Academic literature on the topic 'Test result reporting'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Test result reporting.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Kalman, LV, JAG Agúndez, M. Lindqvist Appell, JL Black, GC Bell, S. Boukouvala, C. Bruckner, et al. "Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 99, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.280.
Full text
2
Sugimachi, Mitsuhiko, Seiji Kawasaki, Fumio Nagumo, and Jutaro Tadano. "Cellular Telephone-Aided Real-Time Reporting System for Emergency Laboratory Test Results." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, no. 4 (August 2002): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00211-4.
Full textAbstract:
The authors established a system for real-time reporting of clinical laboratory test results utilizing the mailing function of a cellular telephone service. The reporting system is composed of systems for sample transportation and automatic analysis, verification of test results, and reporting of test results. The introduction of the system has completely eliminated time delays at all stages of the laboratory testing process from start of testing to reporting of the test result. This has enabled doctors to receive test results in a timely manner wherever they are and to respond promptly to the patient condition.
3
Grenache, David G. "Current Practices When Reporting Quantitative Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test Results." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa082.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests are commonly used to determine a woman’s pregnancy status. Discrete results are evaluated and/or interpreted against a reference interval or cutoff. Reporting practices across laboratories have not been investigated. Methods A voluntary questionnaire was distributed to 6433 laboratories participating in a general chemistry proficiency testing survey. Results Responses were received from 3568 (55%) laboratories. Overall, 31% used a single reference cutoff, with 42% and 14% using values of 5.0 and 25.0 IU/L, respectively. In total, 68% of laboratories provided result interpretations, most frequently “negative” and “positive.” Reference intervals based on chronological age were offered by 9% of laboratories; 60% reported gestational age-based intervals. In addition, 25% provided male-specific reference intervals, with 2.0 IU/L being the most commonly used single-point cutoff. Only 12% of laboratories offered a separate, orderable test for hCG as a tumor marker, with 5.0 IU/L as the most frequently used reference threshold. Nearly half of laboratories used assay product insert data as the reference interval source. Conclusions There is wide variation when reporting quantitative hCG results. Despite a well-established reference limit of <5.0 IU/L for nonpregnant women, fewer than half of laboratories used this cutoff. The reporting of gestational age-based reference intervals is more common than those based on chronological age despite greater clinical utility for the latter. Data-driven guidelines for reporting quantitative hCG test results could deliver more consistent result interpretation.
4
Downs, Stephen M., Peter C. van Dyck, Piero Rinaldo, Clement McDonald, R. Rodrey Howell, Alan Zuckerman, and Gregory Downing. "Improving newborn screening laboratory test ordering and result reporting using health information exchange." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 17, no. 1 (January 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m3295.
Full text
5
Paoloni, R., A. Georgiou, M. Prgomet, J. Westbrook, and J. Callen. "The Rate of Missed Test Results in an Emergency Department." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 01 (2010): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-01-0011.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Objectives: 1) To measure the incidence and impact of missed radiology and microbiology test results in an emergency department with an electronic test order and results viewing system, and 2) to assess the average times from test order to test availability. Methods: The study was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a 370-bed metropolitan teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. A computerised provider order entry (CPOE) system was used to order all diagnostic tests and view all test results. For microbiology and radiology tests electronic results were then printed for ED patients not admitted to the hospital to allow ED physicians to document follow-up. All radiology (n = 197) and microbiology (n = 66) tests ordered and results received for discharged ED patients were collected for a seven-day period. We measured the: 1) proportion of radiology and microbiology test results without follow-up for discharged patients; 2) impact of non follow-up on patient outcomes; 3) average time from radiological examination and microbiology specimen collection to reporting of results; and 4) average time from reporting of results to follow-up. Results: Two radiology (1.0%) and two microbiology reports (3.0%), all of which had negative findings, were never followed-up. Review of these patients’ medical records indicated there was no impact on patient outcomes or management. The average time from radiological examination to reporting of a result was 1.5 days, and from microbiology specimen collection to reporting was 2.5 days. Eighty-nine percent of radiology and 68% of microbiology results were followed-up on the same day that they were available to physicians. Conclusions: Our rates of missed test results are lower than those reported from studies where paper ordering and reporting systems were used. This suggests that the availability of CPOE systems may reduce the risk of these events. Electronic result delivery, with electronic endorsement to allow documentation of follow-up of test results, may provide additional efficiency benefits and further reduce the risk of test results which are not followed up.
6
Treece, Amanda L., Margaret L. Gulley, Patricia Vasalos, Cherie Paquette, Neal I. Lindeman, Lawrence J. Jennings, and Angela N. Bartley. "Reporting Results of Molecular Tests: A Retrospective Examination of BRAF Mutation Reporting." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 5 (March 13, 2017): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0280-cp.
