Relevant bibliographies by topics / Testing of differentials

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Testing of differentials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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William, Wilson, Bruce Dahl, and David Hertsgaard. "Soybean quality differentials, blending, testing and spatial arbitrage." Journal of Commodity Markets 18 (June 2020): 100095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2019.100095.

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Willoughby, Kim A., Jeff S. Uhlmeyer, Joe P. Mahoney, Keith W. Anderson, and Linda M. Pierce. "Construction-Related Variability in Pavement Mat Density due to Temperature Differentials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1 (January 2003): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-18.

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The work reported on is an extension of work done in Washington State to examine the systematic occurrence and variability in pavement mat density. The focus will be on the extent of the pavement that is affected by variable density due to temperature differentials and the fact that randomly based testing does not identify the occurrence of cyclic density differentials. Temperature differentials 14°C (25°F) or greater generally cannot be compacted to the same level of density as the surrounding mat and therefore lead to significant density differentials (increase in air voids of 2% or more). A cyclic pattern typically occurs, matching each delivered truckload of mix, although temperature differentials can occur randomly or not at all, depending on the remixing device. The largest extent of pavement is affected when no remixing occurs and temperature differentials develop for every truckload of hot mix. These temperature differentials can cover the entire width and affect up to 50% of the mat. If the delivered hot mix is thoroughly remixed before placement, temperature differentials are minimal. Although density will vary in any paving operation, it was found that a uniform temperature mat greatly increases the ability to achieve a uniform density. Because of this cyclic pattern of variable density, random sampling for in-place density does not properly identify or quantify this problem. It is recommended that temperature differential areas be determined during construction and excluded from the random sampling used for acceptance testing. The issue of variable densities due to temperature differences or aggregate segregation should be identified and eliminated at the start of the project.
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Snow, R. C., M. Madalane, and M. Poulsen. "Are men testing? Sex differentials in HIV testing in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." AIDS Care 22, no. 9 (September 2010): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903193641.

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Grant, E. Kenneth, Robert Swidinsky, and John Vanderkamp. "Canadian Union-Nonunion Wage Differentials." ILR Review 41, no. 1 (October 1987): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704100108.

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Using extensive Canadian longitudinal data from the years 1969–71, the authors estimate union-nonunion wage differentials of 12–14 percent for 1969 and 13–16 percent for 1970. These estimates are not adjusted for selectivity because three different tests to identify selectivity yield no evidence of selectivity bias. The authors argue that although testing for selectivity is often essential, selectivity adjustments have resulted in greatly inflated estimates of union-nonunion wage differentials in some studies and should therefore be used with caution.
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Silva, Gisele B., Laércio Zambolim, Anne S. Prabhu, Leila G. Araújo, and Francisco J. P. Zimmermann. "Estimation of phenotypic diversity in field populations of Magnaporthe grisea from two upland rice cultivars." Fitopatologia Brasileira 32, no. 1 (February 2007): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582007000100001.

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The phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea was evaluated based on leaf samples with blast lesions collected from eight commercial fields of the upland rice cultivars 'BRS Primavera' and 'BRS Bonança', during the growing seasons of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Goias State. The number of M. grisea isolates from each field utilized for virulence testing varied from 28 to 47. Three different indices were used based on reaction type in the eight standard international differentials and eight Brazilian differentials. The M. grisea subpopulations of ´Primavera' and 'Bonança', as measured by Simpson, Shannon and Gleason indices, showed similar phenotypic diversities. The Simpson index was more sensitive relation than those of Shannon and Gleason for pathotype number and standard deviation utilizing Brazilian differentials. However, the Gleason index was sensitive to standard deviation for international differentials. The sample size did not significantly influence the diversity index. The two sets of differential cultivars used in this study distinguished phenotypic diversity in different ways in all of the eight subpopulations analyzed. The phenotypic diversity determined based on eight differential Brazilian cultivars was lower in commercial rice fields of 'Primavera' than in the fields of 'Bonança,' independent of the diversity index utilized, year and location. Considering the Brazilian differentials, the four subpopulations of 'BRS Primavera' did not show evenness in distribution and only one pathotype dominated in the populations. The even distribution of pathotype was observed in three subpopulations of 'BRS Bonança'. The pathotype diversity of M. grisea was determined with more precision using Brazilian differentials and Simpson index.
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Caporale, Guglielmo Maria, and Nikitas Pittis. "Testing for Unbiasedness of Term Structure and Interest Differentials As Predictors of Future Inflation Changes and Inflation Differentials." Canadian Journal of Economics 29 (April 1996): S565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136109.

