Journal articles: 'Tetraselmi'

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Eboibi, B. E. "Elucidation of Sodium Hydroxide Catalyst and Solids Loading for Thermochemical Liquefaction of Tetraselmis sp. Microalga." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 17, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i2.9.

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The production of biocrude with and without sodium hydroxide catalyst (Na2CO3) through hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetraselmis sp. microalga at different organic solids loading was investigated. The HTL experimental study was conducted at reaction temperatures of 310oC, 330oC, 350oC and 370oC at 5 min fixed reaction time with organic solids loading of 10%w/w, 15%w/w, 20%w/w, 25%w/w, 30%w/w, and at 40%w/w. The results of the study showed that organic solids loading above 20%w/w had no substantial changes on biocrude yield. The catalyst had very little effect on the yield of biocrude but substantially enhanced its quality when compared with non-catalysed reactions. Although, Na2CO3 catalyst may be used for HTL of Tetraselmi sp. in laboratory-scale studies, it is highly unnecessary for commercial-scale. Thus potentially reducing the production cost in future commercialization of HTL-alga-biorefinery. Keywords: Biocrude, Na2CO3 catalyst, hydrothermal liquefaction, Microalga, organic solids loading

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Drissou, Hidaya, Yassine Ouagajjou, and Adil Aghzar. "Ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L; effect of different microalgae diets and ration on broodstock conditioning." E3S Web of Conferences 298 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129803006.

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Three diets based on three microalgae species (Tetraselmi ssuecica, Isochrysis galbana, and Chaetoceros calcitrans) and three feeding rations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used to understand the ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during Broodstock conditioning. Generally, mussels increase their consumption regarding food availability for all diets, and it is evident that the highest consumption was recorded with a feed ratio of 3%. During the study, I. galbana and C. calcitrans strains show the high consumption (1.58 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) and (1.58µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) compared with T. suecica (1.542 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.023) recorded at 3% food ration of monospecific diets. Same results were recorded for ingestion but with great learning for I. galbana in triscpecific diet (0.70 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.052) compared to C. calcitrans(0.36 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.037) and T. suecica (0.25 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.126), respectively.The analysis of ANOVA has shown that both diet and food availability affect significantly the ingestion (F = 30.9, df = 2, p < 0.001 and F = 4.4, df = 6, p < 0.001) during mussel conditioning.

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Purba, Elida, Sakha Abdussalam, and Agus Rivaldy K. "Batas Toleransi Maksimal Laju Alir Gas Umpan dengan Konsentrasi Co2 Konstan pada Mikroalga (Tetraselmiss Chuii dan Spirrulina Sp) dalam Fotobioreaktor." Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan 5, no. 03 (December 1, 2017): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35450/jip.v5i03.45.

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Penelitian ini membahas tentang penentuan batas laju alir yang diberikan kepada mikroalga Tetrashelmis chuii dan Spirrulina sp terhadap ketahananya dalam hal mengadsorpsi CO2 dengan konsentasi umpan CO2 yang cukup besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan batas toleransi laju alir gas umpan dengan konsentrasi CO2 konstan pada mikroalga (Tetraselmiss chuii dan Spirrulina sp) dalam fotobioreaktor. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengkarakteristikan jenis mikroalga terhadap ketahanannya dalam menerima umpan gas yang diberikan untuk mengurangi jumlah CO2 dengan dilakukannya variasi laju alir umpan masuk fotobioreaktor yaitu 1 l/menit , 1,5 l/menit dan 2 l/menit dengan konsentrasi CO2 sebesar 33 %. Didapatkan hasil bahwa laju alir yang optimum yang dimiliki oleh mikroalga paling baik dalam penyerapan CO2 yaitu Spirrulina sp dengan kemampuan laju alir 1 l/menit dengan penyerapan sebesar 83,13 % dibanding Tetraselmis chuii dengan laju alir 1,5 l/menit dengan penyerapan sebesar 76,10 %.

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Negara, Bertoka Fajar SP, Nining Nursalim, Nurlaila Ervina Herliany, Person Pesona Renta, Dewi Purnama, and Maya Angraini Fajar Utami. "PERANAN DAN PEMANFAATAN MIKROALGA Tetraselmis chuii SEBAGAI BIOETANOL." JURNAL ENGGANO 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.4.2.136-147.

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Bahan bakar fosil merupakan bahan bakar yang berasal dari pelapukan sisa mahluk hidup. Bahan bakar fosil bersifat tidak terbaharukan, maka pencarian bahan bakar alternatif yang terbarukan perlu dilakukan salah satunya bioetanol. Tetraselmis chuii dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui volume bioetanol yang dihasilkan dari Fermentasi Tetraselmis chuii. Kultur Tetraselmis chuii selama 6 hari. Hidrolisis dilakukan dengan menambahkan H2SO4 0,2 M pada suhu 121oC dengan tekanan 1 atm selama 30 menit, Fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cereviseae selama 5 hari. Penelitian ini menghasilkan gula reduksi Tetraselmis chuii dengan kadar gula 4% dan hasil fermentasi Tetraselmis chuii menghasilkan 12 ml etanol dengan konsentrasi 1%.THE ROLE AND UTILIZATION OF MICROALGAE Tetraselmis chuii AS BIOETHANOL. Fossil fuels are the fuel produced from the weathering of living things. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, therefore the research of renewable energy is needed. Bioethanol could be good solution. Tetraselmis chuii can be used as the raw material for bioethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the volume of ethanol through fermentation of Tetraselmis chuii. Tetraselmis chuii was cultured for 6 days. The hydrolysis used 0.2 M H2SO4 at 1210C and pressure of 1 atm for 30 minutes, and the fermentation used Sacscharomyces cereviseae for 5 days. The results showed that Tetraselmis chuii produced 4% sugar and The fermentation produced 1% bioethanol with volume was 12 ml.

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Setyawati, Febri, Woro Hastuti Satyantini, Muhammad Arief, and Kismiyati Kismiyati Pujiastuti. "TEKNIK KULTUR Tetraselmis chuii DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM DI PT. CENTRAL PERTIWI BAHARI, REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v7i2.11249.

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Pakan merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam budidaya perikanan, karena berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan dan perkembangan larva. Jenis pakan yang dapat diberikan pada ikan ada dua jenis, yaitu pakan alami dan pakan buatan. Salah satu jenis pakan alami yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan pakan budidaya yaitu fitoplankton jenis Tetraselmis chuii. Mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii merupakan salah satu mikroalga yang mudah dibudidayakan dan memiliki nilai gizi tinggi yaitu, kandungan protein 74%, lemak 4%, dan karbohidrat sebanyak 21%. Praktek Kerja Lapang ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari, memahami, serta mempraktekkan secara langsung tentang teknik kultur pakan alami Tetraselmis chuii skala laboratorium dan mengetahui kendala dalam teknik kultur pakan alami Tetraselmis chuii skala laboratorium. Pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii dalam kultur skala labolatorium mengalami puncak populasi pada hari keenam mencapai 3.240.000 sel/ml. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii sangat lama. Didapatkan inokulasi awal 550.000 sel/ml dan mengalami peningkatan hingga hari keenam. Hal ini menunjukan pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii mengalami fase eksponensial. Kemudian, pada hari ketujuh mengalami penurunan mencapai 209.000 sel/ml lalu pada hari kedelapan mengalami peningkatan mencapai 249.000 sel/ml diduga mengalami periode kriptik, yaitu sel-sel yang masih hidup memanfaatkan tambahan nutrisi dari sel-sel yang lisis. Pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii hari kesembilan sampai hari keempatbelas mengalami penurunan hingga 186.000 sel/ml

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Pagels, Fernando, Helena M. Amaro, Tânia G. Tavares, Berta F. Amil, and A. Catarina Guedes. "Potential of Microalgae Extracts for Food and Feed Supplementation—A Promising Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds." Life 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111901.

