summary of the results or findings. The summary of research journals is entered into a table according to the format, and 10 articles are eligible.
Results: From the 10 selected articles, it can be concluded that the risk factors for anemia, especially in developing countries, are multifactorial, including micro-iron deficiency, folate, and vitamins A and B12 as well as anemia due to parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworms or chronic infections such as TB, HIV, parasites. intestines, infection of working mothers (farmers), contaminated drinking water sources, consumption of coffee/tea and diet. Meanwhile, other factors in Indonesia are unfavorable geographical location, level of education, lack of public awareness of health, socio-economic situation, parity (number of children), and chronic energy shortages (KEK).
Conclusion: Anemia is still a global health problem and still has to be addressed, especially in developing countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to better understand the main causes of anemia, including iron deficiency as well as other nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and Hb disorders related to anemia so that appropriate action can be given. Biochemical measurement of micronutrients (especially iron and Vitamin A), inflammatory signs in addition to hematological index when assessing anemia clinically are also urgently needed.
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Fernández-Pérez, Dolores, Abel Toledano-González, Laura Ros, and José M. Latorre. "Use of autobiographical stimuli as a mood manipulation procedure: Systematic mapping review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 27, 2022): e0269381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269381.
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Background In recent years, mood induction procedures have been developed in experimental settings that are designed to facilitate studying the impact of mood states on biological and psychological processes. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic mapping review with the intention of describing the state of the art in the use of different types of autobiographical stimuli for mood induction procedures. Methods Based on a search for publications from the period 2000–2021, conducted in four recognised databases (Scopus, Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO and Web of Science), we analysed a total of 126 published articles. Text mining techniques were used to extract the main themes related. Results The induction of emotions through autobiographical memories is an area under construction and of growing interest. The data mining approach yielded information about the main types of stimuli used in these procedures, highlighting those that only employ a single type of cue, as well as the preference for verbal cues over others such as musical, olfactory and visual cues. This type of procedure has been used to induce both positive and negative emotions through tasks that require access to personal memories of specific events from a cue, requiring the person to set in motion different cognitive processes. The use of the latest technologies (fMRI, EEG, etc.) is also shown, demonstrating that this is a cutting-edge field of study. Conclusions Despite the study of mood induction procedures still being a growing field, the present review provides a novel overview of the current state of the art in the field, which may serve as a framework for future studies on the topic.
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Yousaf, Kanwal, Zahid Mehmood, Tanzila Saba, Amjad Rehman, Asmaa Mahdi Munshi, Riad Alharbey, and Muhammad Rashid. "Mobile-Health Applications for the Efficient Delivery of Health Care Facility to People with Dementia (PwD) and Support to Their Carers: A Survey." BioMed Research International 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7151475.
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Dementia directly influences the quality of life of a person suffering from this chronic illness. The caregivers or carers of dementia people provide critical support to them but are subject to negative health outcomes because of burden and stress. The intervention of mobile health (mHealth) has become a fast-growing assistive technology (AT) in therapeutic treatment of individuals with chronic illness. The purpose of this comprehensive study is to identify, appraise, and synthesize the existing evidence on the use of mHealth applications (apps) as a healthcare resource for people with dementia and their caregivers. A review of both peer-reviewed and full-text literature was undertaken across five (05) electronic databases for checking the articles published during the last five years (between 2014 and 2018). Out of 6195 searches yielded articles, 17 were quantified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included studies distinguish between five categories, viz., (1) cognitive training and daily living, (2) screening, (3) health and safety monitoring, (4) leisure and socialization, and (5) navigation. Furthermore, two most popular commercial app stores, i.e., Google Play Store and Apple App Store, were searched for finding mHealth based dementia apps for PwD and their caregivers. Initial search generated 356 apps with thirty-five (35) meeting the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After shortlisting of mobile applications, it is observed that these existing apps generally addressed different dementia specific aspects overlying with the identified categories in research articles. The comprehensive study concluded that mobile health apps appear as feasible AT intervention for PwD and their carers irrespective of limited available research, but these apps have potential to provide different resources and strategies to help this community.