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Webb, A. J., P. R. Bampton, and R. Mitchell. "Selection differentials in a pig dam line group nucleus." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020936.

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Mixed model methods allow genetic merit to be compared directly for pigs measured in different environments or generations. They take into account genetic relationships among all individuals in the population, and allow continuous selection throughout the animal's life. The advantage is more accurate selection in larger populations. The risk is that selection decisions are decentralised to many different sites, requiring a high degree of supervision.In 1986 a “group nucleus” using BLUP and AI was established for a pig dam line in order to improve both litter size and lean growth. Selection occurs at several different stages in the life cycle, and this study examines selection differentials during performance testing together with the loss of differential resulting from visual appraisal.
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Favero, Carlo, Marco Pagano, and Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden. "How Does Liquidity Affect Government Bond Yields?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 45, no. 1 (November 26, 2009): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990494.

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AbstractThe paper explores the determinants of yield differentials between sovereign bonds, using euro-area data. There is a common trend in yield differentials, which is correlated with a measure of aggregate risk. In contrast, liquidity differentials display sizeable heterogeneity and no common factor. We propose a simple model with endogenous liquidity demand, where a bond’s liquidity premium depends both on its transaction cost and on investment opportunities. The model predicts that yield differentials should increase in both liquidity and risk, with an interaction term of the opposite sign. Testing these predictions on daily data, we find that the aggregate risk factor is consistently priced, liquidity differentials are priced for a subset of countries, and their interaction with the risk factor is in line with the model’s prediction and crucial to detect their effect.
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Sultan, A., A. Abelson, V. Bresler, L. Fishelson, and O. Mokady. "Biomonitoring marine environmental quality at the level of gene-expression – testing the feasibility of a new approach." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0324.

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Differential-display PCR (DD-PCR), a comparative method for detecting alterations in the expression pattern of unknown genes, was applied to identify markers for environmental pollution of the coastal marine environment, in Donax trunculus (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Bivalves collected from a site typified by industrial pollution were compared with bivalves collected from an unpolluted site. Additionally, bivalves from the unpolluted site were exposed in the laboratory to increasing levels of pollution. Multiple responsive fragments, including qualitative and quantitative differentials, were observed in both experimental designs. Fragment-specific primers may be designed for use in diagnostic amplifications, according to the sequence of selected differential fragments. This study is a first step toward the establishment of a marine warning and monitoring system based on the most basic level of biological response.
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Kučera, Pavel, and Václav Píštěk. "Testing of the mechatronic robotic system of the differential lock control on a truck." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 172988141773689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417736897.

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This article deals with testing the algorithm developed for autonomous control lock of the differential in a truck. Hardware for hardware in the loop testing of robotic systems or automotive systems is used and the proposed control algorithm was implemented into it. The system was applied to a vehicle with 8 × 8 drive and control algorithm evaluates input sensor values to set robotic console control. It is an actuator which consists of electrovalve, pneumatic cylinder, console, special dog clutch and feedback limit switch. This robotic console is used to lock the truck differentials. Verification of the correct algorithm operation was performed by manoeuvres and the response of the whole system was monitored. The aim was to get the reaction times of this mechatronic robotic system and evaluate them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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Odložilík, Daniel. "Zařízení pro testování diferenciálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445172.

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This master’s thesis deals with the design of equipment for testing differentials. The aim of the thesis is therefore the design of a special device that will be able to measure the steady and transient characteristics of differentials. Master’s thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter points out the disadvantages of fully open and closed differentials, the second deals with a basic overview of the structures and design of self-locking differentials. The third chapter deals with research of existing devices that test and measure the characteristics of differentials. The fourth chapter then discusses the possible drives of the tested unit. The fifth chapter focuses on the actual construction design of the test equipment. The subsequent sixth chapter then solves the strength calculations of the chosen structural elements of this device.
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Noller, Yannic. "Hybrid Differential Software Testing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21968.

