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Journal articles on the topic 'Testing of concrete'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Michalek, Peter, Jakub Kralovanec, and Jan Bujnak. "Composite Steel and RPC Testing." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 3 (November 7, 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.3.14.

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Reactive powder concretes are a set of ultrahigh-strength concrete reinforced with fibers. Their compressive strength is greater than 100 MPa. For assuring connection of steel beams and a concrete slab, steel stud connectors are used. The investigation of that kind of shear connection efficiency, in the case of this higher strength concrete deck using standard push-out test specimens has been executed. The experimental results are presented in the paper.

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2

Nguyen, Chanh Van. "RATIONAL PRODUCTION AND TESTING METHOD THROUGH USING SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 18 (December 15, 2009): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i18.2383.

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The development of modern concretes to avoid vibration need. These are very fluid concretes called self compacting concrete(SCC). The result from the work show that it is possible to produce a self compacting concrete. Study of the influence of materials on the rheological properties of concrete. Definition of a mix design proceess of SCC. Development of tests for laboratory and constraction site. Promote the development of a more rational concrete production method.

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3

Chen, Bo, Yue Bo Cai, Jian Tong Ding, and Yao Jian. "Crack Resistance Evaluating of HSC Based on Thermal Stress Testing." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.716.

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In order to evaluate the crack resistance of high strength fly ash concrete, concretes with different contents of silica fume and fly ash were compared with same strength grade by adjusting water to binder ratio. Compared with the concrete with 5% silica fume plus 35% fly ash，concrete with 40% fly ash has same mechanical properties and tensile strain as well as lower drying shrinkage. Complex crack resistance of high strength fly ash concretes were evaluated by Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM). The results show that fly ash concretes have outstanding crack resistance because of higher allowable temperature differential and lower cracking temperature.

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4

D. A., Oke,, Oladiran, G. F, and Raheem, S. B. "Correlation between Destructive Compressive Testing (DT) and Non Destructive Testing (NDT) for Concrete Strength." International Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/engineering-journal-ijoer-may-2017-12.

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5

Lee, Ming Ju, Ming Gin Lee, Jing Yu Chen, and Mang Tia. "Strength and Freeze-Thaw Testing of Lightweight Aggregate Concretes." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.507.

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This investigation indicates the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the strength development and durability of lightweight aggregate concretes. Two lightweight aggregate concrete, one normal concrete and one reactive powder concrete were used in this study, and total four types of concrete mix were named NC, LWC1, LWC2, and RPC. Before and after freeze-thaw test, the samples were evaluated by the compressive strength, fflexural strength, and impact abrasion tests. The test results show that steady decrease in compressive and flexural strength after freeze-thaw testing for most concrete specimens. The lightweight aggregate used in the LWC1 mix for this laboratory study had a good freeze-thaw performance history, but the LWC2 mix with lightweight aggregate approaching the 24-hour water absorption had a bad result. It might be due to the void volume required to release hydraulic pressure developed during cyclic freezing.

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6

Stehlík, Michal. "TESTING THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE FROM RAW AND DISPERSION-TREATED CONCRETE RECYCLATE BY ADDITION OF ADDITIVES AND ADMIXTURES." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.734853.

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Today, concrete comprises more than 65% of the total volume of building constructions. As it undergoes degradation and buildings require refurbishment, the volume of concrete increases at disposal sites. Due to a lack of non-renewable resources and due to high prices of energies, the reuse of concrete seems to be more than desirable. It is common knowledge that in concretes made from recycled concrete, the strengths of the original concretes can hardly be achieved. The addition of dispersion additives and mineral admixtures into the freshly mixed concrete can contribute to improving the mechanical properties of concretes made from recycled concrete. Potential composite action of the recyclate, mineral admixtures and dispersion additives in increasing the compressive strength of concretes made from recycled concrete remains to be a question.

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7

Gyurkó, Zoltán, and Adorján Borosnyói. "Brinell-hardness testing and discrete element modelling of hardened concrete." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 67, no. 1 (2015): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.2.

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8

Sainz-Aja, Jose, Carlos Thomas, Juan A. Polanco, and Isidro Carrascal. "High-Frequency Fatigue Testing of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010010.

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Concrete fatigue behaviour has not been extensively studied, in part because of the difficulty and cost. Some concrete elements subjected to this type of load include the railway superstructure of sleepers or slab track, bridges for both road and rail traffic and the foundations of wind turbine towers or offshore structures. In order to address fatigue problems, a methodology was proposed that reduces the lengthy testing time and high cost by increasing the test frequency up to the resonance frequency of the set formed by the specimen and the test machine. After comparing this test method with conventional frequency tests, it was found that tests performed at a high frequency (90 ± 5 Hz) were more conservative than those performed at a moderate frequency (10 Hz); this effect was magnified in those concretes with recycled aggregates coming from crushed concrete (RC-S). In addition, it was found that the resonance frequency of the specimen–test machine set was a parameter capable of identifying whether the specimen was close to failure.

