Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tetanus

Academic literature on the topic 'Tetanus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tetanus"

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Celichowski, Jan, and Kazimierz Grottel. "The influence of a doublet of stimuli at the beginning of the tetanus on its time course." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 58, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1998-1258.

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The influence of a pair of stimuli generated in a short time sequence (doublet) at the beginning of stimulation on the time course of the following tetanus was investigated. Experiments were performed on single motor units in rat's medial gastrocnemius. The doublet evoked an increase in tetanic tension, tetanic fusion and the area under tension record. These effects were measured in tetani fused to varying degrees. It was found that for all types of motor units the strongest influence of the doublet was observed in half- fused tetani. Moreover, the doublet influenced the first part of tetanus significantly more as compared to the second. Slow motor units showed greater sensitivity of the tension and the tetanus area to the doublet than fast units. The results show that slow units are characterized by better summation of their tension at the beginning of a tetanus.
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Carp, J. S., P. A. Herchenroder, X. Y. Chen, and J. R. Wolpaw. "Sag During Unfused Tetanic Contractions in Rat Triceps Surae Motor Units." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2647.

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Sag during unfused tetanic contractions in rat triceps surae motor units. Contractile properties and conduction velocity were studied in 202 single motor units of intact rat triceps surae muscles activated by intra-axonal (or intra-myelin) current injection in L5 or L6 ventral root to assess the factors that determine the expression of sag (i.e., decline in force after initial increase during unfused tetanic stimulation). Sag was consistently detected in motor units with unpotentiated twitch contraction times <20 ms. However, the range of frequencies at which sag was expressed varied among motor units such that there was no single interstimulus interval (ISI), with or without adjusting for twitch contraction time, at which sag could be detected reliably. Further analysis indicated that using the absence of sag as a criterion for identifying slow-twitch motor units requires testing with tetani at several different ISIs. In motor units with sag, the shape of the force profile varied with tetanic frequency and contractile properties. Simple sag force profiles (single maximum reached late in the tetanus followed by monotonic decay) tended to occur at shorter ISIs and were observed more frequently in fatigue-resistant motor units with long half-relaxation times and small twitch amplitudes. Complex sag profiles reached an initial maximum early in the tetanus, tended to occur at longer ISIs, and were more common in fatigue-sensitive motor units with long half-relaxation times and large twitch amplitudes. The differences in frequency dependence and force maximum location suggested that these phenomena represented discrete entities. Successive stimuli elicited near-linear increments in force during tetani in motor units that never exhibited sag. In motor units with at least one tetanus displaying sag, tetanic stimulation elicited large initial force increments followed by rapidly decreasing force increments. That the latter force envelope pattern occurred in these units even in tetani without sag suggested that the factors responsible for sag were expressed in the absence of overt sag. The time-to-peak force (TTP) of the individual contractions during a tetanus decreased in tetani with sag. Differences in the pattern of TTP change during a tetanus were consistent with the differences in force maximum location between tetani exhibiting simple and complex sag. Tetani from motor units that never exhibited sag did not display a net decrease in TTP during successive contractions. These data were consistent with the initial force decrement of sag resulting from a transient reduction in the duration of the contractile state.
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Ćakić, Elena, Suzana Hađina, Krešimir Martinković, Vladimir Stevanović, Matko Perharić, Iva Šmit, Josipa Habuš, and Zrinka Štritof. "Tetanus u pasa." Veterinarska stanica 53, no. 6 (April 29, 2022): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.6.10.