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Microalgae are known producers of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, making them natural alternatives to be used as food and feed functional ingredients. This study aimed to valorise biomass and exploit new applications and commercial value for four commercially available microalgae: Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. For that, five extracts were obtained: acetone (A), ethanol (E), water (W), ethanol:water (EW). The antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+/DPPH•/•NO/O2•−/ORAC-FL) and anti-inflammatory capacity (HBRC/COX-2) of the extracts were screened. The general biochemical composition (carbohydrates, soluble proteins, and lipids) and the main groups of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and peptides) of extracts were quantified. The results of antioxidant assays revealed the potential of some microalgae extracts: in ABTS•+, Nannochloropsis sp. E and Tetraselmis sp. A, E, and P; in DPPH•, Tetraselmis sp. A and E; in •NO, P. tricornutum E and EW; in O2•−, Tetraselmis sp. W; and in ORAC-FL, I. galbana EW and P. tricornutum EW. Concerning anti-inflammatory capacity, P. tricornutum EW and Tetraselmis sp. W showed a promising HBRC protective effect and COX-2 inhibition. Hence, Tetraselmis sp. and P. tricornutum extracts seem to have potential to be incorporated as feed and food functional ingredients and preservatives.

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Boopathy, Annakkili Baskara, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Senthil Chinnasamy, Muthu Ganesan Rajaram, Natarajan Mohan, Subramani Nagaraj, Ramasamy Rengasamy, Manjunath Manubolu, Joen-Rong Sheu, and Chao-Chien Chang. "Biomass and Lipid Production Potential of an Indian Marine Algal Isolate Tetraselmis striata BBRR1." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020341.

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Four different strains of marine algae viz. Tetraselmis tetrathele, Tetraselmis striata, Tetraselmis chuii, and Tetraselmis gracilis were isolated from the saltpans in Kovelong, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The systematic position of Tetraselmis striata BBRR1 was confirmed through molecular identification. Under laboratory conditions, T. striata Butcher BBRR1 grown in f/2-medium recorded highest biomass concentration of 0.58 ± 0.021 g L−1, volumetric productivity of 0.025 ± 0.004 g L−1 d−1, 19 ± 2.3% proteins, 17 ± 1.5% carbohydrates, and 15 ± 2.4% lipids. Volumetric biomass productivity of 0.063 ± 0.08 g L−1 d−1, specific growth rate of 0.45 day−1 and lipid content of 19.42 ± 0.98% were recorded for the alga T. striata Butcher BBRR1 cultivated in 10-m2 open raceway ponds using Modified CFTRI ABRR1 medium. The fatty acid profile of T. striata Butcher BBRR1 showed the presence of 33.14% palmitic acid, 22.64% 11-octadecenoic acid, and 21.94% heptadecanoic acid. This study confirms the feasibility of cultivating the marine alga T. striata in open raceway ponds to produce biomass, which can be used for the production of biofuels.

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Ningsih, Diah Ratna, Endang L. Widiastuti, Sri Murwani, and Tugiyono Tugiyono. "KADAR LIPID TIGA JENIS MIKROALGA PADA SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v4i1.122.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipid pada ketiga jenis mikroalga yang dikultur pada media dengan salinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu salinitas 20, 30, dan 40 ppt pada mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Porpyridium sp masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Mikroalga dikultur pada skala laboratorium selama 8 hari setelah itu dipanen untuk diukur kadar lipidnya. Hasil kultur selama 8 hari menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata tertinggi pada Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu 12%/hari, sedangkan untuk Tetraselmis sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu 7%, dan untuk Porpyridium sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt yaitu 5%/hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64% dan jumlah lipid terendah terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata per hari tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Nannochloropsis sp pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 12% dan jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64%.

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Ardika, Kadek, Muhdiat Muhdiat, and I. Nyoman Restiada. "PENGGUNAAN JENIS PAKAN BERBEDA PADA KULTUR ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)." Buletin Teknik Litkayasa Akuakultur 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/blta.11.1.2013.57-60.

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Keberhasilan kultur rotifer akan sangat tergantung dari jenis dan mutu pakan yang diberikan. Beberapa jenis fitoplankton yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan rotifer adalah Nannochloropsis oculata dan Tetraselmis sp. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis pakan berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan populasi rotifer, yaitu jenis fitoplankton Nannochloropsis oculata dan Tetraselmis tetrahele, dengan dosis pemberian pakan sebagai berikut: Nannochloropsis oculata 250.000 sel/ind./hari, sedangkan Tetraselmis tetrahele 25.000 sel/ind./hari diberikan dua kal i sehari , kepadatan awal rotifer sebanyak 20 ind./mL, wadah kultur menggunakan bak fiber glas volume 30 liter sebanyak 6 buah dengan menerapkan tiga ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan rotifer selama 4 hari, menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi rotifer tertinggi diperoleh pada pemberian jenis pakan Tetraselmis tetrahele dengan kepadatan 436 ind./mL, sedangkan pada pemberian jenis pakan Nannochloropsis oculata hanya 168 ind./mL.

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Khoironi, Adian, Khoirul Huda, Imron Hambyah, and Inggar Dianratri. "Pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen dan oxo-degradable (Oxium) pada pertumbuhan Mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.2.211-218.

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Salah satu cara yang digunakan di Indonesia dalam menanggulangi berlimpahnya jumlah sampah plastik di lingkungan perairan adalah dengan menggantikan kantong plastik berbahan polimer polietilen (PE) dengan plastik oxodegradable yang disebut oxium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dengan plastic oxodegradable oxium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii sebagai mikroorganisme yang akan mendapat perlakuan mikroplastik dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Dari Hasil pengukuran optical density untuk menentukan laju pertumbuhan mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis dengan perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan mikroplastik oxium. Konsentrasi mikroplastik ikut berperan dalam menentukan laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii di mana pada perlakuan mikroplastik oxium terjadi penurunan hingga 37,66% pada konsentrasi mikroplastik 300mg/500mL dan 81,70% pada perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen dengan konsentrasi 200mg/500mL. Mikroplastik polietilen dan oxium memberikan dampak negatif pada organisme tingkat rendah disebabkan oleh kemampuannya dalam melepas bahan aditif yang bersifat toksik sehingga diperlukan solusi yang lebih baik untuk menggantikan fungsi plastik dengan bahan yang lebih ramah bagi lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACTOne of the methods used in Indonesia in tackling the abundance of plastic waste in the aquatic environment is to replace plastic bags made of polyethylene (PE) polymer with oxodegradable plastic called oxium. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) microplastic polyethylene with oxodegradable oxium plastic. The research was conducted using the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii as microorganisms that will receive microplastic treatment with different concentrations. From the results of optical density measurements to determine the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae, it was shown that the growth rate of Tetraselmis with polyethylene microplastics treatment decreased significantly compared to oxium microplastics. The concentration of microplastics played a role in determining the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii where in the oxium microplastic treatment there was a decrease of up to 37.66% at the microplastic concentration of 300mg/500mL and 81.70% at the polyethylene microplastic treatment with a concentration of 200mg/500mL. Polyethylene and oxyum microplastics have a negative impact on low-level organisms due to their ability to release toxic additives so that better solutions are needed to replace the function of plastics with materials that are more environmentally friendly.

