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Journal articles on the topic 'TESTING FRAMEWORKS'

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Published: 16 January 2024

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1

He, Zhong Hai, Xiang Zhang, and Xiang Yin Zhu. "Design and Implementation of Automation Testing Framework Based on Keyword Driven." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2142.

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For the purpose of settling problems in the present automated testing frameworks, the paper presents an automated testing framework based on keyword driven technology. At first, it summarized and analyzed the recent automated testing frameworks; and then it proposed the framework’s system architecture, and also presented the key technology details of the framework. At last, this paper compared this paper’s framework with the recent frameworks by the IP phone, which proved that this framework had superiority in reducing the scale of test scripts, raising the overall efficiency of testing and so on.

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2

Noonan, Robert E., and Richard H. Prosl. "Unit testing frameworks." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 34, no. 1 (March 2002): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/563517.563429.

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3

Berihun, Natnael Gonfa, Cyrille Dongmo, and John Andrew Van der Van der Poll. "The Applicability of Automated Testing Frameworks for Mobile Application Testing: A Systematic Literature Review." Computers 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12050097.

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Mobile applications are developed and released to the market every day. Due to the intense usage of mobile applications, their quality matters. End users’ rejection of mobile apps increases from time to time due to their low quality and lack of proper mobile testing. This indicates that the role of mobile application testing is crucial in the acceptance of a given software product. Test engineers use automation frameworks for testing their mobile applications. Automated testing brings several advantages to the development team. For example, automated checks are used for regression testing, fast execution of test scripts, and providing quick feedback for the development team. A systematic literature review has been used to identify and collect evidence on automated testing frameworks for mobile application testing. A total of 56 relevant research papers were identified that were published in prominent journals and conferences until February 2023. The results were summarized and tabulated to provide insights into the suitability of the existing automation testing framework for mobile application testing. We identified the major test concerns and test challenges in performing mobile automation testing. The results showed that the keyword-driven testing framework is the widely used approach, but recently, hybrid approaches have been adopted for mobile test automation. On the other hand, this review indicated that the existing frameworks need to be customized using reusable and domain-specific keywords to make them suitable for mobile application testing. Considering this, this study proposes an architecture, the mobile-based automation testing framework (MATF). In the future, to address the mobile application testing challenges, the authors will work on implementing the proposed framework (MATF).

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4

Hanna, Milad, Amal Elsayed, and Mostafa-Sami M. "Automated Software Testing Frameworks: A Review." International Journal of Computer Applications 179, no. 46 (June 15, 2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018917171.

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5

Zhou, Hang, Weiren Sun, Yu Jiang, and Yi Zhu. "Polymorphism Testing Frameworks of Sequence Diagrams." Advanced Science Letters 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2012.2303.

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6

Taylor, Greg. "Credibility, Hypothesis Testing and Regression Software." ASTIN Bulletin 37, no. 2 (November 2007): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0515036100014975.

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It has been known since Zehnwirth (1977) that a scalar credibility coefficient is closely related to the F-statistic of an analysis of variance between and within risk clauses. The F-statistic may also be viewed as testing a certain regression structure, associated with credibility framework, against the null hypothesis of a simpler structure.This viewpoint is extended to multi-dimensional credibility frameworks in which the credibility coefficient is a matrix (Sections 3 and 4), and to hierarchical regression credibility frameworks (Section 6). In each case the credibility coefficient is expressed in terms of the F-statistic that tests the significance of a defined regression structure against a simpler one.Section 5 points out how the computation may be implemented in certain cases by means of regression software.

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7

Shtokal, Alla, and Jakub Smołka. "Comparative analysis of frameworks used in automated testing on example of TestNG and WebdriverIO." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 19 (June 30, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2595.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of frameworks supporting the development of automated tests for defined test scenarios. The comparative study concerned the TestNG and WebDriverIO frameworks. The overview of the tool has been analyzed both in terms of the test development process as well as the speed and efficiency of their execution. The website github.com was used for the purposes of the work. This application was used to run test scripts written in both frameworks. The results were compared by five defined criteria: the time of running the test files in different browser operation modes, the average value of memory and CPU usage during the test execution. The summary includes the evaluation of the compared frameworks.

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8

Taylor, Greg. "Credibility, Hypothesis Testing and Regression Software." ASTIN Bulletin 37, no. 02 (November 2007): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.37.2.2024078.

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It has been known since Zehnwirth (1977) that a scalar credibility coefficient is closely related to the F-statistic of an analysis of variance between and within risk clauses. The F-statistic may also be viewed as testing a certain regression structure, associated with credibility framework, against the null hypothesis of a simpler structure. This viewpoint is extended to multi-dimensional credibility frameworks in which the credibility coefficient is a matrix (Sections 3 and 4), and to hierarchical regression credibility frameworks (Section 6). In each case the credibility coefficient is expressed in terms of the F-statistic that tests the significance of a defined regression structure against a simpler one. Section 5 points out how the computation may be implemented in certain cases by means of regression software.

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9

BAHRІI, Ruslan, and Serhii PETROVSKYI. "FEATURES OF MODERN WEB APPLICATION TESTING." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 309, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-309-3-70-74.

