Journal articles on the topic 'Testing and Rating Methodology'
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1
Avrutskaya, Svetlana, and Elizaveta Maricheva. "Testing Russian Stock Market Efficiency Using Event Studies: Impact of Credit Ratings Changes." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.15.2.2021.42-54.
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Event study is a widespread technique for testing the semi-strong form of the market efficiency hypothesis. Among traditionally studied events, changes in corporate credit ratings by rating agencies have a special importance, since rating agencies use both publicly available and insider information. Studies of developed and emerging markets point to different reactions of stock prices to rating upgrades and downgrades and identify several factors affecting the scale of this effect, including the size and liquidity of the stock market, the level of regulation of the industry, the market capitalization of the company, the status of the rating agency, and others.
On the Russian market, the impact of credit rating upgrades and downgrades on stock prices has not been investigated so far. Ongoing studies of other events affecting stock prices show that the market’s reactions are pretty much in line with those of developed markets, despite its immaturity, limited transparency, high volatility, narrowness and low liquidity, as well as the small number of significant events.
In this article, we evaluate the level of efficiency of the Russian stock market and analyse the reaction of stock prices to changes in issuer credit ratings by international rating agencies using the traditional event study methodology in a narrow event window of 31 days over the period 2016–2020 on a sample of 49 public companies. We show that credit rating upgrades do not lead to statistically significant positive abnormal returns. Visual analysis demonstrates that rating downgrades result in substantial negative abnormal returns. This effect varies for financial and non-financial companies and companies with low and high capitalization yet differs from the effects observed for developed markets; nevertheless, these abnormal returns are not statistically significant. Still, there are grounds to conclude that the Russian stock market
is not efficient in the semi-strong form and is closer in its characteristics to emerging markets, which is important information for investors, as it permits them to develop profitable trading strategies.
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Kleszcz, Klaudia, and Natalia Nehrebecka. "Financial liability stress tests: an approach based on the use of a rating migration matrix." Central European Economic Journal 7, no. 54 (September 9, 2020): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2020-0002.
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AbstractThe article addresses the issue of stress testing based on the probability of bankruptcy and a rating migration matrix. The analysis is conducted on a sample of listed companies in Poland in the years 1998–2016, and the forecasts are made for the years 2016–2018. Particular attention is paid to how the variable on which rating migration matrices are developed is defined. Stress tests are carried out on variables derived from rating migration matrices and economic indicators. The study provides information on the methodology for stress testing.
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Gmehling, Philipp, and Pierfrancesco La Mura. "A Bayesian inference model for the credit rating scale." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-04-2016-0055.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a theoretical explanation of why credit rating agencies typically disclose credit risk of issuers in classes rather than publishing the qualitative ranking those classes are based upon. Thus, its goal is to develop a better understanding of what determines the number and size of rating classes. Design/methodology/approach Investors expect ratings to be sufficiently accurate in estimating credit risk. In a theoretical model framework, it is therefore assumed that credit rating agencies, which observe credit risk with limited accuracy, are careful in not misclassifying an issuer with a lower credit quality to a higher rating class. This situation is analyzed as a Bayesian inference setting for the credit rating agencies. Findings A disclosure in intervals, typically used by credit rating agencies results from their objective of keeping misclassification errors sufficiently low in conjunction with the limited accuracy with which they observe credit risk. The number and size of the rating intervals depend in the model on how much accuracy the credit rating agencies can supply. Originality/value The paper uses Bayesian hypothesis testing to illustrate the link between limited accuracy of a credit rating agency and its disclosure of issuers’ credit risk in intervals. The findings that accuracy and the objective of avoiding misclassification determine the rating scale in this theoretical setting can lead to a better understanding of what influences the interval disclosure of major rating agencies observed in practice.
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Thompson, Geir, and Lars Glasø. "Situational leadership theory: a test from a leader-follower congruence approach." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 39, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 574–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2018-0050.
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Purpose Empirical tests of Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory (SLT) have demonstrated that the assessment of follower competence and commitment, critical contextual features dictating optimal leadership style, poses several problems in testing the validity of this theory. As well, most previous studies have used leader rating as the only information source in making these assessments. The purpose of this paper is to use the degree of agreement between leader rating and follower self-rating to determine follower competence and commitment, and consequently an optimal leadership style. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from both supervisors and employees in business organizations in Norway were analyzed to test the predictions put forward in SLT. Findings The results show that SLT principles are supported when leader rating and follower self-rating are congruent. However, no support was obtained for Blanchard’s suggestion to apply followers’ self-ratings of competence and commitment in the case of discrepant ratings of follower development level. But data do support the contention that leader assessment would be a better basis for providing followers with appropriate direction and support. Originality/value So far SLT has been a very popular but as yet under-researched theory. An important contribution of the present study is by making SLT an evidence-based theory, as opposed to just being intuitively sound. As such, the authors think SLT in an updated “convergent” version should be applied in organizations and taught in leadership development programs.
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Uejo, Craig, Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Spine Impairment Evaluation: Sixth Edition Approaches." Guides Newsletter 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2009.janfeb01.
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Abstract Evaluators who use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, should understand the significant changes that have occurred (as well as the Clarifications and Corrections) in impairment ratings for disorders of the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis. The new methodology is an expansion of the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method used in the fifth edition, but the criteria for defining impairment are revised, and the impairment value within a class is refined by information related to functional status, physical examination findings, and the results of clinical testing. Because current medical evidence does not support range-of-motion (ROM) measurements of the spine as a reliable indicator of specific pathology or permanent functional status, ROM is no longer used as a basis for defining impairment. The DRE method should standardize and simplify the rating process, improve validity, and provide a more uniform methodology. Table 1 shows examples of spinal injury impairment rating (according to region of the spine and category, with comments about the diagnosis and the resulting class assignment); Table 2 shows examples of spine impairment by region of the spine, class, diagnosis, and associated whole person impairment ratings form the sixth and fifth editions of the AMA Guides.
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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Ghulam Mujtaba Chaudhary, and Khalid Latif. "How Consumer Confidence, Corruption and Credit Rating Effect the Exchange Rate: Emerging Market Perspective." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (June 13, 2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i2.1109.
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The paper empirically examines whether the international rating influences the rate of exchange of an economy in the long run? The paper employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing methodology on the exchange rate of China and contemporary international rating, using time series data from 1996Q1 to 2016Q4. The empirical analysis confirms the presence of a cointegration relationship between country rating and the exchange rate. To be more specific; corruption index, credit rating, and inflation are significantly and negatively cointegrated with the exchange rate of China. Conversely, consumer confidence is uncorrelated with the exchange rate over the long run. The paper focuses only on the exchange rate of CNY-USD; this may limit the generalizability of results for exchange rate with other nations. Nevertheless, the results add to the exchange rate determinants literature by including country-rating indicators in the analysis. Prior literature documents that there is some relationship between inflation and exchange rate. This research is novel in the application of robust ARDL and bounds testing to examine the long and short-run association of country rating of China with its exchange rate, after controlling for inflation.
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Morales-Espejel, Guillermo E., and Antonio Gabelli. "Rolling bearing performance rating parameters: Review and engineering assessment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 15 (March 24, 2020): 3064–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220911395.
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The choice of a rolling bearing for a particular application relies on performance rating parameters as the static, the dynamic, and the fatigue limit load of bearings. The values of these parameters define the calculated performance of the bearing. Endurance testing of high-quality rolling bearings has been used for the development of rolling bearing performance standards like the ISO 281 and ISO 76 that are commonly used throughout the industry. However, standard test methods for the measurement and validation of load ratings of rolling bearings are not available in the standards. This leads to the undifferentiated use of the “status of the art” standardized performance to the very large variety of rolling bearing types and qualities that are produced today. The current paper revisits the origin, definition, and development of rolling bearing performance parameters. A numerical study for the determination process of bearing load ratings is carried out. The results are compared with standardized values and values quoted by bearing manufacturers. This provides an overview of the load rating practices that are in use. The limitations and possible improvements of the present methodology are discussed.
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Broers, Madison A., and Donald A. Bender. "Span Rating of Solid-Sawn Deck Boards." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00084.
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Abstract Deck boards are key components in outdoor decks and balconies. The deck board market is shared primarily between solid-sawn and composite products. The focus of this article is solid-sawn wood deck boards, which are manufactured in North America as span-rated products following a policy promulgated by the American Lumber Standard Committee (ALSC). The latest revision of the ALSC span rating policy was approved in November 2020, and this article describes the technical basis for the changes. Distributed and concentrated design loads specified in the policy exceed building code minimum requirements. In addition, dynamic load amplification due to deck occupants is included in the new policy. Testing was performed to characterize the effects of partial fixity at joist supports caused by screw fasteners and was incorporated into the span rating methodology.