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Fakhri, Muhammad, and Nasrullah B. Arifin. "KARAKTERISTIK PERTUMBUHAN Tetraselmis sp. DAN Nannochloropsis sp." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 18, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.10749.

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Monitoring of microalgae growth (Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp.) is one of the essential factors in fish and shrimp cultures. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth characteristics of Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. by measuring optical density using spectrophotometry method. Absorbance of 600 nm was used for both species. The results showed that the maximum growth was achieved at day 6 for both microalgae with OD value of 1.734±0.013 and 1.329±0,002 for Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp., respectively. Tetraselmis sp. had a maximum growth rate of 0.74/day and doubling time of 22.43 hours while Nannochloropsis sp. had a maximum growth rate of 0.86/day and doubling time of 19.25 hours. This study shows that absorbance of 600 nm is suitable for determine the growth of green microalgae and spectrophotometry method can be used efficiently to monitor microalgal growth.

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Sørensen, Solveig Lysfjord, Ateshm Ghirmay, Yangyang Gong, Dalia Dahle, Ghana Vasanth, Mette Sørensen, and Viswanath Kiron. "Growth, Chemical Composition, Histology and Antioxidant Genes of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Whole or Pre-Processed Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp." Fishes 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6030023.

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New sustainable feed ingredients are a necessity for the salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we examined the effect of pre-extrusion processing of two microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp., on the growth, fatty acid content in the flesh and health of Atlantic salmon. The fish were fed one of the following five diets for nine weeks: (1) CO: a fish meal-based control (basal) diet, (2) NU: a Nannochloropsis diet, (3) NE: a pre-extruded Nannochloropsis diet, (4) TU: a Tetraselmis diet, and (5) TE: a pre-extruded Tetraselmis diet. The algae-incorporated diets contained 30% of the respective microalgae. Our results showed that the best growth performance was achieved by the CO diet, followed by the NE diets. Feeding of unprocessed Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis resulted in a significant reduction in enterocyte vacuolization compared to the CO feeding. A significant effect of processing was noted in the fillet fatty acid content, the intestine and liver structure and the expression of selected genes in the liver. The expression of antioxidant genes in both the liver and intestine, and the accumulation of different fatty acids in the fillet and liver of the extruded algae-fed groups, warrants further investigation. In conclusion, based on the short-term study, 30% inclusion of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. can be considered in Atlantic salmon feeds.

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Martignier, Agathe, Montserrat Filella, Kilian Pollok, Michael Melkonian, Michael Bensimon, François Barja, Falko Langenhorst, Jean-Michel Jaquet, and Daniel Ariztegui. "Marine and freshwater micropearls: biomineralization producing strontium-rich amorphous calcium carbonate inclusions is widespread in the genus Tetraselmis (Chlorophyta)." Biogeosciences 15, no. 21 (November 7, 2018): 6591–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6591-2018.

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Abstract. Unicellular algae play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of numerous elements, particularly through the biomineralization capacity of certain species (e.g., coccolithophores greatly contributing to the “organic carbon pump” of the oceans), and unidentified actors of these cycles are still being discovered. This is the case of the unicellular alga Tetraselmis cordiformis (Chlorophyta) that was recently discovered to form intracellular mineral inclusions, called micropearls, which had been previously overlooked. These intracellular inclusions of hydrated amorphous calcium carbonates (ACCs) were first described in Lake Geneva (Switzerland) and are the result of a novel biomineralization process. The genus Tetraselmis includes more than 30 species that have been widely studied since the description of the type species in 1878. The present study shows that many other Tetraselmis species share this biomineralization capacity: 10 species out of the 12 tested contained micropearls, including T. chui, T. convolutae, T. levis, T. subcordiformis, T. suecica and T. tetrathele. Our results indicate that micropearls are not randomly distributed inside the Tetraselmis cells but are located preferentially under the plasma membrane and seem to form a definite pattern, which differs among species. In Tetraselmis cells, the biomineralization process seems to systematically start with a rod-shaped nucleus and results in an enrichment of the micropearls in Sr over Ca (the Sr∕Ca ratio is more than 200 times higher in the micropearls than in the surrounding water or growth medium). This concentrating capacity varies among species and may be of interest for possible bioremediation techniques regarding radioactive 90Sr water pollution. The Tetraselmis species forming micropearls live in various habitats, indicating that this novel biomineralization process takes place in different environments (marine, brackish and freshwater) and is therefore a widespread phenomenon.

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Santanumurti, Muhammad Browijoyo, Santrika Khanza, Zaenal Abidin, Berta Putri, and Siti Hudaidah. "The Performance of Microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp.) on White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Wastewater Cultivation Media." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i1.21345.

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Microalgae have an important role in supporting the development of aquaculture because it can be used as natural feed. However, its culture requires an expensive cost because of the nutrient media. To reduce the cost, the media can be replaced by using wastewater from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture. This research was aimed to find out the performance of microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp.) cultured on white shrimp wastewater. The performance was measured by the growth, density, and ability to reduce nitrate and phosphate. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were A (Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in white shrimp wastewater), B (Tetraselmis sp. cultured in white shrimp wastewater), and C (Dunaliella sp. cultured in white shrimp wastewater). The density population of Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp. were tested by ANOVA. ANOVA was used to assess the density population of Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Dunaliella sp., which was then followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that wastewater from white shrimp aquaculture could be used as a medium culture for Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp. It also maintain good water parameter quality in media. Nannochloropsis sp. was the microalgae that produced the highest density of 34.5 x 104 ind/mL when cultured on waste water from white shrimp culture. Nannochloropsis sp. may also reduce nitrate and phosphate content by up to 76 and 61.37 percent, respectively.

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Patterson, G. W., E. Tsitsa-Tzardis, G. H. Wikfors, P. K. Gladu, D. J. Chitwood, and D. Harrison. "Sterols of Tetraselmis (Prasinophyceae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 105, no. 2 (June 1993): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(93)90225-t.

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Nainggolan, Ernisa Maranatha, Rindra Aryandari, Haikal Prima Fadholi, Andhika Puspito Nugroho, and Eko Agus Suyono. "EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM ON CHLOROPHYLL-a, CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN CONTENTS IN Tetraselmis sp. (Butcher 1959)." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.216.

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Electroplating and paper industry activities contribute to pollution of chromium (Cr) in aquatic ecosystems. The presence of Cr can affect the activity of microalgae which play an important role as primary producers in the food chain of ocean ecosystem.Cr was tested on a species ofgreen microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. This microalgae are very abundant in the sea and can accumulate heavy metals, including Cr. Changes in nutrient content in cells of Tetraselmis sp. can affect the productivity of the next trophic level organisms. This research aims to determine effect of Cr to Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein content in Tetraselmis sp. The methods of this study include several steps, cultivation with initial density of 40x104 cells ml-1 to log phase, then exposed by K2Cr2O7 during 96 hours with concentrations 0; 3.2; 5.6, and 10 ppm. Cell density was calculated everyday using haemocytometer, observed with microscope and optilab. Chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein were measured by a spectrophotometer on days 0, 4, 6 and 8. Data analysis with ANOVA, the real difference is determined by Dunnet and Duncan Test.The results showed that increasing Cr concentration causes higher growth inhibition rate of Tetraselmis sp. IC50-96 hours was 2.63 ppm and NOEC value was <3.2 ppm. The content of Chlorophyll-a, showed decrease after Cr exposure for 96 hours. Carbohydrate content was increased after 72 hours, and then decreased after 96 hours exposure. Protein content increased significantly up to 96 hours. Keywords: Tetraselmis sp., Chromium, Toxicity test, Chlorophyll-a.