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Differentielles Testen ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Qualitätssicherung von Software, mit dem Ziel Testeingaben zu generieren, die Unterschiede im Verhalten der Software deutlich machen. Solche Unterschiede können zwischen zwei Ausführungspfaden (1) in unterschiedlichen Programmversionen, aber auch (2) im selben Programm auftreten. In dem ersten Fall werden unterschiedliche Programmversionen mit der gleichen Eingabe untersucht, während bei dem zweiten Fall das gleiche Programm mit unterschiedlichen Eingaben analysiert wird. Die Regressionsanalyse, die Side-Channel Analyse, das Maximieren der Ausführungskosten eines Programms und die Robustheitsanalyse von Neuralen Netzwerken sind typische Beispiele für differentielle Softwareanalysen. Eine besondere Herausforderung liegt in der effizienten Analyse von mehreren Programmpfaden (auch über mehrere Programmvarianten hinweg). Die existierenden Ansätze sind dabei meist nicht (spezifisch) dafür konstruiert, unterschiedliches Verhalten präzise hervorzurufen oder sind auf einen Teil des Suchraums limitiert. Diese Arbeit führt das Konzept des hybriden differentiellen Software Testens (HyDiff) ein: eine hybride Analysetechnik für die Generierung von Eingaben zur Erkennung von semantischen Unterschieden in Software. HyDiff besteht aus zwei parallel laufenden Komponenten: (1) einem such-basierten Ansatz, der effizient Eingaben generiert und (2) einer systematischen Analyse, die auch komplexes Programmverhalten erreichen kann. Die such-basierte Komponente verwendet Fuzzing geleitet durch differentielle Heuristiken. Die systematische Analyse basiert auf Dynamic Symbolic Execution, das konkrete Eingaben bei der Analyse integrieren kann. HyDiff wird anhand mehrerer Experimente evaluiert, die in spezifischen Anwendungen im Bereich des differentiellen Testens ausgeführt werden. Die Resultate zeigen eine effektive Generierung von Testeingaben durch HyDiff, wobei es sich signifikant besser als die einzelnen Komponenten verhält.
Differential software testing is important for software quality assurance as it aims to automatically generate test inputs that reveal behavioral differences in software. The concrete analysis procedure depends on the targeted result: differential testing can reveal divergences between two execution paths (1) of different program versions or (2) within the same program. The first analysis type would execute different program versions with the same input, while the second type would execute the same program with different inputs. Therefore, detecting regression bugs in software evolution, analyzing side-channels in programs, maximizing the execution cost of a program over multiple executions, and evaluating the robustness of neural networks are instances of differential software analysis with the goal to generate diverging executions of program paths. The key challenge of differential software testing is to simultaneously reason about multiple program paths, often across program variants, in an efficient way. Existing work in differential testing is often not (specifically) directed to reveal a different behavior or is limited to a subset of the search space. This PhD thesis proposes the concept of Hybrid Differential Software Testing (HyDiff) as a hybrid analysis technique to generate difference revealing inputs. HyDiff consists of two components that operate in a parallel setup: (1) a search-based technique that inexpensively generates inputs and (2) a systematic exploration technique to also exercise deeper program behaviors. HyDiff’s search-based component uses differential fuzzing directed by differential heuristics. HyDiff’s systematic exploration component is based on differential dynamic symbolic execution that allows to incorporate concrete inputs in its analysis. HyDiff is evaluated experimentally with applications specific for differential testing. The results show that HyDiff is effective in all considered categories and outperforms its components in isolation.
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Noller, Yannic [Verfasser]. "Hybrid Differential Software Testing / Yannic Noller." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219903949/34.

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Gulati, Parul. "Testing for Differential Expression in Small Sample Microarray Experiments." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262280121.

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Osth, Adam F. "Create or differentiate? Testing the boundary conditions of differentiation." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1321390746.