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Berezina, Olena, Iryna Honcharenko, Lesya Berezhna, and Valentina Kunchenko-Kharchenko. "Stress-testing as a method of macroprudential policy and information security in banking sector." SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196506004.
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The article contains an overview of the essence, history, components, scenarios, methodology and results of stress testing of the Ukrainian banking system. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze existing approaches to stress testing as a method of macro-prudential policy of the Central Bank, to determine the results of quantitative risk assessment and financial stability of banks and their readiness to have sufficient capital to cover losses in various macroeconomic scenarios, as well as to develop a model of integrated assessment and rating of banks based on the results of stress testing. In order to summarize the results of the study, a model of integrated assessment was developed and a rating of banks was built based on the analysis of their financial stability, capital adequacy and readiness to withstand the crisis. To solve the problem of qualitative analysis of the stress-testing results in terms of a significant number of indicators and calculations a simulation of the integral indicator is proposed which helps information users group the data, obtain a generalized assessment and form a rating of banks according to the financial stability reserve.
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Berra, Kishen, Charles Nguyen, and Peter Bota. "Comparison of self-rating of cognition and depression in patients with major depressive disorder." Mental Illness 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mij-02-2020-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discover if there is a correlation between scores on the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) scores of 43 patients with major depression. Design/methodology/approach In total, 43 adult patients with major depression were evaluated during their regularly scheduled outpatient appointment in a mental health clinic. Findings There was an R2 value of 0.6544 between the patients’ scores, a moderate-to-strong correlation which matches other observations that cognitive impairment increases in conjunction with severity of depression. This correlation lends further clinical support to the legitimacy of using the CPFQ as a simpler alternative to traditional neuropsychological testing, with further testing of the correlation between CPFQ and traditional neuropsychological testing results being a worthwhile potential field of study. Originality/value Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity in patients with depression, but while there is a brief and effective self- assessment for depression, the BDI, in common use, there is no equivalent test for cognitive dysfunction, and physicians are forced to rely on less accessible methods of neuropsychological testing.
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Schroeder, Amber N., Kaleena R. Odd, and Julia H. Whitaker. "Agree to disagree: Examining the psychometrics of cybervetting." Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-09-2018-0420.
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PurposeDue to the paucity of research on web-based job applicant screening (i.e. cybervetting), the purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of cybervetting, including an examination of the impact of adding structure to the rating process.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed-factorial design, 122 supervisors conducted cybervetting evaluations of applicant personality, cognitive ability, written communication skills, professionalism, and overall suitability. Cross-method agreement (i.e. the degree of similarity between cybervetting ratings and other assessment methods), as well as interrater reliability and agreement were examined, and unstructured versus structured cybervetting rating formats were compared.FindingsCybervetting assessments demonstrated high interrater reliability and interrater agreement, but only limited evidence of cross-method agreement was provided. In addition, adding structure to the cybervetting process did not enhance the psychometric properties of this assessment technique.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted that whereas cybervetting raters demonstrated a high degree of consensus in cybervetting-based attributions, there may be concerns regarding assessment accuracy, as cybervetting-based ratings generally differed from applicant test scores and self-assessment ratings. Thus, employers should use caution when utilizing this pre-employment screening technique.Originality/valueWhereas previous research has suggested that cybervetting ratings demonstrate convergence with other traditional assessments (albeit with relatively small effects), these correlational links do not provide information regarding cross-method agreement or method interchangeability. Thus, this study bridges a crucial gap in the literature by examining cross-method agreement for a variety of job-relevant constructs, as well as empirically testing the impact of adding structure to the cybervetting rating process.
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Aktan, Bora, Şaban Çelik, Yomna Abdulla, and Naser Alshakhoori. "The impact of credit ratings on capital structure." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-03-2018-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effect of real credit ratings change on capital structure decisions. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three models to examine the impact of credit rating on capital structure decisions within the framework of credit rating-capital structure hypotheses (broad rating, notch rating and investment or speculative grade). These hypotheses are tested by multiple linear regression models. Findings The results demonstrate that firms issue less net debt relative to equity post a change in the broad credit ratings level (e.g. a change from A- to BBB+). The findings also show that firms are less concerned by notch ratings change as long the firms remain the same broad credit rating level. Moreover, the paper indicates that firms issue less net debt relative to equity after an upgrade to investment grade. Research limitations/implications The study covers the periods of 2009 to 2016; therefore, the research result may be affected by the period specific events such as the European debt crisis. Moreover, studying listed non-financial firms only in the Tadawul Stock Exchange has resulted in small sample which may not be adequate enough to reach concrete generalization. Despite the close proximity between the GCC countries, there could be jurisdictional difference due to country specific regulations, policies or financial development. Therefore, it will be interesting to conduct a cross country study on the GCC to see if the conclusions can be generalized to the region. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by testing previous researches on new context (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA) which lack sophisticated comparable studies to the one conducted on other regions of the world. The results highlight the importance of credit ratings for the decision makers who are required to make essential decisions in areas such as financing, structuring or operating firms and regulating markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that has been applied on the GCC region.
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Lyon, Aaron R., Kelly Koerner, and Julie Chung. "Usability Evaluation for Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions (USE-EBPI): A methodology for assessing complex intervention implementability." Implementation Research and Practice 1 (January 2020): 263348952093292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633489520932924.
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Background: Most evidence-based practices in mental health are complex psychosocial interventions, but little research has focused on assessing and addressing the characteristics of these interventions, such as design quality and packaging, that serve as intra-intervention determinants (i.e., barriers and facilitators) of implementation outcomes. Usability—the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction—is a key indicator of design quality. Drawing from the field of human-centered design, this article presents a novel methodology for evaluating the usability of complex psychosocial interventions and describes an example “use case” application to an exposure protocol for the treatment of anxiety disorders with one user group. Method: The Usability Evaluation for Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions (USE-EBPI) methodology comprises four steps: (1) identify users for testing; (2) define and prioritize EBPI components (i.e., tasks and packaging); (3) plan and conduct the evaluation; and (4) organize and prioritize usability issues. In the example, clinicians were selected for testing from among the identified user groups of the exposure protocol (e.g., clients, system administrators). Clinicians with differing levels of experience with exposure therapies (novice, n =3; intermediate, n = 4; advanced, n = 3) were sampled. Usability evaluation included Intervention Usability Scale (IUS) ratings and individual user testing sessions with clinicians, and heuristic evaluations conducted by design experts. After testing, discrete usability issues were organized within the User Action Framework (UAF) and prioritized via independent ratings (1–3 scale) by members of the research team. Results: Average IUS ratings (80.5; SD = 9.56 on a 100-point scale) indicated good usability and also room for improvement. Ratings for novice and intermediate participants were comparable (77.5), with higher ratings for advanced users (87.5). Heuristic evaluations suggested similar usability (mean overall rating = 7.33; SD = 0.58 on a 10-point scale). Testing with individual users revealed 13 distinct usability issues, which reflected all four phases of the UAF and a range of priority levels. Conclusion: Findings from the current study suggested the USE-EBPI is useful for evaluating the usability of complex psychosocial interventions and informing subsequent intervention redesign (in the context of broader development frameworks) to enhance implementation. Future research goals are discussed, which include applying USE-EBPI with a broader range of interventions and user groups (e.g., clients). Plain language abstract: Characteristics of evidence-based psychosocial interventions (EBPIs) that impact the extent to which they can be implemented in real world mental health service settings have received far less attention than the characteristics of individuals (e.g., clinicians) or settings (e.g., community mental health centers), where EBPI implementation occurs. No methods exist to evaluate the usability of EBPIs, which can be a critical barrier or facilitator of implementation success. The current article describes a new method, the Usability Evaluation for Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions (USE-EBPI), which uses techniques drawn from the field of human-centered design to evaluate EBPI usability. An example application to an intervention protocol for anxiety problems among adults is included to illustrate the value of the new approach.
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Thompson, Geir, and Lars Glasø. "Situational leadership theory: a test from three perspectives." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-10-2013-0130.