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9

Wang, Gui Ling, Ming Lei Ma, Dong Mei Miao, and Hong Juan Ma. "Pump Ability of Concrete Mixture Improvement Based on Rich Mortar Theory Testing Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.704.

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Ready-mixed concrete has gained more and more popularity in the construction projects in China. Long distance or high dislocation pump of concrete mixture is difficult to control the concrete quality , even more worse, the concrete may become drier or stocked during the pumping. How to improve the concretes pump ability is a major concern of the construction company. With the development of civil engineering, the building get much more higher and the bridge get much more longer, the pump ability of concrete matters the final product quality of the structure. This article proposed a comprehensive research on pump-ability of concrete mixture from the in field experiences by CCEED (China Construction Eighth Engineering Division).

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10

Varga, Ákos. "Permeability testing of concrete surfaces." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 56, no. 4 (2004): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2004.20.

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11

Ballivy, G. "Testing of concrete in structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-112.

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12

Abt, Steven R., James R. Leech, Christopher I. Thornton, and Chad M. Lipscomb. "ARTICULATED CONCRETE BLOCK STABILITY TESTING." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37, no. 1 (February 2001): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05472.x.

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13

Adebar, Perry. "Testing structural concrete beam elements." Materials and Structures 27, no. 8 (October 1994): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02473448.

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14

Fitzka, Michael, Ulrike Karr, Maximilian Granzner, Tomáš Melichar, Martin Rödhammer, Alfred Strauss, and Herwig Mayer. "Ultrasonic fatigue testing of concrete." Ultrasonics 116 (September 2021): 106521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106521.

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15

Tulin, P. K., V. I. Ochkurov, A. A. Shubin, and R. O. Sotnikov. "Fiber-reinforced concrete testing procedure." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 8 (2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236_1493_2021_8_0_129.

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16

Potapov, A. I., A. I. Shikhov, and E. N. Dunaeva. "Nondestructive quality testing of concrete and asphalt concrete pavements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1753, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1753/1/012053.

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17

Skibicki, Szymon, Maria Kaszyńska, and Mateusz Techman. "Maturity testing of 3D printing concrete with inert microfiller." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821903008.

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The 3D Printing of cement composites is one of the fastest developing technologies of modern concrete. The 3D printing involves concretes with high amounts of microfillers. The study analyses the influence of curing conditions on the development of strength of concretes applicable in 3D printing. Ten mixes were tested in the study. In the studied cases cement constituted to 50% of the mass, while microfillers such as lime stone powder, kaolin, quartz powder and sand (up to 2 mm) constituted to the rest of the mass. Samples were cured for 7 days in exothermic conditions at 5°C, 20°C, 35°C. Standard mortar samples of 4x4x16 cm and cylinders with 46.5 mm and height of 35 mm that simulate the printed 3D path were made. The compressive strength was tested after 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 168 h and 28 days. Based on the acquired results the temperature development function was formulated and activation energy was determined. The results showed that the proposed method is useful in evaluation of printed concrete curing. It can be also used to determine the time of loading the wall which can speed up the process of constructing while maintaining degree of safety.

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18

Schindler, Anton, Benjamin Byard, and Aravind Tankasala. "Mitigation of early-age cracking in concrete structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928407005.

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Early-age cracking can adversely affect the behavior and durability of concrete elements. This paper will cover means to mitigate early-age cracking in concrete bridge decks and mass concrete elements. The development of in-place stresses is affected by the shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, setting characteristics, restraint conditions, stress relaxation, and temperature history of the hardening concrete. The tensile strength is impacted by the cementitious materials, the water-cementitious materials ratio, the aggregate type and gradation, the curing (internal/external) provided, and the temperature history of the hardening concrete. In this study, restraint to volume change testing with rigid cracking frames (RCF) was used to directly measure and quantify the combined effects of all variables that affect the development of in-place stresses and strength in a specific application. The laboratory testing performed involved curing the concrete in the RCF under sealed, match-cured temperature conditions to simulate concrete placement in concrete bridge decks and mass concrete. Experimental results reveal that the use of low heat of hydration concretes, concretes that use fly ash and slag cement, and lightweight aggregate concretes (because of reduced modulus of elasticity and coefficient of thermal expansion), are very effective to reduce the risk of early-age cracking in these elements.