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This paper investigates the technology and approaches to testing web applications in modern frameworks. The main techniques of manual testing, which require a large amount of manual work, are considered. The disadvantages of implementing the black-box testing method include the development of a formal specification, and the application of the white-box testing method requires analysis of software code. Particular attention is given to automated testing technologies, which are proposed to be used to develop sites in modern frameworks. The Test pyramid and test levels are described in detail, and the main advantages and disadvantages of each level are analyzed. At the first level, a set of tests consists of unit tests that verify that an individual unit is working correctly according to the requirements of the specification. At the second level of the automation pyramid – integration tests check the interaction of a fragment of code with external components. At the third level – end-to-end tests perform testing of various user scenarios, and UI tests check the correct operation of the web application interface. It is proposed to use behavioral development technology (BDD) for automated testing of web applications. BDD focuses on studying problems formulated based on customer stories and the construction of logic and tests based on these problems. BDD tests are best worked for integration testing, which involves testing different user scenarios. A dependency injection (DI) design template has been used to improve the efficiency of the web application development process, with tools built into modern frameworks. This template applies the transfer of dependencies to an external, specially designed software component. Dependence is injected using a special IoC container.

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10

Madeja, Matej, Jaroslav Porubän, Sergej Chodarev, Matúš Sulír, and Filip Gurbáľ. "Empirical Study of Test Case and Test Framework Presence in Public Projects on GitHub." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 7250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167250.

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Automated tests are often considered an indicator of project quality. In this paper, we performed a large analysis of 6.3 M public GitHub projects using Java as the primary programming language. We created an overview of tests occurrence in publicly available GitHub projects and the use of test frameworks in them. The results showed that 52% of the projects contain at least one test case. However, there is a large number of example tests that do not represent relevant production code testing. It was also found that there is only a poor correlation between the number of the word “test” in different parts of the project (e.g., file paths, file name, file content, etc.) and the number of test cases, creation date, date of the last commit, number of commits, or number of watchers. Testing framework analysis confirmed that JUnit is the most used testing framework with a 48% share. TestNG, considered the second most popular Java unit testing framework, occurred in only 3% of the projects.

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11

Gimatdinov, Damir Maratovich, Alexander Yurievich Gerasimov, Petr Alekseevich Privalov, Veronika Nikolaevna Butkevich, Natalya Andreevna Chernova, and Anna Antonovna Gorelova. "An Automated Framework for Testing Source Code Static Analysis Tools." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, no. 3 (2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(3)-3.

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Automated testing frameworks are widely used for assuring quality of modern software in secure software development lifecycle. Sometimes it is needed to assure quality of specific software and, hence specific approach should be applied. In this paper, we present an approach and implementation details of automated testing framework suitable for acceptance testing of static source code analysis tools. The presented framework is used for continuous testing of static source code analyzers for C, C++ and Python programs.

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12

Devyatovskaya, A. D., N. E. Biryuchkov, T. V. Liakh, and K. V. Chaika. "SLAM in Duckietown Simulator Using the OpenVSLAM Framework." Vestnik NSU. Series: Information Technologies 19, no. 4 (February 25, 2022): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7900-2021-19-4-36-49.

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The article is devoted to evaluating the applicability of SLAM frameworks for the task of mobile robots of the Duckietown project. The paper provides a comparative analysis of existing SLAM algorithms and frameworks and se-lects frameworks taking into account all the constraints imposed by the project robots. The practical results of testing OpenVSLAM framework on the Duckietown environment and Duckietown simulator data are presented.

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13

Pelivani, Elis, Adrian Besimi, and Betim Cico. "Customized Software Testing Framework for Web Applications." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 10, no. 01 (March 16, 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v10i01.29473.

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Software testing is gaining more attention and investments in the IT companies. We have both manual and automated approaches, considering the dynamic of the project the appropriate one is chosen. There have been presented and used several frameworks and tools for this purpose. However, the outcome is that a single tool does not cover all the testing needs of IT systems. In this paper, we will present a customized framework based in Selenium that tackle this gap within the IT systems where several modules with many cross function are involved. We will present the architecture overview and a case study

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14

Latif, Ummi Khaira, and Tien Fabrianti Kusumasari. "COMPARISON BETWEEN YII FRAMEWORKS AND LARAVEL IN 3 DIFFERENT VERSION FOR VIEWING LARGE DATA OF SHIPYARD INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 2, no. 01 (January 31, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v2i01.12.

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The objective of this paper is to compare two PHP frameworks with execution time, peak memory usage and throughput metrics. This performance comparison was done for Laravel and Yii2 frameworks using MySQL employee database [26] which freely downloaded for testing necessary. The database provided a large amount of data included million entry records. Using a large amount of record, we try to give some view to another developer for considering when choosing the PHP framework for their development. The result in this paper give Laravel has better performance in execution time and throughput measurement but not in memory usage. This result can be affected by many factors including the testing environment in when comparison process implementation. Keywords—Laravel, Yii2, PHP Framework, Performance Comparison.

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15

Piggott, Thomas, Lorenzo Moja, Carlos A. Cuello Garcia, Elie A. Akl, Rita Banzi, Benedikt Huttner, Tamara Kredo, John N. Lavis, and Holger J. Schünemann. "User-experience testing of an evidence-to-decision framework for selecting essential medicines." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): e0002723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002723.