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Purpose – Ambiguity surrounding “follower competence and commitment” of Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory (SLT) has rendered validation difficult. The purpose of this paper is to address this difficulty by presenting different perspectives for determining follower development level and applies these perspectives for testing the validity of SLT. Design/methodology/approach – The study population was drawn from 80 supervisors and 357 followers. Financial organizations were chosen because much of the existing research on SLT has so far focussed on service-oriented organizations in education, healthcare, and armed services. Findings – Measuring the degree of agreement between leader rating of follower competence and commitment and follower self-rating was found to be a core issue for determining follower competence and commitment. SLT predictions are more likely to hold when leader rating and follower self-rating are congruent, rather than using leader rating alone, which has been applied in previous studies. Practical implications – Both leader and follower need to diagnose follower competence and commitment, first individually and then together, to discuss similarities and differences and attempt to agree upon the determination of follower competence and commitment. If the rating is based on some mutual agreement, then it is assumed in accordance with SLT that the leader can provide the follower with an appropriate amount of direction and support. Originality/value – The findings in the present study are of great importance for future research on SLT. It may change the approach for testing the validity of the theory. A leader-follower congruence approach will, in the authors view, constitute the future research avenue for research on SLT.
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Rasmana, S. T., D. Adiputra, W. J. Yahya, M. A. Abdul Rahman, A. Dwijotomo, M. H. Mohammed Ariff, and N. Abu Husain. "A Systematic Review on the Autonomous Emergency Steering Assessments and Tests Methodology in ASEAN." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.163.
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Safety should be the top priority for any automaker - because traffic accidents roughly killed 1.4 million people worldwide, ranking tenth on the World Health Organization's list of leading causes of death. Two decades ago, the focus was on passive safety, where it helps vehicle occupants to survive the crash. However, the frontier in safety innovation has moved beyond airbags and side-impact protection. Today, the frontier is active safety for preventing collisions before they occur. In Euro NCAP 2025 Roadmap, this active safety frontier falls under the primary safety and has become one of the overall safety rating initiatives toward safer cars. The primary safety features four technologies to be assessed, including driver monitoring (2020), automatic emergency steering (2020, 2022), autonomous emergency braking (2020, 2022), and V2x (2024). However, this initiative is partially encapsulated in the ASEAN NCAP Roadmap 2021-2025 under – 'Safety Assist' technological feature. For instance, in the new roadmap, ASEAN NCAP only focuses on Auto Emergency Braking (AEB) technology. This AEB is a feature to alert drivers to an imminent crash and help them use the car's maximum capacity. Therefore, as benchmarked to the EURO NCAP, this paper comprehensively reviews the AES demand, assessments, control, and testing methodology and can be further developed to consolidate for the ASEAN NCAP safety rating schemes.
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Hartnett, Nicole, Luke Greenacre, Rachel Kennedy, and Byron Sharp. "Extending validity testing of the Persuasion Principles Index." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 9 (July 6, 2020): 2245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2018-0865.
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Purpose This study aims to independently test the predictive validity of the Persuasion Principles Index (PPI) for video advertisements for low-involvement products with a measure of in-market sales effectiveness. This study follows the inaugural test conducted by Armstrong et al. (2016) for print advertisements for high-involvement utilitarian products with a measure of advertising recall. Design/methodology/approach The method was in line with that developed by Armstrong et al. (2016) for rating advertisements and assessing the reliability of ratings. Consensus PPI scores were calculated for a data set of 242 matched pairs of television advertisements. For each pair, the authors determined whether the advertisement that better adhered to the persuasion principles performed better in-market. Findings Consensus PPI scores predicted the more sales effective television advertisement for 55% (confidence interval (CI) = 49%, 61%) of the 242 pairs. This result is no better than chance and much weaker than the result from the initial validation study, which found that the consensus PPI scores predicted the more recalled print advertisement for 74.5% (CI = 66%, 83%) of 96 pairs. Research limitations/implications This study replicated the application of the PPI as per Armstrong’s guidelines and extended validity testing to a different set of advertising conditions. Findings indicate that better adherence to the persuasion principles produces only a weak, positive effect for predicting the performance of television advertisements for low-involvement products. A research agenda that flows from the results is discussed. Practical implications The authors suggest that the PPI in its present form is best used to predict advertising performance under conditions as per the inaugural validation test (Armstrong et al., 2016). Originality/value Advertisers will require compelling evidence of the PPI’s predictive accuracy to adopt the tool for pre-testing advertising. This study is the first independent test of the predictive validity of the PPI and its generalisability across advertising conditions. Another contribution of this study is the assessment of Armstrong’s advice to remove unreliable ratings. The authors show that this procedure, surprisingly, does not improve the predictive accuracy of the PPI.
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Saraf, Vijay K., and Andrzej S. Nowak. "Field Evaluation of Steel Girder Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1594, no. 1 (January 1997): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1594-15.
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The objective of the study was to verify the load-carrying capacity of an existing steel girder bridge. The selected structure was a 70-year-old deteriorated bridge in Michigan. The load-carrying capacity of the bridge was in question because of extensive corrosion of the steel girders. An initial rating indicated that the bridge had a marginal operating rating factor for 11-axle two-unit trucks, which are the heaviest vehicles allowed in Michigan. To avoid the load limit posting, it was decided that investigators would verify by nondestructive testing whether the bridge is safe to carry normal truck traffic. The test procedures used on the selected bridge included tests for obtaining stress histogram measurements and weigh-in-motion measurements and a proof load test. The methodology and the results are described.
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Seďa, Petr, Juan Antonio Jimber del Río, and María De los Baños García-Moreno García. "Empirical Testing of the Response of Czech Stock Market to Downgrades of Greek Credit Rating in the Light of the Efficient Market Hypothesis." Financial Assets and Investing 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2018-1-4.
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Empirical testing of the linkages between macroeconomic news and asset price movements in terms of response to released macroeconomic information have been a subject of many investigations using different testing methods. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of announcements of Greek credit rating downgrades on the prices of the most liquid assets quoted in the Czech stock market. This issue is tightly related to semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis, which is one of possible analytical approaches when analyzing behaviour of assets in financial markets. The reaction of the Czech stock market is assessed in relation to seven announcements of Moody´s rating agency regarding changes of credit rating of Greek government bonds in the period 2009–2012. For the purpose of this paper, the event study methodology is applied. The basic idea of this statistical method is to determine values of abnormal returns, which can be defined as a difference between actual and equilibrium returns. In order to calculate equilibrium returns, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used. The differences between actual and equilibrium returns are then verified with a help of selected nonparametric statistical tests. Namely, the exact sign test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test are utilized. Based on results of nonparametric statistical tests, the null hypothesis of information efficiency of the Czech stock market is conclusively rejected.
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Iqbal, Zafar, Nigel P. Grigg, K. Govinderaju, and Nicola Campbell-Allen. "Statistical comparison of final weight scores in quality function deployment (QFD) studies." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-06-2013-0092.
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Purpose – Quality function deployment (QFD) is a methodology to translate the “voice of the customer” into engineering/technical specifications (HOWs) to be followed in designing of products or services. For the method to be effective, QFD practitioners need to be able to accurately differentiate between the final weights (FWs) that have been assigned to HOWs in the house of quality matrix. The paper aims to introduce a statistical testing procedure to determine whether the FWs of HOWs are significantly different and investigate the robustness of different rating scales used in QFD practice in contributing to these differences. Design/methodology/approach – Using a range of published QFD examples, the paper uses a parametric bootstrap testing procedure to test the significance of the differences between the FWs by generating simulated random samples based on a theoretical probability model. The paper then determines the significance or otherwise of the differences between: the two most extreme FWs and all pairs of FWs. Finally, the paper checks the robustness of different attribute rating scales (linear vs non-linear) in the context of these testing procedures. Findings – The paper demonstrates that not all of the differences that exist between the FWs of HOW attributes are in fact significant. In the absence of such a procedure, there is no reliable analytical basis for QFD practitioners to determine whether FWs are significantly different, and they may wrongly prioritise one engineering attribute over another. Originality/value – This is the first article to test the significance of the differences between FWs of HOWs and to determine the robustness of different strength of scales used in relationship matrix.
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Ulucan, Aydin, and Kazim Baris Atici. "A MULTIPLE CRITERIA SORTING METHODOLOGY WITH MULTIPLE CLASSIFI CATION CRITERIA AND AN APPLICATION TO COUNTRY RISK EVALUATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2013): 93–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.763070.
