Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tetrahydrocannabinol

Academic literature on the topic 'Tetrahydrocannabinol'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Moyad Shahwan, Baharudin Ibrahim, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, and Sa’ed H. Zyoud. "Risk Assessment of Over-the-Counter Cannabinoid-Based Cosmetics: Legal and Regulatory Issues Governing the Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Cosmetics in the UAE." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030057.

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Purpose: The lack of scientific evidence of the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter topical cannabinoid-based cosmetics remains a concern. The current study attempted to assess the quality of cannabinoid-based cosmetic products available on the UAE market. In particular, the study attempted to quantify the presence of undeclared tetrahydrocannabinol, specifically delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), in these products. Methods: A total of 18 cannabinoid-based cosmetics were collected and analysed in this study. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the presence of total undeclared tetrahydrocannabinol. Results: The estimate for the average tetrahydrocannabinol content was 0.011% with a 95% CI (0.004−0.019). Leave-on cosmetics products are more likely to contain total tetrahydrocannabinol compared to rinse-off cosmetics (p = 0.041). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the total tetrahydrocannabinol according to cosmetic category, there was a tendency towards higher tetrahydrocannabinol content in the hand care products, baby products, and body care preparations. Conclusion: The current study reveals the need for producers of cannabinoid-based cosmetic products to issue quality certificates for each batch produced to inform users of the tested levels of tetrahydrocannabinol.
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Gul, Waseem, Shahbaz Gul, Suman Chandra, Hemant Lata, Elsayed Ibrahim, and Mahmoud ElSohly. "Detection and Quantification of Cannabinoids in Extracts of Cannabis sativa Roots Using LC-MS/MS." Planta Medica 84, no. 04 (January 22, 2018): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-100798.

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AbstractA liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry single-laboratory validation was performed for the detection and quantification of the 10 major cannabinoids of cannabis, namely, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene, tetrahydrocannabivarian, cannabinol, (−)-trans-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A, in the root extract of Cannabis sativa. Acetonitrile : methanol (80 : 20, v/v) was used for extraction; d3-cannabidiol and d3- tetrahydrocannabinol were used as the internal standards. All 10 cannabinoids showed a good regression relationship with r 2 > 0.99. The validated method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible and is therefore suitable for the detection and quantification of these cannabinoids in extracts of cannabis roots. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the quantification of cannabinoids in cannabis roots.
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Basas-Jaumandreu, Josep, and F. Xavier C. de las Heras. "GC-MS Metabolite Profile and Identification of Unusual Homologous Cannabinoids in High Potency Cannabis sativa." Planta Medica 86, no. 05 (February 13, 2020): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1110-1045.

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AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the lipids extracted from seeds of Cannabis sativa by GC-MS showed 43 cannabinoids, 16 of which are new. The extract is dominated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A) and its neutral derivative trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C5 (THC) Cis and trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C7 isomers with an ethyl-pentyl branched chain together with minor amounts of trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with a methyl-pentyl C6 branched side chain were identified as new natural compounds. Four cannabichromene isomers with a C5 side chain are postulated to be derived from the double bond migration at the terminal isoprenyl unit. C7 cannabichromene together with the neutral and acidic forms of cannabinol-C7 were also detected. The mass spectrum of these homologues as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives are presented, and the fragmentation patterns are discussed.
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Blebea, Nicoleta Mirela, Dan Rambu, Teodor Costache, and Simona Negreș. "Very Fast RP–UHPLC–PDA Method for Identification and Quantification of the Cannabinoids from Hemp Oil." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 9414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209414.