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Hui, Qin. "Testing an Assumption of Non-Differential Misclassification in Case-Control Studies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/103.

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One of the issues regarding the misclassification in case-control studies is whether the misclassification error rates are the same for both cases and controls. Currently, a common practice is to assume that the rates are the same (“non-differential” assumption). However, it is suspicious that this assumption is valid in many case-control studies. Unfortunately, no test is available so far to test the validity of the assumption of non-differential misclassification when the validation data are not available. We propose the first such method to test the validity of non-differential assumption in a case-control study with 2 × 2 contingency table. First, the Exposure Operating Characteristic curve is defined. Next, two non-parametric methods are applied to test the assumption of non-differential misclassification. Three examples from practical applications are used to illustrate the methods and a comparison is made.
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Barrera-Gonzalez, Claudia Patricia. "Testing platform for a low voltage differential signal gigabit communication module." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 53 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342743431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Leung, Kin-sang, and 梁建生. "A rapid molecular testing system for differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48334145.

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Myeloproliferative neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of stem cell disorders with overproduction of myeloid cells. They have very different clinical courses and prognosis and are amenable to specific targeted therapy. A prompt and accurate diagnosis is therefore very important. Genetic characterisation plays an important role in diagnosis and classification of these disorders. BCR-ABL1fusion gene and JAK2V617F mutation are the particular major molecular markers to be detected because of availability of targeted therapy. In this study, a new molecular testing system was developed for the differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. A multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was developed for fast detection of JAK2 V617F mutation and BCR-ABL1fusion simultaneously. It was demonstrated to be fast and highly sensitive and specific for the mutations as validated by analysis of clinical samples. The sensitivity limit was well suited for clinical diagnosis. There was great potential saving in consumables and manpower with a much shortened turn-around-time in most cases when compared to conventional diagnostic protocol.
published_or_final_version
Pathology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Kamphaus, Mary Ann. "The differential abilities scales : validation using a gifted sample." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862275.

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The pupose of this study was to examine the validity of the Differential Abilities Scale with a gifted sample. Subjects consisted of 111 students identified as gifted by Indiana S-4. They were in grades 1 thru 6 and ranged in age from 6-8 to 12-11 with a mean age of 9-8. There were 60 females and 51 males who participated. Approximately, 1% of the population was minority which closely resembled the school population. Data from previously administered WISC-III and WIAT (The Psychological Corporation, 1992) were available for 21 of the 111 students.The first aspect of this study was to assess the construct validity of the DAS through investigation of the internal structure. Several different models were proposed. These analyses revealed that the proposed models were not good explanations of the relationships among obtained scores because convergence could not be obtained. A respecified two factor model was obtained where loadings on a Verbal Factor were constrained as recommended by Maxwell (1977). For this sample of gifted students a two-factor model with the first factor being primarily composed of Word Definitions was found to be a tenable one for the DAS.The second aspect of this study was to examine the convergent and predictive validity of the DAS by comparing these scores with the WISC-III and WIAT scores. Verbal factors for the two intelligence tests were the most highly correlated. Although there is overlap between the two intelligence measures, each test measures something unique. While one might expect these two instruments would not correlate perfectly, this correlation is lower than predicted.The DAS cognitive portion was more highly related to the other ability measure, the WISC-III, than it was to achievement as measured by the WIAT. In addition, achievement portions of both instruments were more highly related than they were to the ability measures.
Department of Educational Psychology
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Mann, Heather Marie. "Testing for differentially functioning indicators using mixtures of confirmatory factor analysis models." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9170.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Measurement, Statistics and Evaluation. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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Blau, Francine D. Do cognitive test scores explain higher US wage inequality? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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McGill, David Graham. The effects of differential feedback on negative hypothesis testing. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 2002.

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Hamilton, Laura S. Exploring differential item functioning on science achievement tests. Los Angeles, CA: Center for the Study of Evaluation, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, 1998.

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Papageorgiou, Evangelos C. Development of a dynamic model for a UAV. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Wim J. van der Linden. Using response-time constraints in item selection to control for differential speededness in computerized adaptive testing. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 2003.