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Essential medicine lists (EMLs) are important medicine prioritization tools used by the World Health Organization (WHO) EML and over 130 countries. The criteria used by WHO’s Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines has parallels to the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) frameworks. In this study, we explored the EtD frameworks and a visual abstract as adjunctive tools to strengthen the integrate evidence and improve the transparency of decisions of EML applications. We conducted user-experience testing interviews of key EML stakeholders using Morville’s honeycomb model. Interviews explored multifaceted dimensions (e.g., usability) on two EML applications for the 2021 WHO EML–long-acting insulin analogues for diabetes and immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer. Using a pre-determined coding framework and thematic analysis we iteratively improved both the EtD framework and the visual abstract. We coded the transcripts of 17 interviews with 13 respondents in 103 locations of the interview texts across all dimensions of the user-experience honeycomb. Respondents felt the EtD framework and visual abstract presented complementary useful and findable adjuncts to the traditional EML application. They felt this would increase transparency and efficiency in evidence assessed by EML committees. As EtD frameworks are also used in health practice guidelines, including those by the WHO, respondents articulated that the adoption of the EtD by EML applications represents a tangible mechanism to align EMLs and guidelines, decrease duplication of work and improve coordination. Improvements were made to clarify instructions for the EtD and visual abstract, and to refine the design and content included. ‘Availability’ was added as an additional criterion for EML applications to highlight this criterion in alignment with WHO EML criteria. EtD frameworks and visual abstracts present additional important tools to communicate evidence and support decision-criteria in EML applications, which have global health impact. Access to essential medicines is important for achieving universal health coverage, and the development of essential medicine lists should be as evidence-based and trustworthy as possible.

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Ansari, Mohammed Afzal, and Kiran Bhimrao Ingle. "Software Testing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43914.

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Abstract— With the developing complexity of today’s software program applications injunction with the increasing competitive pressure has driven the excellent assurance of developed software towards new heights. software program trying out is an inevitable part of the software program development Lifecycle and retaining in keeping with its criticality in the pre and submit development process makes it something that have to be catered with stronger and green methodologies and strategies. This paper objectives to speak about the prevailing in addition to advanced trying out techniques for the betterquality warranty functions. Keywords— Testing Methodologies, Software Testing Life Cycle, Testing Frameworks, Automation Testing, Test Driven Development, Test optimization, Quality Metrics

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17

Tejada, Gabriela, Marina Cracco, Clémence Ranquet Bouleau, Jean-Claude Bolay, and Silvia Hostettler. "Testing Analytical Frameworks in Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164343.

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This article discusses the concept and the practice of transdisciplinary research, including how it is conceived and implemented through the cooperation of different actors involved. With transdisciplinarity gaining recognition as an approach to addressing sustainable development challenges, the successful integration of various disciplines and actors in the process of knowledge generation becomes essential. Through the Cooperation and Development Center (CODEV), the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has promoted transdisciplinary research by proposing a space where North–South partnerships integrating academic and non-academic actors enable the expansion of appropriate technologies and innovations adapted to local societal contexts. This study examines five collaborative research projects conducted at the EPFL. By using an analytical framework consisting of design principles for ideal transdisciplinary research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with academic and non-academic members of the research projects to assess the degree of transdisciplinarity. This framework proved to be a useful tool for exploring transdisciplinary dynamics and assessing the effectiveness of joint knowledge generation. We found that the transdisciplinary cooperation involving different actors is not a linear process, as it depends on the social context in which the project is carried out and on the internal and the external organizational structure established for its implementation. We provide recommendations on how transdisciplinarity could be expanded through institutional support and its results could be effectively transferred into science and practice and discuss the implications for further studies in the conclusions.

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18

Ghani, M. Ahmad Nawaz ul, M. Shoaib Farooq, and Amjad Hussain Zahid. "Effectiveness of Agile Development Frameworks with Respect to Testing." VAWKUM Transactions on Computer Sciences 15, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtcs.v15i2.518.

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19

Springer, Lena. "Frameworks of Choice: Predictive and Genetic Testing in Asia." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 10, no. 3 (June 8, 2016): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-3624488.

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20

Marynowski, João Eugenio, Altair Olivo Santin, and Andrey Ricardo Pimentel. "Method for testing the fault tolerance of MapReduce frameworks." Computer Networks 86 (July 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.04.009.

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21

Drzazga, Krzysztof, Marcin Bobel, and Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska. "Comparative analysis of selected object-relational mapping systems for the .NET platform." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 16 (September 30, 2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2024.

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This article is devoted to the comparison of two object-relational mapping systems supported by .NET platform - Entity Framework Core and NHibernate. The research hypothesis “framework NHibernate is more efficient than Entity Framework Core in the context of DML operations” was put forward. In order to make an efficiency analysis of ORM frameworks, a desktop application was designed and implemented to enable testing and visualization of results. The NHibernate framework turned out to be much more efficient than Entity Framework Core in single tests and slightly faster in bulk tests. The stability of both frameworks was similar.

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22

Niarman, Abdurrahman, Iswandi, and Argi Kartika Candri. "Comparative Analysis of PHP Frameworks for Development of Academic Information System Using Load and Stress Testing." International Journal Software Engineering and Computer Science (IJSECS) 3, no. 3 (December 20, 2023): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/ijsecs.v3i3.1850.