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Tetanus je akutna zarazna bolest u pasa koja nastaje uslijed djelovanja neurotoksina bakterije C. tetani. Ulazna vrata su najčešće ubodne rane ili ozljede na koži. Inkubacija može trajati u vremenskom rasponu od tri dana do tri tjedna. Razlikujemo dva klinička oblika bolesti: lokalizirani i generalizirani. Kod lokaliziranog oblika vidljiva je ukočenost ekstremiteta na kojem se nalazi ozljeda ili rana. Tipični klinički znaci generalizirang oblika bolesti su grč muskulature lica, a tijekom progresije bolesti dolazi do generalizirane ukočenosti svih ekstremiteta, intermitentnih toničkih grčeva dišne muskulature te spastične paralize. Bolest je popraćena brojnim komplikacijama, a letalan ishod posljedica je respiratornog ili srčanog zastoja. Dijagnostika se temelji na detaljnoj anamnezi i tipičnoj kliničkoj slici. Liječenje tetanusa uključuje kiruršku obradu rane, neutralizaciju slobodnog neurotoksina antitoksinom, sprječavanje daljnjeg umnažanja bakterije C. tetani antimikrobnim pripravcima te potpornu terapiju. Sam proces liječenja je dugotrajan, a prognoza i ishod bolesti ne ovise samo o obliku i tijeku bolesti već i o njezinom pravovremenom prepoznavanju te adekvatnom liječenju. Uz sve navedeno potrebno je naglasiti da još uvijek ne postoji jedinstveni pristup liječenju ove bolesti u pasa. Imunoprofilaksa tetanusa u pasa se ne provodi.
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Popoff, Michel R. "Tetanus in animals." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720906814.

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Tetanus is a neurologic disease of humans and animals characterized by spastic paralysis. Tetanus is caused by tetanus toxin (TeNT) produced by Clostridium tetani, an environmental soilborne, gram-positive, sporulating bacterium. The disease most often results from wound contamination by soil containing C. tetani spores. Horses, sheep, and humans are highly sensitive to TeNT, whereas cattle, dogs, and cats are more resistant. The diagnosis of tetanus is mainly based on the characteristic clinical signs. Identification of C. tetani at the wound site is often difficult.
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Hao, Nguyen Van, Nguyen Ngoc My Huyen, Nguyen Thi Han Ny, Vo Thi Nhu Trang, Nguyen Van Minh Hoang, Duong Bich Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Nguyen, et al. "The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 2 (August 11, 2021): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0146.

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ABSTRACT. Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C. tetani. Anti-tetanus toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Clostridium tetani toxigenicity was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Toxigenic C. tetani was cultured from stool samples in 50 of 100 (50%) tetanus cases and 12 of 28 (42.9%) control subjects (P = 0.50), and stool samples of 44 of 85 (52.4%) tetanus cases with clinically identified wounds compared with 6 of 15 (47.6%) patients without clinically identified wounds (P = 0.28). Nine of 12 (75%) control subjects with toxigenic C. tetani in their stool samples lacked protective antibody concentrations. These findings fail to show evidence of an association between gastrointestinal C. tetani and tetanus infection, but emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
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Andrade, Luiz Augusto F., and Sonia Maria D. Brucki. "Botulinum toxin A for trismus in cephalic tetanus." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 52, no. 3 (September 1994): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1994000300021.

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Cephalic tetanus is a localized form of tetanus. As in generalized forms , trismus is a prominent feature of the disease, leading to considerable difficulty in feeding, swallowing of the saliva and mouth hygiene. These difficulties often precede respiratory problems and aspiration bronchopneumonia is a frequent life-threatening complication. Muscle relaxants other than curare drugs may show a limited benefit for relieving trismus. Tetanospasmin, the tetanic neurotoxin, and botulinum toxin share many similarities, having a closely related chemical structure, an origin from related microorganisms (Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively), and presumably, the same mechanisms of action in the neuron. The difference between the two lies in their peculiar neurospecificity, acting in different neurons. Injection of minute doses of botulinum toxin in the muscles involved in focal dystonias or other localized spastic disorders have proved to be very effective in these conditions. We describe the use of botulinum toxin A in the successful treatment of trismus in a patient suffering from cephalic tetanus. We believe that this form of treatment may be of value in lowering the risk of pulmonary complications in tetanic patients.
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Möller, Jens, Max Edmund Kraner, and Andreas Burkovski. "More than a Toxin: Protein Inventory of Clostridium tetani Toxoid Vaccines." Proteomes 7, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7020015.