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Linden, Wim J. van der. Using response-time constraints in item selection to control for differential speededness in computerized adaptive testing. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 2003.

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Roussos, Louis A. A generalized formula for the Mantel-Haenszel differential item functioning parameter. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 1998.

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Klimek, Adam. Metody doskonalenia odwrotnych modeli diagnostycznych. Gliwice: Wydawn. Politechniki Śląskiej, 1999.

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Nandakumar, Ratna. CATSIB: A modified SIBTEST procedure to detect differential item functioning in computerized adaptive tests. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 2001.

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International Conference Computer methods and inverse problems in nondestructive testing and diagnostics (1995 Minsk, Belarus). Computer methods and inverse problems in nondestructive testing and diagnostics CM NDT-95: Proceedings International Conference, November 21-24, 1995 Minsk, Belarus. Berlin: DGZfP, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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Farina, Gian Pietro, Stephen Chong, and Marco Gaboardi. "Coupled Relational Symbolic Execution for Differential Privacy." In Programming Languages and Systems, 207–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_8.

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AbstractDifferential privacy is a de facto standard in data privacy with applications in the private and public sectors. Most of the techniques that achieve differential privacy are based on a judicious use of randomness. However, reasoning about randomized programs is difficult and error prone. For this reason, several techniques have been recently proposed to support designer in proving programs differentially private or in finding violations to it.In this work we propose a technique based on symbolic execution for reasoning about differential privacy. Symbolic execution is a classic technique used for testing, counterexample generation and to prove absence of bugs. Here we use symbolic execution to support these tasks specifically for differential privacy. To achieve this goal, we design a relational symbolic execution technique which supports reasoning about probabilistic coupling, a formal notion that has been shown useful to structure proofs of differential privacy. We show how our technique can be used to both verify and find violations to differential privacy.
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Drasgow, Fritz, Christopher D. Nye, Stephen Stark, and Oleksandr S. Chernyshenko. "Differential Item and Test Functioning." In The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing, 885–99. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118489772.ch27.

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Zwick, Rebecca. "The Investigation of Differential Item Functioning in Adaptive Tests." In Elements of Adaptive Testing, 331–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85461-8_17.

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Agrež, Dušan. "A/D Conversion with Non-uniform Differential Quantization." In Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters, 277–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39655-7_9.

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Zwick, Rebecca. "The Assessment of Differential Item Functioning in Comput Adaptive Tests." In Computerized Adaptive Testing: Theory and Practice, 221–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47531-6_12.

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Wang, Chunyan, Weimin Ge, Xiaohong Li, and Zhiyong Feng. "DCT: Differential Combination Testing of Deep Learning Systems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 697–710. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30508-6_55.

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Rognes, Marie E. "Automated testing of saddle point stability conditions." In Automated Solution of Differential Equations by the Finite Element Method, 657–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23099-8_36.

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Kunishima, S., S. Kobayashi, H. Saito, and T. Naoe. "Rapid Detection of Plasma Glycocalicin by a Latex Agglutination Test and Its Use in the Differential Diagnosis of Thrombocytopaenia." In Advances in Critical Care Testing, 173–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60735-6_43.

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Péladan-Germa, Ariane. "Testing identities of series defined by algebraic partial differential equations." In Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes, 393–407. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60114-7_30.

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Hao, Guanshengrui, and Nan Lin. "Discrete Multiple Testing in Detecting Differential Methylation Using Sequencing Data." In Statistical Modeling in Biomedical Research, 65–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33416-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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Santolucito, Mark. "Version space learning for verification on temporal differentials." In ISSTA '17: International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3092703.3098238.

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Wells, Dax B., Benjamin C. Groen, and Robert H. Todd. "Investigation of Mechanical Differentials as Continuously Variable Transmissions." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47479.