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Grubišić, Marina, Božidar Šantek, Zoran Zorić, Zrinka Čošić, Ivna Vrana, Blaženka Gašparović, Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac, and Mirela Ivančić Šantek. "Bioprospecting of Microalgae Isolated from the Adriatic Sea: Characterization of Biomass, Pigment, Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041248.

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Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are sources of diverse bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In this study, five microalgae, Nitzschia sp. S5, Nanofrustulum shiloi D1, Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3 and Tetraselmis sp. C6, and the cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. C1 were isolated from the Adriatic Sea and characterized regarding their growth kinetics, biomass composition and specific products content (fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, neutral and polar lipids). The strain Picochlorum sp. D3, showing the highest specific growth rate (0.009 h−1), had biomass productivity of 33.98 ± 0.02 mg L−1 day−1. Proteins were the most abundant macromolecule in the biomass (32.83–57.94%, g g−1). Nanofrustulum shiloi D1 contained significant amounts of neutral lipids (68.36%), while the biomass of Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3, Tetraselmis sp. C6 and Euhalothece sp. C1 was rich in glycolipids and phospholipids (75%). The lipids of all studied microalgae predominantly contained unsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoids were the most abundant pigments with the highest content of lutein and neoxanthin in representatives of Chlorophyta and fucoxanthin in strains belonging to the Bacillariophyta. All microalgal extracts showed antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and S. typhimurium and Gram-positive S. aureus.

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Wina, Bertha, Sri Murwani, and Emy Rusyani. "LAJU PERTUMBUHAN ZOOPLANKTON Diaphanosoma sp. DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KOMBINASI FITOPLANKTON Tetraselmis sp., Nannochloropsis sp. DAN Dunaliella sp. DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v1i2.136.

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Diaphanosoma sp. atau dikenal sebagai kutu laut, berpotensi sebagai pakan hidup untuk larva ikan dan udang karena siklus hidupnya relatif singkat sehingga memungkinkan untuk diproduksi secara masal. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan kombinasi fitoplankton Tetraselmis sp., Nannochloropsis sp. dan Dunaliella sp terhadap laju pertumbuhan populasi Diaphanosoma sp. maka dilakukan serangkaian penelitian pada skala laboratorium dari bulan Maret sampai April 2013 di Laboratorium Pakan hidup Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Lampung dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan, 1064 Ind/L dan pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi, 87,634 %, terdapat pada kultur yang diberi pakan 50 %Tetraselmis sp. + 25 % Nannochloropsis sp. + 25 % Dunaliella sp.. Hasil analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahwa pakan kombinasi Tetraselmis sp. 50 % + Nannochloropsis sp. 25 % + Dunaliella sp. 25 % memiliki kandungan gizi yang paling baik yaitu protein 44,46 %, karbohidrat 10,34 % dan lemak 4,21 %.

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Hyung, Jun-Ho, Eun-Joo Kim, Seung-Joo Moon, Nam Seon Kang, and Jaeyeon Park. "Tetraselmis jejuensis sp. nov. (Chlorodendrophyceae), a Euryhaline Microalga Found in Supralittoral Tide Pools at Jeju Island, Korea." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071289.

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We found the euryhaline microalga, Tetraselmis jejuensis sp. nov., which was adapted to supralittoral tide pools with salinities varying from 0.3–3.1%. Fifteen strains of T. jejuensis were isolated from Daejeong (DJ) and Yongduam (YO), and clonal cultures were established in the laboratory. Morphological characterization revealed that the cells have a compressed shape, four flagella emerging from a depression near the apex in two opposite pairs, a cup-shaped chloroplast containing one pyrenoid surrounded by starch, and eyespot regions not located near the flagellar base. T. jejuensis cells showed distinct characteristics compared to other Tetraselmis species. First, a regular subunit pattern with honeycomb-like structures was predominantly displayed on the surface in the middle of the cell body. Second, the pyrenoid was invaded by both cytoplasmic channels comprising electron-dense material separated from the cytoplasm, and two branches of small cytoplasmic channels (canaliculi) in various directions, which characterize the subgenus Tetrathele. Eyespot regions containing a large number of osmiophilic globules, packed closely together and arranged in subcircular close packing of diverse sizes, were dispersed throughout the chloroplast. In the phylogenetic analysis of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences, the 15 strains isolated from DJ and YO separated a newly branched clade in the Chlorodendrophyceae at the base of a clade comprising the T. carteriiformi/subcordiformis clade, T. chuii/suecica clade, and T. striata/convolutae clade. The strains in the diverging clade were considered to belong to the same species. The SSU rDNA sequences of the DJ and YO strains showed a maximum difference of 1.53% and 1.19% compared to Tetraselmis suecica (MK541745), the closest species of the family based on the phylogenetic analysis, respectively. Based on morphological, molecular, and physiological features, we suggest a new species in the genus Tetraselmis named Tetraselmis jejuensis, with the species name “jejuensis” referring to the collection site, Jeju Island, Korea.

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Moejes, Karin, Reshma Sherif, Simone Dürr, Sheelagh Conlan, Alex Mason, and Olga Korostynska. "Real-Time Monitoring of Tetraselmis suecica in A Saline Environment as Means of Early Water Pollution Detection." Toxics 6, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6040057.

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Biological water pollution, including organic pollutants and their possible transportation, via biofouling and ballast water, has the potential to cause severe economic and health impacts on society and environment. Current water pollution monitoring methods are limited by transportation of samples to the laboratory for analysis, which could take weeks. There is an urgent need for a water quality monitoring technique that generates real-time data. The study aims to assess the feasibility of three sensing techniques to detect and monitor the concentrations of the model species Tetraselmis suecica in real-time using eleven samples for each method. Results showed UV-Vis spectrophotometer detected increasing concentration of Tetraselmis suecica with R2 = 0.9627 and R2 = 0.9672, at 450 nm and 650 nm wavelengths, respectively. Secondly, low-frequency capacitance measurements showed a linear relationship with increasing concentration of Tetraselmis suecica at 150 Hz (R2 = 0.8463) and 180 Hz (R2 = 0.8391). Finally, a planar electromagnetic wave sensor measuring the reflected power S11 amplitude detected increasing cell density at 4 GHz (R2 = 0.8019).

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Paul, Roshni, Alla Silkina, Lynsey Melville, Sri Suhartini, and Michael Sulu. "Optimisation of Ultrasound Pretreatment of Microalgal Biomass for Effective Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion Process." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010553.

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The anaerobic digestion, AD, process presents a solution for sustainable waste management, greenhouse gas mitigation and energy production for growing population needs and requirements. Adopting a biorefinery approach that utilises different feedstock may enhance energy production and support optimisation of the anaerobic digestion process. Algae is a promising feedstock that could be used for energy production via the anaerobic digestion process. Microalgal biomass is rich in carbohydrates and lipids; however, many species of algae exhibit tough cell walls that could also be difficult to digest and may influence or inhibit the efficiency of the AD process. This study concentrated on the comparison of AD remediation of two marine algal biomass species, Tetraselmis suecica and Nannochloropsis oceanica. The two species were pre-treated with an ultrasound technique and compared for their methane production using biochemical methane potential tests. For Tetraselmis, a specific methane production of 0.165 LCH4/KgVS was observed; however, for Nannochloropsis, a value of 0.101 LCH4/KgVS was observed for the samples treated with ultrasound. The BMP results from this study show that among the two micro-algae species tested, Tetraselmis suecica is found to be a better substrate for methane production potential. Contrary to increasing the specific methane production, ultrasound cavitation caused a slight decrease in the specific methane production values for both Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis suecica biomass residues. The pre-treatment of the biomass using ultrasound techniques provided comparable results and can be recommended for effective bioenergy production. However, further research is required for the optimisation of the pre-treatment of microalgae and for the integration of microalgal biorefineries for circular economy.