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There are many programming languages available for the developers to pick when they want to make a web services project such as Java JSP, Python, ASP.Net, PHP and many others. The reason that writer chose PHP as its research topic is that PHP is still being one of the most promising languages especially for developing web services. Several PHP Frameworks are now available on the internet promising that their framework can do better than others. Some popular PHP frameworks are Laravel, Symfony, CakePHP, Yii, and CodeIgniter. Performance is the most aspect to be concerned because of the market’s demands entailing them to do so. The next concern that developer would likely need to decide is whether to go with Pure PHP or to go with PHP Framework. To answer those concerns, this research has been conducted in which a module is taken from an academic information system and will be developed into three similar and equivalent web applications by using Laravel, CodeIgniter, and Pure PHP. The author's aim in conducting this research is to obtain more in-depth information regarding the use of the pure PHP programming language and several frameworks such as CodeIgniter and Laravel. There are many statements stating that using the PHP programming language is no longer feasible, even though in reality using PHP for developing web-based applications is still the choice of many programmers based on statistics from w3tech. The results of research conducted by the author show that the PHP programming language is still very reliable in handling load and stress tests. The pure PHP programming language provides slightly better performance results than the CodeIgniter and Laravel frameworks. Hence, the use of pure PHP or frameworks can be determined from the level of needs of the application development to be created.

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23

Hirschhorn, Lisa R., Miriam Frisch, Jovial Thomas Ntawukuriryayo, Amelia VanderZanden, Kateri Donahoe, Kedest Mathewos, Felix Sayinzoga, and Agnes Binagwaho. "Development and application of a hybrid implementation research framework to understand success in reducing under-5 mortality in Rwanda." Gates Open Research 5 (March 29, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13214.1.

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Background: We describe the development and testing of a hybrid implementation research (IR) framework to understand the pathways, successes, and challenges in addressing amenable under-5 mortality (U5M) – deaths preventable through health system-delivered evidence-based interventions (EBIs) – in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We reviewed existing IR frameworks to develop a hybrid framework designed to better understand U5M reduction in LMICs from identification of leading causes of amenable U5M, to EBI choice, identification and testing of strategies, work to achieve sustainability at scale and key contextual factors. We then conducted a mixed-methods case study of Rwanda using the framework to explore its utility in understanding the steps the country took in EBI-related decision-making and implementation between 2000-2015, key contextual factors which hindered or facilitated success, and extract actionable knowledge for other countries working to reduce U5M. Results: While relevant frameworks were identified, none individually covered the scope needed to understand Rwanda’s actions and success. Building on these frameworks, we combined and adapted relevant frameworks to capture exploration, planning, implementation, contextual factors in LMICs such as Rwanda, and outcomes beyond effectiveness and coverage. Utilizing our hybrid framework in Rwanda, we studied multiple EBIs and identified a common pathway and cross-cutting strategies and contextual factors that supported the country’s success in reducing U5M through the health system EBIs. Using these findings, we identified transferable lessons for other countries working to accelerate reduction in U5M. Conclusions: We found that a hybrid framework building on and adapting existing frameworks was successful in guiding data collection and interpretation of results, emerging new insights into how and why Rwanda achieved equitable introduction and implementation of health system EBIs that contributed to the decline in U5M, and generated lessons for countries working to drop U5M.

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Hirschhorn, Lisa R., Miriam Frisch, Jovial Thomas Ntawukuriryayo, Amelia VanderZanden, Kateri Donahoe, Kedest Mathewos, Felix Sayinzoga, and Agnes Binagwaho. "Development and application of a hybrid implementation research framework to understand success in reducing under-5 mortality in Rwanda." Gates Open Research 5 (November 24, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13214.2.

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Background: We describe the development and testing of a hybrid implementation research (IR) framework to understand the pathways, successes, and challenges in addressing amenable under-5 mortality (U5M) – deaths preventable through health system-delivered evidence-based interventions (EBIs) – in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We reviewed existing IR frameworks to develop a hybrid framework designed to better understand U5M reduction in LMICs from identification of leading causes of amenable U5M, to EBI choice, identification, and testing of strategies, work to achieve sustainability at scale, and key contextual factors. We then conducted a mixed-methods case study of Rwanda using the framework to explore its utility in understanding the steps the country took in EBI-related decision-making and implementation between 2000-2015, key contextual factors which hindered or facilitated success, and to extract actionable knowledge for other countries working to reduce U5M. Results: While relevant frameworks were identified, none individually covered the scope needed to understand Rwanda’s actions and success. Building on these frameworks, we combined and adapted relevant frameworks to capture exploration, planning, implementation, contextual factors in LMICs such as Rwanda, and outcomes beyond effectiveness and coverage. Utilizing our hybrid framework in Rwanda, we studied multiple EBIs and identified a common pathway and cross-cutting strategies and contextual factors that supported the country’s success in reducing U5M through the health system EBIs. Using these findings, we identified transferable lessons for other countries working to accelerate reduction in U5M. Conclusions: We found that a hybrid framework building on and adapting existing frameworks was successful in guiding data collection and interpretation of results, emerging new insights into how and why Rwanda achieved equitable introduction and implementation of health system EBIs that contributed to the decline in U5M, and generated lessons for countries working to drop U5M.