Full textAbstract:
Context.— With enormous growth in the field of molecular pathology, the reporting of results gleaned from this testing is essential to guide patient care. Objective.— To examine molecular reports from laboratories participating in proficiency testing for required elements to convey molecular laboratory test results to clinicians and patients. Design.— Molecular laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing program for BRAF mutation analysis were solicited to submit examples of final reports from 2 separate proficiency testing reporting cycles. Reports were reviewed for the presence or absence of relevant components. Results.— A total of 107 evaluable reports were received (57 demonstrating a positive result for the BRAF V600E mutation and 50 negative). Methods for BRAF testing varied, with 95% (102 of 107) of reports adequately describing their assay methods and 87% (93 of 107) of reports adequately describing the target(s) of their assays. Information on the analytic sensitivity of the assay was present in 74% (79 of 107) of reports and 83% (89 of 107) reported at least 1 assay limitation, though only 34% (36 of 107) reported on variants not detected by their assays. Analytic and clinical interpretive comments were included in 99% (106 of 107) and 90% (96 of 107) of reports, respectively. Of participants that perform a laboratory-developed test, 88% (88 of 100) included language addressing the development of the assay. Conclusions.— Laboratories participating in BRAF proficiency testing through the CAP are including most of the required reporting elements to unambiguously convey molecular results. Laboratories should continue to strive to report these results in a concise and comprehensive manner.
7
Buttenheim, Alison M., Laura Schmucker, Noora Marcus, Mothepane Phatsoane, Vanessa Msolomba, Naleni Rhagnath, Mohammed Majam, François Venter, and Harsha Thirumurthy. "Planning and commitment prompts to encourage reporting of HIV self-test results: A cluster randomized pragmatic trial in Tshwane District, South Africa." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 10 (October 24, 2022): e0001196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001196.
Full textAbstract:
Reporting of HIV self-test results to encourage linkage to HIV care for those who receive a positive test result is a common challenge faced by HIV self-testing programs. The impact of self-testing programs is diminished if individuals who obtain a self-test do not use the test or seek confirmatory testing and initiate HIV treatment following a positive result. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of two interventions designed to increase reporting of HIV self-test results: a “plan and commit” intervention that leveraged insights from behavioral economics, and an enhanced usual care version of the standard HIV self-test community distribution protocol that promoted the importance of reporting results. The trial was conducted at community distribution sites for HIV self-tests in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The primary outcome was reporting of self-test results via a WhatsApp messaging system. We recruited 1,478 participants at 13 distribution sites over 24 days. In the plan and commit condition, 63/731 participants (8.7%) reported their test results via WhatsApp, compared to 59/747 participants (7.9%) in the enhanced usual care condition (n.s., p = 0.61). During the study period, 101/3,199 individuals (3.1%) who received a self-test under the standard protocol reported test results via WhatsApp, a significant difference across the three arms (p < .00001). Our results suggest that boosting the reporting of self-test results can be done solely through increasing the salience of the importance of reporting and a clear explanation of the procedure for reporting results. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03898557.
8
Raab, Stephen S. "Human Papillomavirus Reporting: Impact on Bethesda Cytology Reports." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-969-hpriob.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 2001, the Bethesda Committee revised the terminology for reporting Papanicolaou tests. One of the 2001 Bethesda forum groups addressed the use of ancillary tests, and the most commonly used ancillary test is for human papillomavirus (HPV). The Bethesda Ancillary Testing Forum presented terminology related to HPV testing. The Ancillary Testing Forum recommended that the specific HPV test method be presented and the results reported as positive or negative for HPV of a certain type or class. The Papanicolaou test and the HPV test should be reported together or should refer to each other if possible. A number of reporting schema currently are used to report HPV results; these schema include probabilistic reporting, integrated reporting, reporting as a result, and reporting with clinical management recommendations. Few data currently are available to support an optimal reporting method.
9
Shrestha, Anil, Andrew Georgiou, and Nasir Wabe. "Timeliness of Microbiology Test Result Reporting and Association with Outcomes of Adults Hospitalised with Unspecified Pneumonia: A Data Linkage Study." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9406499.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Microbiology tests play a critical role in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Our study aimed to determine microbiology result reporting times and evaluate their association with outcomes of adult patients (≥18 years) hospitalised with pneumonia. Methods. This is a 3-year (2016–2018) retrospective cohort study in six hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. The study data were obtained by linking hospital and laboratory system databases. Result reporting times including time from admission to the first and the last microbiology test results were determined. The outcome measures were hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. We fit median and logistic regression to evaluate the association of time-to-first microbiological result with hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality, respectively. Results. A total of 6,298 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 85.3% (n = 5,375) ordered at least one microbiology test. The top 5 microbiology tests were blood culture, urine culture, respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR), urine antigen, and sputum culture. The median time-to-first microbiology result was 26 hrs while the median time-to-last test result was 144 hrs. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 5.9% (n = 371). After adjusting for confounders, every 5 hrs increase in the time-to-first microbiology test was associated with an increase of 3.9 hrs in the median hospital LOS [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 3.5 to 4.3; P ≤ 0.001 ]. There was no association between time-to-first microbiology result and in-hospital mortality (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02; P = 0.122 ). Conclusion. Time-to-first microbiology result reporting was significantly associated with hospital LOS but not with in-hospital mortality. Further research should be conducted to understand if improving result reporting times can reduce the length of hospital stay of patients.