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In recent years, hemp oils have become ubiquitous in health products on the European market. As the trend continues to grow and more cannabinoids are researched for their therapeutic benefits, more academic and industrial interests are drawn to this direction. Cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and their acidic forms remain the most examined cannabinoids in hemp and cannabis oils, in the case of cannabidiol due to its proven health implications in numerous articles, and in the case of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, due to the legislation in the European area. These oils sold on the internet contain a wide range of cannabinoids that could demonstrate their effects and benefits. As a result of these claims, we developed a robust and rapid method that can identify and quantify 10 of the most common cannabinoids found in hemp oils: cannabivarin, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, cannabigerol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabichromene, and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid in less than 11 min, with reverse-phase–high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode matrix system (RP–UHPLC–PDA) equipped with C18 column, eluting in a gradient using water and acetonitrile with formic acid as mobile phases. The quantification of 9 sample products presented in different matrixes was performed using a calibration curve obtained by analyzing standard solutions from a 10-cannabinoid-mix-certified reference standard. The developed method demonstrated the ability to identify and quantify the main cannabinoids in hemp oil and is a useful tool for pharmaceutical professionals.
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Skell, Jeffrey M., Michael Kahn, and Bruce M. Foxman. "Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A, the precursor to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621000280.

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While Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) has been reported to be difficult to crystallize and/or amorphous, we have obtained THCA-A in a pure crystalline form by extraction of marijuana and selective fractionation with liquid CO2. THCA-A (systematic name: 1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]isochromene-2-carboxylic acid, C22H30O4) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with Z = 8 and Z′ = 2. The two independent molecules are related by a pseudo-twofold axis centered between the two –CO2H groups, but the conformations of the two –C5H11 chains are quite different (tgt and ttg; t is trans and g is gauche). The carboxylate groups form an intermolecular R 2 2(8) hydrogen-bonded ring; the two C2O2 carboxylate planes are twisted out of the planes of the attached arene rings in opposite directions by 13.59 (8) and 18.92 (8)°, respectively, with a resultant interplanar angle of 28.89 (8)°. Each molecule also has an intramolecular S(6) hydrogen-bond motif between the ortho –OH group and the dihydropyran-ring O atom. Other conformational aspects of the two independent molecules are quite similar to those found in the previously determined structure of THCA-B. THCA-A has shown promise in a number of medical applications. Demonstration of the crystallinity and details of the crystal structure are expected to provide a standard point of departure for chemical and medical experiments.
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Trynda, Anna, and Anna Duszyńska. "Forensic examination of illicit cannabis plantations." Issues of Forensic Science 310 (2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2020.310.2.

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The aim of this article is to present selected aspects related to the sampling for the purposes of forensic examinations of plants from cannabis plantations suspected to be not of industrial hemp, and the methodology of plant material testing allowing to determine the total delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9THC) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (9THCA) content. The result of the research allows to qualify the cultivation in terms of its legality using the percentage criterion of 0.2% defined in the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction.
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Rymanowski, Maciej. "Konopie, przegląd zagadnień związanych z oznaczeniem sumarycznej zawartości delta-9-tetrahydrokannabinolu (Δ-9-THC) oraz kwasu delta-9-tetrahydrokannabinolowego (Δ-9-THCA-A)." Issues of Forensic Science 285 (2014): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2014.285.1.

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Cannabis analysis belongs to the most common types of analyses performed by forensic laboratories, owing to the spread of cannabis-originated drugs on illegal markets. Yet, this subject brings about numerous controversial analytical issues that spark heated debates among specialists in the field. The present work is a review of cannabis-related and analytical issues pertaining to the determination of the total content of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A-9-THC) and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A-9-THCA-A) in herbal cannabis samples. Such analyses are currently typically performed by means of gas chromatography or to a lesser extent by liquid chromatography. In the case of gas chromatography, the total content is determined as the sum of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A-9-THC) that was originally present in the sample and delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (A-9-THC) formed as a result of decarboxylation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (a-9-THCA-A). Liquid chromatography method is suitable for assaying both compounds in their natural form. Both methods have a number of advantages and disadvantages that require particular attention while performing analyses. One of the objectives of the present work was to carry out a comparative study of both methods of analysis, including their advantages and disadvantages. A review of the literature is presented - particularly, related to the subject addressed herein - published in recent years by police drug experts in “Problemy Kryminalistyki” quarterly. The first part contains the review of issues related to cannabis and their products - cannabinoids, cannabis subspecies, use and effect on the human body, legal issues related to cannabis, instrumental methods of assaying A-9-THC and a-9-THCA-A. The following part contains a discussion on factors influencing the assays’ results such as sampling, stability of cannabinoids in cannabis, plant age, extraction, sample humidity, derivatization, stability of standard solutions, decarboxylation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A-9-THCA-A), chromatography separation conditions and equipment. In view of the requirements of the Quality Management System that imposes the need for achieving accreditation of the test procedures, the author hopes that the present work will be helpful for analytical chemists working on developing cannabis assays and it will draw their attention to the factors that need to be considered when drafting budget and assessing total measurement uncertainty.
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Galettis, Peter, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Gordon, and Jennifer H. Martin. "A Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for the Quantitation of 17 Cannabinoids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 6 (2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20380.