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In this paper, we propose an extension of the standard UTADIS methodology, an approach that originates from multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) for sorting problems, such that it can handle more than one classification criteria simultaneously which possibly involves different predefined classes for alternatives. Moreover, we test the classification ability of the standard UTADIS methodology using the out-of-classification criterion approach, a new variant of the studies comprising out-of-time and out-of-sample testing methodologies. Results obtained in out-of-classification criterion testing are then compared with the classification ability of the Multiple Classification Criteria UTADIS (MCC UTADIS). Finally, an application to country risk evaluation is performed. In this application, classifications of two credit rating agencies, Standard & Poor's and Moody's, are taken as two different classification criteria. Moreover, robustness of MCC UTADIS method is tested through using several data sets. Results indicate that MCC UTADIS involving more than one classification criteria performs very close to standard UTADIS with single classification criterion and performs better than the out-of-classification criterion tests. These results emphasize both the sensitivity of UTADIS models to the classification criteria and the importance of using a multiple classification criteria approach.
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Befort, Kendra, David Baltaxe, Camila Proffitt, and David Durbin. "Artificial Swarm Intelligence Technology Enables Better Subjective Rating Judgment in Pilots Compared to Traditional Data Collection Methods." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 2033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621459.
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Ratings provided by Pilots on workload scales and usability surveys can be biased by subjective differences in perception, experience, skill, emotional state, motivation, and estimation of risk/cost that may be associated with performing a task. Personality dynamics can further compound polarization of issues during pilot debriefings. What if these unwanted effects could be filtered out of pilot data collection and we could cost-effectively access a higher-order, collective ‘pilot brain’ made up of a combined pilot intellect, intuition, and experience to provide more accurate insight into workload and usability? Swarm AI technology was used in a high fidelity pilot simulation event and compared against a traditional methodology for collecting workload and usability survey data. Pilot and Subject Matter Expert workload and usability survey ratings were collected during the event and compared to a post-event pilot swarm. The results of the study showed pilots engaging in collective intelligence were found to be more effective at rating workload, and also more aligned with Subject Matter Expert workload ratings. This initial workload testing suggests that Swarm AI technology and techniques have great potential for usability research by activating the collective intelligence of groups, which can exceed that of the individual performing alone. The usability survey sample was limited, therefore further study is recommended to validate the generalizability of this technology to Likert Scale data.
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SUKHOVA, Alena Yu. "Assessing the quality of budget risk management of the subjects of the Russian Federation." Finance and Credit 27, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): 2521–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.11.2521.
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Subject. The article explores indicators for budget risk management in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The aim is to develop a system of indicators to assess the quality of budget risk management, to create a methodology for quality management assessment and test it on the case of 85 subjects, to build a rating for the quality of budget risk management in 2020. Methods. The study rests on creating a model for assessing the quality of budget risk management on the basis of 18 mathematical and statistical criteria and their testing on budget data from 85 federal subjects for 2020, and the deductive approach. Results. I formulated and justified indicators of analysis that demonstrate the level of readiness of the budget of Russian subjects to accept budget risks. The proposed indicators are logically structured into groups and detailed by data source for evaluation. The system of indicators is incorporated into the existing methodology created by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The results of the analysis are presented as a rating of subjects of the Russian Federation based on the aggregate assessment of the quality of budget risk management. Conclusions. The offered methodology may serve as a supplement to the methodology for assessing the quality of regional finance management created by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. It may also help evaluate decisions on proactive risk management and mitigation of consequences of risk events in regional budget utilization.
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Aguwa, Celestine C., Leslie Monplaisir, and Prasanth A. Sylajakumari. "Effect of Rating Modification on a Fuzzy-Based Modular Architecture for Medical Device Design and Development." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106354.
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The goal of this research is to determine the effect of customer ratings on the optimal number of modules for medical device design. Medical devices have a 90% failure rate in their first prototype tests according to the international testing body, Intertek. To address this key issue of quality, we present an integrated, collaborative, modular architecture method for medical device design and development. A typical glucometer is used as proof of concept to demonstrate the methodology and analyze the impact of changing the customer ratings on the optimal number of modules and minimum deviation. The implication of this research is to generate scholarly work and to reduce the number of potential failure points in medical devices by determining the optimal number of modules.
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Koksharova, M. V., S. V. Morozova, and O. G. Belchikova. "The use of modular-rating technology of teaching mathematics to students of Altai State Agricultural University." Professional education in the modern world 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-2-12.
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Introduction. New requirements are put forward for the organization of educational process, and improving the quality of training of graduates. Purpose setting. Therefore, teachers are faced with the need to apply modular-rating training technology which instantly reacts to changes in the situation in the labor market and can adjust the specialist model. It is democratic in its principles, content, and organization of the educational process. Modular-rating technology provides individualization of educational programs and the ways of their assimilation depending on the abilities and interests of students. Methodology of the study. The authors carried out modular structuring of the “Mathematics” course; methodological support (tests, individual tasks, etc.) of the modular-rating program was developed. A special role in the technology of modular-rating education is assigned to control over the knowledge of students, the authors used current, midterm and fi control. The quality of knowledge and skills of students in mastering the module was determined by various control methods: oral and written survey, control work, individual task, calculate and graphic work, etc. In addition, a testing method was used. To assess the effectiveness of student educational activities, a rating is used which is determined by points set in a selected unifi scale with a clear gradation of the level of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities. The rating is formed during the entire period of the student training. Results. In modern conditions, higher education is faced with the tasks of forming a specialist with stable incentives for further professional self-improvement, activation and development of student cognitive abilities, differentiation of training content and individualization of pedagogical infl in accordance with the level of student training. Conclusion. The authors conclude that one of the effective ways to solve these problems is to train students according to the modular-rating system.
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Sathujoda, Prabhakar, Paul Arnell, and Andrew Deans. "Mechanical integrity of gas turbine enclosure doors under fire test conditions for A0 fire rating." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-12-2017-0045.
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PurposeAs fire doors are passive fire protection parts, the doors have to be certified through standard fire tests. It is usual practice to perform the standard fire testing on the components which require the fire certification. However, some gas turbine enclosure doors are too large to test at the test facility and hence the fire resistance test is practically not possible. The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable finite element model, validate the model using the specimen door test results and extend the method to actual gas turbine enclosure doors to support the fire certification.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the standard fire testing on enclosure door test specimen was carried out. Second, the finite element analysis model was built and tuned to match the standard fire test deflections, and finally, the same modelling technique was extended to model the actual gas turbine enclosure door to verify the results for fire certification process.FindingsGap analysis, a method of post processing is suggested for result analysis. It was found suitable to verify the gap openings which are required for A0 rated fire certification according to fire test procedure code and also to check the mechanical integrity of the enclosure door frame assembly.Originality/valueThe method presented in this work could be used as support information along with the test specimen results for A0 class fire rating certification of the doors according to International Maritime Organization Resolution MSC.307 (88) Annexure 1: Part 3.
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Somsueb, Aimchit, Phrakru Sutheejariyawatana, and Paisan Suwannoi. "Indicators of Innovative Leadership for Secondary School Principals: Developing and Testing the Structural Relationship Model." International Education Studies 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n2p11.
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The objectives of this research were to test the fitness of the model that developed from theory and research with empirical data and to verify the factor loading value of major components, sub-components, and indicators by using descriptive research methodology. Determine the sample size in proportion between sample unit and numbers of parameter 20:1 and selected 1,020 samples from 2,359 secondary school principals under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Basic Education Commission of Thailand by using proportional random sampling. Collecting data by using a set of rating scale questionnaires with reliability 0.97. Data were analyzed by using AMOS Program. The research was based on the provided research hypotheses including Visionary Measurement Model (VIS), Collaborative Measurement Model (COL), Risk-taking Measurement Model (RISK), Oriented Change Measurement Model (OCH) and Innovative Leadership Model were fit with empirical data. The main components, sub-components, and indicators were in accordance with the criteria.
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Lohmander, A., E. Willadsen, C. Persson, G. Henningsson, M. Bowden, and B. Hutters. "Methodology for Speech Assessment in the Scandcleft Project—An International Randomized Clinical Trial on Palatal Surgery: Experiences from a Pilot Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 4 (July 2009): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-039.1.