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CHANTZISTROUNTSIOU, XANTHI, IOANNIS TZOVENIS, ARISTEIDIS PARMAKELIS, and ATHENA ECONOMOU-AMILLI. "Characterization of Tetraselmis verrucosa f. rubens (Chlorodendrophyceae) strains from coastal lagoons of Western Greece using a multivariate approach." Phytotaxa 278, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.3.

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Strains of Tetraselmis, a genus with systematic and biotechnological interest and one of the most prominent genera in marine phytoplankton, were studied. Five strains of T. verrucosa f. rubens, a taxon first documented in coastal lagoons of Greece, are examined herein under a multivariate approach i.e. in relation to their morphological variability under light and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM, respectively), and taking into account certain molecular and biochemical attributes as taxonomic markers, including the plastid-encoded rbcL and nuclear-encoded 18S rRNA gene sequences, and the fatty acid profile. The molecular markers were used to verify the phylogenetic position of the strains within the genus Tetraselmis and the class Chlorodendrophyceae. For that purpose, the original Tetraselmis verrucosa f. rubens isolate (CCAP strain 66/6) was included in the analysis. The molecular data are in agreement with the classification based on morphology. The five strains grouped firmly together and formed a monophyletic group with the original T. verrucosa f. rubens isolate. Lipid analysis of the strains was performed using the FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl-Ester) method and the resulting profile might be used as an additional taxonomic marker.

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Kim, Se Kwon, Hee Guk Byun, Pyo Jam Park, and Kyoko Adachi. "Purification and Structure of Antioxidative Substance Derived from Tetraselmis suecica." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 35, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2002.35.2.155.

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Nilufa Begum, M.N.S Mamun Siddiky, and Shawon Ahmmed. "Comparison of growth performance of live feed microalgae and rotifer (Brachionus sp.) under different feeding medium in outdoor culture condition." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.2.0008.

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Live feed is the basic food source and nutrient security for successful seed production of any commercially important aquaculture species of fishes, mollusks and crustaceans. Both plant and animal originated aquatic microscopic organisms are generally termed as live food. They are the basic food items in early stages (larval stage) of life cycle due to small sizes, easy digestibility and enriched in nutrients. The Nannochloropsis sp.; Nannochlorum sp. and Tetraselmis sp. are rich with relatively high content of essential fatty acids in comparison to other marine algae. Likelihood, the rotifer Brachionus sp. is ideal feed item for brackishwater finfish and mud crab larvae rearing due to its special features like rapid reproduction, slow movement, suitable size and easy digestion by the newly hatched larvae. The present study is the report on comparison of growth performance of live feed (microalgae and rotifer) in outdoor culture condition. The study was conducted at the hatchery complex of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Brackishwater Station, Paikgacha, Khulna. In outdoor culture condition the growth pattern obtained for three microalgae were Tetraselmis sp.> Nannochlorum sp.> Nannochloropsis sp. Highest average growth 6.87×106±1.97×106, 6.91×106±1.69×106 and 6.23×106±1.53×106 was observed for Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochlorum sp. and Tetraselmis sp. respectively in trial 3. Average growth of rotifer (Brachionus sp.) found highest 189±18.10 ind./ml at combined media of yeast and microalgae and lowest growth 119.67±17.60 ind./ml noticed with baker's yeast media. Nannochloropsis sp. contains more energy among all microalgae but Tetraselmis sp. carry highest level of protein. The highest level of protein 56.3±0.18% found in rotifer enriched with microalgae+fish oil and lowest protein content noticed with microalgae enrichment media. So, research finding suggests that, treatment T3 would be the best recommendations for rotifer culture.

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SP Negara, Bertoka Fajar, Irfandi Irfandi, Nining Nursalim, and Nurlaila Ervina Herliany. "POTENSI Nannochloropsis oculata DAN Tetraselmis chuii SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL." Jurnal Laot Ilmu Kelautan 1, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jlaot.v1i2.2315.

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Bahan bakar fosil yang semakin menipis menimbulkan permasalahan baru dalam mewujudkan ketahanan energi didunia. Bioetanol merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan bersifat terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh jumlah bioetanol yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi biomassa Nannochloropsis oculata dan Tetraselmis chuii. Kultur Nannochloropsis oculata dan Tetraselmis chuii selama 5 hari, hidrolisis asam dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2SO4 0,2 M dengan suhu 121 oC dan tekanan 1 atm selama 30 menit, fermentasi menggunakan Saccaromyces cereviciae selama 5 hari. hasil hidrolisis Nannochloropsis oculata memiliki kadar gula sebesar 4%, hasil fermentasi Nannochloropsis oculata mengandung etanol sebanyak 12 mL dengan konsentrasi 4%. Hasil hidrolisisyang dilakukan menghasilkan kadar gula 4%. Hasil fermentasi menghasilkan 1% bioetaniol.

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Park, Bum Soo, Won-Ji Choi, Ruoyu Guo, Hansol Kim, and Jang-Seu Ki. "Changes in Free-Living and Particle-Associated Bacterial Communities Depending on the Growth Phases of Marine Green Algae, Tetraselmis suecica." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020171.

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Bacteria are remarkably associated with the growth of green algae Tetraselmis which are used as a feed source in aquaculture, but Tetraselmis-associated bacterial community is characterized insufficiently. Here, as a first step towards characterization of the associated bacteria, we investigated the community composition of free-living (FLB) and particle-associated (PAB) bacteria in each growth phase (lag, exponential, stationary, and death) of Tetraselmis suecica P039 culture using pyrosequencing. The percentage of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between FLB and PAB communities was substantially high (≥92.4%), but their bacterial community compositions were significantly (p = 0.05) different from each other. The PAB community was more variable than the FLB community depending on the growth phase of T. suecica. In the PAB community, the proportions of Marinobacter and Flavobacteriaceae were considerably varied in accordance with the cell number of T. suecica, but there was no clear variation in the FLB community composition. This suggests that the PAB community may have a stronger association with the algal growth than the FLB community. Interestingly, irrespective of the growth phase, Roseobacter clade and genus Muricauda were predominant in both FLB and PAB communities, indicating that bacterial communities in T. suecica culture may positively affect the algae growth and that they are potentially capable of enhancing the T. suecica growth.

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Le, Hung Anh, Thi Kim Khuyen Vo, Ngoc Nam Trinh, and Duy Khoa Vo. "Effects of microalgae on nutrient removal from mariculture wastewater in Can Gio District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol8.no2.pp114-120.