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Although cannabis has been used for several thousand years, the exact composition of the cannabinoids patients are administered for different symptoms has remained largely unknown. While this absence of catalogued information may be accepted in some cultures, the use of cannabis as a human product in the registered medicines setting requires knowing its composition so that doses can be standardised between patients. This is particularly so in clinical trials that are currently under way to determine the efficacy of a product. Although the major cannabinoids of interest to prescribers are well known – tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol and the corresponding acids tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid, the cannabis plant contains many more phytocannabinoids. We have developed and validated a robust and fast (11min) isocratic HPLC method for the analysis of 17 phytocannabinoids. The method had an analytical range of 1–150μg mL−1 for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid, 0.5–75μg mL−1 for tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and 0.5–20μg mL−1 for the remaining 13 cannabinoids. The method had excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation of between 5 and 14% and a bias of between –8.6 and 6% for the 17 cannabinoids. The method was applied to the analysis of medicinal cannabis products, including both flos and oils with results matching the supplier’s certificate of analysis. This simple fast isocratic method with basic HPLC equipment can be easily transferred to any analytical laboratory interested in the identification and quantitation of cannabinoids.
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&NA;. "Moclobemide/amphetamines/tetrahydrocannabinol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1399 (April 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201213990-00080.

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Akhtar, Muhammad T., Khozirah Shaari, and Robert Verpoorte. "Biotransformation of Tetrahydrocannabinol." Phytochemistry Reviews 15, no. 5 (September 16, 2015): 921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9438-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Mohd, Moklas Mohamad Aris. "Behavioural and cognitive effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441014.

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Sparks, Timothy D. "Synthetic studies towards #DELTA#'9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its analogues." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390924.

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Konanz, Silke. "Immunmodulation durch Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in der perioperativen Schmerztherapie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-58503.

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Sacks, Nancy. "The use of tetrahydrocannabinol (marinol) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45182.

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The effect of Marinol, which contains the antiemetic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was evaluated in five cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Subjects rated their nausea and vomiting, food intake, appetite and mood status three times daily. Drug therapy (THC) or no drug was administered for an average of four months during the course of their chemotherapy regimen. Subjects began taking THC the first day of chemotherapy and continued (5mg/three times a day) for an average of two weeks. Subjects reported their nausea and vomiting to be increased while receiving THC which coincided with their period of chemotherapy treatment. Subjective ratings for food intake and appetite varied in each case and did not always correlate with actual caloric intake from food. Food intake in most subjects was approximately the same, or greater with THC even though the period when THC was given coincided with chemotherapy treatment, and the use of emetigenic drugs. This resulted in weight maintenance or minor weight loss in most subjects. The absence of THC during chemotherapy treatment resulted in decreased food intake. Some of the moods reported most frequently by subjects while receiving THC were activity, interaction, and relaxation. Depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety were reported less frequently and usually occurred around the time of chemotherapy. The majority of the moods reported indicated that subjects had positive feelings associated with THC therapy. The results of this study indicated that THC benefitted cancer patients by increasing food intake during chemotherapy regimens without causing adverse behavioral changes.
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Jiang, Yu. "Population pharmacokinetics of ethanol and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol in human subjects." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5783.

