Academic literature on the topic 'Testosterone'
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Journal articles on the topic "Testosterone"
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Andriyanto, Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas, Raden Yufiandri, Regina Wulandari, Vinda Mulyetti Darwin, and Santa Nova A. Siburi. "Performa dan Kecernaan Pakan Ayam Broiler yang diberi Hormon Testosteron dengan Dosis Bertingkat." Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2016): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.3.1.29-37.
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Testosteron merupakan salah satu hormon anabolik yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan massa otot dan tulang. Hormon testosteron mampu merangsang sekresi growth hormone yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian hormon testosteron dengan dosis bertingkat terhadap performa dan kecernaan pakan ayam broiler. Sebanyak 44 ekor ayam broiler berumur 15 hari dengan rata-rata bobot badan antara 650 ± 71 g dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (K, T1, T2, dan T3). K adalah kelompok kontrol; T1, T2, dan T3 adalah kelompok yang diberi testosteron dosis 1, 2, dan 4 mg per ekor. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, rasio konversi pakan, serta persentase kandungan nutrisi (di dalam pakan dan feses). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian testosteron dosis 1 dan 4 mg dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan harian secara signifikan (p<0,05) pada ayam broiler yang berumur antara 15 dan 18 hari. Testosteron dosis 2 mg meningkatkan bobot badan harian secara signifikan (p<0,05) pada ayam broiler yang berumur antara 21 dan 24 hari. Konsumsi pakan, rasio konversi pakan, dan kecernaan pakan ayam broiler yang diberi hormon testosteron tidak menunjukkan perbedaan dibanding dengan kontrol. Akan tetapi, pada kelompok yang diberi testosteron dosis 4 mg, nilai kecernaan lemak, protein, dan karbohidrat cenderung meningkat.Kata kunci: broiler, kecernaan, pertambahan bobot badan harian, proksimat, testosteron (Broiler Chickens Performance and Feed Digestibility Treated with Multi-Dose Testosterone Hormone)Testosterone is one of the anabolic hormone that can trigger the growth of muscle mass and bone. Testosterone hormone can stimulate secretion of growth hormone that has a role in growth. The aim of this research was to observe the administration of multi-dose testosterone hormone on broiler chickens performance and feed digestibility. Fourty four broiler chickens 15 days old with average weight 650 ± 71 g were divided into 4 groups (K, T1, T2, and T3). K was control group; T1, T2, and T3 were groups which given testosterone dose 1, 2, and 4 mg each chicken. Parameters measured were body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutritions percentage (in feed and feces). The results showed that testosterone dose 1 and 4 mg could increase the daily body weight gain significantly (p<0.05) in broiler chickens aged between 15 and 18 days old. Testosterone dose 2 mg could increase the daily body weight gain significantly (p<0.05) in broiler chickens aged between 21 and 24 days old. Feed consumption, FCR, and feed digestibility of chickens given testosterone did not show any difference compare with control. However, in group which given testosterone dose 4 mg, the digestibility values of fat, protein, and carbohydrates tended to increase.Keywords: broiler, digestibility, daily body weight gain, proximate, testosterone
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Qadarsina, Qadarsina, Dasrul Dasrul, and Sri Wahyuni. "Konsentrasi Hormon Testosteron Kerbau Simeulue dan Korelasinya dengan Tingkat Umur dan Lingkar Skrotum." Jurnal Agripet 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v19i1.8692.
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi hormon testosteron kerbau Simeulue dan korelasinya dengan tingkat umur dan lingkar skrotum. Sebanyak 15 ekor kerbau Simeulue jantan dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu umur 2,1-3,0 tahun; 3,1-4,0 tahun, dan 4,1-5,0 tahun. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis varian satu arah dan selanjutnya diuji dengan uji berganda Duncan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, lingkar skrotum dengan konsentrasi hormon testosteron digunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis pada lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05). Lingkar skrotum dan kadar testosteron serum umur 2,1- 3,0 tahun berbeda secara nyata (P0,05) dengan umur 3,1- 4,0 tahun dan 4,1 - 5,0 tahun. Terdapat hubungan yang nyata (P0,05) antara konsentrasi hormon testosteron dengan umur dan lingkar skrotum, dengan persamaan regresi Y = -4,925-0,436 X1 + 0,697 X2. dengan nilai koefesien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,675 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) sebesar 0,455. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkar skrotum (X2) berpengaruh sebesar 67,10 % terhadap konsentrasi hormon testosteron, lebih tinggi dibanding umur (X1) yang berpengaruh sebesar 46,60%. Kesimpulan, umur berpengaruh terhadap lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron kerbau Simeulue. Kerbau Simeulue berumur 4,1 - 5,0 tahun memiliki korelasi yang lebih kuat dari pada kerbau Simeulue umur 2,1 - 3,0 dan 3,1 - 4,0 tahun terhadap lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi testosteron. (Testosterone hormone concentration of Simeulue buffalo and its correlation with age level and the scrotum circumference) ABSTRACT . The objective of this study was to determine the testosterone hormone concentration of Simeulue buffalo and its correlation with age level and the scrotum circumference. Fifteen male Simeulue buffalo were divided into three groups: 2.1 - 3.0 years; 3.1-4.0 and 4.1-5.0 years where each group consists of five buffaloes. The parameter observed consisted of age, scrotal circumference and testosterone hormone concentration. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The difference is tested with Duncan multiple tests. Meanwhile, simple regression analysis was used to testing the relationship between age and scrotal circumference with testosterone hormone concentration. The results showed that the scrotal circumferences and testosterone hormone concentration have significant differences (P 0.05). Scrotal circumference and testosterone level of 2.1-3.0 years were significantly different (P 0.05) with age 3.1- 4.0 years and 4.1 - 5.0 years. Additionally, there is a relationship (P0,05) between testosterone hormone concentration with age and scrotal circumference, with correlation coefficient value (r) = 0.675 and determination coefficient(r2) = 0,455, with regression equality Y =- 4,925 - 0,436 X1 + 0,697 X2. In conclusion, age affected the scrotal circumference and testosterone hormone concentration in the Simeulue buffalo. 4.1 - 5.0 years Simeulue buffalo has stronger correlation than 2.1 - 3.0 and 3.1 - 4.0 years of Simeulue Buffalo at scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration.
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Bhasin, Shalendar. "How Does Testosterone Augment the Anabolic Response to Exercise in Frail Older Adults?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1146.
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Abstract Testosterone treatment increases muscle mass, strength, and leg power in menopausal women, hypogonadal men, older men with mobility limitation, COPD and ESRD. Testosterone's effects on muscle mass and strength are augmented by exercise training and growth hormone. Testosterone treatment improves some measures of physical performance, such as stair climbing power and aerobic capacity; the improvements in gait speed have been modest. Testosterone increases muscle mass by inducing the hypertrophy of type 1 and 2 muscle fibers, and by increasing satellite cell number. Testosterone promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells into myogenic lineage and inhibits their differentiation into adipogenic lineage by activating Wnt-target genes, including follistatin that plays an important role in mediating testosterone's effects on the muscle. Testosterone also increases polyamine synthesis in the muscle. Combined administration of testosterone plus multi-component exercise intervention that includes functional training may be needed to improve function and mobility in older adults.
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Nave, Gideon, Amos Nadler, David Zava, and Colin Camerer. "Single-Dose Testosterone Administration Impairs Cognitive Reflection in Men." Psychological Science 28, no. 10 (August 3, 2017): 1398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617709592.
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In nonhumans, the sex steroid testosterone regulates reproductive behaviors such as fighting between males and mating. In humans, correlational studies have linked testosterone with aggression and disorders associated with poor impulse control, but the neuropsychological processes at work are poorly understood. Building on a dual-process framework, we propose a mechanism underlying testosterone’s behavioral effects in humans: reduction in cognitive reflection. In the largest study of behavioral effects of testosterone administration to date, 243 men received either testosterone or placebo and took the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), which estimates the capacity to override incorrect intuitive judgments with deliberate correct responses. Testosterone administration reduced CRT scores. The effect remained after we controlled for age, mood, math skills, whether participants believed they had received the placebo or testosterone, and the effects of 14 additional hormones, and it held for each of the CRT questions in isolation. Our findings suggest a mechanism underlying testosterone’s diverse effects on humans’ judgments and decision making and provide novel, clear, and testable predictions.
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Constantino, John N. "Dominance and aggression over the life course: Timing and direction of causal influences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 3 (June 1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9831122x.
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Studies of testosterone's effect on dominance are confounded by the effects of dominance experiences on testosterone. Furthermore, antisocial behavior tends to originate prepubertally, when testosterone levels are the same for aggressive males, nonaggressive males, and females. It seems more parsimonious to view variation in testosterone as an effect of dominance-related mood states than to invoke a reciprocal model.