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In recent years the increasing demand for fuel efficient and less pollutant vehicles has stimulated the development of hybrid and electric vehicles. These vehicle platforms often incorporate drivetrains which utilize multiple power sources for vehicle propulsion to increase fuel mileage and reduce emissions. Understanding the torque and RPM relationship within the power transmission device used to combine power sources is fundamental to overcoming the design challenges associated with hybrid/electric vehicle platforms. Results from this research include the fundamental torque and RPM relationships that exist in a multiple-input, single-output power transmission device. Results were deduced from a test incorporating two separate power inputs into a mechanical differential, which produced a single output. Testing showed that a mechanical differential has the ability to function as an infinitely variable transmission (IVT). Additionally, recommendations for overcoming some of the challenges associated with using a mechanical differential as a multiple-input, single-output device were identified.
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Sarawate, Neelesh, and Deepak Trivedi. "Rotating Brush Seal Design and Performance Testing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-02334.

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Abstract Brush seals are widely used in various turbomachinery applications because they provide reduced leakage than labyrinth seals in a compact space. Brush seals are generally mounted on static components and their flexible bristle tips engage the rotor to form a dynamic seal. In this paper, development of a brush seal mounted on a rotor is discussed. Benefits of this enhancement to brush seal include avoiding localized rubs on the rotor, which reduces heating of a local spot and resulting rotor bow and instabilities. The bristles are angled circumferentially instead of axially and are supported by a conical backplate. Under rotation, the bristles are pushed towards the backplate by the centrifugal force. Seal configurations are designed to fit into interstage and inter-shaft locations. A modeling approach for predicting stiffness and operating stresses in these seals also is outlined. A test setup is developed to characterize the performance of rotating brush seals under engine-representative centrifugal force and pressure differentials. Presented results demonstrate that brush seal can achieve tight effective gaps and desired performance after undergoing initial wear.
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Laux, Peter C., James A. Kleiss, and John E. Huff. "Subjective Testing Experiment using the Semantic Differentials Paradigm for Sound Quality Assessment of Power Seat Mechanism Noise." In SAE 2005 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2475.

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Patel, Tapan, Constandinos Mitsingas, James P. Miller, and Ty A. Newell. "Comparison of Blower Door and Tracer Gas Testing Methods for Determination of Air Infiltration Rates Through Building Envelopes at Normal Operating Conditions." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54373.

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Tracer gas and blower door testing are two widely used methods to determine the rate of air infiltration through a building envelope. Blower door testing is performed at elevated pressure differentials across the building envelope whereas tracer gas testing is conducted at near zero differential pressures, better reflecting the air leakage rate at near normal building operating conditions. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether extrapolation of blower door test data to normal building operating conditions provides a good estimate of annual average air infiltration at those conditions. Two methods were used to extrapolate the data and were then compared to the baseline tracer gas tests. A secondary objective was to determine the ventilation rate of a residential facility using tracer gas tests. Tracer gas testing seems to be more reliable in determining the air leakage rate at normal operating pressures, but is sensitive to the tracer gas and ambient weather conditions. Regardless, for the subject facility, the ACH50/20 rule and Sherman’s ACH50/N correlation, extrapolated from the blower door tests, are within 6%–33% and 4%–38% of the tracer gas results, respectively. However, these errors are dependent on the assumptions used. Nevertheless, it appears that simple blower door testing can provide a reasonable measure of a building’s annual average air infiltration rate regardless of ambient conditions, whereas the more expensive and complex tracer gas tests may better reflect seasonal variations in air infiltration rates.
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George, Elviz, Diganta Das, Michael Osterman, Michael Pecht, and Christopher Otte. "Physics of Failure Based Virtual Testing of Communications Hardware." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12181.