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19

Mikulica, Karel, and Iveta Hájková. "Testing of Technological Properties of Foam Concrete." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.229.

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At present the demand for thermal insulation materials is bigger than ever before. Also cement foam or foamconcrete, the mixture of cement mortar and technical foam can be one of such materials. Due to its liquid consistency this material can be simply applied in fresh status on uneven board surfaces where application of common thermal insulating materials would be very complex and time consuming.This work is involved in use of fly ash in foamconcrete and polystyrene-concrete compositions; these are very lightweight concretes produced from fine-grained cement mortars by its foaming using foamable admixtures. The objective of this work is to verify whether final physical and mechanical properties are improved when fly ash is applied within the mixture, in particular, the compressive strength thermal coefficient and stability after 12 hours from mixing.

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20

Szilágyi, Katalin, Adorján Borosnyói, and Kristóf Dobó. "Static indentation hardness testing of concrete: a long established method revived." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 63, no. 1-2. (2011): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2011.1.

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21

Mori, Kazuya, Tatsuya Iwamoto, and Saeko Tokuomi. "OS11-4-2 Remote-Controlled Testing Machine for Vertical Concrete Wall." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS11–4–2—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os11-4-2-.

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22

Huang, Peng Fei. "Patent Analysis of Concrete Testing Technology." Key Engineering Materials 726 (January 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.120.

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Discover Patent existing concrete performance test technology at home and abroad in the field of analysis of the existing concrete performance test technical features, difficulties and trends, noted that the current domestic patent technology in concrete performance test encountered utilization, protection and disputes, high durability and lightweight concrete and avoid patent risk recommendations for the structure to adapt to the development of the next building needs and provide research and development of high strength.

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23

Smilovic, M., D. Cubela, J. Radnic, and A. Harapin. "Experimental testing of wood-concrete and steel-concrete composite elements in comparison with numerical testing." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 44, no. 6 (June 2013): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201300026.

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24

Wang, Hai Liang, Zhuo Cui, Chuan Li, and Ru Cang Bao. "Mechanical Property of Solidified Concrete by Explosion as Concrete is in Flow Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1073.

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We have made the concrete test blocks, which were blasted by different charge quantities in the semi-infinite soil. Using the SHIMADZU Universal Testing Machine AG-X250kN system, we performed the uniaxial compression test, studied the stress-strain curves of concretes by explosion, under the same condition curing and the standard curing. The results show that, concrete will have higher compression strength by explosion. And there is an optimal charge quantity, when the concrete consumption is given. With this optimal charge quantity, compression property of concrete by explosion is superior to concrete cured at standard.

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25

Kaitukov, Batraz, Mihail Stepanov, and Pavel Kapyrin. "The choice of concrete mixers for the concrete preparation." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817806016.

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The production of commodity concretes is a large segment of the construction industry and a testing base for concrete mixers. The choice of high-reliable concrete mixers for high-quality production of various brands of concrete is topical. When choosing concrete mixers, the most important is condition for improving the quality of mixing. Solving this problem, the analysis of various parameters and structural designs of concrete mixers is carried out. Dependencies are established that show the properties of concrete of various brands with their composition and technical characteristics of concrete mixers. Variants of rational selection of concrete mixers that provide high uniformity of concretes and a combination of the components of the mixture are proposed. The capacities of various concrete mixers for the preparation of commodity concrete are determined and the optimum rotational speeds of the working elements of concrete mixers are determined. Reasonable speeds of movement of working elements are revealed and dependences of the Reynolds number on frequency of rotation of a drum between capacity and diameter of a drum of a concrete mixer are established. This method of selecting rational concrete mixers allows reducing operating costs and improving the quality of concrete.

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26

Chuong, Le Hong, Ung Quoc Trang, and Ngo Lam. "Asphalt concrete testing device: Studying and designing based on the properties of asphalt concrete." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(1)-06.

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With the purpose of obtaining the shear strength parameters (friction angle, φ, and cohesion, c) of asphalt concretes. At the present time, almost the testing devices were designed based on the condition of the vehicle's load when they are moving on the pavement structure. That means, the fatigue resistance of the interfaces was determined through the loads acting at the interfaces between layers are repetitive mechanical action of the moving vehicles. With that view, the ratio of the normal and shear fatigue loads of asphalt concrete was not considered in terms of the nature of the material. An asphalt concrete testing device is proposed based on the modification from AST-2 instrument and Shear Fatigue Test instrument. The main parameters of this device are calculated from the ratio of shear stress and normal stress at the fatigue of the asphalt concrete according to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Test results with asphalt specimens show that the device is stable, the acting vertical loads were smaller and more stable. Keywords: normal strength; shear stress; asphalt concrete; fatigue stresses. Received 4 December 2018, Revised 20 December 2018, Accepted 24 January 2019

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27

Hubáček, Adam, Rudolf Hela, and Tomáš Helan. "Sprayed Concrete – Possibilities of Testing Sprayed Concrete Prepared in Laboratory." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.304.