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Grotzinger, Andrew D., Frank D. Mann, Megan W. Patterson, Jennifer L. Tackett, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, and K. Paige Harden. "Hair and Salivary Testosterone, Hair Cortisol, and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents." Psychological Science 29, no. 5 (February 14, 2018): 688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617742981.
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Although testosterone is associated with aggression in the popular imagination, previous research on the links between testosterone and human aggression has been inconsistent. This inconsistency might be because testosterone’s effects on aggression depend on other moderators. In a large adolescent sample ( N = 984, of whom 460 provided hair samples), we examined associations between aggression and salivary testosterone, hair testosterone, and hair cortisol. Callous-unemotional traits, parental monitoring, and peer environment were examined as potential moderators of hormone-behavior associations. Salivary testosterone was not associated with aggression. Hair testosterone significantly predicted increased aggression, particularly at low levels of hair cortisol (i.e., Testosterone × Cortisol interaction). This study is the first to examine the relationship between hair hormones and externalizing behaviors and adds to the growing literature that indicates that androgenic effects on human behavior are contingent on aspects of the broader endocrine environment—in particular, levels of cortisol.
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Linares, Mauricio, José Luis Pruneda-Paz, Luciana Reyna, and Susana Genti-Raimondi. "Regulation of testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112, no. 1-3 (November 2008): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.09.011.
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Fedy, Bradley C., and Bridget J. M. Stutchbury. "Testosterone Does not Increase in Response to Conspecific Challenges in the White-Bellied Antbird (Myrmeciza Longipes), A Resident Tropical Passerine." Auk 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.61.
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Abstract Resident tropical passerines that exhibit year-round territorial aggression do not fit well into the temperate-zone model, because testosterone does not increase substantially during the breeding season. We studied patterns of testosterone secretion in the White-bellied Antbird (Myrmeciza longipes), a resident tropical species in Panama that maintains territories year-round and is capable of aggression throughout the year, regardless of its stage of reproduction. Levels of plasma testosterone were low (mean = 0.30 ng mL−1) throughout the breeding and nonbreeding seasons and did not differ between them. Testosterone also did not increase in response to simulated conspecific intrusions. When we used temporary removal experiments to induce natural, extended conflict between males, testosterone levels did not increase in response to the extended social instability that resulted. White-bellied Antbirds demonstrate an apparent uncoupling of testosterone and territorial aggression throughout the year. La Testosterona no Aumenta como Respuesta a Desafíos de Individuos Coespecíficos en Myrmeciza longipes, un Paserino Residente de la Zona Tropical
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Balvočius, Antanas. "Vyrų sutrikusios lytinės funkcijos androgeniniai aspektai." Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.4.2302.
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Antanas BalvočiusTarptautinis medicinos centras Union Clinic Vilnius,Tilto g. 1/2, VilniusEl paštas: balvociusa@delfi.lt Įvadas / tikslas Lytinių steroidinių hormonų endokrininiai sutrikimai neigiamai paveikia vyrų lytinę funkciją. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti pagyvenusių vyrų lytinės disfunkcijos tyrimų ir gydymo rezultatus, apžvelgti mokslinę literatūrą apie endokrininę vyrų lytinės disfunkcijos patofiziologiją, diagnostiką ir gydymą. Ligoniai ir metodai Nuo lytinės disfunkcijos gydyti 64 pagyvenę (50–75 metų, vidutinis amžius 59 metai) vyrai. Erekcijos sutrikimai pagal TEFR-5 skalę svyravo nuo 11 iki 21 balo (vidutiniškai 15,5). Testosterono (T) kraujo serume buvo nuo 15,8 iki 4,6 nmol/L. Mažiau kaip 11 nmol/L rasta 44 vyrams (69%). Pavartoję FDE-5 inhibitorių, erekcijos kokybe buvo nepatenkinti iš 64 net 46 ligoniai, iš jų 35 ligoniams buvo taikytas kombinuotasis gydymas: 250 mg testosterono injekcijos į raumenis kas trys savaitės ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitorius 1 valandą prieš lytinius santykius. Po 3 mėn. lytinės funkcijos pagal TEFR-5 skalę didesnis kaip 21 balas buvo 30 ligonių (85,7%). Rezultatai Hipogonadizmas yra klinikinis ir biocheminis sindromas, pasižymintis nepakankama androgenų koncentracija serume, dėl to gali sumažėti lytinė trauka, pablogėti erekcijos ir gyvenimo kokybė. Jei yra klinikinių indikacijų skirti androgenų terapiją, ja testosterono koncentracija turi būti palaikoma neviršijant fiziologinių ribų. Egzistuoja terapinis sinergizmas, kai esant hipogonadizmui taikomas kombinuotasis gydymas testosteronu ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais. Prieš terapiją ir reguliariai po jos būtina atlikti prostatos digitalinę rektalinę apžiūrą ir nustatyti prostatos specifinius antigenus kraujo serume. Androgenų terapija gali būti trumpalaikė arba ilgalaikė. Pastarajai reikia reguliariai ir dažnai stebėti pacientą, palankų bei šalutinį terapijos atsaką. Išvados Gydant pagyvenusių vyrų lytinę disfunkciją būtina atsižvelgti ir į steroidinių hormonų kiekį kraujo serume bei androgenų terapijos galimybes. Kombinuotąjį gydymą testosteronu ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais reikėtų skirti tiems erekcijos sutrikimų turintiems pacientams, kuriems nepakankamai padeda gydymas vien 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: lytinė disfunkcija; androgenai; andropauzė; testosteronas; prolaktinas dihidrotestosteronas, 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriai, hormonų terapija Androgen aspects of male sexual dysfunction Antanas BalvočiusInternational Medical Center Union Clinic Vilnius,Tilto str. 1/2, Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: balvociusa@delfi.lt Background / objective Steroid hormone endocrine disturbances have an adverse impact on sexual function in men. The aim of the article was to present findings of the study on sexual dysfunction in elderly men and results of their treatment together with a review of the literature on pathologic physiology, diagnostics and therapy of male endocrine sexual dysfunction. Patients and methods Sixty four elderly men (aged 50 to 75, mean age 59 years) were treated for sexual dysfunction. The score of erectile disturbances according to International Index of Erectile Function TEFR-5scale ranged from 11 to 21 (mean, 15.5). The blood testosterone (T) level was 15.8 to 4.6 nmol/l. The level lower than 11 nmol/l was found in 44 (69%) patients. Only 46 of 64 patients were not satisfied with the quality of erection after administration of PDE-5 inhibitors. A combined therapy was applied for 35 of 46 patients with a low T level: intramuscular T 250 mg injections three times a week and a FED-5 inhibitor one hour before sexual intercourse. Sexual function of >21 as assessed by TEFR-5 scale was determined for 30 (85.7%) patients after three months. Results Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome characterised by an insufficient serum androgen level, which may result in a decreased libido, lower quality of erection and decreased quality of life. If clinical indications for androgen therapy are present, it shall maintain the level of testosterone within the physiological limits. Therapeutic synergism is observed when a combined treatment including testosterone and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors is applied in hypogonadic men. Digital rectal examination of prostate and determination of values of blood serum prostate specific antigens are indispensable before the initiation of therapy and must be performed regularly afterwards. Androgen therapy may be short-term or long-term, and requires regular and frequent monitoring and observation for favourable and side response to the treatment. Conclusions The level of blood serum steroid hormones should be taken into account and the possibilities for androgen therapy considered in the therapy of sexual dysfunctions in elderly men. A combined treatment of erectile disorders with testosterone and phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors should be administered to the patients in whom the treatment with phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors alone is not helpful. Keywords: sexual dysfunction, androgens, andropause, testosterone, prolactin, dihydrotestosterone, phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors, hormone therapy
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Geniole, Shawn N., Tanya L. Procyshyn, Nicole Marley, Triana L. Ortiz, Brian M. Bird, Ashley L. Marcellus, Keith M. Welker, et al. "Using a Psychopharmacogenetic Approach To Identify the Pathways Through Which—and the People for Whom—Testosterone Promotes Aggression." Psychological Science 30, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619826970.