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Objective: To present the methodology for speech assessment in the Scandcleft project and discuss issues from a pilot study. Design: Description of methodology and blinded test for speech assessment. Speech samples and instructions for data collection and analysis for comparisons of speech outcomes across five included languages were developed and tested. Participants and Materials: Randomly selected video recordings of 10 5-year-old children from each language (n = 50) were included in the project. Speech material consisted of test consonants in single words, connected speech, and syllable chains with nasal consonants. Five experienced speech and language pathologists participated as observers. Main Outcome Measures: Narrow phonetic transcription of test consonants translated into cleft speech characteristics, ordinal scale rating of resonance, and perceived velopharyngeal closure (VPC). A velopharyngeal composite score (VPC-sum) was extrapolated from raw data. Intra-agreement comparisons were performed. Results: Range for intra-agreement for consonant analysis was 53% to 89%, for hypernasality on high vowels in single words the range was 20% to 80%, and the agreement between the VPC-sum and the overall rating of VPC was 78%. Conclusions: Pooling data of speakers of different languages in the same trial and comparing speech outcome across trials seems possible if the assessment of speech concerns consonants and is confined to speech units that are phonetically similar across languages. Agreed conventions and rules are important. A composite variable for perceptual assessment of velopharyngeal function during speech seems usable; whereas, the method for hypernasality evaluation requires further testing.
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Rawlings, Mary A., and Barbara J. Johnson. "Reliability and Validity of OSCE for Assessment of BSW Competency: Lessons Learned." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.24.1.229.
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Objective structured clinical exams (OSCE) provide opportunity for holistic assessment of social work competency. Using OSCE methodology, the reliability and validity of the OSCE for Social Work: Practice Performance Rating Scale is examined for use in assessing BSW foundation-level direct practice competency using five separate cohorts of BSW students under varying conditions. Findings support good internal consistency. Interrater reliability and concurrent validity are partially supported. The use of OSCE with BSW students is promising when well designed and implemented. OSCE offers a measure in a simulated setting that is direct and multidimensional for evaluation of student competency and assessment of program outcomes. Recommendations for implementation based on lessons learned through multiple testing iterations are provided.
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Thomas, Erica Lynn, Anna Puig Ribera, Anna Senye-Mir, Sheila Greenfield, and Frank Eves. "Testing messages to promote stair climbing at work." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 8, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-07-2014-0026.
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Purpose – Worksites have been targeted as an important setting for physical activity interventions. A recent emphasis for health promoters is the use of point-of-choice interventions to encourage stair climbing at work. The purpose of this paper is to explore three point-of-choice campaigns to increase stair climbing at work. Design/methodology/approach – Ten focus groups and a rating task were conducted with 59 employees from a University and a University Hospital in the UK. Focus groups were structured around three messages and four prompts and sought to explore the motivational power of the resources, identify factors contributing to their effectiveness and provide recommendations to improve and optimize content. Benefits and barriers to stair climbing at work were also explored. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed and coded to identify key themes. Findings – Intra-personal factors health, motivation, social norms and time management influence stair climbing at work. Critically, extra-personal factors associated with the worksite itself can also bias a traveler’s choice independently of any intervention. Results suggest that messages targeting heart health have the greatest impact on reported propensity to climb the stairs at work. Messages targeting rate of respiration for fitness, however, may have a negative effect given that most people want to avoid getting out of breath at work. Originality/value – Qualitative research is essential for developing and refining the design detail of point-of-choice interventions and tailoring their components to address individuals’ needs in different settings but there is little evidence of this in practice.
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Guo, Xiaofang, Hui Shi, Chenglong Wei, and Xiao Dong Chen. "Research on thermal property and temperature rating prediction of Mongolian robe ensembles." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2017-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the unique thermal property of Mongolian clothing from the current western clothing and explain their environmental adaptation to the climate of Mongolian plateau in China. Design/methodology/approach Thermal insulation and the temperature rating (TR) of eight Mongolian robe ensembles and two western clothing ensembles were investigated by manikin testing and wearing trials, respectively. The clothing area factor (fcl) of these Mongolian clothing was measured by photographic method and estimated equation from ISO 15831. Finally, the TR prediction model for Mongolian clothing was built and compared with current models for western clothing in ISO 7730 and for Tibetan clothing in previous article. Findings The results demonstrated that the total thermal insulation of Mongolian robe ensembles was much bigger than that of western clothing ensembles and ranged from 1.81clo to 3.11clo during the whole year. The fcl of the Mongolian clothing should be determined by photographic method because the differences between these two methods were much bigger from 0.6 to 13.9 percent; the TR prediction model for Mongolian robe ensembles is TR=25.57−7.13Icl, which revealed that the environmental adaptation of Mongolian clothing was much better than that of western clothing and similar to that of Tibetan clothing. Originality/value The research findings give a detailed information about the thermal property of China Mongolian clothing, and explain the environmental adaptation of Mongolian clothing to the cold and changing climate.
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Prorokowski, Lukasz. "Revised standardised approach for credit risk in practice." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 26, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-10-2016-0093.
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Purpose Focusing on delivering practical implications, the purpose of this paper is to show optimal ways of calculating risk weights for public sector entities (PSEs) under the standardised approach in credit risk. Focusing on the changing regulatory background, this paper aims to explain the proposed revisions to the standardised approach for credit risk. Where necessary, upon the review of the forthcoming standards, this paper attempts to indicate room for improvement for policymakers and flag areas of potential ambiguity for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses and analyses the revised standards for the standardised approach in credit risk with respect to the treatment of PSEs. This paper, analysing the current regulatory proposals, tests the hypothesis stating that the affected banks may experience higher or lower capital charges for credit risk depending on the following factors: Choosing the optimal risk weight calculation methodology; and choosing the optimal composition of the credit risk portfolio. Findings The paper advises on using sovereign ratings as a base of risk weight calculations and categorising eligible entities as sovereign exposures. Individual entity ratings are not readily available and the majority of PSEs remain unrated by the external agencies. The simplistic approach of using sovereign ratings results in a lower risk weighted capital than the approach of using individual entity ratings. The sovereign rating approach decreases the value of the original exposure by 77 per cent. Reliance on sovereign ratings outperforms the optimal solution proposed in this paper. Categorisation of eligible entities as sovereign exposures significantly decreases the risk exposure capital in the standardised approach. There are, however, specific criteria highlighted in this paper that must be met by a PSE to be categorised as a sovereign exposure. Originality/value In addition to testing various scenarios of calculating risk weights, this paper highlights regulatory areas that require further improvements and immediate attention from the policymakers and practitioners. At this point, the paper reports that the proposed changes to the risk weight buckets for PSE exposures may be erroneous and resulting from the typos in the second consultative paper.
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Wahyudin, Agus, and Badingatus Solikhah. "Corporate governance implementation rating in Indonesia and its effects on financial performance." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 17, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2016-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance (CG) implementation rating conducted by the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) on the financial performance of the selected companies. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a hypothesis testing study to analyze CG implementation of 88 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The samples are companies that participated in the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) Awards in 2008-2012. A panel data regression analysis is conducted on the data collected from IICG reports and its financial statements. Findings The awareness regarding good corporate governance (GCG) enforcement in Indonesian companies has already increased. The listed companies that participated in CGPI Awards during 2008-2012 always experience an increase in both quantity and quality. CG rating of go-public companies in Indonesia affects their accounting-based financial performance, such as return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share. However, CG implementation rating is not directly responded by the Indonesian stock market and has not yet been able to increase the company’s growth in the short term. Research limitations/implications In this study, CGPI rating in a related year is linked to market performance in the same year. Thus, further research may link CGPI rating to market performance in the next year, as the findings of this study show that GCG implementation is not directly responded by the market. Practical implications GCG implementation is required by stakeholders, as it may give a long-term positive impact. Thus, the government needs to stipulate regulations to increase the commitment of the company in implementing GCG. The company can improve the internal factors of the organization that does not support the establishment of GCG based on the findings during the survey of CGPI. Finally, investors and creditors may consider the CGPI rating for their investment decisions. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, this study uses the comprehensive CG rating in Indonesia. Previous studies on CG rating focused on internal mechanism; in this study, the rating was assessed using four stages of continuous assessment: self-assessment, document evaluation, paper assessment and company visit, which was conducted by an independent team. Second, this study uses the CG index (compliance, conformance and performance) associated with a variety of accounting-based and market-based performance variables: financial performance, market value and growth.
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Shmigirilov, Sergei Yu. "The methodology of using multicriteria analysis methods choosing the optimal architecture of the GLONASS space segment." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2021-22-3-261-269.