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Mariculture has currently brought greatly valuable products in many fields simultaneously released a large amount of wastewater contributing to water pollutions on account of its organic and inorganic constituents. Nowadays, with the development of environmental engineering, more and more approaches, especially friendly-environmental and highly effective wastewater biological methods, are being applied to tackle pollutions and minimize adverse effects of treatments to reach the sustainable development. This report focuses on the study of proliferation combined with elimination of polluting substances of marine algae species Tetraselmis suiscica, Tetraselmis sp., Platymonas sp. in aq- uaculture wastewater sampled from Can Gio District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam with levels of concentration during 14 days under normal marine algae culture conditions, and compared to that in Daigo’s IMK media. The results shown that, the algae species all grew rapidly simultaneously gave high nutrients removal yields (COD, N, P) and created a considerable amount of biomass within a short period of culture. Particularly, Platomonas sp. and Tetraselmis suiscica could proliferate as well as give high treatment yields of organic substances (COD), PO43-, NO3-, NH4+ and Total Nitrogen in concentrated wastewater. To sum up, this study showed the potential of using microalgae to reduce COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in mariculture wastewater. Ngành nuôi trồng thủy hải sản trong những nằm gần đây đã mang lại nhiều sản phẩm có giá trị trong nhiều lĩnh vực đồng thời thải ra một lượng lớn nước thải gây ô nhiễm nguồn nước bởi các thành phần vô cơ và hữu cơ có trong nước thải. Ngày nay, với sự phát triển của kỹ thuật môi trường, ngày càng nhiều cách tiếp cận, đặc biệt là các phương pháp sinh học hiệu quả cao và thân thiện với môi trường đang được ứng dụng để xử lý ô nhiễm và giảm thiểu hậu quả bất lợi sau xử lý, nhằm hướng tới sự phát triển bền vững. Bài báo cáo tập trung nghiên cứu khả năng sinh trưởng và phát triển của ba loài vi tảo biển Tetraselmis suiscica, Tetraselmis sp., Platymonas sp. kết hợp với việc loại bỏ các hợp chất gây ô nhiễm có trong nước thải từ ao nuôi tôm của huyện Cần Giờ, Việt Nam và so sánh đối chiếu với môi trường dinh dưỡng Daigo’s IMK trong 14 ngày nuôi trồng. Kết quả cho thấy những vi tảo sinh trưởng rất nhanh nhờ vào việc sử dụng các chất ô nhiễm trong nước thải, đặc biệt hiệu suất xử lý COD, PO43-, NO3-, NH4+ và nitơ tổng của Platomonas sp. và Tetraselmis suiscica rất cao thậm chí trong môi trường nước thải đậm đặc. Do đó, chúng tôi kết luận, vi tảo có tiềm năng rất lớn trong việc giảm nồng độ chất hữu cơ, phốt pho và nitơ trong nước thải nuôi trồng thủy hải sản.

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Carneiro, M., V. Pôjo, F. X. Malcata, and A. Otero. "Lipid accumulation in selected Tetraselmis strains." Journal of Applied Phycology 31, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 2845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01807-8.

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Hang, Nguyen Thi Minh, Tran Huu Giap, Le Nguyen Thanh, Dang Diem Hong, Ngo Thi Hoai Thu, and Chau Van Minh. "Chemical Constituents of Microalgae Tetraselmis convolutae." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 55, no. 5 (September 2019): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-019-02817-1.

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Agustina, Dessy. "Kemampuan Penyerapan CO2 Menggunakan Tetraselmis Chuii Terhadap Intensitas Cahaya." Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 19, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/techno.v19i1.2345.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas kemampuan Tetraselmis chuii dalam menyerap karbon dioksida di berbagai intensitas cahaya (4000, 5000, dan 6000 lux) dengan konsentrasi CO2 tetap sebesar 3% volume. Dengan memanfaatkan jenis mikroalga tersebut, penyerapan CO2 dapat berlangsung karena kemampuan mikroalga berfotosintesis sama besarnya dengan tumbuhan darat. Proses fotosintensis berlangsung di dalam bubble fotobioreaktor dengan kapasitas 1 liter (200 ml T. chuii, 800 ml air laut, dan pupuk Conwy 1 ml) dan laju alir gas total sebesar 1 liter/menit. Analisis penyerapan CO2 dilakukan dengan cara menggelembungkan CO2 ke larutan Ca(OH)2 1 M. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan CO2 rata-rata paling tinggi adalah kondisi intensitas cahaya 6000 lux. Naik turunnya data penelitian menunjukkan adanya peristiwa photo-inhibition. Kata kunci : Bubble fotobioreaktor, Intensitas cahaya, Penyerapan CO2, Tetraselmis chuii

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Botsun, Liudmnila, Zhanna Markina, and Sergei Maslennikov. "The method of express determination of the number of microalgae cultures of the genus Tetraselmis." Fisheries 2022, no. 4 (August 10, 2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2022-4-76-80.

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The article presents an algorithm for using spectrophotometric measurement to determine the number of cells of cultures of microalgae of the genus Tetraselmis filtered and unfiltered samples. The dependence "density – number of cells" is approximated by a linear equation with a high correlation coefficient, more than 75%, which confirms the high reliability of the method. The ability to measure the density of unfiltered culture samples on a spectrophotometer allows you to quickly estimate the number of cells both in the field and on an industrial scale.

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Kovalev, N. N., S. E. Leskova, and E. V. Mikheev. "Evaluation of salicylic acid effect on Tetraselmis suecica growth, biochemical composition and caloric value." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/4/042001.

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Abstract The microalgae Tetraselmis suecica is widely studied as a potential producer of triglycerides for biofuels production and number of biologically active substances. Artificial cultivation of microalgae is associated with its use as live food for bivalve molluscs cultivation, sea cucumbers and fish. The efficiency of microalgae cultivation depends on many environmental factors and is an economically demanding process. The use of exogenous stimulants - phytohormones, has a significant effect on the growth and cultivated microalgae biochemical parameters. It was shown that salicylic acid in concentrations of 1.0 - 3.8 x 10-8 M stimulated the growth of the Tetraselmis suecica culture. In comparison with the control, the growth of the culture by 415% was noted, with the addition of phytohormone at a concentration of 3.8 x 10-8 M. Under the influence of salicylic acid, the amount of protein increased 3.2 times, protein 1.3 times, and the synthesis of carbohydrates was suppressed. The caloric content of Tetraselmis suecica was determined by biochemical composition differences, which must be taken into account when determining the cultivation strategy for marine invertebrates, since a certain plastic material is required for each stage of metamorphosis. The toxicity of salicylic acid due to its accumulation in the environment is well known. The results obtained in our work will contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the effect of acid on microalgae and the potential for their use for wastewater bioremediation.

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Haoujar, Imane, Francesco Cacciola, Jamal Abrini, Domenica Mangraviti, Daniele Giuffrida, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Ayoub Kounnoun, et al. "The Contribution of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Flavonoids to the Antioxidative Properties of Marine Microalgae Isolated from Mediterranean Morocco." Molecules 24, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 4037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224037.

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This study aimed to investigate the potential of four sea water microalgae, isolated and cultivated at M′diq Bay in Morocco, as a new source of natural antioxidants. These microalgae belong to different classes, including Phaedactylium tricornitum (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis gaditana (Eustigmatophyceae), Nannochloris sp (Trebouxiophyceae), and Tetraselmis suecica (Chlorodendrophycea). The antioxidant properties were screened by the use of in vitro assays, namely 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, and Ferrous ions chelating activity, and compoundidentification was carried out in methanol and acetone extracts of both dried and fresh microalgae biomass by HPLC–PDA–MS analysis. Among the investigated microalgae, Phaedactylium tricornutum was the richest one regarding its carotenoid (especially all-E-fucoxanthin) and phenolic (especially protocatechuic acid) contents, as well as antioxidant activity (65.5%), followed by Nannochloris sp, Tetraselmis suicica, and Nannochloropsis gaditana, with antioxidant activity of 56.8%, 54.9%, and 51.1%, respectively.

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Jo, Qtae, Eun Jung Choy, and Doo Won Park. "The Sterolic Properties of Heterotrophic Tetraselmis suecica." Fisheries and aquatic sciences 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/fas.2004.7.1.034.