10
Lehman, Christopher M., Peter J. Howanitz, Rhona Souers, and Donald S. Karcher. "Utility of Repeat Testing of Critical Values: A Q-Probes Analysis of 86 Clinical Laboratories." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0140-cp.
Full textAbstract:
Context.— A common laboratory practice is to repeat critical values before reporting the test results to the clinical care provider. This may be an unnecessary step that delays the reporting of critical test results without adding value to the accuracy of the test result. Objectives.— To determine the proportions of repeated chemistry and hematology critical values that differ significantly from the original value as defined by the participating laboratory, to determine the threshold differences defined by the laboratory as clinically significant, and to determine the additional time required to analyze the repeat test. Design.— Participants prospectively reviewed critical test results for 4 laboratory tests: glucose, potassium, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Participants reported the following information: initial and repeated test result; time initial and repeat results were first known to laboratory staff; critical result notification time; if the repeat result was still a critical result; if the repeat result was significantly different from the initial result, as judged by the laboratory professional or policy; significant difference threshold, as defined by the laboratory; the make and model of the instrument used for primary and repeat testing. Results.— Routine, repeat analysis of critical values is a common practice. Most laboratories did not formally define a significant difference between repeat results. Repeated results were rarely considered significantly different. Median repeated times were at least 17 to 21 minutes for 10% of laboratories. Twenty percent of laboratories reported at least 1 incident in the last calendar year of delayed result reporting that clinicians indicated had adversely affected patient care. Conclusion.— Routine repeat analysis of automated chemistry and hematology critical values is unlikely to be clinically useful and may adversely affect patient care.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Smith, Nichole. "Consumer Preferences for the Reporting of Genetic Variants of Uncertain Significance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337352216.
Full text
2
Sterneberg, Karl Gustav. "Towards efficient legacy test evaluations at Ericsson AB, Linköping." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15910.
Full textAbstract:
3Gsim is a load generator for traffic simulation in a WCDMA (WidebandCode Division Multiple Access) network. It is developed at Ericsson AB inLinköping. Tests are run daily and the results are evaluated by testers. Whenerrors or abnormalities are found, the testers write trouble reports and thedescribed problems are handed over to designers whose task is to fix them.In order to save time, Ericsson wished to improve the efficiency.This study has focused on a specific part of the process of the developmentof 3Gsim, namely the process of evaluating test results. The goal has beento investigate if and how the process of evaluating 3Gsim test results can bemade more efficient.The daily work of the testers has been studied at close hand by the author.The testers answered a questionnaire with questions about their work andtheir opinions about the tools being used. The answers were evaluated andfocus was laid on the main problems.It was found that a lot of time is wasted on searching for trouble reports.A big part of the test result evaluation process consists of going throughsummary logs with error print-outs. Unfortunately no mapping betweenerror print-outs and trouble reports is performed. When going through thesummary logs the testers have to determine which errors have already beenreported and which ones that haven’t. Another major problem is the factthat most tests fail. On the webpage where the test results are displayed,this is indicated by a coloured field showing red. This is believed to have anegative effect on the work attitude.A lot of time can be saved by mapping error print-outs to trouble reportsand automatically comparing new error print-outs with old ones. The mappingwill also help preventing the creation of duplicated trouble reports. Thissolution will have the greatest impact on the improvement of the efficiency.Another way to enhance the efficiency is to develop a more advanced colourcoding scheme than the one used today. This coding scheme will help thetesters making the right priorities when processing the test results. Furthermore,these two solutions will have a positive effect on the work attitude. Aprototype implementing the first solution has been created. This prototypegives Ericsson AB the possibility to test the solution idea in practice.
3
Baker, Erin R. "Attitudes and Practices of NIH-funded Researchers Toward Reporting Individual Test Results to Research Subjects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147100909.