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The project presents a methodology for choosing the optimal architecture using, as an example, global navigation satellite system, namely its space segment. Several architectures of the GLONASS system were taken as an example for testing the methodology. The usage of traditional methods of multi-criteria analysis in this case is too way difficult due to the presence of a large number of particular navigation tasks, that often put forward contradictory and uncertain requirements for their resolution, the presence of a large number of private criteria, the need to involve a large number of decision makers (DM), and as a consequence, a conflict of interests, difficulty in setting weights, determining preferences, etc. The confident judgment method was used to implement the task. The system of private criteria was structured, taking into account the requirements of specific narrow segments, and their preferences were formed. After that, tables were built for each structure, according to the required number of criteria and for three different particular tasks, as well as to normalize and collapse the criteria for each task into one criterion. Then a set of Pareto-rational solutions and a rating of alternatives were formed. The final appearance of the system satisfied the requirements imposed by the consumer segment. Keyword
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Belozerova, Yu M. "METHODOLOGY "DISTRIBUTED AUTHORSHIP IN SOLVING PRACTICAL SITUATIONS" FOR THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 32, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2022-32-4-437-444.
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The article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of training of highly qualified specialists using simple and understandable tools for everyone. The purpose of the article is to present the methodology "Distributed authorship in solving practical situations (RAVTOR-case)", designed to increase the quality of professional development of specialists. The hypothesis is the assumption about the effectiveness of using traditional tools of social networks and messengers for the collective creation of educational materials that facilitate the exchange of students' experience. The methodology consists in the development of problem situations (cases), options for their solutions, posted according to the recommendations on the VKontakte social network, inviting students to develop solutions to situations and commenting, evaluating solutions, motivating students to various actions for the exchange of experience, rating the authors of educational materials. The teaching material in the methodology recognizes the totality of the results of the activity of the teacher and students (case study, comments, comments to comments, assessments, reposts, likes). Practical testing of the developed methodology was carried out at advanced training courses with the participation of 303 teachers of Russian universities in the period from 17.10 to 15.11.2022. The result of the approbation was the creation of 13 cases, 4328 views of the created cases, 276 case solutions, 108 comments on case solutions, 210 assessments of the actions of the training participants, which significantly exceeds the set learning objectives and the average activity of social users. The author provides a justification for the effectiveness of the developed methodology for training highly qualified specialists in courses of additional professional education.
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Лансере, Н. Н. "Implementation of the methodology of rapid assessment of critical infrastructure facilities for educational institutions." Management of Education, no. 2(48) (April 14, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/e0560-7007-4832-f.
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В статье разработана и внедрена в программный комплекс системы ЕАИС методика оценки результатов освоения образовательных программ в области информационной безопасности. Она основана на теории нечетких множеств. Метод позволяет производить интегральный учет как количественных, так и качественных факторов адаптивного тестирования в рамках промежуточной аттестации освоения студентом дисциплины образовательной программы в области информационной безопасности. В рамках накопительной балльно-рейтинговой системы использование теории нечетких множеств позволяет накапливать баллы по 100-балльной шкале по всем видам учебной работы и формировать итоговый балл по каждой дисциплине образовательной программы в области информационной безопасности в зависимости от максимально возможных баллов, установленных для каждого объема выполненной работы. In the article, a methodology for evaluating the results of mastering educational programs in the field of information security has been developed and introduced into the software package of the EAIS system. It is based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The method allows for integral accounting of both quantitative and qualitative factors of adaptive testing within the framework of the intermediate certification of the student's mastery of the discipline of the educational program in the field of information security. Within the framework of the cumulative point-rating system, the use of fuzzy set theory allows you to accumulate points on a 100-point scale for all types of academic work and form a final score for each discipline of the educational program in the field of information security, depending on the maximum possible points set for each volume of work performed.
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C.H., Khanh, Tri D.N., Anh T.T.N., and Dang T.K.C. "Testing The Factors Affecting The Development Of Credit Cards In The Vietnam Banking Industry." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2014): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2014.2.1(6).
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Objective - In recent years, banks have been very interested in encouraging non-cash payment activities in Vietnam. Especially, payment by credit card has recently become a popular consumer behavior in the rural area. This paper aims to evaluate the development of credit cards in the Vietnam banking industry, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City and identify the significant factors affecting the credit card market. Methodology/Technique - The authors conduct questionnaire survey with Likert-style rating scale to get the primary data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett' test are also employed to test correlation between independent variable (the development of credit cards in Vietnam) and five dependent variables (technology innovation, customer behavior, product creation, promotion policies and critical framework). Findings - The findings underline that the development of credit cards in the Vietnam banking industry is significantly influenced by customer behavior, promotion policies, critical framework, product creation, and technology innovation. Although there are some problems that need to be improved, Vietnam's credit card market has still been assessed as an outstanding potential market. Novelty - In this paper, recommendations are made to discover ways to improve these problems and continue developing the credit card market in Vietnam. Type of Paper: Review Type of Paper - Credit Card, Vietnam Banking Industry
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Brouwers, M. "Redefining evidence." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 17000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17000.
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17000 Background: In the last decade, the Program in Evidence-based Care (PEBC), the guideline initiative of the cancer system in Ontario, Canada, has evolved dramatically. In addition to providing recommendations to facilitate decisions of clinicians (clinical practice guidelines), PEBC reports provide recommendations to facilitate decisions regarding universal drug funding, resource allocation, models of care, and the organization of the cancer system. For many of these issues, there is little in terms of traditional evidence, regardless of study design. As such, extending and building upon traditional notions of evidence and methodologies to gather new kinds of evidence have been required. Methods and Results: The PEBC has evolved the way it which conceives of evidence, the methods used to assemble and appraise evidence, and the role of evidence in decision making. To this end, environmental scan and consensus methods, in addition to standard systematic review methodology, are employed. The environmental scan methodology we use includes systematic and transparent internet searches of, and/or direct inquires to, organizations in jurisdictions determined, a priori, to be generalizable to the Ontario experience. Here, evidence comes in the form of organizational reports, case studies and evaluation data. These methods continue to be refined and tested. The consensus methodology we use is a modified Delphi technique. To date, these methods have been applied to various topics including standards for diagnostic assessment programs, surgical oncology and systemic therapy models of care, patient education, multidisciplinary case conferences, patient safety, and treatment of rare diseases. Evaluations of these reports have been generally positive (approval rating range: 56% to 75%) but noticeably more varied than approval ratings of our clinical practice guidelines that have relied primarily on traditional systematic review methodology (approval ratings rarely below 80%). Conclusions: The PEBC's notions of evidence continue to evolve as does the refinement and testing of new methodologies. Through this evolution, we are now able to provide advice on issues we would otherwise be unable to using traditional methods only, while still remaining true to our core principles of being participatory, rigorous, systematic and transparent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Bogachov, S. V., and M. R. Pinskaya. "Independence of Local Government in the Comfortable Cities of the World." Management Science 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2304-022x-2019-9-1-37-46.
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The paper is devoted to the study of a local governments’ role in ensuring the life quality of the population in cities with a high comfort rating. The purpose of the research is a detection of similarities and differences in the organizational, legal and financial components of local governments in solving the problem of increasing the level of comfort in urban life. As an object of the research is testing a hypothesis about what aspects of an autonomy of local governments (legal, organizational acts or financial) are dominant in ensuring the life quality in cities.The methodology of the work is based on a systematic approach, which allows to reveal problems of financial support for the activities of local governments, aimed at improving the life quality of the population. Ratings of the world cities on comfort level are considered, selection of twenty cities are having high rating of comfort according to consulting agency Mercer is defined (further — the cities of «the comfortable twenty») and their group over the countries is executed. The analysis of legal, organizational and financial autonomy of local government bodies in the cities of “the comfortable twenty” is carried out.On analysis results the conclusion is drawn on sufficient degree legal autonomy (powers), organizational independence and financial independence of local government bodies that in combination with stability of the legislation on a local self-government allows to provide the high level of life quality of the population in the cities of “the comfortable twenty”. The conducted research is urged to fill the existing gaps between theoretical ideas of powers of local government bodies and the practical analysis of a real problem condition of increasing the effective management of cities due to strengthening of the financial independence of municipal authorities.