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Clostridium tetani is the etiological agent of tetanus, a life-threatening bacterial infection. The most efficient protection strategy against tetanus is a vaccination with the C. tetani neurotoxin, which is inactivated by formaldehyde-crosslinking. Since we assumed that besides the tetanus toxin, other proteins of C. tetani may also be present in toxoid preparations, we analyzed commercially available vaccines from different countries in respect to their protein content using mass spectrometry. In total 991 proteins could be identified in all five analyzed vaccines, 206 proteins were common in all analyzed vaccines and 54 proteins from the 206 proteins were potential antigens. The additionally present proteins may contribute at least partially to protection against C. tetani infection by supporting the function of the vaccine against the devastating effects of the tetanus toxin indirectly. Two different label-free protein quantification methods were applied for an estimation of protein contents. Similar results were obtained with a Total Protein Approach (TPA)-based method and Protein Discoverer 2.2 software package based on the minora algorithm. Depending on the tetanus toxoid vaccine and the quantification method used, tetanus neurotoxin contributes between 14 and 76 % to the total C. tetani protein content and varying numbers of other C. tetani proteins were detected.
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B.B.V, Ramanan, Ajit Kumar Pegu, Anupam Dutta, Arjit Das, and Sanchu T. K. Sreeraj. "Cephalic Tetanus without Injury – A Rare Presentation of Tetanus." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 1555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/324.

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Tetanus is a rare, severe, and potentially life-threatening disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which accounted 58,900 deaths worldwide in 2013.1 Usually tetanus is generalized, rarely it can be localized also. 20-30% of cases will not have any puncture wound. In this case report, we present a case of tetanus with rare manifestation (localized tetanus presented with trismus without any puncture wound). Multiple rare associations like tetanus presenting with trismus, tetanus occurring in the absence of puncture wound strengthens the need for reporting this case which if left unnoticed would have been detrimental to the patient.
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Ali, Rizvan. "Management of Tetanus in Burns: Current Clinical Guidelines in the Emergency Department." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 12, no. 05 (May 29, 2024): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2024.v12i05.027.

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Tetanus remains a significant concern in patients with burns due to the potential contamination of wounds with Clostridium tetani spores. Prompt and appropriate management in the emergency department (ED) is vital to prevent tetanus-related complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current clinical guidelines for the management of tetanus in burns in the ED setting, emphasizing tetanus vaccination, wound management, tetanus immune globulin (TIG) administration, antibiotic prophylaxis, and monitoring strategies.
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Catherine, K., Johny Vakayil Francis, and Sarath Babu. "Successful management of severe tetanus in a 10-year-old unvaccinated girl: A case report." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 11, no. 2 (2024): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_79_23.

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Tetanus is a potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which produces muscle spasms, autonomic dysfunction, and respiratory failure by the action of a powerful neurotoxin. Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination, proper wound care, and tetanus prophylaxis, but it remains a significant public health concern in regions with inadequate vaccination coverage. We report a case of severe tetanus in an unvaccinated 10-year-old girl following a tetanus prone injury on her right big toe and was treated with antibiotics, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, sedatives, neuromuscular blockers, and tracheostomy with mechanical ventilation. She recovered after 28 days of supportive multi-disciplinary intensive care and was discharged with no neurological sequelae.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tetanus"

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Farzad, Zohreh (Emami Aleagha). "Studies on anti-tetanus antibodies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23886.

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Lam, Nu Tra Mi Veena Sirisook. "A Predictive model of neonatal tetanus preventive intention among women in Nihn Phuoc district, Vietnam /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938060.pdf.

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Michaelides, Alecos. "Chemical and enzymatic fragmentation of tetanus toxin and immunological studies on anti-tetanus toxin and toxoid sera." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9661.