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Communications hardware for high reliability systems are starting to include modern low profile parts such as Quad Flat Pack No-lead (QFN) and Land Grid Array (LGA) packages to take advantage of their size and weight. In these parts, heat sinks often provide a conductive thermal dissipation path. Printed circuit assemblies with these parts will still need to meet the industry specific qualification requirements for thermal and vibration testing. It is beneficial to identify if the equipment will be able to meet the qualification test requirements during the design phase particularly when new technology insertions are being made. In this design, various surface mount packages like LGAs, QFNs and so on were used in a printed circuit board which included two stiffening layers with non-standard laminates. calcePWA is a simulation software which estimates the cycles to failure of components under various loading conditions using Physics of Failure (PoF). The cycles to failure simulation of this design using calcePWA software identified the critical interconnects that are at risk for failure under non-operational test conditions. The design was also evaluated under a long haul aircraft profile, with the assembly in operational state. In operational state simulation, the effectiveness of thermal shunts in reducing board to component thermal differentials was evaluated. Effects of degradations of the thermal shunts with time were used in the evaluation. Results showed that the vibration and shock reliability were less of a concern than thermal cycling for this board layout. Risk mitigation methods for thermal cycling durability were identified and recommended to be used in the system redesign.
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Toth, David G., Brian M. Hupp, Todd W. Snyder, and Selva Karunakaran. "Validation Testing of Bearing Temperature Differentials and Identification of Root Causes on Selected Union Pacific Railroad Hot and Warm Trend Set-Outs." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63029.

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This paper is the summary report on work started in 2007, and initially introduced in a presentation at the joint ASME – TTCI Bearing Symposium in Chicago in September of 2007 [1]. The identification of the root cause(s) for “warm bearing trend” temperatures has also been the subject of other technical papers [2, 3]. Traditional railroad journal bearing hot box detector (HBD) systems monitor journal bearing temperatures, and typically provide an alarm based on a measured in-service bearing absolute temperature, or against a programmed “delta” over the ambient temperature level. More recently, bearing operating temperatures have been statistically analyzed for temperature “trending”, and identification of temperature “outliers”, or bearings which display a higher temperature relative to the majority of bearings in the same train. AAR rules now facilitate the removal from service of bearings which either: 1) exceed traditionally defined limits, or 2) meet the statistical criteria set forth by these newly established AAR industry rules, to ideally prevent or eliminate “burn off journals” and potential derailments. This study is focused on testing of railroad journal bearings that were removed from service for “Why Made Code 50” (an “overheated” journal bearing), and exhibited no visually obvious external signs of distress. Dynamic testing and a corresponding tear down investigation to determine the root cause(s) for the elevated temperature was performed for the trend and mate bearings. This dynamic rig testing and corresponding investigation(s) have resulted in the determination of a significant and potential root cause for warm trend bearings.
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Hurley, David A., and Dryver R. Huston. "Self-Sealing Pneumatic Pressure Vessel With Passive and Active Methods." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-58008.

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This paper discusses passive and active self-sealing techniques for pressure vessels. The history and state-of-the-art of self-sealing fluid containment vessels is followed by a discussion of challenges specific to implementing self-sealing on pressure vessels. These challenges include large pressure differentials, high speed flows through the leak, the need for relatively rapid response, and embedding the sealing techniques as a composite within a pressure vessel while satisfying practical constraints of weight and size. A benchtop pneumatic test bed provides a setting for evaluating self-sealing technologies. Testing focuses on experiments and models of passive techniques that use shear-thickening fluid coagulation for plugging. This is followed by results that demonstrate the use of active sealing methods with coordinated leak sensing and activated sealing. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring detects the leak. Electrocoagulation and thermoplastic flow provide the means of controlled sealing. A separate study explores AE testing as a tool for damage assessment. Combining AE testing with neural-network pattern recognition algorithms enables leak detection, location, and size assessment.
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Moore, J. Jeffrey, and Thomas A. Soulas. "Damper Seal Comparison in a High-Pressure Re-Injection Centrifugal Compressor During Full-Load, Full-Pressure Factory Testing Using Direct Rotordynamic Stability Measurement." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48458.

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Rotordynamic stability in high-pressure centrifugal compressors is of great concern to both the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the end-user, because of the potential for costly downtime should problems occur. To minimize these problems, damper seals have been developed to provide substantial damping to the rotor system. These seals are placed in the process gas at locations where large pressure differentials occur and contain relatively large lengths and diameters. Previous studies demonstrated the improvement provided by damper seals both analytically and with measurement during full-load, full-pressure testing (Moore, et al. [1]). The present study compares the damping and leakage control performance of two seal geometry, a hole pattern seal and a smooth seal. The smooth seal is intended to simulate a hole pattern seal that has “plugged up” because of contaminants in the process gas. The dimensions of the seals are identical in all other aspects. Two tests were performed using an eight-stage, back-to-back re-injection compressor as the test vehicle. The logarithmic decrement and seal leakage rates results are compared for the two seal designs. Analytical predictions are then compared with the measurements. The smooth seal demonstrates damping similar to the hole pattern design, but has a large leakage penalty.
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Goudarzi, Navid, and Kyung Soo Han. "River Turbines Controlled by Mechanical Speed Converters." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88417.