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Jardine, Bryony, Jenni Romaniuk, John G. Dawes, and Virginia Beal. "Retaining the primetime television audience." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 1290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2015-0137.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate factors associated with higher or lower television audience retention from one programme aired sequentially after another, referred to as lead-in audience retention. Lead-in is a primary determinant of television programme audience size. Design/methodology/approach The study models a series of factors linked to lead-in audience retention, such as rating of the second programme, genre match and competitor options. The hypothesised relationships are tested across over 1,000 pairs of programmes aired in the UK and Australia, using multivariate linear regression models. Findings The study finds the factors consistently related to significantly higher lead-in audience retention are the rating of the second programme in the pair and news genre match in programming. Factors consistently linked to lower audience retention include the rating of the initial programme and the number of competitor options starting at the same time as the second programme. Practical implications The findings help television networks understand drivers of lead-in audience retention. Knowledge that can be used to inform the design of tailored marketing plans for programmes based on schedule, timing and adjacent programming. Further, the findings help advertisers and media buyers with scheduling television advertising to achieve reach or frequency objectives. Originality/value No previous studies have comprehensively combined all four factors driving lead-in audience retention into a single model. The testing across multiple markets adds to the robustness of the findings. In particular, the discoveries about the impact of competitor network activities and genre build considerably on past research.
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Marx, Hendrig, and Richard Walls. "Thermal behaviour of a novel non-composite cellular beam floor system in fire." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-10-2018-0032.
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Purpose The Southern African Institute of Steel Construction has developed a novel cellular beam structure (CBS) for multi-storey buildings that is entirely devoid of concrete. Channel sections between the cellular beams support a complex sandwich flooring system, which contains a fire-resistant ceiling board, metal sheeting, an interior fibre-cement board and an access-flooring system. As for all structures, the CBS requires a fire rating. This paper aims to investigate the thermal behaviour of the CBS using numerical modelling and experimental fire testing, as it has a unique setup. Design/methodology/approach Experimental fire tests on the flooring system were conducted to validate finite element models, which were developed in ABAQUS. These models were then extended to include floor beams and the structural steelwork. Findings Good correlations were found between the experimental and numerical results, with temperature variations typically in the range of 0-5%, although with localised differences of up to 20%. This allowed larger finite element models, representing the sandwich floor system of the CBS, to be developed and analysed. A 1-hour rating can be obtained by the system in terms of insulation and integrity requirements. Practical implications The CBS allows for more economical steel structures, due to the rapid construction of its modular panels. A suitable fire resistance will ensure the safety of the occupants and prevent major structural damage. Steelwork and flooring temperatures are determined which has allowed for global structural analyses to be carried out. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in thermal analysis and testing of a new cellular beam flooring system, through determining behaviour in fire, along with beam temperatures.
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Patel, Maulika, Khushboo Bhati, and R. D. Pandya. "A scale to measure attitude of farmer members towards farmer producer organizations." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 34, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.34.2.0009.
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Attitudes are individually attributed emotions, beliefs and behavioural tendencies an individual has towards a specific abstract or concrete object. To measure the attitude of farmer members towards Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs), need was realized to use a scale. So, Likert’s summated rating scale was developed by following the methodology given by Likert (1932) and Edward (1957). After in-depth reviewing of secondary sources and discussion with primary sources, six indicators were finalized to form the items for scale development. Based on 80 judge’s response 57 statements were selected for item analysis. The split half method was used to testing reliability and the reliability coefficient was 0.92. The face validity and content validity were examined. The developed final scale consists of 16 statements in which 11 were positive statements and 5 were negative statements. The developed scale was found highly reliable and valid.
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Kapustina, Y. A., and Y. N. Rostovskaya. "Assessment of the economic security of the intersectoral complex: a regional aspect." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012075.
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Abstract The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of assessing the economic security of a regional intersectoral complex. The object of the study is the forest sector as a set of traditional industries and types of economic activity of a separate Russian region united by consistent technological, production, and financial links in the use and reproduction of forest resources. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the study of economic security and methodological support for its assessment, modeling of the forest sector, and forest management. The research used methods of multidimensional comparative analysis, as well as traditional methods of processing statistical information. The result of the study is the development of a methodology for rating the economic security of a regional industrial complex and its practical testing in relation to the forest sector of the economy of the subjects of the Ural Federal District. The proposed methodology is universal and, provided that the key provisions are preserved, can be used to assess the economic security of other socio-economic systems.
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Liu, Hongfei, Chanaka Jayawardhena, Victoria-Sophie Osburg, and Mujahid Mohiuddin Babu. "Do online reviews still matter post-purchase?" Internet Research 30, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-07-2018-0331.
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Purpose The influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) information, such as online reviews, on consumers’ decision making is well documented, but it is unclear if online reviews still matter in post-purchase evaluation and behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which online reviews (aggregate rating (AR) and individual reviews (IR)) influence consumers’ evaluation and post-purchase behaviour by considering the valence congruence of online reviews and consumption experience (CE). Design/methodology/approach Following social comparison theory and relevant literature, the authors conduct an online experiment (pre-test: n=180; main study: n=347). The authors rely on a 2 (CE valence) ×2 (AR valence) ×2 (IR valence) between-subjects design. Findings Congruence/incongruence between the valences of CE, AR and IR affects consumers’ post-purchase evaluation at the emotional, brand and media levels and review-writing behaviour. In comparison to aggregated rating, IR are more important in the post-purchase stage. Similarly, consumers have a higher eWOM-writing intention when there is congruence between the valences of CE, AR and IR. Practical implications The authors demonstrate the importance of service providers continually monitoring their business profiles on review sites to ensure consistency of review information, as these influence consumers’ post-purchase evaluation and behaviours. For this reason, the authors illustrate the utility of why media owners of review sites should support the monitoring process to facilitate the engagement of both businesses and customers. Originality/value The authors break new ground by empirically testing the impact of online review information post-purchase seen through the theoretical lens of social comparison. The approach is novel in breaking down and testing the dimensions of post-purchase evaluation and behavioural intentions in understanding the social comparison elicited by online reviews in the post-purchase phase.
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Gospodarchuk, Galina G., and Elena S. Zeleneva. "Stability of financial development: Problems of measurement, assessment and regulation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): e0277610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277610.
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Adequate measurement, assessment, and regulation of financial development stability are key components, the formation of effective macroprudential policies, and the coordination of these policies among countries. However, an analysis materials on the subject shows that work in this area is fragmented,. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for diagnosing and regulating the stability of financial development based on a systematic approach. The study used systematic, comparative, and GEO analysis, econometric methods. As a result, new indicators have been developed to diagnose the financial development of countries. The authors also propose criteria, which could be used to signal the need for countercyclical regulation tools. The novelty of the study lies in a systematic approach to the diagnosis and regulation of the stability of financial development. The systemic nature of the study is ensured by the application of the statistical framework of the System of National Accounts. Testing of the developed indicators and criteria was carried out in relation to the OECD+ (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries for the period 2007–2020. As a result of the testing, a rating of countries was built according to the level of stability of financial development. This rating highlighted leading countries as well as countries generating systemic risks. The study also assessed the legal grounds behind the introduction of a countercyclical markup by a number of countries. The new diagnostic and regulatory system has a number of advantage—it is highly representative and objective by nature, and has a wide range of applications. The use of this system will improve the complexity and quality of diagnosing and regulating the stability of financial development at the national and global levels, as well as increase the effectiveness of public decision-making.
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Kristal’nyy, S. R., N. V. Popov, A. N. Andreev, D. V. Sidorov, and A. Ch Tilakhun. "Effectiveness analysis of the automatic emergency braking systems in relation to unprotected participants." Trudy NAMI, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-26-34.
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Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The available methods for testing automatic emergency braking systems (AEBS) do not take into account the specific features of Russian operating conditions (lighting, weather conditions, real traffic accidents statistics (RTAS), etc.). Therefore, reasonable adaptation and correction of such methods is of necessity.The purpose of the study was to develop and test an AEBS effective methodology to prevent a collision with a pedestrian.Methodology and research methods. The methods of statistical research data and mathematical analysis of road accidents have been applied. Based on the traffic accidents pedestrian collision statistics in 2020, the most common scenarios and pedestrian collision causes in the Russian Federation were determined. Considering these data different types of automatic emergency braking systems (AEBS) tests including the function of preventing collision with pedestrians were proposed. AEBS tests were planned to be carried out in daylight and at night without artificial lighting.Scientific novelty and results. The scientific novelty of the research is an AEBS system effectiveness assessment when working on “adult pedestrian”. The criterion for evaluating AEBS effectiveness was the maximum speed at which it was possible to prevent a collision with a pedestrian. The final assessment of the action effectiveness was determined when the weighting factor of each type of test was taken into account. The weight coefficients were substantiated by real accident statistics. The results of AEBS testing efficiency for a Toyota RAV4 car, performed according to the developed methodology, have been presented. A parametric record of the field test characterizing the features of the Toyota RAV4 AEBS functioning has been presented as well.Practical significance. The developed methodology can be taken as the basis for the formation of the Russian national safety rating for new vehicles RuNCAP.