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Little is known about the neurobiological pathways through which testosterone promotes aggression or about the people in whom this effect is observed. Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we found that testosterone increases aggression in men ( N = 308) with select personality profiles and that these effects are further enhanced among those with fewer cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, a polymorphism associated with increased AR efficiency. Testosterone’s effects were rapid (~30 min after administration) and mediated, in part, by subjective reward associated with aggression. Testosterone thus appears to promote human aggression through an AR-related mechanism and to have stronger effects in men with the select personality profiles because it more strongly upregulates the subjective pleasure they derive from aggression. Given other evidence that testosterone regulates reward through dopaminergic pathways, and that the sensitivity of such pathways is enhanced among individuals with the personality profiles we identified, our findings may also implicate dopaminergic processes in testosterone’s heterogeneous effects on aggression.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Testosterone"
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Hopp, Renato Nicolás 1984. "Correlação entre a proporção 2D:4De o desempenho acadêmico em alunos de odontologia." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289240.
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Orientador: Jacks Jorge JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Estudos sugerem que a exposição pré-natal à testosterona (PT) está relacionada à inteligência ou à capacidade de aprendizado. A proporção entre os dedos indicador e anelar (proporção digital ou 2D:4D) correlaciona-se negativamente à exposição pré-natal à testosterona. Este estudo avaliou as correlações entre o 2D:4D e o sucesso acadêmico em disciplinas teóricas e práticas no currículo do curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. Ao todo, 80 indivíduos (40 homens e 40 mulheres) com idade entre 18 e 22 anos (média 19,5 ± 1,1 anos para os homens e 19,7 ± 1,2 para mulheres), alunos do 2º ao 4º ano de graduação tiveram sua mão direita fotografada por meio de câmera digital acoplada a dispositivo padronizador perpendicular à superfície. As imagens foram transferidas ao software Adobe Photoshop® e os dedos indicador e anelar foram medidos de forma linear, da depressão mais caudal ao ponto mais rostral da ponta do dedo. Os dados foram analisados usando os softwares Microsoft Excel, SPSS 16 e Statview. A proporção digital média foi de 0,980 ± 0,038 para homens e 0,991 ± 0,025 para mulheres. Correlacionou-se então esta proporção às notas teóricas e práticas obtidas pelos estudantes durante os primeiros quatro semestres letivos do curso. As notas teóricas e práticas foram negativamente correlacionadas à proporção digital em homens (especialmente após a remoção da influência das horas de estudo domésticas; p = 0,02 e 0,004, respectivamente), mas não em mulheres (p = 0,89 e 0,77, respectivamente). Este achado apóia a correlação entre a influência da testosterona pré-natal e o desenvolvimento da inteligência em homens. A falta de correlação entre a testosterona pré-natal e o sucesso acadêmico em mulheres sugere que a inteligência no sexo feminino deve ser influenciada por fatores alheios à testosterona pré-natal
Abstract: It has been suggested that prenatal testosterone (PT) is positively related to intelligence or learning-ability skills. Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a negative correlate of PT. This study considered the correlations between 2D:4D and academic success in practical and theoretical disciplines in the Dental School curriculum of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Brazil. Overall, 80 subjects (40 males and 40 females) aged between 18 and 22 years (means 19.5 ± 1.1 and 19.7 ± 1.2, respectively) had their right hand palm photographed by a digital camera attached to a standardising device, perpendicular to the surface. The images were transferred to a computer and the index and ring fingers were measured from the ventralmost crease up to the tip of the finger using Adobe Photoshop. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16. Mean digit ratio was 0.980 ± 0.038 for males and 0.991 ± 0.025 for females. Digit ratio was correlated to the grades obtained by the students through their first four semesters. Theoretical and practical grades were significantly negatively correlated to digit ratio in males (and this was particularly so after the influence of age and hours of study were removed, p = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively), but not in females (p = 0.89 and 0.77, respectively). This finding supports a link between high PT and intelligence in males. The lack of relationship between 2D:4D and examination marks in female students, suggests that intelligence in females may be influenced by factors other than prenatal testosterone
Doutorado
Patologia
Doutor em Estomatopatologia
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Silva, Elcio Dias 1951. "Goserelina versus leuprolide na castração química de pacientes com câncer prostático = Goserelin versus leuprolide in the chemical castration of patients with prostate cancer." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312273.
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Orientadoesr: Wagner Eduardo Matheus, Ubirajara FerreiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia relativa do leuprolide 3,75 mg, leuprolide 7,5 mg e goserelina 3,6 mg quanto à redução da testosterona sérica, em níveis de castração. Método: foram avaliados 60 pacientes com carcinoma avançado de próstata, com indicação de bloqueio hormonal. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos de 20: Grupo 1) pacientes que receberam leuprolide na dose 3,75 mg; Grupo 2) receberam leuprolide 7,5 mg, Grupo 3) receberam goserelina 3,6 mg. Todos os grupos foram tratados por aplicação mensal das respectivas medicações. Os pacientes foram avaliados com dosagens de testosterona sérica em 2 momentos: pré-tratamento e após 3 meses de tratamento. Resultados: a idade dos pacientes foi semelhante nos três grupos, com mediana de 72, 70 e 70 anos, respectivamente aos grupos 1, 2 e 3. Dos pacientes que receberam leuprolide 3,75 mg, leuprolide 7,5 mg e goserelina 3,6 mg, 26,3%, 25% e 35%, respectivamente, não obtiveram nível de castração, considerando nível de corte de testosterona ? 50 ng/dl; e 68,4%, 30% e 45%, respectivamente, não obtiveram nível de castração, considerando nível de corte de testosterona ? 20 ng/dl. Conclusão: não houve diferença significativa na obtenção de níveis de castração com leuprolide 3,75 mg, leuprolide 7,5 mg e goserelina 3,6 mg, quando comparadas as três substâncias em conjunto. Quando comparados os grupos dois a dois, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na análise do leuprolide 3,75 mg com o leuprolide 7,5 mg, havendo maior obtenção de nível de castração com 7,5 mg, quando se considera este nível como igual ou menor que 20 ng/dl. A importância dessa eventual diferença, no entanto, deve ser vista com cautela, já que a comparação dos três grupos simultaneamente, muito embora próximo, não atingiu o nível de significância estabelecido
Abstract: Purpose: to evaluate the relative efficiency of leuprolide 3.75 mg, leuprolide 7.5 mg, and goserelin 3.6 mg in relation to the reduction of serum testosterone, regarding the levels of castration. Methods: we evaluated prospectively 60 randomized patients with advanced prostate carcinoma, with indication for hormone blockade. The patients were divided into 3 groups of 20: Group 1) received leuprolide 3.75 mg; Group 2) received leuprolide 7.5 mg; group 3) received goserelin 3.6 mg. All groups were treated with monthly application of the respective drugs. Results: the patients' ages were similar within the three groups, with a median of 72, 70, and 70 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Of the patients that received leuprolide 3.75 mg, leuprolide 7.5 mg, and goserelin 3.6 mg, 26.3%, 25%, and 35%, respectively, did not reach castration levels, considering a testosterone cut of ?50 ng/dl. 68.4%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, did not reach castration levels, considering a testosterone cut of ?20 ng/dl. Conclusions: There were no statiscally significant differences in the levels of castration when comparing with leuprolide 3.75 mg, leuprolide 7.5 mg, and goserelin 3.6 mg, when comparing the three substances altogether. When compared in groups of two, there was a statiscally significant difference between leuprolide 3.75 mg and leuprolide 7.5 mg, in which the latter presented better results in reaching castration levels, when considered equal or less than 20ng/dl. The importance of this difference, however, must be measured with caution, since the comparison of the three groups simultaneously did not reach the established significance level, even though it came close
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia
Doutor em Ciências
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Arruda, Ademir Felipe Schultz de. "Territorialidade e nível do adversário: efeitos nas respostas hormonais e comportamentais em jogadores de basquetebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-25062014-074945/.