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The pharmacokinetics of ethanol and (-)-trans-isomer of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the pharmacokinetic interaction between them were characterized using statistical models in this thesis. In chapter II, a semi-mechanistic absorption rate dependent hepatic extraction model was developed to characterize ethanol pharmacokinetics. The statistical analysis conducted based on this model indicated no association between ethanol disposition and subject age or sex, and a 23% higher typical Vmax value, a 12.5% lower typical Km value for heavy drinkers compared with moderate drinkers. In chapter III, a parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic model was developed to simultaneously describe the concentration time profile of THC and its active metabolite 11-OH-THC. A parent-metabolite model with 3-compartment pharmacokinetic model for THC and a 2-compartment model for 11-OH-THC was found to best describe the pharmacokinetics of THC and 11-OH-THC simultaneously. In chapter IV, the pharmacokinetic interactions of ethanol on THC, 11-OH-THC and 11-nor-COOH-THC were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. The results suggested that co-administration of ethanol caused an increase in THC and 11-OH-THC systemic exposure, failed to influence the terminal elimination processes of THC and 11-OH-THC, and did not affect the pharmacokinetics of 11-nor-9-COOH-THC.
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Cherlet, Tracy C. "Tetrahydrocannabinol and lung surfactant metabolism in isolated fetal type II alveolar cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0025/MQ51693.pdf.

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Park, Calum R. "Mucoadhesive buccal tablets for the delivery of nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408996.

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Lee, Matthew C. "The Roles of Several Kinases in Mice Tolerant to Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." VCU Scholars Compass, 1999. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5135.

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It has been suggested that the CB1 G-protein-coupled receptor is internalized following agonist binding and activation of the second messenger pathways. The process of desensitization and resensitization is intimately involved with receptor internalization. Phosphorylation alters tolerance to cannabinoids thus contributing to tolerance. It is proposed that phosphorylation enhances the down-regulation of the CB1 receptor. These findings led us to look at which kinase(s) may be involved in cannabinoid tolerance. We therefore hypothesize that by preventing phosphorylation of the CB1 receptor, we may reverse tolerance. We evaluated our hypothesis by testing the role of several kinases in tolerance: protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase C (PKG). Beta Adrenergic Receptor Kinase (β-ARK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the src family tyrosine kinase. We also looked at cAMP and cGMP analogs. We evaluated PKA using KT5720, a PKA inhibitor; PKC using bisindolylmaleimide I, HCI] (bis), a PKC inhibitor; PKG using KT5823, a PKG inhibitor; β-ARK using Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a β-ARK inhibitor; PI3K using LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor and PP1 a src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The cAMP analog was dibutyryl-cAMP and the cGMP analog was dibutyryl-cGMP. ICR mice were rendered tolerant to △9- tetrahydrocannabinol (△9-THC) by administering injections of 20mg/kg △9-THC s.c. every 12 hours for 6.5 days. The mice were subsequently challenged 24 hours later with an ED8O of △9-THC at 20μg/mouse (i.t.). Antinociception was measured by the tail-flick test, %MPE’s and ED5O’s were calculated. The PKG inhibitor, KT5823, showed no significant change in %MPE. The β-ARK inhibitor, LMWH, showed no significant change in the %MPE. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, showed no significant change in the %MPE. Inhibition of PKC, by bis had no effect on tolerance, but at a higher dose attenuated the antinociceptive effect of △9-THC in non-tolerant mice. PPl, the src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reversed tolerance. KT5720, the PKA inhibitor reversed △9- THC tolerance. These data support a role for PKA and tyrosine kinase in phosphorylation events in THC tolerant mice. (Supported by NIDA grants K02DA00186 and P5ODA05274).
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Pfeiffer, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Click-SELEX enables the selection of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-binding nucleic acids / Franziska Pfeiffer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188731211/34.