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Hirschhorn, Lisa R., Miriam Frisch, Jovial Thomas Ntawukuriryayo, Amelia VanderZanden, Kateri Donahoe, Kedest Mathewos, Felix Sayinzoga, and Agnes Binagwaho. "Development and application of a hybrid implementation research framework to understand success in reducing under-5 mortality in Rwanda." Gates Open Research 5 (December 17, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13214.3.

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Background: We describe the development and testing of a hybrid implementation research (IR) framework to understand the pathways, successes, and challenges in addressing amenable under-5 mortality (U5M) – deaths preventable through health system-delivered evidence-based interventions (EBIs) – in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We reviewed existing IR frameworks to develop a hybrid framework designed to better understand U5M reduction in LMICs from identification of leading causes of amenable U5M, to EBI choice, identification, and testing of strategies, work to achieve sustainability at scale, and key contextual factors. We then conducted a mixed-methods case study of Rwanda using the framework to explore its utility in understanding the steps the country took in EBI-related decision-making and implementation between 2000-2015, key contextual factors which hindered or facilitated success, and to extract actionable knowledge for other countries working to reduce U5M. Results: While relevant frameworks were identified, none individually covered the scope needed to understand Rwanda’s actions and success. Building on these frameworks, we combined and adapted relevant frameworks to capture exploration, planning, implementation, contextual factors in LMICs such as Rwanda, and outcomes beyond effectiveness and coverage. Utilizing our hybrid framework in Rwanda, we studied multiple EBIs and identified a common pathway and cross-cutting strategies and contextual factors that supported the country’s success in reducing U5M through the health system EBIs. Using these findings, we identified transferable lessons for other countries working to accelerate reduction in U5M. Conclusions: We found that a hybrid framework building on and adapting existing frameworks was successful in guiding data collection and interpretation of results, emerging new insights into how and why Rwanda achieved equitable introduction and implementation of health system EBIs that contributed to the decline in U5M, and generated lessons for countries working to drop U5M.

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Liu, Changchang, Xi He, Thee Chanyaswad, Shiqiang Wang, and Prateek Mittal. "Investigating Statistical Privacy Frameworks from the Perspective of Hypothesis Testing." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2019, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2019-0045.

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Abstract Over the last decade, differential privacy (DP) has emerged as the gold standard of a rigorous and provable privacy framework. However, there are very few practical guidelines on how to apply differential privacy in practice, and a key challenge is how to set an appropriate value for the privacy parameter ɛ. In this work, we employ a statistical tool called hypothesis testing for discovering useful and interpretable guidelines for the state-of-the-art privacy-preserving frameworks. We formalize and implement hypothesis testing in terms of an adversary’s capability to infer mutually exclusive sensitive information about the input data (such as whether an individual has participated or not) from the output of the privacy-preserving mechanism. We quantify the success of the hypothesis testing using the precision- recall-relation, which provides an interpretable and natural guideline for practitioners and researchers on selecting ɛ. Our key results include a quantitative analysis of how hypothesis testing can guide the choice of the privacy parameter ɛ in an interpretable manner for a differentially private mechanism and its variants. Importantly, our findings show that an adversary’s auxiliary information - in the form of prior distribution of the database and correlation across records and time - indeed influences the proper choice of ɛ. Finally, we also show how the perspective of hypothesis testing can provide useful insights on the relationships among a broad range of privacy frameworks including differential privacy, Pufferfish privacy, Blowfish privacy, dependent differential privacy, inferential privacy, membership privacy and mutual-information based differential privacy.

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27

Voss, C. A., V. Chiesa, and P. Coughlan. "Developing and Testing Benchmarking and Self‐assessment Frameworks in Manufacturing." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579410058540.

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Srinivasan, Satish M., and Raghvinder S. Sangwan. "Web App Security: A Comparison and Categorization of Testing Frameworks." IEEE Software 34, no. 1 (January 2017): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2017.21.

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29

Uddin, Shahzad, Kelum Jayasinghe, and Shaila Ahmed. "Scandals from an island: Testing Anglo-American corporate governance frameworks." critical perspectives on international business 13, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-09-2016-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of banking scandals in relation to corporate governance (CG) failures in an emerging economy, arguing that Anglo-American ideas of CG are misplaced in traditional settings. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. Observations of annual general meetings (AGMs) and the personal working experience of one of the researchers, along with documentation, provided triangulating data on CG practices. Findings The authors have found that both of the banks studied had adopted CG practices contrary to the expectations of the Sri Lankan CG codes. Key features of CG practices that emerged from their investigations of these two scandals are ineffectual central bank regulations, familial boards of directors, ceremonial board meetings, biased auditing practices and manipulative AGMs, relying on traditional structures of accountability centred around families, kin and social networks. Research limitations/implications The authors argue, drawing on Weber (1958, 1961, 1968, 1978), that the traditionalist culture mediates the process of rationality in bank governance codes and regulatory frameworks Therefore, practices fall far short of expectations. Originality/value The paper builds on the extended critique of shareholder-centric CG models and their transferability to alien contexts. It contributes to the CG studies calling for more appreciation of the need to move beyond the conventional view of CG problems as simply down to conflicts of interests. The authors complement and advance the decoupling debate in CG studies drawing on the Weberian notion of traditionalism.

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INOUE, SHINJI, and SHIGERU YAMADA. "SOFTWARE RELIABILITY GROWTH MODELING FRAMEWORKS WITH CHANGE OF TESTING-ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 18, no. 04 (August 2011): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004299.