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Sprayed concrete is widely applied thanks to current development of road and underground building industry. Selection of input materials, design, preparation and testing of sprayed concrete is relatively expensive because spraying machinery has to be used for application. The paper focuses on possibilities of manufacture and testing of sprayed concrete prepared in common laboratory mixer and compacted by vibration combined with defined level of pressure. This approach seems to be an alternative for initial design and testing of sprayed concrete prepared by machinery equipment.

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28

Domagała, Lucyna, and Justyna Dobrowolska. "The influence of an applied standard test method on a measurement of concrete stabilized secant modulus of elasticity." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816307001.

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The paper focuses on the influence of the standard test method applied to determine the concrete stabilized secant modulus on a specified value. The new European Standard EN 12390-13 for testing hardened concrete accepts two methods (A and B) for the determination of the secant modulus of elasticity in compression. The aim of the research was to establish how different testing procedures affect a measured value of modulus of elasticity. Four structural concrete series: two lightweight aggregate concretes and two normal-weight ones were subject to tests of moduli of elasticity determined by both standard methods, as well as compressive strength and density. The carried out tests revealed that the procedure of testing modulus of elasticity influenced a measured value. Method A led to higher values of modulus in relation to Method B, irrespective of concrete density and strength. Nevertheless, a certain relationship between the concrete structure homogeneity and the difference in results of moduli determined by both methods may be observed.

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29

Tipka, Martin, and Jitka Vašková. "Testing of Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Uniaxial Tension." Advanced Materials Research 1106 (June 2015): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.49.

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The paper deals with an investigation of tensile properties of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete using the test in uniaxial tension. This arrangement is technically more difficult compared to the commonly used bending test, but allows easier determination of strength-deformation parameters of material. The advantage of the test is the possibility of direct analysis of the post-peak part of the stress-strain diagram in tension. The article describes the recommended test arrangement and analyzes methodology of loading. Attention is focused on the critical phase of the loading process and subsequent evaluation of results. In the experimental research was compared strength and corresponding strain of specific fibre reinforced concrete, obtained in three-point and four-point bending test, and the uniaxial tension test. The results of this comparative study are presented in the conclusion.

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30

Maierhofer, Christiane. "Non-destructive testing of concrete material properties and concrete structures." Cement and Concrete Composites 28, no. 4 (April 2006): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.02.002.

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31

Veeger, M., M. Ottelé, and A. Prieto. "Making bioreceptive concrete: Formulation and testing of bioreceptive concrete mixtures." Journal of Building Engineering 44 (December 2021): 102545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102545.

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32

Pap, Miklós, András Mahler, and Salem Georges Nehme. "Laboratory testing of seepage in concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019503030.

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Due to the construction of underground structures and hazardous waste storages, understanding and modelling of water flow through concrete has become a major topic for life-span analyses. The water retention curve (WRC) is an essential unsaturated soil function, which can be determined not only for soil samples, but also for other porous media. This paper deals with the determination of drying water retention curve for six different concrete mixtures that provide a substantial characteristic for the investigation and modelling of seepage through the pores of concrete. According to the complex pore system of the concrete, the bimodal function of van Genuchten (1980) and Fredlund and Xing (1994) models were used for curve fitting. The fitted curves were used to estimate the permeability function using Fredlund et. al (1994) model.

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33

Rodway, L. E. "Testing of zero-slump piling concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-049.

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For several years it had been noted in the field that in the absence of an accepted, rational standard method for testing impact-placed zero-slump piling concrete, a variety of strength levels were produced from the same sample of fresh concrete depending upon which of a variety of test methods happened to be used. Finally, in 1977 the Canadian Standards Association published a standard method. This method subsequently proved ambiguous and impractical in practice to many field engineers.This paper presents the results of a laboratory and field study conducted during 1985 directed at the rational development of a practical test method to realistically predict the appropriate concrete strength, [Formula: see text], to be used in the calculation of the structural load-carrying capacity of this type of pile. Key words: zero slump, impact piles, energy input, vibration, compaction, concrete strength.

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34

Davidyuk, Artem, and Igor Rumyantsev. "Quality control of high-performance concrete in high-rise construction during operation." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001035.