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River turbines, also known as zero-head or in-stream turbines, produce electrical power with the kinetic energy of flowing water. Lower investment requirements in their infrastructure, as no dam/head differentials is needed, make them a promising solution to the practice of reducing the power production from conventional resources, especially in remote/off-grid applications. In this work, a speed converter design is introduced to be used for harnessing the hydrokinetic power in a moving mass of water. In contrast to power converters, that convert a variable power to a constant power, a speed converter, converts a variable rotational speed into a constant speed. It has four major advantages: (1) the all-gear configuration facilitates scalability of the power rating, (2) the produced constant speed, a grid-quality constant frequency, with/without grid connection, can be generated, (3) it’s simple and durable design make it a more economic option. The results show these advantageous through lab-scale and real-environment experimental testing.
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Reports on the topic "Testing of differentials"

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Frost, Jennifer J., Jennifer Mueller, and Zoe H. Pleasure. Trends and Differentials in Receipt of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States: Services Received and Sources of Care, 2006–2019. Guttmacher Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33017.

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Key Points Seven in 10 U.S. women of reproductive age, some 44 million women, make at least one medical visit to obtain sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services each year. While the overall number of women receiving any SRH service remained relatively stable between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, the number of women receiving preventive gynecologic care fell and the number receiving STI testing doubled. Disparities in use of SRH services persist, as Hispanic women are significantly less likely than non-Hispanic White women to receive SRH services, and uninsured women are significantly less likely to receive services than privately insured women. Publicly funded clinics remain critical sources of SRH care for many women, with younger women, lower income women, women of color, foreign-born women, women with Medicaid coverage and women who are uninsured especially likely to rely on publicly funded clinics. Among women who go to clinics for SRH care, two-thirds report that the clinic is their usual source for medical care. Among those relying on both private providers and public clinics, the proportion of women who reported receiving a combination of contraceptive and STI/HIV care increased between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has likely contributed to some of the changes observed in where women receive contraceptive and other SRH services and how they pay for that care: The share of women receiving contraceptive services who go to private providers rose from 69% to 77% between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, in part because more women gained private or public health insurance coverage and there was a greater likelihood that their health insurance would cover SRH services. There was a complementary drop in the share of women receiving contraceptive services who went to a publicly funded clinic, from 27% in 2006–2010 to 18% in 2015–2019. For non-Hispanic Black women, immigrant women and uninsured women, there was no increase in the use of private providers for contraceptive care from 2006–2010 to 2015–2019. Among women served at publicly funded clinics between 2006–2010 and 2015–2019, there were significant increases in the use of both public and private insurance to pay for their care.
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Stewart, T. L., and C. W. Hubbard. Differential Global Positioning System for the Surface-Towed Ordnance Locating System: Testing, results, and user`s guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194801.

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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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Douglas, D. G., R. F. Wise, J. W. Starr, and J. W. Maresca, Jr. Leak testing plan for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory liquid low- level waste system (active tanks). Volume 1, Regulatory background and plan approach; Volume 2, Methods, protocols, and schedules; Volume 3, Evaluation of the ORNL/LT-823DP differential pressure leak detection method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7296416.

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Douglas, D. G., R. F. Wise, J. W. Starr, and J. W. Jr Maresca. Leak testing plan for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory liquid low-level waste systems (active tanks): Revision 2. Volume 1: Regulatory background and plan approach; Volume 2: Methods, protocols, and schedules; Volume 3: Evaluation of the ORNL/LT-823DP differential pressure leak detection method; Appendix to Revision 2: DOE/EPA/TDEC correspondence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34317.

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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.

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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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