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O objetivo da presente dissertação foi investigar o efeito da territorialidade e do nível do adversário nas respostas hormonais e comportamentais de jogadores de basquetebol. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. No primeiro, investigou-se o efeito da territorialidade nas respostas hormonais e comportamentais decorrentes de jogos oficiais de basquetebol. Dezoito jogadores, do sexo masculino, de duas equipes da categoria sub-19 (ranqueadas em primeiro e segundo lugar na competição) foram avaliados. As equipes jogaram entre si e, portanto, cada equipe realizou um jogo \"em casa\" e um jogo \"fora de casa\". Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes e após as duas partidas, para análise dos hormônios testosterona (T) e cortisol (C). Antes do aquecimento, os atletas responderam um questionário de ansiedade pré-competitiva, (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2; CSAI-2), e 30 minutos após a partida, classificaram a magnitude do esforço através do método da percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE da sessão). A concentração de T PRÉ-jogo foi maior na condição \"casa\" (versus \"fora de casa\"); verificou-se um aumento da concentração de T e C do momento PRÉ- para o PÓS-jogo, independentemente do local do jogo; correlações significantes foram apresentadas entre as respostas hormonais e comportamentais. Esses resultados sugerem a ocorrência do fenômeno da territorialidade, e confirmam que a competição é um evento estressor capaz de alterar a concentração hormonal. No segundo estudo, a influência do nível do adversário nas respostas hormonais e comportamentais de jogadores de basquetebol foi investigada. Dez atletas de uma equipe sub-19 foram avaliados em três jogos oficiais distintos e em uma sessão de treinamento (ST). Em cada um dos jogos oficiais, a equipe enfrentou adversários de diferentes níveis de qualificação, a saber: jogo fácil (JF), jogo médio (JM) e jogo difícil (JD). A classificação do nível do adversário foi realizada por um membro da comissão técnica no início da temporada e monitorada de acordo com a posição de cada uma das equipes durante o campeonato. Foram realizadas coletas de saliva antes e após as quatro condições (três jogos e uma sessão de treinamento) para análise da concentração de T e C. Antes do aquecimento, em todas as condições, os jogadores responderam o questionário CSAI-2 e, aproximadamente 30 minutos após o jogo, responderam a PSE da sessão. A concentração de T aumentou de PRÉ para PÓS no ST e JD; a concentração de T PRÉ-JD foi maior em relação a situação PRÉ-ST. A concentração de C aumentou de PRÉ para PÓS em ST, JM e JD, e a concentração C PRÉ- e PÓS-JD foi maior quando comparada aos mesmos momentos na ST. As ansiedades somática e cognitiva se mostraram maiores no JM e JD em relação ao JF. A autoconfiança foi maior na ST quando comparado com o JM e JD. A PSE da sessão foi maior nos JM e JD em relação à ST. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que jogos oficiais contra adversários de diferentes níveis podem promover diferentes respostas hormonais e perceptuaisThe aim of this dissertation was to investigate the effect of territoriality and the level of opponent on hormonal and behavioral responses in basketball players. Two studies were conducted. In the first one, in order to investigate the effect of territoriality on hormonal and behavioral responses from official basketball matches, eighteen male players, from two under-19 teams (ranked matches in first and second place in the competition) were investigated. The teams played against each other, so each team performed a game \"at home\" and \"away from home\" game. Saliva samples were collected before and after the two matches for hormone analysis [testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)]. Before warm-up, a pre-competitive anxiety questionnaire was answered (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, CSAI-2), and 30 minutes after the matches, the athletes classified the magnitude of effort by means of session-RPE. It was observed a higher value for T PRE game during \"at home\" condition when compared to \"away from home\"; there was a rise in T and C concentrations from moment PRE to POST in both conditions (\"at home\" and \"away\"); significant correlations were observed between hormonal and behavioral responses. These results show the occurrence of territoriality phenomenon, demonstrated by the higher T concentration during \"at home\" PRE game moment, and that official competitive condition is a stressor event capable of altering hormonal concentration. In the second study, the purpose was to verify the influence of the level of the opponent on hormonal and behavioral responses in basketball players. Twelve athletes from an under-19 team were evaluated in three different official matches and one training session (TS). Each official match was played against an opponent with different level of quality: weak match (WM), medium match (MM) and strong match (SM). The classification of the level of the opponent was made by a member of the coaching staff at the beginning of the competitive season and monitored in accordance with the position of the teams during the championship. Saliva samples were collected before and after the four conditions (three games and a training session) for T and C analyzing. Before warm-up, players answered the CSAI-2 questionnaire and approximately 30 minutes after the game, answered session-RPE. It was demonstrated an increase in T concentration from PRE to POST moments in response to TS and SM conditions and T concentration during PRE-SM was higher when compared to PRE-TS condition. The concentration of C increased from PRE to POST moments during TS, MM, and SM and C concentration during PRE and POST-SM were higher compared to the same moments for TS condition. Athletes reported higher values of somatic and cognitive anxieties in MM and SM when compared to WM condition. Self-confidence values were greater during TS compared to MM and SM. Session-RPE presented higher scores in MM and SM compared to TS. The results of the present investigation indicate that official games against opponents of different levels may promote hormonal and perceptual responses of distinct magnitudes
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Shrestha, Swornim M. "Testosterone Reactivity to Skydiving." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/44.
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The purpose of this study is to examine if testosterone shows reactivity to skydiving and to examine whether the testosterone level and reactivity was associated with sex and sensation seeking trait of the participants. Testosterone is an important steroid hormone which has several biological and socio-behavioral effects on people and is also present in disproportionate amounts in males and females; thus, it is important to explore how this hormone acts in different sex. Furthermore, exploring the relationship between sensation-seeking and testosterone could provide insight into the relation between psychological factor and hormonal response in humans. Forty-four people were recruited to participate in the study. The sample comprised of 73% males (N=32) and 27% females (N=12) with a mean age of 24 years (SD = 4.6) and an age range of 18 to 49. The participants volunteered to jump out of an airplane and give saliva samples at different time points during that day and during another day (basal levels). This study found that testosterone shows reactivity in response to skydiving, where the peak levels in males were higher than in females. It also found that people who scored higher in experience-seeking scores had higher testosterone level at jump than people who scored lower. Furthermore, it also revealed that people who scored higher in intension-seeking scores showed more reactivity in terms of testosterone i.e. the rise was steeper in these people. In summary, we see that psychological factors and sex predicted reactivity and peak level of testosterone after skydiving.
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Comas, Reixach Immaculada. "Estudi de la concentració de testosterona en pacients amb càncer de pròstata durant la supressió androgènica mitjançant diferents procediments de mesura." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671073.
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Les guies clíniques del càncer de pròstata (CaP) recomanen la mesura de la concentració de testosterona per avaluar l’eficàcia de la castració i per diagnosticar la resistència a la castració quan s’observa una progressió bioquímica o clínica. La resposta als anàlegs de la hormona alliberadora de la hormona luteïnitzant (LH-RH) es considera eficaç quan la concentració de testosterona és manté <50 ng/dL. No obstant, aquesta concentració anomenada de castració va ser definida als anys vuitanta en pacients sotmesos a castració quirúrgica, sent el límit inferior de sensibilitat del radioinmunoanàlisi utilitzats aleshores. En el seguiment d’aquests pacients la concentració de testosterona és especialment baixa i és necessari utilitzar procediments de mesura exactes i reproduïbles, per verificar l’eficàcia del tractament i poder definir la resistència a la castració.
Els immunoanàlisi han sigut una eina fonamental per a la mesura d’esteroides sexuals. Tot i això, als últims anys s’ha demostrat que aquests no tenen suficient exactitud, precisió i reproductibilitat per mesurar concentracions inferiors al límit inferior de l’interval de referència. El desenvolupament de procediments per a la mesura de la concentració de testosterona mitjançant tècniques de espectrometria de masses acoblada a tècniques de separació de cromatografia permeten mesurar baixes concentracions de testosterona amb elevada sensibilitat i especificitat.
La nostra hipòtesis inicial és que, en pacients amb CaP sotmesos a castració mèdica, la mesura de la testosterona amb cromatografia líquida i detecció per espectrometria de masses és més precisa que quan es mesura amb els mètodes de quimioluminescència per a avaluar l’eficàcia del tractament i definir l’estat de resistència a la castració. Com a hipòtesis addicional ens hem plantejat que la mesura de la concentració de LH és un mètode més específic per a avaluar l’activitat de la castració mèdica.
Amb la selecció de pacients i recollida prospectiva de dades entre els any 2016 i 2018 es van reclutar 1510 pacients amb CaP en tractament amb anàlegs de la LHRH i es va seleccionar un grup de pacients control elegits a l’atzar dels homes que tenien programats biòpsia de pròstata degut a la sospita de CaP. A les bases de dades es van recollir dades referents al diagnòstic i tractament, dades demogràfiques i resultats de diferents proves analítiques: LH, FSH, testosterona, testosterona lliure, PSA, SHBG i prolactina. Es van fer diferents subgrups per estudiar la concentració de testosterona amb diferents procediments de mesura i valorar la seva evolució al tractament.
Es van fer dos subgrups de 249 i 143 pacients respectivament amb resultat de testosterona mesurada amb l’equip Advia Centaur®XP < 100 ng/dL, i un subgrup de 1091 pacients amb concentració de testosterona mesurada amb l’equip Advia Centaur®XP < 150ng/dL. Es van seleccionar 138 pacients que presentaven concentració de LH<1,1 U/L.