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With onset of the XXI century, the demand for construction of high-rise buildings with the load-bearing framework made of high-performance cast-in-situ concrete has increased many-fold in the construction sector. Specific features of the high-performance concrete of bearing structures in the situation of real operation of high-rise buildings are continuously studied by scientists and specialists all over the world, and regulatory and methodological documents are being complemented and adjusted. High-performance concretes and structures made of them possess some specific features that should be taken into account in quality control. The methods of concrete inspection and concrete strength evaluation described in GOST 18105 “Concretes. Guidelines on Testing and Evaluation of Strength” and GOST 22690 “Concretes. Evaluation of Strength by Mechanic Non-Destructive Test Methods” were written when precast reinforced concrete was predominantly used in the construction sector and were limited to the functions of intra-factory quality control of reinforced concrete products. At present, instruments for non-destructive testing using indirect methods are usually calibrated with the help of local destructions, as a rule, a pull out or rib shear test. The said methods are in fact indirect since they indicate the force of destruction of the surface layer of a structure.

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35

Chady, Tomasz, Masato Enokizono, Ryszard Sikora, Kazuhiro Takeuchi, and Toshihiro Kinoshita. "Eddy current testing of concrete structures." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 15, no. 1-4 (December 21, 2002): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2002-503.

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36

Solonenko, I. Р. "MATERIALS TESTING WITH CEMENT-CONCRETE PAVEMENT." Key title Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì -, no. 1(8) (2016): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2016-1-8-59-63.

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37

Dolan, Charles W., and Stephen P. Pessiki. "Model Testing of Precast Concrete Connections." PCI Journal 34, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011989.84.103.

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38

Soroushian, P., R. U. D. Nassar, H. Chowdhury, and T. Ghebrab. "Testing concrete durability in sewer environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 163, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.2010.163.1.35.

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39

Aparicio, Angel C., Gonzalo Ramos, and Juan R. Casas. "Testing of externally prestressed concrete beams." Engineering Structures 24, no. 1 (January 2002): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(01)00062-1.

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40

Austin, Simon, Peter Robins, and Youguang Pan. "Shear bond testing of concrete repairs." Cement and Concrete Research 29, no. 7 (July 1999): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00088-5.

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41

Bažant, Zdeněk P. "Concrete fracture models: testing and practice." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, no. 2 (January 2002): 165–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00084-4.

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42

Washer, G., P. Fuchs, B. A. Graybeal, and J. L. Hartmann. "Ultrasonic Testing of Reactive Powder Concrete." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 2 (February 2004): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1295394.

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43

Washer, G., P. Fuchs, B. A. Graybeal, and J. L. Hartmann. "Ultrasonic testing of reactive powder concrete." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 2 (February 2004): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1320767.

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44

Ajdukiewicz, Andrzej. "Testing and Repair of Concrete Silos." Structural Engineering International 6, no. 4 (November 1996): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686696780496175.

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Jutila, Aarne, Risto Mäkipuro, and Lauri Salokangas. "Testing a Wood-Concrete Composite Bridge." Structural Engineering International 7, no. 4 (November 1997): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686697780494635.

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Sri Ravindrarajah, R. "Repair and testing of concrete structures." Cement and Concrete Composites 16, no. 2 (January 1994): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(94)90009-4.

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Austin, Simon, Peter Robins, and Youguang Pan. "Tensile bond testing of concrete repairs." Materials and Structures 28, no. 5 (June 1995): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02473259.

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Dmitrieva, Maria, Vladimir Leitsin, Anastasiia Sharanova, and Alexander Tovpinets. "Complex approach to the study of modern concrete characteristics." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825101024.

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Abstract:

The possibility of complex experimental study of the structure and properties of modern multicomponent concretes combining the influence of mechanical activation of the initial powder components of building mixtures, the rheology of concrete solutions, the structure of the concrete mixture, the distribution of various components and pores, the nature of damage and destruction at various stages of concrete strength testing is considered. The classical set of experimental methods for studying the rheological characteristics and strength of concretes at various setting stages is supplemented by studies of the concrete structure using X-ray computed tomography. The developing approach allows to solve the fundamental problems of building material science of concrete.

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Gálvez, J. C., H. L. Romero, A. Enfedaque, and M. J. Casati. "Complementary testing techniques applied to obtain the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete." Materiales de Construcción 65, no. 317 (January 29, 2015): e048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2015.01514.

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Tamboli, Prof Amena I., Shaikh Zaid A. Majeed, and Panchariya Karan Pankar Akshay Patel Bhargav Powar Vikramsinh. "Developing Pervious Concrete by Variations in Aggregate Size and Testing of Parameters." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14454.

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