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This thesis describes the immunization protocols for the production of antibodies against tetanus toxin and toxoid in guinea pigs and mice. Antibodies were successfully raised against the toxin without mortalities in either species. The murine sera obtained, were isotyped by ELISA and the toxin was proven to be a superior antigen in eliciting production of IgG$\rm\sb{2a}$ and IgG$\sb3$. The two isotypes which have demonstrated antitumor activity. The anti-toxoid sera exhibited a lower reactivity towards the toxin and toxoid when compared with anti-toxin sera. The reactivity of recombinant tetanus toxin fragment C was studied and the results indicated that in the murine serum, 72% of anti-toxin or anti-toxoid antibodies were directed against epitopes on fragment C. The study of the guinea pig sera suggested that similar to mouse serum, it can develop in response to toxin as an antigen, antibodies against toxin which are mostly directed against the fragment C portion. On the other hand. guinea pigs seem to respond to the toxoid as an antigen by producing antibodies to more than fragment C. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Saleh, Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar. "Prevalence of Neonatal Tetanus in Northeastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/166.

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Although efforts have been made towards improving the health of children across the globe with notable results, neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains a major contributor to the neonatal death rates in Nigeria. This problem calls for a concerted effort by the government to achieve the revised global NNT elimination deadline of 2015. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study using secondary data was to establish the prevalence of NNT in Nigeria's northeast region and to ascertain if there was any significant difference in frequency of antenatal care (ANC), trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs), and umbilical cord treatments, using single sample proportions test and chi-squared tests of independence. The framework for this research was the theory of planned behavior. The participants (N = 312) were mothers of NNT babies. In spite a continual decline in the NNT cases between 2010 (26%) and 2013 (9%), the prevalence rate of NNT was unacceptably high at 28.815%. Also, significant differences existed as mothers who gave birth to NNT babies received significantly fewer or no ANC (p < 0.001), received significantly fewer or no attention from TBAs (p < 0.001), and reported significantly fewer incidences of proper umbilical cord treatments (p < 0.001). The chi-squared tests of independence resulted in significant differences in the frequencies of mothers who received ANC between Nigerian provinces (p < 0.001) and mothers who had their baby's umbilical cord treated (p = 0.005). This study will contribute to social change by guiding health care policy makers and immunization program managers on maternal and newborn health care services and indicate ways to build capacity of the TBAs for safe home delivery/hygienic handling of umbilical cord of newborns.
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Brüggemann, Holger. "Die vollständige Entschlüsselung der Genomsequenz des Tetanus-Erregers Clostridium tetani und die Analyse seines genetischen Potentials." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969514581.

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Thwaites, Catherine Louise. "Prognosis and treatment of tetanus in southern Vietnam." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419889.

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Johnston, Louise. "Transcutaneous immunisation with antigens derived from tetanus toxin." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4657.

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Transcutaneous immunisation (TCI) is a novel needle-free method of vaccine delivery, which involves the application of soluble antigens onto the surface of intact skin. In this thesis, the immunogenicity and neutralising potency of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) fragments were compared to that of tetanus toxoid (TTxd) following TCI. In addition, to understand the mechanisms of induction of immune response by TCI, in vitro and in vivo interaction of tetanus proteins with skin immune cells was also investigated. The 50kDa recombinant carboxyl-terminal fragment of tetanus toxin (HCWT) and a 50kDa HC mutant(HCM115) which is devoid of neuronal binding properties, were expressed and purified by affinity chromatography, and excess endotoxin removed by size exclusion chromatography. Mice immunized with HCWT, in the absence of adjuvant, induced the highest anti-toxoid and anti-HCWT antibody titers, with significant increases in the toxin neutralising antibody response when compared with TTxd. In vitro studies demonstrated that both HC fragments and TTxd were capable of up regulating the surface expression of activation marker ICAM-1 on murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (DC), but not on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RealtimeRT-PCR) analysis showed that TNF-α expression was up regulated in vivo as early as 10 minutes following TCI, and this was caused by shaving rather than by tetanus proteins themselves. Immunohistochemistry staining to monitor the translocation of HCWT fragment and TTxd through the skin following TCI showed that HCWT protein could be detected in both the epidermis and dermis within four hours post-application. However, TTxd translocation appeared to be much slower in comparison. Collectively, the results presented in this thesis suggest that TCI may provide an opportunity for effective delivery of toxin-like antigens, which harbor protective epitopes and that traditional toxoid proteins may not be optimal antigens for skin immunisation.
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Sheppard, A. J. "Studies on production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to tetanus toxin, and their use for developing immunopurified tetanus toxoid and toxin." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235280.