De les revisions, comparacions i valoracions realitzades, es conclou que dels diferents mètodes per a mesurar la concentració de testosterona, els més utilitzats són els que utilitzen la quimioluminescència com a principi de mesura. El mètode de referència per a la seva mesura en pacients amb CaP sotmesos a supressió androgènica ha de ser la LC-MSMS degut a que els mètodes quimioluminescents presenten diferències de reproductibilitat, especificitat, sensibilitat i elevada variabilitat a concentracions <50 ng/dL mentre que LC-MSMS presenta bones característiques metrològiques. La concentració de castració amb aquest mètode és <50 ng/dL.
I trobem que la concentració de LH és millor marcador que la testosterona per avaluar el correcte funcionament del tractament. Per tant, proposem la concentració de 1,1 U/L com a concentració de castració i una concentració de LH de 0,12U/L la que ens permet diferenciar la castració òptima de la subòptima.Las guías clínicas del cáncer de próstata (CaP) recomiendan la medida de la concentración de testosterona para evaluar la eficacia de la castración y para diagnosticar la resistencia a la castración cuando se observa una progresión bioquímica o clínica. La respuesta a los análogos de la hormona liberadora de la hormona luteinizante (LH-RH) se considera eficaz cuando la concentración de testosterona se mantiene <50 ng/dL. Sin embargo, esta concentración llamada de castración fue definida en los años ochenta en pacientes sometidos a castración quirúrgica, siendo el límite inferior de sensibilidad del radioinmunoanálisis utilizados entonces. En el seguimiento de estos pacientes la concentración de testosterona es especialmente baja y es necesario utilizar procedimientos de medida exactos y reproducibles, para verificar la eficacia del tratamiento y poder definir la resistencia a la castración. Los inmunoanálisis han sido una herramienta fundamental para la medida de los esteroides sexuales. Sin embargo, los últimos años se ha demostrado que estos no tienen suficiente exactitud, precisión y reproducibilidad para medir concentraciones inferiores al límite inferior del intervalo de referencia. El desarrollo de procedimientos para la medida de la concentración de testosterona mediante técnicas de espectrometría de masas acoplada a técnicas de separación de cromatografía permite medir bajas concentraciones de testosterona con elevada sensibilidad y especificidad. Nuestra hipótesis inicial es que, en pacientes con CaP sometidos a castración médica, la medida de la testosterona con cromatografía líquida y detección por espectrometría de masas es más precisa que cuando se mide con los métodos de quimioluminiscencia para evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento y definir el estado de resistencia a la castración. Como hipótesis adicional nos hemos planteado que la medida de la concentración de LH es un método más específico para evaluar la actividad de la castración médica. Con la selección de pacientes y recogida prospectiva de datos entre los 2016 y 2018 se reclutaron 1510 pacientes con CaP en tratamiento con análogos de la LHRH y se seleccionó un grupo de pacientes control elegidos al azar de los hombres que tenían programada biopsia de próstata debido a la sospecha de CaP. En las bases de datos se recogieron datos referentes al diagnóstico y tratamiento, datos demográficos y resultados de diferentes pruebas analíticas: LH, FSH, testosterona, testosterona libre, PSA, SHBG y prolactina. Se hicieron diferentes subgrupos para estudiar la concentración de testosterona con diferentes procedimientos de medida y valorar su evolución al tratamiento. Se hicieron dos subgrupos de 249 y 143 pacientes respectivamente con resultado de testosterona medida con el equipo Advia Centaur®XP <100 ng/dL, y un subgrupo de 1091 pacientes con concentración de testosterona medida con el equipo Advia Centaur®XP < 150 ng/dL. Se seleccionaron 138 pacientes que presentaban concentración de LH <1,1 U/L. De las revisiones, comparaciones y valoraciones realizadas, se concluye que los diferentes métodos para medir la concentración de testosterona, los más utilizados son los que utilizan la quimioluminiscencia como principio de medida. El método de referencia para su medida en pacientes con CaP sometidos a supresión androgénica debe ser la LC-MSMS debido que los métodos quimioluminiscentes presentan diferencias de reproducibilidad, especificidad, sensibilidad y elevada variabilidad en concentraciones <50 ng/dL mientras que LC-MSMS presenta buenas características metrológicas. La concentración de castración con este método es <50 ng/dL. Y encontramos que la concentración de LH es mejor marcador que la testosterona para evaluar el correcto funcionamiento del tratamiento. Por lo tanto, proponemos la concentración de 1,1 U/L como concentración de castración y una concentración de LH de 0,12U/L la que nos permite diferenciar la castración óptima de la subóptima.
Prostate cancer (CaP) clinical guidelines recommend measuring testosterone concentration to evaluate the effectiveness of castration and detected observed. The response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogs is considered effective when testosterone concentration is <50 ng/dL. However, this castration concentration was defined in the 1980s in patients undergoing surgical castration, a level established by using the lower limit of sensitivity of radioimmunoassay method. In these patients the testosterone concentration is especially low and it is necessary to use accurate and reproducible measurement procedures, to verify the effectiveness of the treatment and define the resistance to castration. Immunoassays have been a key tool in measuring sex steroids. However, several recent studies agree that these have low accuracy, precision and reproducibility to measure concentrations below the lower limit of the reference range. The development of procedures for the measurement of testosterone concentration using mass spectrometry techniques coupled with chromatography separation techniques allows us to measure low testosterone concentrations with high sensitivity and specificity. Our initial hypothesis is that in patients with CaP undergoing medical castration, the measurement of testosterone by liquid chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry is more accurate than when measured with chemiluminescence methods to evaluate adequate castration levels and define the state of resistance to castration. As an additional hypothesis, we have considered that the measurement of LH concentration is a more specific method for evaluating the activity of medical castration. With the selection of patients and prospective data collection between 2016 and 2018, 1510 patients with CaP in treatment with LHRH analogues were recruited and a group of randomly selected control patients from men who had scheduled biopsy of prostate to suspicion of CaP was selected. Data relating to diagnosis and treatment, demographic data, and results of different analytical tests were collected from the databases: LH, FSH, testosterone, free testosterone, PSA, SHBG, and prolactin. Different subgroups were made to study testosterone concentration with different measurement procedures and to assess its evolution to treatment. Two subgroups of 249 and 143 patients with testosterone results measured with the Advia Centaur®XP <100 ng/dL, and a subgroup of 1091 patients with testosterone levels measured with the Advia Centaur®XP <150 ng/dL were selected. 138 patients with a concentration of LH <1.1U/L were selected. From the reviews, comparisons and assessments performed, it is concluded that of the different methods for measuring testosterone, the most used useful are those that use chemiluminescence as a principle of measurement. The reference method for its measurement in patients with CaP undergoing castration should be LC-MSMS because chemiluminescent methods show differences in reproducibility, specificity, sensitivity and high variability at concentrations <50ng/dL while LC- MSMS presents good metrological characteristics. The castration concentration with this method is <50 ng/dL. Moreover, we find that LH concentration is more accurate than testosterone for assessing the LH-RH agonist efficacy. Therefore, we propose the concentration of 1.1 U/L as a castration concentration and an LH concentration of 0.12 U/L which allows us to differentiate the optimal castration from the suboptimal one.
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Crespilho, Daniel Maciel [UNESP]. "Efeito do treinamento físico sobre aspectos metabólicos e endócrinos de ratos wistar administrados com testosterona." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87464.
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Os objetivos do presente estudo foram investigar as adaptações endócrinometabólicas em ratos submetidos ao exercício físico de natação associado com a administração de testosterona durante 8 semanas. Ratos jovens Wistar foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), testosterona sedentário (TS), testosterona treinado (TT). O protocolo de natação consistiu de 1 hora/dia, 5 dias/semanas, durante 8 semanas, suportando durante a natação uma sobrecarga de 5% do seu peso corporal. A testosterona foi administrada 3 dias/semana, na concentração de 5 mg/kg de peso corporal do animal, por via subcutânea, também por 8 semanas. Ao final da sétima semana de experimento, os ratos foram submetidos aos testes de tolerância à glicose (GTT) e teste de tolerância à insulina (ITT). Após 10 semanas os animais foram sacrificados na condição de repouso. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a determinação do hematócrito, glicose, insulina, proteínas totais, colesterol total e triglicérides. Os testículos, a próstata e vesícula seminal, os tecidos adiposos foram analisados em balança analítica. O tecido muscular e hepático foram usados para determinação do glicogênio e da razão proteína/DNA. As adrenais foram pesadas e usadas para determinar o conteúdo de colesterol e ácido ascórbico. A análise estatística foi feita por ANOVA e aplicação do teste de post-hoc de Newman-Keuls, onde adequado, com nível de significância pré-fixado em 5%. Os resultados indicam que os ratos treinados tiveram maior tolerância à glicose comparados com os animais sedentários durante o GTT. Nossos dados mostram que a administração crônica da testosterona mais o treinamento físico foi associada ao aumento da sensibilidade à insulina.O grupo treinado administrado com testosterona mostrou uma maior taxa de desaparecimento...