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Arakaki, Atsushi, Daisuke Iwama, Yue Liang, Nagisa Murakami, Masaharu Ishikura, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, and Tadashi Matsunaga. "Glycosylceramides from marine green microalga Tetraselmis sp." Phytochemistry 85 (January 2013): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.006.

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Jácome-Pilco, Carlos, Carlos Ballesteros, Edwin Rea, and Luz Margarita Rea Cayambe. "Microalgas en el tratamiento de aguas residuales generadas en industrias de curtiembres." Ciencia y Tecnología 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v14i2.502.

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Las aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de curtiembre, presentan elevadas concentraciones de metales pesados, especialmente de cromo (Cr), así como también, de otros componentes como Nitritos, Nitratos, Fosfatos, Sulfatos, que de no ser tratados previa a su descarga puede alterar gravemente la calidad de los cuerpos de agua superficiales. De manera que, un tratamiento alternativo a estos efluentes industriales, se ha venido proponiendo en diversas investigaciones. En tal sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica detallada sobre la utilización de microalgas para tratar aguas residuales procedentes de curtiembres. Para lo cual, se analizaron 42 trabajos de entre artículo científicos y tesis con index internacional todos ellos relacionados al tema de trabajo. Tras el análisis, las microalgas más utilizadas en los procesos de biorremediación en este tipo de industria son: Scenedesmus sp, Espirulina sp, Chlorella sp, Tetraselmis sp, y Pseudochlorella sp., importantes por su alta eficiencia en la remoción de Cromo, y otros elementos contaminantes; donde, los géneros Scenedesmus y Espirulina demostraron una eficiencia mayor al 85% de remoción de Cr, seguido por Chlorella y Pseudochlorella (>60%). En la remoción de nitratos y nitritos, el género Scenedesmus, mostró mejores niveles de remoción (90%), seguido por Chlorella y Pseudochlorella (65%). Con respecto a la remoción de Fostatos y Sulfatos, los géneros Chlorella y Pseudochlorella fueron el tipo de alga que demostró un nivel de remoción del 100%, seguidos por Tetraselmis, Scenedesmus y Tetraselmis (>95%). Este consorcio de micro algas podrían ser buenas alternativas a los métodos de tratamiento convencionales para la industria del cuero.

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Lee, Jae-Keun, Jun-Hyuk Lim, and Tae-Yoon Lee. "Cultivation of Tetraselmis suecica under Different Types of Light Emitting Diodes." Journal of Environmental Science International 21, no. 6 (June 30, 2012): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2012.21.6.757.

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Felizardo, Jéssica Reis, Vinícius José Coelho, Ângelo P. Matos, and Elisa Helena Siegel Moecke. "INFLUÊNCIA DA SALINIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA E DE LIPÍDIOS DURANTE O CULTIVO DAS MICROALGAS Tetraselmis gracilis E Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 9, no. 0I (August 18, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v9e0i2020140-155.

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As microalgas são organismos fotossintetizantes que apresentam diversas aplicações econômicas, como utilização na alimentação humana, animal e na produção de biocombustíveis devido a sua biomassa rica em subprodutos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade das espécies Tetraselmis gracilis e Phaeodactylum tricornutum frente as salinidades de 17o/oo, 26 o/oo e 35o/oo, aplicadas nos meios de cultivo. Os cultivos foram realizados em meio F/2 Guillard modificado utilizando água do mar filtrada com salinidade natural de 17o/oo. A densidade celular dos cultivos foi monitorada através da contagem de células, a biomassa e o teor de lipídios foram obtidos na fase estacionária dos cultivos. Os cultivos com maior produtividade de biomassa foram os que apresentaram menor teor de lipídios da biomassa seca. Desta forma, visando a produção de lipídios a salinidade ideal para espécie Tetraselmis gracilis é de 17o/oo com teor de lipídios de 27,88% e para a espécie Phaeodactylum tricornutum seria aplicável 26o/oo pois apresentou 12,26%.

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Sukarni, Sukarni, Aloon Eko Widiono, Retno Wulandari, Ardianto Prasetiyo, and Poppy Puspitasari. "Thermogravimetric Study on the Thermal Characteristics of Tetraselmis chuii Microalgae Pyrolysis in the Presence of Titanium dioxide." Key Engineering Materials 851 (July 2020): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.156.

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This study aims to analyze the thermal characteristics of Tetraselmis chuii (T.Chuii) microalgae in the presence of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide). The experiment was carried out on thermal analyzer equipment under inert condition. The blended sample has a mass ratio of microalgae and TiO2 that was 10:0.03 (wt%). The results of the thermal analysis show that the addition of TiO2 can change the temperature characteristics during the reaction process. The Coats-Redfern method is applied to calculate activation energy (Ea) resulted in the value of the blended fuel in the second stage that was 56.9 kJ/mol lower than that of pure microalgae that was 70.68 kJ/mol and conversely in the third stage the value of activation energy for blended fuel was 264.57 kJ/mol higher than pure microalgae that was 223.25 kJ/mol. Overall results pointed out that TiO2 had a significant impact on the thermal characteristic of Tetraselmis chuii during the pyrolysis process.

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Astiyani, Wahyu Puji, Indra Kristiana, Gilang Alifudin Ghofar, Muhammad Akbarurrasyid, and Atiek Pietoyo. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK NP DAN TRACEMETAL DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Tetraselmis sp. PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM DI PT CENTRAL PROTEINA PRIMA HATCHERY ANYER, BANTEN." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 12, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v12i4.388.

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Pupuk tracemetal adalah larutan yang terdiri dari FeCl3.6H2O, EDTA, CuSO4.5H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, MnCl2.4H2O, Na2MoO4.H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pemberian dosis pupuk pada peningkatan pertumbuhan dan kepadatan Tetraselmis sp. Pupuk NP adalah larutan yang terdiri dari NaNO3 dan DSP. Metode penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu perlakuan A pengurangan dosis pupuk NP 30% (7 ml) dan penambahan pupuk tracemetal 70% (17 ml), perlakuan B penambahan dosis pupuk NP (70%) (17 ml) dan pengurangan pupuk tracemetal 40% (7 ml), perlakuan C penambahan pupuk NP 60% (16 ml) dan pengurangan pupuk tracemetal 40% (6 ml), dan kontrol (K). Parameter yang diamati yaitu kepadatan sel harian, laju pertumbuhan harian, waktu generasi, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan larutan penambahan dan pengurangan dosis pupuk berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kepadatan Tetraselmis sp. dengan perlakuan B dengan dosis terbaik yaitu kepadatan sel sebesar 95 x 104 sel/mL dan laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 3.99936 sel/mL/hari.

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Trenkenshu, R. P., A. S. Lelekov, and T. M. Novikova. "Linear growth of marine microalgae culture." Marine Biological Journal 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.1.06.

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A new explanation for linear growth microalgae culture density is proposed. Equations describing the dependence of light absorption coefficient and the specific rate of biomass synthesis on chlorophyll concentration are obtained. The specific extinction coefficient for Tetraselmis virilis culture (0.008 m-2 · mg chlorophyll a) is calculated.

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Hotos, George N., and Despoina Avramidou. "The Effect of Various Salinities and Light Intensities on the Growth Performance of Five Locally Isolated Microalgae [Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis and Dunaliella sp.] in Laboratory Batch Cultures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111275.