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Galera, López Lorena 1993. "Signalling mechanisms involved in memory function : focus on the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672693.

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Memory is a physiological brain function crucial for adaptive behaviour of individuals. Memory alterations are described as impairments in the processes by which memory is perceived, encoded, consolidated, retrieved, or used. there are countless situations that can lead to memory alterations. In this thesis we used specific murine mouse models to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in learning and memory performance in specific situations where memory is compromised. Specifically, we described that repeated non-amnesic low doses of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affect memory performance through serotonergic signalling in mice. Moreover, we reported specific memory alterations associated to the genetic inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) gamma gene. Additionally, we revealed the involvement of the PKC-gamma isoform in the amnesic-like effects produced by THC in mice. Overall, combining behavioural, biochemical, and pharmacological approaches we have advanced in the understanding of relevant mechanisms for memory function and dysfunction associated to cannabis exposure.
La memoria es una función fisiológica del cerebro cuyas alteraciones se definen como déficits en la percepción, codificación, consolidación, recuperación o utilización de esta. En esta tesis hemos utilizado modelos específicos de ratón para estudiar los mecanismos celulares y moleculares involucrados en el desempeño del aprendizaje y de la memoria cuando esta se encuentra afectada. Específicamente, describimos que dosis bajas repetidas y no amnésicas de Δ9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) afectan al funcionamiento de la memoria a través de la señalización serotoninérgica. Además, reportamos alteraciones de la memoria asociadas a la inhibición genética de la isoforma gamma de la proteína quinasa C (PKC). Por otra parte, mostramos la participación de la isoforma PKC-gamma en los efectos de tipo amnésico producidos por el THC. Combinando enfoques conductuales, bioquímicos y farmacológicos, hemos avanzado en la comprensión de los mecanismos implicados en la función y la disfunción de la memoria asociada a la exposición al cannabis.
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Books on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Snow, Otto. THC & tropacocaine. Spring Hill, Fl: Thoth, 2004.

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The science of marijuana. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Iversen, Leslie. The Pharmacology of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846848.003.0002.

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The 19th century was a great era for plant chemistry. Many complex drug molecules, known as alkaloids, were isolated and identified from plants. This chapter discusses the history of the discovery of delta-9-tetrahyrocannabinol (THC) as the psychoactive substance in cannabis products and also the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors CB-1 and CB-2 in the body and brain. The mechanism of action of cannabinoids on such receptors to inhibit neurotransmitter release or other actions is also discussed. In addition, various methods for the ingestion of cannabis, such as smoking and vaping, are reviewed. Synthetic agonists and antagonists at cannabinoid receptors and the proliferation of synthetic agonists as novel psychoactive agents are also discussed.
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Beardsley, Grant D. Elimination of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid when normalized to urinary creatinine. 1990.

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Beardsley, Grant D. Elimination of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid when normalized to urinary creatinine. 1990.

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National Institute on Drug Abuse, ed. The brain's response to marijuana. [Rockville, Md.?]: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 1997.

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Titishov, Nina *. The effects of (-) and (+)-7-hydroxy-delta-6-tetrahydrocannabinol-1, 1-dimethylheptyl on the primary humoral immune response of mice. 1988.

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1920-, Nahas Gabriel G., ed. Marihuana and medicine. Totowa, N.J: HumanaPress, 1999.

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WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence., ed. WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: Twenty-sixth report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Simola, Nicola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, et al. "Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 365. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4022.

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Beyer, Karl-Heinz. "Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." In Biotransformation der Arzneimittel, 523–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74386-3_306.

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Roychoudhury, Priodarshi, Ning Nan Wang, and Samer N. Narouze. "Phytocannabinoids: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)." In Cannabinoids and Pain, 71–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69186-8_10.