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We discuss software reliability measurement with change of testing-environment by developing software reliability growth models. It is known that such change influences the accuracy for the software reliability assessment based on a software reliability growth model. This paper additionally shows numerical illustrations for software reliability measurement based on our software reliability growth models by using actual data.

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Hou, Yilin, and Daniel L. Smith. "Do state balanced budget requirements matter? Testing two explanatory frameworks." Public Choice 145, no. 1-2 (October 30, 2009): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9528-6.

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Olorunyomi, Joseph F., Shu Teng Geh, Rachel A. Caruso, and Cara M. Doherty. "Metal–organic frameworks for chemical sensing devices." Materials Horizons 8, no. 9 (2021): 2387–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1mh00609f.

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An emerging trend in the application of metal–organic frameworks is to engineer mobile devices to possess chemical detecting capabilities for environmental monitoring, point-of-care testing, artificial intelligence, food security and defence.

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Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. "On the Limits of Glm for Specification Testing: A Comment on Gurmu and Trivedi." Econometric Theory 10, no. 2 (June 1994): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600008471.

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In this comment on Gurmu and Trivedi's “Variable Augmentation Specification Tests in the Linear Exponential Family,” I show how their generalized linear model (GLM) approach relates to other work in econometrics on specification testing in the linear exponential family. In addition to shedding light on the relationship between the statistics and econometrics literatures on testing in quasi-likelihood frameworks, this comparison reveals some important limitations of GLM as a general framework for devising specification tests.

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Hou (Favonia), Kuen-Bang, and Zhuyang Wang. "Logarithm and program testing." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, POPL (January 16, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498726.

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Randomized property-based testing has gained much attention recently, but most frameworks stop short at polymorphic properties. Although Bernardy et al. have developed a theory to reduce a wide range of polymorphic properties to monomorphic ones, it relies upon ad-hoc embedding-projection pairs to massage the types into a particular form. This paper skips the embedding-projection pairs and presents a mechanical monomorphization for a general class of polymorphic functions, a step towards automatic testing for polymorphic properties. The calculation of suitable types for monomorphization turns out to be logarithm .

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Wiertel, Piotr, and Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska. "Comparative analysis of UIKit and SwiftUI frameworks in iOS system." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 20 (September 30, 2021): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2662.

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The paper concerns a comparison of SwiftUI and UIKit frameworks, used in iOS application development. SwiftUI was introduced in 2019 as a successor to UIKit as a main tool for creating application views. The purpose of this article is to compare the time performance of these two frameworks. Six testing applications have been implemented for the research, 2 in each framework. The software was complementary. The defined thesis "SwiftUI is more time efficient for applications with data collection and many filled text fields" was proved.

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Wang, Baoping, Linkai Zhu, Di Sun, Wennan Wang, Shiyang Song, and Sheng Peng. "Towards an Automated Testing Framework for IoT Devices." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2493, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2493/1/012023.

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Abstract As the Internet of Things (IoT) devices become increasingly available, there is an increasing demand for automated testing. Starting from the advantages of automated testing in the IoT, this paper first examines that automated testing has significantly improved compared to traditional manual testing in terms of test efficiency, test level, cost savings, and product stability. We then explain in detail the steps and key points of implementing automatic tests. Finally, a variety of automatic client frameworks are developed based on the Python language and connected to an automated testing environment, which has achieved significant benefits in equipment stability testing and performance testing.

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Psujek, Magdalena, Aleksandra Radzik, and Grzegorz Kozieł. "Comparative analysis of solutions used in Automated Testing of Internet Applications." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 18 (March 30, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2373.

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This article is devoted to the comparison of the effectiveness of solutions used in automatic testing of web applications. In order to carry out the analysis, test scenarios were created and tests were carried out using each of the tested programming frameworks (Selenium WebDriver, Cucumber, Ranorex, Robot Framework, Cypress, Unified Functional Testing, TestComplete and Katalon Studio). The study showed that there is no single best tool that meets all the requirements. Taking into account the analyzed aspects of effectiveness, the TestComplete program was the best, however, when choosing a solution, the team's skills and project specification should be taken into account.

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Mangaroo-Pillay, Mia, and Rojanette Coetzee. "Lean frameworks: A systematic literature review (SLR) investigating methods and design elements." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3677.

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Purpose: Despite the influx of Lean frameworks in literature, there seems to be no standardised or established methods for designing them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate what design methods and design elements are utilised in creating Lean frameworks.Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to find all the available studies on Lean frameworks.Findings: This study found that the formation of the framework could be broken down into four different categories; namely: approaches or methods for designing, design elements to include, theory to investigate during the literature studies and framework testing methods for evaluating the framework.Research limitations/implications: While this research focused on Lean frameworks, it is recommended that future studies look at Lean models and roadmaps.Practical implications: The artefact created in this study, the House of Guidance, will provide future researchers with a guideline on how to go about designing a Lean framework.Originality/value: The SLR looked at pre-existing frameworks, in order to extract the categories for the development of Lean frameworks. This study presents the House of Guidance (an original artefact), to aid in the design and creation of future Lean Frameworks.

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Bashi, Nazli, Farhad Fatehi, Mahsa Mosadeghi-Nik, Marzieh S. Askari, and Mohan Karunanithi. "Digital health interventions for chronic diseases: a scoping review of evaluation frameworks." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 27, no. 1 (March 2020): e100066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100066.