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Whelan, Sarah Michelle. "Molecular characterisation and detection of clostridial neurotoxin genes." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357194.

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Nass, Shafique Sani. "Evaluation of Active and Passive Neonatal Tetanus Surveillance Systems in Katsina State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2095.

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The incidence and mortality rates of neonatal tetanus (NNT) remain underreported in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was guided by the Mosley and Chen's model for the elements of child survival in developing countries. The goals of the study were twofold: (a) to compare the NNT prevalence and the mortality rates from the existing surveillance system and active surveillance of health facility records in 7 selected health facilities from 2010 to 2014 in Katsina state, Nigeria and (b) to assess the associations between selected NNT risk factors, number of maternal tetanus toxoid injections, frequency of antenatal visits, place of delivery, and cord care, and neonatal mortality as the outcome variable. Data from 332 NNT records were extracted through retrospective records review and analyzed using a logistic regression model. The prevalence of NNT and mortality rate were 336 cases and 3.4 deaths per 100,000 population, respectively, while the prevalence of NNT and mortality rate reported through the IDSR system were 111 cases and 1.0 death per 100,000 population, respectively. Only neonates whose mothers had 1 dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine were significantly associated with NNT mortality, (p < 0.05), OR = 4.12, 95% CI [1.04, 16.29]. Frequency of antenatal visits, place of delivery, and cord care were all not significant predictors of NNT mortality. Implications for positive social change include gaining knowledge on associations between NNT risk factors and neonatal mortality, and strengthening the NNT surveillance system with the capacity for early detection of potential risk factors to develop specific public health interventions aimed at improving the outcome of neonatal tetanus.
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Books on the topic "Tetanus"

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Udwadia, Farokh Erach. Tetanus. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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DasGupta, Bibhuti R., ed. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9542-4.

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Zamula, Evelyn. Adults need tetanus shots, too. [Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 1996.

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International, Conference on Tetanus (8th 1987 Leningrad R. S. F. S. R. ). Eighth International Conference on Tetanus. Rome: Pythagora Press, 1989.

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Köhlke, Karin. Tetanus beim Pferd: Eine Literaturstudie. Hannover: [s.n.], 1985.

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Organization, Pan American Health. Neonatal tetanus elimination: Field guide. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 2005.

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Inmunización, Programa Ampliado de, Pan American Health Organization, and World Health Organization, eds. Neonatal tetanus elimination field guide. Washington, DC: The Organization, 1993.

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L, Simpson Lance, ed. Botulinum neurotoxin and tetanus toxin. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.

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Afonso, Marilia Cabral Rodrigues Coelho. Estudo evolutivo dos doentes com tetano: Experiencia do serviço de medicina no periodo 1987-1989. Luanda: Hospital Josina Machel, Serviço de Medicina I, 1996.

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Nooy, Richard De. Six fang marks and a tetanus shot. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tetanus"

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Hussein, Mansour F. "Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)." In Infectious Diseases of Dromedary Camels, 191–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79389-0_31.

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Alola, Sulaiman Al. "Tetanus." In Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 1051–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_94.