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Waser, Peter G., and Anne Martin. "Barbiturate Potentiating, Temperature Reducing, Analgesic, and Behavioral Effects of Some Synthetic Tetrahydrocannabinol Derivatives in Comparison with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." In Marihuana and Medicine, 527–39. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_51.

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Smith, Carol Grace, Ramona G. Almirez, Pamela M. Scher, and Riccardo H. Asch. "Tolerance to the Reproductive Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." In Marihuana and Medicine, 379–84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_38.

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Flemming, T., R. Muntendam, C. Steup, and Oliver Kayser. "Chemistry and Biological Activity of Tetrahydrocannabinol and its Derivatives." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7081_2007_084.

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Sassenrath, E. N., L. F. Chapman, and G. P. Goo. "Reproduction in Rhesus Monkeys Chronically Exposed to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." In Marihuana and Medicine, 449–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_44.

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Djeu, Julie Y., Min Wang, and Herman Friedman. "Adverse Effect of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Human Neutrophil Function." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 57–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_6.

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Specter, Steven, Gerald Lancz, Gina Westrich, and Herman Friedman. "Combined Immunosuppressive Activities of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Murine Retrovirus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 135–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_15.

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O’Rear, Charles E., and Gerald C. Llewellyn. "A Rapid Analytical Procedure for Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Plant Material." In Mycotoxins, Wood Decay, Plant Stress, Biocorrosion, and General Biodeterioration, 493–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9450-2_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Patel, R., and R. Bick. "PLATELET DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644877.

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Many drugs and other agents have been reported to induce platelet dysfunction and clinical bleedability; however, tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana) has thus far not been reported. The patient herein described is a 28-year-old Caucasian female who wasreferred for evaluation of easy and spontaneous bruising. On history, the patient related that for a three-month period she had been developing spontaneous ecchymoses of the extremities and torso. She denied any medication other than heavy marijuana use. Hemostasis evaluation revealed her to have a normal prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), Factor VIII coagulant activity (Factor VIII:C), Factor VIII related antigen (Factor VIII:RAg), and ristocetincofactor activity. Platelet aggregation was performed which revealed abnormal aggregation to epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and abnormal release but normal aggregation toristocetin. She was asked to refrainfrom marijuana and was reaggregated revealing normal aggregation and release to epinephrine, ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid; however, ADP release induced by ristocetin remainedmoderately abnormal, even though aggregation was normal. In addition, with cessation of marijuana use, her clinical bruising abated.Following this, she again indulged in marijuana and she was reaggregated, revealing delayed aggregation and release to epinephrine with abnormal aggregation to ADP. Additionally, ristocetin release and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release remained abnormal but aggregation remained normal and arachidonic acid aggregationremained normal.In summary, we herein describe a young female who demonstrated aggregation abnormalities and clinically significant spontaneous bruising during periods of using marijuana; the defect disappeared upon cessation of marijuana and reappeared upon resumption of marijuana use. The defect atpresent appears to be that of a membrane-type defect with no evidence that marijuana interferes with the prostaglandin pathway.
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Qarajeh, R., M. Alqawasma, M. Younis, and J. Kitchen. "Tetrahydrocannabinol Vaping-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1877.

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Murphy, M., C. Kumarasinghe, N. Patel, K. Patel, and L. Novarro. "Delayed Pneumonitis After Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Vapor Use." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1883.

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Sivashanmugan, Kundan, Kenneth Squire, Yong Zhao, Ailing Tan, Joseph A. Kraai, Gregory L. Rorrer, and Alan X. Wang. "SERS Detection of Trace Level Tetrahydrocannabinol in Body Fluid." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2019.atu3k.7.

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Young, A., G. Devendra, and H. D. Tazelaar. "A New Pathologic Finding in Tetrahydrocannabinol Vaping-Associated Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6660.

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Catalan-Carrio, Raquel, Guillermo Moreno-Sanz, Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts, and Fernando Benito-Lopez. "Ionogel based material for the colorimetric detection of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol." In 2021 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639754.