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BackgroundMonitoring and evaluations of digital health (DH) solutions for the management of chronic diseases are quite heterogeneous and evidences around evaluating frameworks are inconsistent. An evidenced-based framework is needed to inform the evaluation process and rationale of such interventions. We aimed to explore the nature, extent and components of existing DH frameworks for chronic diseases.MethodsThis review was conducted based on the five steps of Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. Out of 172 studies identified from, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, 11 met our inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies developed DH frameworks for chronic diseases and published between 2010 and 2018.ResultsAccording to WHO guidelines for monitoring and evaluation of DH interventions, we identified seven Conceptual frameworks, two Results frameworks, one Logical framework and one Theory of change. The frameworks developed for providing interventions such as self-management, achieving personal goals and reducing relapse for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe mental health. A few studies reported evaluation of the frameworks using randomised clinical trials (n=3) and feasibility testing via Likert scale survey (n=2). A wide range of outcomes were reported including access to care, cost-effectiveness, behavioural outcomes, patient–provider communications, technology acceptance and user experience.ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence on the application of consistent DH frameworks. Future research should address the use of evidence-based frameworks into the research design, monitoring and evaluation process. This review explores the nature of DH frameworks for the management of chronic diseases and provides examples to guide monitoring and evaluation of interventions.

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Khankhoje, Rohit. "Effortless Test Maintenance: A Critical Review of Self-Healing Frameworks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56048.

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Abstract: As the intricacy of web applications continues to escalate, the difficulties linked with the upkeep of testing in web-based automation have grown more apparent. Conventional automation scripts frequently encounter difficulties in adjusting to frequent modifications in web components, resulting in substantial manual endeavours and diminished testing efficacy. In reaction to these challenges, self-correcting web-based automation frameworks have emerged as a promising resolution. This critical review paper offers a comprehensive examination of web-based automation frameworks that have the ability to selfheal. It provides a thorough analysis of their principles, mechanisms, and real-world applications. Through the categorization and analysis of these frameworks' essential components, this review aims to elucidate their effectiveness in addressing the continuously evolving nature of web applications.While acknowledging the advancements made possible by self-healing frameworks, this review also explores the inherent challenges and limitations they possess. It outlines potential areas for future research and highlights emerging trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which have the potential to further enhance the self-healing capabilities of these frameworks. In summary, this evaluative critique offers a valuable asset for researchers, practitioners, and organisations aiming to optimize the process of managing tests in web-based automation. Through comprehending the fundamental concepts and potential compromises of self-healing frameworks for web-based automation, testing teams can strive towards effortless test maintenance and enhanced quality of web applications

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McNamara, Tim. "Managing learning: Authority and language assessment." Language Teaching 44, no. 4 (April 19, 2011): 500–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444811000073.

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A feature of language assessment internationally is its role in the enforcement of language policies established by governments and other educational and cultural agencies. This trend has led to the near-universal adoption of curriculum and assessment frameworks, the clearest example of which is the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). What does this movement represent? What is the source of the authority of frameworks such as the CEFR, and why are they so appealing to governments? The paper argues that the determination of test constructs within policy-related frameworks leads to inflexibility, and considers the case of the testing of competence in English as a lingua franca (ELF) communication, in the context of international civil aviation communication.

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Cherevko, A. V., and S. V. Bukunov. "Analytical Terminal for Testing Trading Strategies." LETI Transactions on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science 16, no. 2 (2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-8985-2023-16-2-44-53.

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A web-application developed at the Department of Information Technologies of the Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, which makes it possible to testing trading strategies used for stock exchange transactions, is described. The application can be categorized as business software. It allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of investment decision-making by both novice and professional investors. A new approach to writing trading strategies using templates is proposed. The ability to test an arbitrary number of strategies for an arbitrary structure investment portfolio is implemented. The application is developed by Python programming language and both Django and Django REST frameworks. Quotations data used for testing are taking from open sources. Relational data base was designed and implemented for data storage. MySQL data base management system (DBMS) is used to organize interaction with the database. The Python libraries numpy and pandas are used for data processing. The client part of the application is implemented using the TypeScript language and both React and React Router frameworks. The system does not require the installation of additional software. Access to the Internet need to use the system only. The approaches and technological solutions implemented in the application can be successfully used to create similar systems for other organizations and companies involved in similar activities.

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Domański, Mateusz, Michał Dołęga, and Grzegorz Kozieł. "Performance Comparison of Unit Test Isolation Frameworks." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 23 (June 30, 2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2908.

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The goal of unit testing is to verify that individual parts of application are correct. For external dependencies mock objects should be created. This process is supported by dedicated libraries. The paper compares three unit test isolation frameworks for .NET: Moq 4.16.1, FakeItEasy 7.2.0 and NSubstitute 4.2.2. The performance research included comparison of benchmark execution times and comparison of unit test execution times in which selected methods of tested libraries were used. The results are shown on box plots. The analysis shows that Moq is optimal mocking framework.

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Turney, CSM, SM Davies, and BV Alloway. "Developing Regional Tephrochronological Frameworks for Testing Hypotheses of Synchronous Climate Change." PAGES news 12, no. 3 (December 2004): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.12.3.16.