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Cioffi, William G., Michael D. Connolly, Charles A. Adams, Mechem C. Crawford, Aaron Richman, William H. Shoff, Catherine T. Shoff, et al. "Tetanus." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 2200–2206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_859.

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Sutter, Roland W., Walter A. Orenstein, and Steven G. F. Wassilak. "Tetanus." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 741–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_38.

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Kretz, Franz-Josef, Jürgen Schäffer, and Tom Terboven. "Tetanus." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 383–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44771-0_27.

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Larsen, Reinhard. "Tetanus." In Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin für die Fachpflege, 998–1001. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50444-4_72.

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Larsen, Reinhard. "Tetanus." In Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, 1239–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00514-9_76.

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Müller, H. "Tetanus." In Portkathetersysteme, 128–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50265-1_16.

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McGrew, Roderick E. "Tetanus." In Encyclopedia of Medical History, 335–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05429-9_18.

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Larsen, Reinhard. "Tetanus." In Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin für die Fachpflege, 1000–1003. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28291-1_74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tetanus"

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Brum, Sara Julia Zorzi de, Eduarda Pilati, Haniel Willen Araújo Souza, Jackson Pagno Lunelli, Raimundo Maurício dos Santos, Sarah Gondim Santos Paulino, Ivana Loraine Lindemann, Renata dos Santos Rabello, and Ana Luísa Casado Brasil Dozza. "Epidemiology of accidental tetanus in Brazil from 2009-2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.197.

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Background: Accidental tetanus is an infectious disease caused by acute intoxication from Clostridium tetani’s exotoxin. Manifestations include intermittent tonic spasms due to central nervous system’s hyperexcitability. Objectives: To estimate the lethality rate and describe the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with accidental tetanus in Brazil. Design and setting: Ecological descriptive study developed at Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Passo Fundo, Brazil. Methods: The data was obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). All cases confirmed in Brazil from 2009 to 2019 were included. Variables sex, skin color, age group, outcome and region of notification were selected. Descriptive statistics were used based on absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies and the lethality rate was calculated. Results: 2,969 cases were included, with a 34% decrease from 2009 to 2019. The majority were male (85.3%), brown people (51%), age group of 40-59 years (39.9%) and in the northeast region (33.3%). Cure was seen in 52.5% and the lethality rate was 32.3%. Conclusions: Though cases reduced, accidental tetanus still is a public health issue because of its high lethality rate. Immunization, offered by the Brazilian public health system, can prevent it, indicating the necessity to increase immunization rates.
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Hahn, Janina, Ayla Grages, Thomas Hoffmann, and Fabian Sommer. "Tetanus nach unklarem Sturzereignis." In 95. Jahresversammlung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V., Bonn. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1784054.

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Hahn, Janina, Ayla Grages, Thomas Hoffmann, and Fabian Sommer. "Tetanus after unsupervised fall." In 95th Annual Meeting German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery e. V., Bonn. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1784621.

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GOMPERTS, E. D., and K. WEINBERG. "LOSS OF IMMUNE TO RECALL ANTIGENS IN THERE HIV+ HEMOPHILIC CHILDREN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644140.