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Singh, Jaideep, and Matloob Khushi. "Feature Learning for Stock Price Prediction Shows a Significant Role of Analyst Rating." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4010017.
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Efficient Market Hypothesis states that stock prices are a reflection of all the information present in the world and generating excess returns is not possible by merely analysing trade data which is already available to all public. Yet to further the research rejecting this idea, a rigorous literature review was conducted and a set of five technical indicators and 23 fundamental indicators was identified to establish the possibility of generating excess returns on the stock market. Leveraging these data points and various classification machine learning models, trading data of the 505 equities on the US S&P500 over the past 20 years was analysed to develop a classifier effective for our cause. From any given day, we were able to predict the direction of change in price by 1% up to 10 days in the future. The predictions had an overall accuracy of 83.62% with a precision of 85% for buy signals and a recall of 100% for sell signals. Moreover, we grouped equities by their sector and repeated the experiment to see if grouping similar assets together positively effected the results but concluded that it showed no significant improvements in the performance—rejecting the idea of sector-based analysis. Also, using feature ranking we could identify an even smaller set of 6 indicators while maintaining similar accuracies as that from the original 28 features and also uncovered the importance of buy, hold and sell analyst ratings as they came out to be the top contributors in the model. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the classifier in real-life situations, it was backtested on FAANG (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix & Google) equities using a modest trading strategy where it generated high returns of above 60% over the term of the testing dataset. In conclusion, our proposed methodology with the combination of purposefully picked features shows an improvement over the previous studies, and our model predicts the direction of 1% price changes on the 10th day with high confidence and with enough buffer to even build a robotic trading system.
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Bielaczyc, Piotr, Rafal Sala, and Tomasz Meinicke. "Analysis of Technical Capabilities, Methodology and Test Results of a Light-Commercial Vehicle Conversion to Battery Electric Powertrain." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041119.
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This paper describes a holistic development and testing approach for a battery electric vehicle (BEV) prototype based on a self-supporting body platform originating from a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. The topic was investigated in relation to the question of whether conversion of existing vehicle platforms is a viable approach in comparison to designing a new vehicle ab initio. The scope of work consisted of the development stage, followed by laboratory and on-road testing to verify the vehicle’s performance and driveability. The vehicle functionality targeted commercial daily use on urban routes. Based on the assumed technical requirements, the vehicle architecture was designed and components specified that included various sub-systems: electric motor powertrain, electronic control unit (ECU), high-voltage battery pack with battery management system (BMS), charging system, high and low voltage wiring harness and electrically driven auxiliary systems. Electric sub-systems were integrated into the existing vehicle on-board controller area network (CAN) bus by means of enhanced algorithms. The test methodology of the prototype electric vehicle included the vehicle range and energy consumption measurement using the EU legislative test cycle. Laboratory testing was performed at different ambient temperatures and for various characteristics of the kinetic energy recovery system. Functional and driveability testing was performed on the road, also including an assessment of overall vehicle durability. Based on the results of testing, it was determined that the final design adopted fulfilled the pre-defined criteria; benchmarking against competing solutions revealed favorable ratings in certain aspects.
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Landi, Giovanni, and Mauro Sciarelli. "Towards a more ethical market: the impact of ESG rating on corporate financial performance." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2017-0254.
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Purpose This paper fits in a research field dealing with the impact of Corporate Ethics Assessment on Financial Performance. The authors argue how environmental, social and governance (ESG) paradigm, meant to measure corporate social performance by rating issuance, can impact on abnormal returns of Italian firms listed on Financial Times Stock Exchange Milano Indice di Borsa (FTSE MIB) Index, developing a panel data analysis which runs from 2007 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach This study aims at exploring whether socially responsible investors outperform an excess market return on Italian Stock Exchange because of their investment behavior, testing statistically the relationship between the yearly ESG assessment issued by Standard Ethics Agency on FTSE MIB’s companies and their abnormal returns. To verify the impact of an ESG Rating on a company’s abnormal return, the authors developed a panel data analysis through a Fixed Effects Model. They measured abnormal returns via Fama–French approach, running a yearly Jensen’s Performance Index for each company under investigation. Findings The empirical results denote in Italy both a growing interest to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability by managers over the past decade, as well as an improving quality in ESG assessments because of a reliable corporate disclosure. Thus, despite investors have been applying ESG criteria in their stock – picking operations, the authors found a not positive and statistically significant impact in terms of market premium, when they have been undertaking a socially responsible investment (SRI). Practical implications The findings described above show that ethics is not yet a reliable fundraising tool for Italian-listed companies, despite SRIs having a positive growth rate over past decade. Investors seem to be not pricing CSR on Stock Exchange Market; therefore, listed companies cannot be rewarded with a premium price because of their highly stakeholder oriented behavior. Originality/value This paper explores, for the first time in Italy, when market extra-returns (if any) are related to corporate social performance and how managers leverage ethics to build capital added value.
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Nayak, Chittaranjan B., and Sunil B. Thakare. "Seismic performance of existing water tank after condition ranking using non-destructive testing." International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering 11, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40091-019-00241-x.
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Abstract There has been a collaborative attempt to address the seismic vulnerability of existing structures in India after an earthquake in Bhuj, Gujarat, in 2001. Seismic diagnosis and seismic retrofit for the existing tanks have become a remarkable issue to be worked since deterioration is a cosmopolitan and natural phenomenon. It is important to know the exact reason for distress and type of distress. To manage such issues, a proper method of repair and rehabilitation with detailed plans and methodology is required. This paper is aimed at evolving systematic investigation metrology for condition ranking procedure based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and strengthening by various retrofitting strategies. For that case study, an existing elevated water tank is considered, which was designed according to state of the art over 40 years ago as per old Indian Standard (IS) code. The ranking assessment of the elevated service reservoir was carried out using different non-destructive tests (NDTs). DER, i.e., degree (D), extent (E) and relevancy (R) rating technique was employed to find out the condition index of the elevated service reservoir (ESR). After finding the condition ranking of the existing structure, an analysis was carried out using SAP 2000 to find the present-day seismic requirements using IS codes. After knowing the seismic demand of the water tank, various retrofitting methods were adopted for improving the drift capacity and flexural capacity of the structure. The results were finally used to address some of the critical issues of the seismic response of the retrofitted structure in terms of a time period, mode shapes, base shear, displacement, acceleration, and velocity. From the case study result of seismic retrofit for the existing elevated water tank, it is confirmed that a relatively simple seismic retrofit method is effective to keep the tank functional after an earthquake.
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PONOMARENKO, N., V. PONOMARENKO, G. NEUSTROIEVA, and G. TIMCHENKO. "THE IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING MODULE TESTING ONLINE AS A PEDAGOGICAL MEANS OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS’ COMPETENCIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 27 (December 13, 2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2021.27.247110.
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The article deals with the multifaceted nature of the problem of testing, theoretical and methodological issues of control of students’educational activities in higher education as a place and essence of testing in the general monitoring system, as well as the definition of different kinds of testing in foreign language teaching process, and basic requirements for testing.
This article considers a test system for assessing students' knowledge of the credit module system as well as the study of necessity of module online testing as a type of controlling educational and cognitive activities of students in foreign language teaching. The process of research testing from the standpoint of optimizing the quality control of the educational process in the university determines the importance of solving such issues as establishing the place and importance of testing in the general control system, determining the types of testing in foreign language teaching, disclosing basic testing requirements.
The general provisions on test control are given, as well as the types and methods of constructing tasks and the ability to assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities, the level of social and personal value of the acquired knowledge. The methodical approaches and experience of designing standardized tests for computer testing of professional competence of future specialists are covered. The classification of types of tests which provides their testing, selective use or active use according to a profile, possibilities and the purposes of training of a foreign language in each separately taken non-language highereducation establishments is considered. The problematic issues related to the assessment of students' knowledge in learning a foreign language are considered. The expediency of using a test form to control of students’current performance is analyzed. The method of module control, which is based on the application of test technology, is presented.
The article analyzes scientists’views on the use of a rating system for assessing the students’academic progress. The expediency of using testing (during the current control of knowledge) and module tests with tasks of different levels of complexity (during the periodic control of knowledge) as effective methods of assessing students’ achievements; it is provided practical recommendations for their preparation and application.
There have been developed tools for quality control of education that requires a further study of the theory and methodology of module tests.