The aims of this study were to investigate the endocrine-metabolic adaptations in rats submitted to chronic swimming exercise associate to administration of testosterone during 8 weeks. Young Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (CS), trained control (CT), sedentary testosterone (TS), trained testosterone (TT). Training protocol consisted of swimming 1h/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks, supporting a load of 5% body weight. Testosterone was administered 3 times a week, in concentration of 5 mg/kg body weight, during 8 weeks. After 7 weeks rats were submitted to glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests. After 8 weeks rats were sacrificed in rest. Blood samples were collected to determine hematocrit, glucose, insulin, total protein, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Hepatic and muscular tissues were used to determine glycogen and protein/DNA ratio. Adrenals were weighed and used to determine cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Newman- Keuls post-hoc test where appropriate and the significance level was 5%. The results indicate that trained rats showed higher glucose tolerance compared to sedentary animals during GTT. Our data showed that chronic exposure to testosterone plus physical training was associated with increase insulin sensitivity. The animals trained and administered with testosterone, showed higher glucose disappearance rates when compared to other groups. Testosterone administration promoted decrease in testicular mass and increase in prostate and seminal vesicle. Training promoted increase in muscle when compared to the sedentary groups, taking us to presuppose that training stimulated glycogen syntheses. The training protocol, testosterone administration or combination of two treatments, resulted in decrease of epididimal and perirrenal adipose tissues weight... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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English, Katherine M. "The cardiovascular effects of testosterone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340222.
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Knickmeyer, Rebecca. "Foetal testosterone and developmental disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440618.
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Cardinale, Marco, and Michael H. Stone. "Is Testosterone Influencing Explosive Performance?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4614.
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The primary objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between testosterone levels and vertical jumping performance in elite men and women athletes. The secondary objective was to verify whether testosterone levels and vertical jumping performance were different in men and women athletes and if those measurements were different between different athletic groups. Seventy (22 women and 48 men) elite athletes in track and field (sprinters), handball, volleyball, and soccer competing at national and international levels participated in the study. After 10 hours of fasting and 1 day of rest, blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein for determining testosterone levels. Vertical jumping tests consisted of counter-movement jumps conducted on a resistive platform connected to a digital timer. Resting testosterone levels in women were 9.5% of those of the men (respectively 0.62 ± 0.06 ng·ml−1 and 6.49 ± 0.37 ng·ml−1; p < 0.001). Countermovement jump performance was significantly different between women and men athletes, with women's jumping ability 86.3% of that of men (p < 0.001). A significant positive relationship was identified between testosterone levels and vertical jump performance when all data where considered (r = 0.61, p < 0.001, n = 70).
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between testosterone levels and vertical jumping performance in elite men and women athletes. The secondary objective was to verify whether testosterone levels and vertical jumping performance were different in men and women athletes and if those measurements were different between different athletic groups. Seventy (22 women and 48 men) elite athletes in track and field (sprinters), handball, volleyball, and soccer competing at national and international levels participated in the study. After 10 hours of fasting and 1 day of rest, blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein for determining testosterone levels. Vertical jumping tests consisted of counter-movement jumps conducted on a resistive platform connected to a digital timer. Resting testosterone levels in women were 9.5% of those of the men (respectively 0.62 ± 0.06 ng·ml−1 and 6.49 ± 0.37 ng·ml−1; p < 0.001). Countermovement jump performance was significantly different between women and men athletes, with women's jumping ability 86.3% of that of men (p < 0.001). A significant positive relationship was identified between testosterone levels and vertical jump performance when all data where considered (r = 0.61, p < 0.001, n = 70).
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Campos, Mônica Sousa. "Análise morfológica, imuno-histoquímica e ultraestrutural dos efeitos da exposição ao flavonóide crisina sobre a próstata de gerbilos adultos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154131.
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A crisina é um composto natural biologicamente ativo encontrado predominantemente em flores de maracujá azul, em mel, camomila, própolis e casca de frutas. Possui propriedades potentes como efeito anti-inflamatório, antioxidante e tem sido empregada para o tratamento de desordens reprodutivas. Essa flavona tem o potencial de aumentar os níveis de testosterona endógena, tanto por inibir a enzima aromatase, quanto por estimular a esteroidogênese testicular. Alterações no metabolismo hormonal mediadas por interferências exógenas podem interferir na fisiologia prostática resultando em modificações na atividade secretora da glândula e na regulação dos receptores hormonais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição à crisina sobre a próstata e gônadas de gerbilos adultos. Para avaliar o potencial androgênico da crisina, nós analisamos, comparativamente, os efeitos da testosterona sobre estes mesmos órgãos. Machos e fêmeas de gerbilos com 90 dias de idade foram tratados com crisina (50 mg/kg/dia) ou com cipionato de testosterona (1 mg/kg/semana) e divididos tem 3 subgrupos que foram eutanasiados após 3, 7 e 21 dias de tratamento. As próstatas foram coletadas para análises morfológicas, morfométrico-estereológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e ultraestruturais. Testículos e ovários foram submetidos a análises morfológicas e morfométrico-estereológicas. Os níveis séricos de testosterona e 17β-estradiol foram mensurados por ELISA. Machos e fêmeas tratados com crisina não apresentaram aumento dos níveis séricos de testosterona. No entanto, apenas as fêmeas tratadas com crisina durante 21 dias demonstraram aumento nos níveis séricos de estradiol. Foram observados tanto na próstata ventral masculina, quanto na próstata feminina em todos os tempos de tratamento com crisina, aumento da frequência de receptores androgênicos (AR), maior taxa de proliferação e hiperplasia glandular. Além disso, foi observada nas fêmeas em todos os tempos de exposição com crisina maior frequência imunomarcação para receptor estrogênico alfa (ERα). Ultraestruturalmente, machos e fêmeas tratados com crisina apresentaram intenso desenvolvimento das organelas da rota biossintética-secretora, acompanhada de intensa remodelação estromal, enquanto toxicidade celular foi observada apenas nas fêmeas. Nas gônadas masculinas o tratamento com crisina preservou a morfologia testicular. Em fêmeas, observou-se um maior número de folículos ovarianos em maturação. Comparativamente o tratamento com cipionato de testosterona foi capaz de causar lesões na próstata e gônadas, visto que focos de neoplasia intraepitelial prostática e degeneração gonadal foram observados em ambos os sexos. Esses resultados demonstram que a exposição à crisina, preservou a morfologia testicular normal, aumentou o número de folículos ovarianos em crescimento, aumentou a atividade secretória e alterou a regulação de receptores hormonais na próstata, potencializando a resposta desta glândula aos efeitos biológicos dos esteróides endógenos. Assim nas condições experimentais desse estudo embora a crisina e a testosterona evocassem alterações morfológicas semelhantes na próstata gerbilos masculina e feminina, a suplementação com crisina foi mais favorável à saúde da próstata. Contudo, a administração de crisina como agente fitoterápico deve ser considerada com precaução, visto que esse flavonóide parece exercer efeitos diferenciais em machos e fêmeas.
Chrysin is a naturally occurring biologically active compound found predominantly in blue passion flower, honey, chamomile, propolis and fruit peel. It has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has been used for the treatment of reproductive disorders. This flavone has the potential to increase endogenous testosterone levels both by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme and stimulating testicular steroidogenesis. Changes in hormone metabolism mediated by exogenous interferences may interfere with the prostatic physiology resulting in changes in the secretory activity of the gland and in the regulation of hormonal receptors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the exposure to chrysin on the prostate and gonads of adult gerbils. To evaluate the androgenic potential of chrysin, we comparatively analysed the effects of testosterone on these organs. Male and female gerbils aged 90 days were treated with either chrysin (50 mg/kg/day) or testosterone cypionate (1 mg/kg/week), subdivided into 3 subgroups and euthanized after 3, 7 and 21 days of treatment. The prostates and gonads were collected for morphological, morphometric-stereological, ultrastructural and immunehistochemical analyses. The testes and ovaries were subjected to morphological and morphometric-stereological analyses. Serum levels of testosterone and 17β-estradiol were determined using ELISA methods. Males and females treated with chrysin did not show increase in serum testosterone levels. However, only the females treated with chrysin for 21 days showed increase in the serum levels of estradiol. It was observed in both ventral prostate of males and in prostate of females in all the times of treatment with chrysin an increase in the frequency of androgen receptors (AR), a higher rate of proliferation and glandular hyperplasia. In addition, it was observed in all exposure times of females treated with chrysin a higher immunoreactivity frequency for alpha estrogen receptor (ERα). As to ultrastructure, males and females treated with chrysin showed intense development of the organelles of the biosynthetic-secretory route, accompanied by intense stromal remodeling. Cell toxicity was observed only in females. In the gonads of males the treatment with chrysin preserved testicular morphology. In females, we observed a larger number of ovarian follicles in maturation. Comparatively, the treatment with testosterone cypionate was able to cause lesions in the prostate and gonads, since the foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and gonadal degeneration were observed in both sexes. These results demonstrate that exposure to chrysin preserved normal testicular morphology, increased the number of ovarian follicles in growth, higher activity of secretory and changed the regulation of hormone receptors in the prostate potentiating the response of this gland to the biological effects of endogenous steroids. Therefore, under the experimental conditions of this study, although the chrysin and testosterone evoked similar morphological changes to those in the prostate of both sexes, supplementation with chrysin appeared to be more favorable to the prostate health. However, the chrysin intake as a phytotherapic agent should be considered with caution given that this flavonoid seems to exert distinct effects in males and females.