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Three children with severe inherited bleeding disorders have been followed for a number of years at this center. One child (DOB 3/71) initially presented with mild hemophilia A, (Factor VIII 6%). He subsequently developed an inhibitor to Factor VIII (maximum 45 B. U.) and seroconverted to HIV+ Status 12/83. In 12/86 he had virtually lost his antibody response to infused Factor VIII (previously withheld), with a maximum increase in inhibitor titre to1 B. U. on challenge. In addition, his antitetanus antibody titre was very low at 0.01 u/ml earlier in theyear. His absolute T4 cell number at this time was very low at 64 and did not respond to skin antigen testing to PPD, tetanus and Candida.The second patient (severe hemophilia A DOB 7/76) had seroconvertedto HIV+ Status in 9/78. This child has lost his a-HBs seropositive status with an absolute T4 count of 239. His current anti-tetanus titre is 0.01 u/ml.The third patient (von Willebrand disease, Type III, DOB 7/74) seroconverted to HIV+E status by 5/83. His T4 absolute numbers have fallen to 53. His anti-tetanus antibody titre has fallen to extremely low levels (0.01 u/ml), and this failed to respond to re-immunization with tetanus toxoid. These three patients indicate that previously immunized children may lose their immune status and their ability to respond to recall antigens. It is pertinent to note that lymphocytes from all 3 patients failed to respond mitogenically in vitro to tetanus antigen pari passu with the observed very low anti-tetanus antibody titres. These phenomena would indicate that these patients are probably susceptible to previously preventable infectious agents including poliovirus, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B virus.
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Zitzl, J., J. Dyckers, A. Güssow, K. Hazuchova, and H. Lehmann. "Tetanus beim Hund – 42 Fälle." In 29. Jahrestagung der FG „Innere Medizin und klinische Labordiagnostik“ der DVG (InnLab) – Teil 2: Poster. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723898.

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Ribeiro, Fernanda Cristina Poscai, Victória Lobato Santos, Vitor da Nóbrega Nascimento, and Camille Cipriano Vanini Tupinambá de Oliveira. "The epidemiology of accidental tetanus in Brazil." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.462.

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Introduction: Tetanus is an acute intoxication caused by tetanospasmin, which binds irreversibly to spinal cord and brainstem receptors, being taken there through retrograde axonal transport, blocking inhibitory neurotransmission, promoting muscle contraction, spasms and a hypersympathetic state. Methods: The work is a descriptive study that statistically analyzes and describes the cases of accidental tetanus in Brazil between 2012 and 2022 through data obtained by the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). Results: The total number of cases was 2.596 and 846 progressed to death. The annual media was 236 cases. From 2012 to 2022, the percentage change in the number of annual new cases was -38.55%, demonstrating a drop in the number of cases. Also, the percentage change in the lethality from 2012 to 2022 was -76.53%. Among the regions, Northeast had the highest prevence (31.9%). Regarding skin color/ethnicity is: White: 32.51%; Black: 8.35%; Brown: 52.54%. The most affected age group was 40–59 years old (n% = 39.21). Of the 846 reported deaths, 313/846 occurred in this age group. About sex, 2212 cases ocurred in men. Data on the education show that 129 were illiterate; 29.9% have an incomplete secondary education; 8.16% have completed secondary education; Ignored/blank: 47.45%. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in cases, a reflection of greater vaccination coverage, tetanus still has a high lethality. The increase in cases with aging, but still in working age can be explained by the reduction of reflexes, ability and visual acuity. The pattern of higher prevalence in men can be elucidate by the work distribution, in which they are the majority in professions with higher risk, such as agriculture and construction. Furthermore, there is a pattern of low education linked to a greater number of cases, which can be explained by the work pattern and low adherence to vaccination campaigns in these groups.
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Sommacal, Laurent, Pierre Melchior, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Alain Oustaloup, and Auke Jan Ijspeert. "Fractional Model of a Gastrocnemius Muscle for Tetanus Pattern." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84864.

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This study talks about gastrocnemius muscle identification. During biological activation, every contractile structure is unsynchronized. Likewise, contraction and relaxation phases depend on all contractile elements, the activation type and the state of health. Moreover, gastrocnemius muscle is composed of three fibre types: Fast Fatigable (FF), Fast Resistant (FR) and Slow (S) fibres. Some recent works highlight a fractal structure of the muscle, which consolidate the approach based on the use of a non integer (or fractal) model to characterize its dynamic behavior. A fractional structure model, due to its infinite dimension nature, is particularly adapted to model complex systems with few parameters and to obtain a real time exploitable model. According to its complexity, muscle structure and activation mechanisms, and to these previous considerations, an identification based on fractional model is presented. A model is proposed for the tetanus pattern response in a high tiredness state. It is based on a multi-model structure, which corresponds to the decomposition in contraction and relaxation phases. This multi-model structure is expected to be included subsequently in agonist-antagonist structure.
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Ghiya, Rahul, Bhibukalyani Das, and Indranil Ghosh. "A0038 A Rare Case of Cephalic Tetanus: Diagnostic Dilemma." In 20th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC). Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1684145.