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After a 1.5-year screening survey in the lagoons of Western Greece in order to isolate and culture sturdy species of microalgae for aquaculture or other value-added uses, as dictated primarily by satisfactory potential for their mass culture, five species emerged, and their growth was monitored in laboratory conditions. Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis, and Dunaliella sp. were batch cultured using low (20 ppt), sea (40 ppt), and high salinity (50 or 60 or 100 ppt) and in combination with low (2000 lux) and high (8000 lux) intensity illumination. The results exhibited that all these species can be grown adequately in all salinities and with the best growth in terms of maximum cell density, specific growth rate (SGR), and biomass yield (g dry weight/L) at high illumination (8000 lux). The five species examined exhibited different responses in the salinities used, whereby Amphidinium clearly performs best in 20 ppt, far better than 40 ppt, and even more so than 50 ppt. Nephroselmis and Tetraselmis grow almost the same in 20 and 40 ppt and less well in 60 ppt. Asteromonas performs best in 100 ppt, although it can grow quite well in both 40 and 60 ppt. Dunaliella grows equally well in all salinities (20, 40, 60 ppt). Concerning the productivity, assessed as the maximum biomass yield at the end of the culture period, the first rank is occupied by Nephroselmis with ~3.0 g d.w./L, followed by Tetraselmis (2.0 g/L), Dunaliella (1.58 g/L), Amphidinium (1.19 g/L), and Asteromonas (0.7 g/L) with all values recorded at high light (8000 lux).

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Barreto Hernández, Alix, and Luz Adriana Velasco. "Aislamiento y cultivo de microalgas bentónicas del Caribe colombiano bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura." Intropica 9 (May 30, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/23897864.1422.

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Con el fin de crear una colección de microalgas bentónicas marinas del Caribe colombiano, algunas cepas fueron aisladas y cultivadas bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura. A partir de muestras de perifiton de placas de PVC colocadas en el intermareal rocoso de Taganga, Santa Marta (Colombia), se evaluó el tipo y número de microalgas aisladas, así como la densidad y la constante de crecimiento relativo (K) de tres de las cepas aisladas bajo tres temperaturas de cultivo (20, 25 y 28 °C). Se mantuvieron condiciones constantes de medio de cultivo F/2 de Guillard, iluminación artificial (1500 lux) y valores iniciales de salinidad de 30‰ y pH de 7,0. Se logró el aislamiento de cinco cepas de microalgas a una temperatura de 20 °C (Cylindrotheca closterium, Komvophoron crassum, Tetraselmis sp. y 2 morfotipos de la familia Bacillariaceae); a 25 y 28 °C ninguna cepa fue obtenida. En la diatomea identificada como Bacillariaceae morfotipo 1, los valores mayores de densidad celular (96,3 x 105 cel.ml-1) y K (1,03 div. día-1), se obtuvieron a temperaturas de 20 y 25 °C, mientras que a 28 °C fue imposible obtener su crecimiento. Contrariamente, en las microalgas Cylindrotheca closterium y Tetraselmis sp., los valores mayores de densidad (2,6 y 7,7 x 105 cel.ml-1, respectivamente) se obtuvieron en el tratamiento de 25 °C, mientras que los mayores valores de K ocurrieron a 28 °C (0,64 y 0,60 div. d-1, respectivamente). Este estudio permitió iniciar un cepario de microalgas bentónicas del Caribe colombiano, así como determinar las temperaturas más apropiadas para el aislamiento microalgal (20 °C) y para la producción de células de Bacillariaceae morfotipo 1, Cylindrotheca closterium y Tetraselmis sp. (25 °C).

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Samudra, Thoriq Teja, Hilda Wati Nasution, Wiga Pratama, Chandra Pradhitaningrum, Rezika Alyza, and Eko Agus Suyono. "EFFECT OF RED LIGHT-BLUE AND NITROGEN STARVATION ON GROWTH OF MICROALGAE Tetraselmis sp." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.245.

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Microalgae has many benefits for human being. Microalgae is potential source for biodiesel and bioethanol, but the biomass produced from the culture is relatively low. So that, the research has to be done to improve the productivity of the microalgae. Red light and blue light spectrum are known as effective spectrums for the photosynthesis process. Then nitrogen starvation medium is usually performed in order to improve the lipid content. However, nitrogen starvation treatment will decrease microalgae biomass. Therefore, this research aims to study the effect of red and blue light and nitrogen starvation on the growth of Tetraselmis sp. The parameters measured were the cells number, dry weight and chlorophyll a and b. In this study, microalgae Tetraselmis sp. was treated using red and blue light for 7 days. Then, followed by nitrogen starvation treatment with concentration 100%, 50%, and 0% of the f/2 normal medium until day 14. The number of the cells was counted every day for 14 days using a haemocytometer and dry weights were counted at day 0, 1, 5, 7 and 14. Chlorophyll contents were calculated by Jeffrey and Humphrey’s Trichromatic Equations method at absorbance 664 nm, 647 nm, 630 nm, and 750 nm. The results indicated that the red light increased the number of cells to twice as normal, while the blue light increased the number of cells to 1,5 times as normal. Furthermore, the 50% of nitrogen treatment under the red and blue light increased the dry weight to 25% and 60%. Keywords: Microalgae, Tetraselmis sp., Nitrogen Starvation, Blue and Red light

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Cardoso, C., H. Pereira, J. Franca, J. Matos, I. Monteiro, P. Pousão-Ferreira, A. Gomes, et al. "Lipid composition and some bioactivities of 3 newly isolated microalgae (Tetraselmis sp. IMP3, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, and Skeletonema sp.)." Aquaculture International 28, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00489-w.

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Sizov, D. V., and V. P. Polischuk. "Cultivation, purification and crystallization of virus of green algae Tetraselmis viridis." Biopolymers and Cell 22, no. 3 (May 20, 2006): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000737.

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Arsad, Sulastri, Muhammad Musa, Evellin Dewi Lusiana, Mohammad Mahmudi, Siti Nurchotipah, Nur Aliya Nabila Zsalzsabil, and Rafli Wildan Ramadiansyah. "Microalgae culture training as an effort to improve natural feed quality for shrimp seed cultivation of Benur Barokah Group." Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v7i3.6919.

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The Community Partnership Program (PKM) aims to conduct training on microalgae culture and water quality management in aquaculture ponds as an effort to improve the quality of natural feed for shrimp seeds. This activity was carried out in the Tuban Barokah Benur group in 2021. A cultivation experiment of three types of microalgae was carried out and the species was given as a natural feed for shrimp seeds. Microalgae Tetraselmis sp., Dunaliella sp., and Chlorella sp. were cultured for 7 days and tested as shrimp seed feed. The results showed that the percentage of survival of shrimp seed was highest in the containers given byTetraselmis sp. (32%). Furthermore, microalgae culture assistance activities in the Benur Barokah group used the microalgae Tetraselmis sp. carried out in Situ on a small scale. In addition, water quality tool measurement is also provided to help monitor the water quality of the tank regularly. The questionnaire results showed a positive response to training activities from Benur Barokah partners covering six aspects with a good response of 50-90%.

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Schulze, Peter S. C., Carolina F. M. Carvalho, Hugo Pereira, Katkam N. Gangadhar, Lisa M. Schüler, Tamára F. Santos, João C. S. Varela, and Luísa Barreira. "Urban wastewater treatment by Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 (Chlorophyta)." Bioresource Technology 223 (January 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.027.

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AUSTIN, B., E. BAUDET, and M. STOBIE. "Inhibition of bacterial fish pathogens by Tetraselmis suecica." Journal of Fish Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00636.x.

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Gödel, Stefan, Burkhard Becker, and Michael Melkonian. "Flagellar Membrane Proteins of Tetraselmis striata Butcher (Chlorophyta)." Protist 151, no. 2 (August 2000): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1434-4610-00015.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tetraselmi'

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