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Duncan, I., M. Loginov, and M. Ludkovski. "Testing Alternative Regression Frameworks for Predictive Modeling of Health Care Costs." North American Actuarial Journal 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2015.1110491.

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Downing, Thomas E. "Climate impact assessment methodology: Frameworks for testing sensitivity to climatic variations." Renewable Energy 3, no. 4-5 (June 1993): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(93)90114-v.

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Dantsker, Or D., Mirco Theile, and Marco Caccamo. "A Cyber-Physical Prototyping and Testing Framework to Enable the Rapid Development of UAVs." Aerospace 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050270.

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In this work, a cyber-physical prototyping and testing framework to enable the rapid development of UAVs is conceived and demonstrated. The UAV Development Framework is an extension of the typical iterative engineering design and development process, specifically applied to the rapid development of UAVs. Unlike other development frameworks in the literature, the presented framework allows for iteration throughout the entire development process from design to construction, using a mixture of simulated and real-life testing as well as cross-aircraft development. The framework presented includes low- and high-order methods and tools that can be applied to a broad range of fixed-wing UAVs and can either be combined and executed simultaneously or be executed sequentially. As part of this work, seven novel and enhanced methods and tools were developed that apply to fixed-wing UAVs in the areas of: flight testing, measurement, modeling and emulation, and optimization. A demonstration of the framework to quickly develop an unmanned aircraft for agricultural field surveillance is presented.

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Vohra, Anupama, and Neha Bhardwaj. "Customer engagement in an e-commerce brand community." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-01-2018-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to outline a conceptual framework for customer engagement in the context of social media for emerging markets. Three competing models of customer engagement were identified and tested to arrive at the best suited model for the given contexts. The alternative conceptual frameworks involve the constructs of active participation, community trust and community commitment in relation to customer engagement. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using questionnaires sent via e-mail to respondents. Structural equation modelling was then used to arrive at the best suited model, while also empirically testing for the relationships among the constructs. Findings The study, by way of an empirical comparison of alternative conceptual frameworks, presents a customer engagement framework best suiting the social media context for emerging markets. The study also outlines active participation, community trust and community commitment to be acting as antecedents to customer engagement. Further active participation is identified as a necessary antecedent to customer engagement based on the comparative assessment of the frameworks. Research limitations/implications While there is not much consensus on the nature of customer engagement, the study offers insights to marketers in terms of managing customer engagement with their brand communities. The study identifies the role and importance of inducing active participation in a brand community context. Further, it also identifies community trust and community commitment to be occurring as antecedents to customer engagement, with commitment implying for a more pronounced role in the framework. Originality/value There is no consensus among researchers regarding the nomological network surrounding customer engagement. Further, very few of these studies have focussed on this construct in the context of emerging markets. This study thus attempts to close the above gap, by testing for alternative conceptual frameworks involving customer engagement, in the context of social media for emerging markets.

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Curyła, Katarzyna, and Karolina Habernal. "Comparative analysis of frameworks dedicated to enterprise designing." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 13 (December 30, 2019): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.1326.

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The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of frameworks for designing corporate applications. For analytic reasons the application for document circulation within a law firm was designed. The presented comparative analysis includes TOGAF framework as well as Zachman framework. The analysis was conducted on group of experts based on evaluation criteria divided on several groups. Five groups of criteria were defined: implementation, testing, time-consuming, documentation and schedule planning. As the research shows, Zachman framework presents a versatile approach towards designing corporate architecture, because it presents not only the client’s vision but also the visions of a designer and a programmer, whereas TOGAF framework focuses mainly on business approach regarding aims and strategy of an enterprise. The aforementioned research was carried out on a group on a two domain experts.

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Lewis, Rachel, Jennifer Duckworth, Donna Willis, and Joanna Yarker. "Developing a competency framework for integrated care working across healthcare, social care and allied professions." British Journal of Healthcare Management 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2023.0106.

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Background/Aims For integrated care to truly become embedded in the UK health and social care system, there is need for a shared understanding of what integrated care looks like at the local level. This study aimed to identify the competencies and behaviours required for working across the full range of health and social care services in the Bedfordshire, Luton and Milton Keynes Integrated Care System. Methods A multi-method approach was used to develop and refine the competency framework. An extensive evidence review of academic and practitioner literature was used to create the initial framework by synthesising previous frameworks. Four multi-agency focus groups were held to conduct utility testing and refine the framework. Quantitative testing was carried out using an 89-item online survey, including questions on the framework, a range of personal and work-related outcomes, and demographic characteristics. The survey was distributed to staff working across 13 different agencies within the integrated care system. Associations between variables were assessed using Spearman's Rho, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results The evidence review identified 21 relevant competency frameworks, originating from nine different countries, which were used to create the integrated care competency framework. A total of 91 staff members completed the survey, with results showing acceptable reliability and validity of the final framework (item total correlation >0.2; inter-item correlation ≤0.9). Differences were found between agencies and occupational groups in terms of their integrated care competencies. Those with shorter tenure described greater use of integrated care competencies. Those who demonstrated more integrated care competencies also saw their work as more meaningful and enjoyed greater levels of support from their peers. Conclusions This is the first UK framework of integrated care competencies to be subjected to empirical testing. Initial testing supports the validity and reliability of the framework, as well as showing the positive outcomes associated with integrated working. This framework could be developed and rolled out on a wider scale to support integrated care working.

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