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Lourenço, Gabriela, Carla Liandra da Costa, Rony Costa, Stella Alice Moreira, Sávio Lucas de Araújo, Claudia Silva, Wandemberg Neto, and Raiza de Góis. "The application of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) against cannabis use disorder." In MOL2NET 2018, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 4th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-04-05531.

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Lan, Je-Wei, I. Yu Huang, Yu-Cheng Lin, Wen Hui Huang, Chia Hsien Yeh, and Chia-Hsu Hsieh. "FPW biosensor with low insertion loss for detection of Tetrahydrocannabinol antigen." In 2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2017.7994368.

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Kinney, G. L., L. Gillenwater, K. A. Young, M. F. Ragland, E. E. Austin, E. A. Regan, J. E. Hokanson, R. P. Bowler, and for the COPDGene Investigators. "Tetrahydrocannabinol Metabolites Are Associated with Markers of Airway Inflammation the COPDGene Study." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7824.

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Sichler, M., M. Löw, T. Bayer, P. Tucholla, and Y. Bouter. "Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) improves motor and memory deficits in a sporadic Alzheimer-model." In Abstracts of the 30th Symposium of the AGNP. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606414.

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Reports on the topic "Tetrahydrocannabinol"

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Wiley, Jenny L., Camille K. Gourdet, and Brian F. Thomas. Cannabidiol: Science, Marketing, and Legal Perspectives. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0065.2004.

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Recent loosening of legal restrictions on cannabis and its chemical constituents, including phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), has led to rapid proliferation and wide availability of products containing CBD. Although using pure CBD does not result in THC-like intoxication, it is not risk-free. In this review, we examine CBD from scientific, marketing, and regulatory perspectives. Specifically, we evaluate the evidence used to support statements concerning CBD’s real and putative medical effects and discuss misleading information that has been used in marketing approaches. Also, we explore the current legal landscape surrounding CBD. We conclude that further research is necessary to clarify legitimate therapeutic effects of CBD. Federal regulation is also necessary to assure quality, safety, and efficacy of CBD products. Until new regulations are enacted to ensure purity and label accuracy, consumers should balance any perceived benefits of CBD use against potential risks associated with using products of unknown quality.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: May 2021 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccerplantpain3.

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Overview This is the third quarterly progress report for an ongoing living systematic review on cannabis and other plant-based treatments for chronic pain. The first progress report was published in January 2021 and the second in March 2021. The draft systematic review was available for public comment from May 19 through June 15, 2021, on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Effective Health Care website. The systematic review synthesizes evidence on the benefits and harms of plant-based compounds (PBCs), such as cannabinoids and kratom, used to treat chronic pain, addressing concerns about severe adverse effects, abuse, misuse, dependence, and addiction. The purpose of this progress report is to describe the cumulative literature identified thus far. This report will be periodically updated with new studies as they are published and identified, culminating in an annual systematic review that provides a synthesis of the accumulated evidence. Main Points In patients with chronic (mainly neuropathic) pain with short-term treatment (4 weeks to <6 months): • Studies of cannabis-related products were grouped based on their tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol (CBD) ratio using the following categories: high THC to CBD, comparable THC to CBD, and low THC to CBD. • Comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray is probably associated with small improvements in pain severity and may be associated with small improvements in function. There was no effect in pain interference or serious adverse events. There may be a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea. • Synthetic THC (high THC to CBD) may be associated with moderate improvement in pain severity and increased risk of sedation, and large increased risk of nausea. Synthetic THC is probably associated with a large increased risk of dizziness. • Extracted whole-plant high THC to CBD ratio products may be associated with large increases in risk of withdrawal due to adverse events and dizziness. • Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, low THC to CBD ratio products (topical CBD), other cannabinoids (cannabidivarin), and comparisons with other active interventions was insufficient to draw conclusions. • Other key adverse event outcomes (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, cognitive deficits) and outcomes on the impact on opioid use were not reported. • No evidence on other plant-based compounds, such as kratom, met criteria for this review.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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