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Natarajan, Naveen Ramji, Thamaraiselvi, A. S. Arunkumar, Kalaiselvan, and S. Gowtham. "Tetanus in the Era of Vaccination: A Case Report." In ISACON KARNATAKA 2017 33rd Annual Conference of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), Karnataka State Chapter. Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/isacon-karnataka/2017/ep127.

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Collins, J., J. Tepper, and G. Smithson. "A Case of Tetanus Associated with Intravenous Drug Use." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1621.

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Reports on the topic "Tetanus"

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Amy, Brian W., William F. McManus, Basil A. Pruitt, and Jr. Tetanus Following a Major Thermal Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada162127.

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Henderson, Terry J., and Rossitza K. Gitti. Conformational Changes in Small Ligands Upon Tetanus Toxin Binding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485632.

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Rogers, Terry B. Mechanism of Action of the Presynaptic Neurotoxin, Tetanus Toxin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246780.

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Rogers, Terry B. Mechanism of Action of the Presynaptic Neurotoxins Tetanus Toxin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246495.

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Lewin, Simon, Sebastián García Martí, Agustín Ciapponi, Shaun Treweek, and Andy Oxman. What are the effects of interventions to improve childhood vaccination coverage? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/16081605.

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Routine vaccination during childhood is considered to be the single most effective way of controlling many infectious diseases, including measles, polio, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, and reducing child mortality and morbidity. However, not all children receive their recommended vaccinations. Different approaches that aim to increase childhood vaccination coverage include health education, monetary incentives for clients, provider oriented interventions, system interventions such as integration, home visits and reminders for parents.
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Cosman, M., L. Zeller, F. C. Lightstone, V. V. Krishnan, and R. Balhorn. Screening Mixtures of Small Molecules for Binding to Multiple Sites on the Surface Tetanus Toxin C Fragment by Bioaffinity NMR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15005029.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. Do birth kits improve newborn and maternal outcomes? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161012.

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Sepsis is one of the conditions contributing significantly to both maternal and newborn mortality. Poor hygiene during the intrapartum period has been recognised as a critical risk factor for sepsis. Clean birth is an essential intervention estimated to avert 20–30% of newborn deaths due to sepsis and tetanus, and requires the availability of a few essential supplies. Since birth kits have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a means of ensuring supplies and to ‘strengthen standards of cleanliness’ in home deliveries, more than 50 low and middle income countries have introduced birth kits, which are now receiving renewed international interest.
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Corbacho, Ana, Steve Brito, and Rene Osorio Rivas. Does Birth Underregistration Reduce Childhood Immunization?: Evidence from the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011512.

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Birth registration is not only a fundamental human right, but also a requirement for obtaining additional documents, proving legal identity, and accessing a number of government benefits. Yet, little is known about the effects of birth under-registration on access to health care. Using data from the Dominican Republic, this paper is the first to shed light on the causal impact of the lack of birth registration on childhood immunization, one of the key components of public services in many developing countries. Controlling for potential endogeneity and standard socioeconomic determinants of immunization, this paper finds that children between 0 and 59 months of age that do not have birth certificates are behind by nearly one vaccine (out of a total of nine) compared to those that have birth certificates. The results are robust to several robustness tests and threats to the exclusion restriction of the instrumental variables. Birth under-registration specifically reduces the probability of vaccination against polio, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus--once leading causes of child morbidity and infant mortality. In addition, untimely vaccination costs governments billions per year in treatment and rehabilitation.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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