Books on the topic "Testosterone"
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Nieschlag, Eberhard, Hermann M. Behre, and Susan Nieschlag, eds. Testosterone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139003353.
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Nieschlag, Eberhard, and Hermann M. Behre, eds. Testosterone. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0.
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Hohl, Alexandre, ed. Testosterone. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46086-4.
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Nieschlag, Eberhard, and Hermann M. Behre, eds. Testosterone. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72185-4.
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Baker, James Robert. Testosterone. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2000.
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Hohl, Alexandre, ed. Testosterone. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31501-5.
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Byron, Christopher M. Testosterone Inc. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.
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Morgentaler, Abraham. Testosterone for Life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
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1954-, Jones T. Hugh, ed. Testosterone deficiency in men. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Mulhall, John P., Mario Maggi, and Landon Trost, eds. Controversies in Testosterone Deficiency. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77111-9.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Testosterone"
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Rommerts, Focko F. G. "Testosterone: an overview of biosynthesis, transport, metabolism and action." In Testosterone, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_1.
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Gooren, Louis J. G., and Kaas H. Polderman. "Safety aspects of androgen therapy." In Testosterone, 182–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_10.
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Finkelstein, Joel S., and Anne Klibanski. "Effects of androgens on bone metabolism." In Testosterone, 204–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_11.
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Krieg, Michael, and Sabine Tunn. "Androgens and human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)." In Testosterone, 219–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_12.
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Schröder, Fritz H. "Androgens and carcinoma of the prostate." In Testosterone, 245–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_13.
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Vermeulen, Alex. "Androgens and male senescence." In Testosterone, 261–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_14.
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Weinbauer, Gerhard F., and Eberhard Nieschlag. "The role of testosterone in spermatogenesis." In Testosterone, 23–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_2.
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Hubert, Walter. "Psychotropic effects of testosterone." In Testosterone, 51–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_3.
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Schweikert, Hans-Udo, and Gabriela Romalo. "Syndromes caused by androgen resistance." In Testosterone, 72–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_4.
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Nieschlag, Eberhard, and Hermann M. Behre. "Pharmacology and clinical uses of testosterone." In Testosterone, 92–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00814-0_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Testosterone"
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Murphy, Adam B., Yaw Nyame, Brian Kelley, Chiledum A. Ahaghotu, and Rick A. Kittles. "Abstract A93: Correlates of total testosterone and testosterone deficiency in African American men." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities‐‐ Sep 18-Sep 21, 2011; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.disp-11-a93.
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Makiko, Aoki, Satoshi Suzuki, and Ryouma Anzai. "Relationship between activation of prefrontal cortex and testosterone in N-back task." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001830.
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Purpose: Individual and gender differences are an important topic in the study of human cognition. In general, it has been shown that women are superior at verbal ability and associative memory, while men are better at tasks related to numbers, logic, and spatial recognition. Among them, it has been reported that cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex increases during the N-back task, a working memory task. The relationship between sex hormones and cerebral blood flow remains unelucidated, although sex hormones and depressive mood are both factors that affect the function of the prefrontal cortex (cognitive function). Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between the testosterone and cognitive function.Methods: The subjects included 6men and 16 women aged 20–35 years. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a brain function imaging device, was attached to the forehead of the subjects, and Oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) was measured during the N-back task. Oxy-Hb was measured during the N-back task using a NIRS system in the CHs 1-4 (right side), CHs 7-10 (center), and CHs 13-16 (left side) , and saliva was collected to measure the testosterone concentration. Subsequently, the correlation coefficient between the initial activation and testosterone concentration was calculated. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Kanagawa institute of technology (No. 20191011-01).Result: The items that were significantly correlated with testosterone were the initial activation CH13-16 in the 0-back task (r=48, p=.02). And the correct response rate (r=.42, p=.03), reaction time (p=.46, p=.03) and initial activation of CH13-16 (r=.68, p=.007) in the 1-back task. Conclusion: In adults, testosterone was associated with initial activation of the NIRS Oxy-Hb signal in the 0-back and 1-back tasks. Furthermore, in the 1-back task, testosterone was associated with correct response rate, the reaction time, and initial activation of the NIRS Oxy-Hb signal of CH13-16. This result suggests that testosterone may be related to left prefrontal cortex activation and responsiveness to presentation of the N-back task.
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"Effects of Testosterone on Pain Threshold." In International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c514067.
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"The Effects of Testosterone on Lipid Profile." In Eminent Association of Pioneers. Eminent Association of Pioneers (EAP), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eap.eap816241.
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Dias, Jerry, and Hongwu Gao. "Synthetic Studies Toward 1a-Hydroxytestosterone from Testosterone." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01880.
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Sampaio Mangolim, Amanda, Leonardo de Andrade Rodrigues Brito, and Vania dos Santos Nunes Nogueira. "EFFECTIVENESS OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT IN OBESE MEN WITH LOW TESTOSTERONE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS." In ANAIS ONLINE DO "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN BRAZIL: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW DECADE". Galoa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/htbr-2021-125103.
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Ma, Rui, and Tian C. Zhang. "Sorption and Desorption of Testosterone in Agricultural Soils." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)268.
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Sommer, Bettina, Edgar Flores-Soto, Jorge Reyes-García, Verónica Díaz-Hernández, Abril Carbajal-García, and Luis M. Montaño-Ramírez. "Testosterone concentration-dependent effects on airway smooth muscle." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4069.
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Domoshnitsky, Alexander, Irina Volinsky, and Olga Pinhasov. "Some developments in the model of testosterone regulation." In RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5127475.
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Sivacoumar, R., M. Vinoth, and Zachariah C. Alex. "P1.1.3 Tapered Optical Fiber BioSensor for Testosterone Detection." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/p1.1.3.
Full textReports on the topic "Testosterone"
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Kirby, Michael, and Jonny Coxon. The metabolic syndrome, erectile dysfunction and testosterone deficiency. BJUI Knowledge, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0484.
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Eibich, Peter, Ricky Kanabar, Alexander Plum, and Julian Schmied. In and out of unemployment - labour market dynamics and the role of testosterone. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2020-033.
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Lu, Jiyuan, Lingdan Xu, Yanduo Yang, Yucheng Meng, Yi Li, Huihui Wang, and Bin Liu. Obstructive sleep apnea and serum total testosterone: a system review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0110.
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Redmond, Lucas. The Biology of Eastern Kingbirds at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge: Survival, Reproduction, and Testosterone Secretion. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2618.
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Guo, Bin, Jiao-jiao Liu, and Jian-guo Liu. Efficacy of tamoxifen in combination with low dose testosterone undecanoate in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0068.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Environmental factors affecting the decline in reproductive efficiency of turkey hens: Mediation by vasoactive intestinal peptide. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696508.bard.
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Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well known phenomenon in avian species. Increased prolactin (PRL) levels in response to heat stress have been suggested as a mechanism involved in this reproductive malfunction. To test this hypothesis, laying female turkeys were subjected to 40°C for 12 h during the photo-phase daily or maintained at 24–26°C. Birds in each group received oral treatment with parachlorophenyalanine (PCPA; 50 mg/kg BW/day for 3 days), an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis; or immunized against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both treatments are known to reduce circulating PRL levels. Non treated birds were included as controls. In the control group, high ambient temperature terminated egg laying, induced ovarian regression, reduced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroids (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol) levels, and increased plasma PRL levels and the incidence of incubation behavior. Pretreatment with PCPA reduced (P< 0.05) heat stress-induced decline in egg production, increase in PRL levels, and expression of incubation behavior. Plasma LH and ovarian steroid levels of heat stressed birds were restored to that of controls by PCPA treatment. As in PCPA-treated birds, VIP immunoneutralization of heat-stressed turkeys reduced (P< 0.05) circulating PRL levels and prevented the expression of incubation behavior. But it did not restore the decline in LH, ovarian steroids, and egg production (P> 0.05). The present findings indicate that the detrimental effect of high temperature on reproductive performance may not be related to the elevated PRL levels in heat-stressed birds but to mechanism(s) that involve 5-HT neurotransmission and the induction of hyperthermia.
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Yaron, Zvi, Martin P. Schreibman, Abigail Elizur, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon Piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568102.bard.
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The black carp (bc)GtH IIb cDNA was amplified and isolated, cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the bcGtH IIb deduced a.a. sequence with that of GtH IIb from other teleosts revealed high homology to cyprinid species and a lower homology to salmonid or perciform fish. The gene coding for the GtH IIb was isolated and sequenced. Three bc recombinant phages which hybridized to the goldfish GtH Ib cDNA probe were isolated and are currently being characterized. The region coding for the mature GtH IIb was expressed in a bacterial expression vector resulting in the production of a recombinant protein. In vitro folding resulted in a protein only 1.3% of which displaced the native common carp GtH II in a RIA. Therefore, the common carp GtH RIA was utilized for the physiological studies at the current phase of the project. Two non-functional sites were identified along the brain-pituitary gonadal axis in the immature black carp. The pituitary is refractory to GnRH stimulation due to a block proximal to the activation of PKA and PKC probably at the level of GnRH receptors. The gonads, although capable of producing steroids, are refractory to gonadotropic stimulation but do respond to cAMP antagonists, indicating a block at the GtH receptor level. Attempts to advance puberty in 2 and 3 y old black carp showed that testosterone (T) stimulates GtH synthesis in the pituitary and increases its sensitivity to GnRh. A 2 month treatment combining T+GnRH increased the circulating GFtH level in 3 y old fish. Addition of domperidone to such a treatment facilitated both the accumulation of GtH in the pituitary and its response to GnRH. The cDNA of striped bass GtH a, Ib and IIb subunits were amplified, isolated, cloned and sequenced, and their deduced a.a. sequences were compared with those of other teleosts. A ribonuclease protection assay was developed for a sensitive and simultaneous determination of all GtH subunits, and of b-actin mRNAs of the striped bass. GnRH stimulated dramatically the expression of the a and GtH IIb subunits but the level of GtH Ib mRNA increased only moderately. These findings suggest that GtH-II, considered in salmonids to be involved only in final stages of gametogenesis, can be induced by GnRH to a higher extent than GtH-I in juvenile striped bass. The native GtH II of the striped bass was isolated and purified, and an ELISA for its determination was developed. The production of all recombinant striped bass GtH subunits is in progress using the insect cell (Sf9) culture and the BAC-TO-BAC baculovirus expression system. A recombinant GtH IIb subunit has been produced already, and its similarity to the native subunit was confirmed. The yield of the recombinant glycoprotein can reach 3.5 mg/ml after 3 days culture. All male striped bass reach puberty after 3 y. However, precocious puberty was discovered in 1 and 2 y old males. Females become vitellogenic during their 4th year. In immature 2 y old females, T treatment elevates the pituitary GtH II content while GnRH only potentiates the effect. However, in males GnRH and not T affects GtH accumulation in the pituitary. Neither GnRH, nor T treatment resulted in gonadal growth in 2 y old striped bass, indicating that either the accumulated GtH II was not released, or if released, the gonads were refractory to GtH stimulation, similar to the situation in the immature black carp. In 3 y old female striped bass, 150 day GnRHa treatment resulted in an increase in GSI, while T treatment, with or without GnRHa, resulted in a decrease in oocyte diameter, similar to the effect seen in the black carp. Further attempts to advance puberty in both fish species should take into account the positive effect of T on pituitary GtH and its negative effect of ovarian growth.
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Yaron, Zvi, Abigail Elizur, Martin Schreibman, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695841.bard.
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Both the genes and cDNA sequences encoding the b-subunits of black carp LH and FSH were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the bcFSHb and LHb5'flanking regions revealed that the promoter region of both genes contains canonical TATA sequences, 30 bp and 17 bp upstream of the transcription start site of FSHb and LHb genes, respectively. In addition, they include several sequences of cis-acting motifs, required for inducible and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation: the gonadotropin-specific element (GSE), GnRH responsive element (GRE), half sites of estrogen and androgen response elements, cAMP response element, and AP1. Several methods have been employed by the Israeli team to purify the recombinant b subunits (EtOH precipitation, gel filtration and lentil lectin). While the final objective to produce pure recombinantGtH subunits has not yet been achieved, we have covered much ground towards this goal. The black carp ovary showed a gradual increase in both mass and oocyte diameter. First postvitellogenic oocytes were found in 5 yr old fish. At this age, the testes already contained spermatozoa. The circulating LH levels increased from 0.5 ng/ml in 4 yr old fish to >5ng/ml in 5 yr old fish. In vivo challenge experiments in black carp showed the initial LH response of the pituitary to GnRH in 4 yr old fish. The response was further augmented in 5 yr old fish. The increase in estradiol level in response to gonadotropic stimulation was first noted in 4 yr old fish but this response was much stronger in the following year. In vivo experiments on the FSHb and LHb mRNA levels in response to GnRH were carried out on common carp as a model for synchronom spawning cyprinids. These experiments showed the prevalence of FSHP in maturing fish while LHP mRNA was prevalent in mature fish, especially in females. The gonadal fat-pad was found to originate from the retroperitoneal mesoderm and not from the genital ridge, thus differing from that reported in certain amphibians This tissue possibly serves as the major source of sex steroids in the immature black carp. However, such a function is taken over by the developing gonads in 4 yr old fish. In the striped bass, we described the ontogeny of the neuro-endocrine parameters along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis during the first four years of life, throughout gonadal development and the onset of puberty. We also described the responsiveness of the reproductive axis to long-term hormonal manipulations at various stages of gonadal development. Most males reached complete sexual maturity during the first year of life. Puberty was initiated during the third year of life in most females, but this first reproductive cycle did not lead to the acquisition of full sexual maturity. This finding indicates that more than one reproductive cycle may be required before adulthood is reached. Out of the three native GnRHs present in striped bass, only sbGnRH and cGnRH II increased concomitantly with the progress of gonadal development and the onset of puberty. This finding, together with data on GtH synthesis and release, suggests that while sbGnRH and cGnRH II may be involved in the regulation of puberty in striped bass, these neuropeptides are not limiting factors to the onset of puberty. Plasma LH levels remained low in all fish, suggesting that LH plays only a minor role in early gonadal development. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that experimentally elevated plasma LH levels did not result in the induction of complete ovarian and testicular development. The acquisition of complete puberty in 4 yr old females was associated with a rise in the mRNA levels of all GtH subunit genes, including a 218-fold increase in the mRNA levels of bFSH. mRNA levels of the a and PLH subunits increased only 11- and 8-fold, respectively. Although data on plasma FSH levels are unavailable, the dramatic increase in bFSH mRNA suggests a pivotal role for this hormone in regulating the onset and completion of puberty in striped bass. The hormonal regulation of the onset of puberty and of GtH synthesis and release was studied by chronic administration of testosterone (T) and/or an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (G). Sustained administration of T+G increased the mRNA levels of the PLH subunit to the values characteristic of sexually mature fish, and also increased the plasma levels of LH. However, these changes did not result in the acceleration of sexual maturation. The mRNA levels of the bFSH subunit were slightly stimulated, but remained about 1/10 of the values characteristic of sexually mature fish. It is concluded that the stimulation of FSH gene expression and release does not lead to the acceleration of sexual maturity, and that the failure to sufficiently stimulate the bFSH subunit gene expression may underlie the inability of the treatments to advance sexual maturity. Consequently, FSH is suggested to be the key hormone to the initiation and completion of puberty in striped bass. Future efforts to induce precocious puberty in striped bass should focus on understanding the regulation of FSH synthesis and release and on developing technologies to induce these processes. Definite formulation of hormonal manipulation to advance puberty in the striped bass and the black carp seems to be premature at this stage. However, the project has already yielded a great number of experimental tools of DNA technology, slow-release systems and endocrine information on the process of puberty. These systems and certain protocols have been already utilized successfully to advance maturation in other fish (e.g. grey mullet) and will form a base for further study on fish puberty.
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Indications and contraindications for testosterone replacement therapy. BJUI Knowledge, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0496.
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How Testosterone Leads to Overpricing on Wall Street. IEDP Ideas for Leaders, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/608.
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