Full text
4
Rader, Dana Greene. "Cervical Cancer Prevention Screening: A Quality Improvement Project to Reduce Variation and Increase Timeliness in Managing and Reporting Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear Results." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3824.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer in United States with more than 12,000 women diagnosed each year and more than 4,000 preventable deaths with minorities disproportionally represented. Cervical cancer prevention strategies rarely focus on the management of abnormal screening results. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to standardize the management program for abnormal cervical cancer screening results within an integrated health delivery system serving a large minority community. The Plan-Do-Study-Act model guided a comprehensive program evaluation with process improvement, including the creation of an electronic quality data reporting tool to formalize the work process and a quality control and assurance program with exception reports. The evaluation was completed with data to measure the timeliness of abnormal results outreach and continued clinical management. The data were evaluated over time with run charts. Also, an analysis of the data was done through pre- and post-test comparisons with 2-sample t tests to evaluate abnormal cervical cancer screening management before and after the revisions. Although the project did not show a statistically significant difference in the timeliness of outreach and follow-up of abnormal cervical cancer screening results due to the limited data set, the run charts trended positively for timeliness and consistent data reporting with no missed screening reports. Effective cervical cancer screening includes the accurate and timely management of abnormal results to reduce disparities in cervical cancer deaths. This project contributes to positive social change by responding to the Healthy People 2020 goal to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer deaths through a formal process to insure timely intervention for abnormal results in a largely minority community.
5
Shinkins, Bethany. "The evaluation and expansion of methodologies relating to the reporting and analyses of intermediate test results : improving the clinical utility of diagnostic research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2df7fc16-51f5-4978-80bd-b69efdf9c8a2.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectives: It has been argued that the binary framework frequently adopted to analyse test accuracy does not represent the clinical reality of diagnostic practice, and the recognition of an intermediate category of test result could make the utility of diagnostic tests more transparent. The objective of this thesis is to explore the value of moving away from the binary framework when evaluating and interpreting quantitative diagnostic tests. Methods: This thesis starts with an overview of the key arguments against dichotomising quantitative test results and a summary of some of the alternative methods proposed. Four distinct studies are then reported: 1) a systematic review of the methods currently used to evaluate the accuracy of quantitative cancer biomarkers, 2) a survey of GPs exploring preferences for threshold guidance 3) an evaluation of existing methods for identifying an intermediate range of test values, and 4) an assessment of the feasibility of applying these methods to the results of a meta-analysis. Results: The binary framework remains the most common method for evaluating the accuracy of quantitative tests, despite the survey of GPs indicating that a single threshold interpretation is less helpful than identifying rule-in and rule-out thresholds. Existing methods for identifying an intermediate range of values require some adaptation to incorporate the cost trade-offs relating to different outcomes but, given complete reporting at the primary research, could be applied to the results of a meta-analysis. Conclusion: The 2 x 2 diagnostic framework frequently fails to capture many of the realities and complexities of clinical research questions. Standardised methods that facilitate complete reporting of test accuracy in primary diagnostic accuracy studies are required to allow for greater flexibility when producing threshold recommendations further down the evidence pathway.
6
Victor, Deborah Jane. "Parents’ interpretation of psychoeducational results as a function of test score reporting format." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3750.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated parents' comprehension of psychoeducational
assessment results as a function of the type of norm-referenced test score
reported and parental experience with psychoeducational assessments.
Twenty-nine experienced parents and 37 non-experienced parents completed a
questionnaire based on a fictitious assessment report containing intelligence
and achievement test scores. The fictitious reports were varied by the type of
norm-referenced score used to depict achievement test results. These test
results were presented as percentile ranks, grade equivalents, or standard
scores (M = 100, SD = 15) and were not significantly discrepant from
intelligence test results which were presented as deviation IQ scores. The
results indicated that parents were significantly more likely to overestimate
the magnitude of the IQ-achievement discrepancy and perceive the presence of
a learning disability when achievement scores were presented as percentile
ranks or grade equivalents. In contrast, parents presented with standard
scores made judgments consistent with the intelligence and achievement test
data. They interpreted the scores more accurately and did not perceive a
learning disability where the portrayed profile did not justify it. Parents'
interpretations of the scores were not influenced by prior experience with
psychoeducational assessment reports. Both experienced and non-experienced
parents responded similarly across all three types of scores. The results of this
study highlight the need for school psychologists to exercise caution when
reporting norm-referenced test scores to parents.
Books on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Alberta. Alberta Education. Accountability and Reporting Division, ed. Reporting provincial achievement test results to parents in June pilot evaluation, 2005-2006. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Education, 2007.
Find full text
2
Parushina, Natal'ya, Oksana Gubina, Vitaliy Gubin, Inna Butenko, Natal'ya Suchkova, Svetlana Deminova, and Svetlana Timofeeva. Theory and practice of analysis of financial statements of organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1023563.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook discusses the theoretical and practical
aspects of the analysis of financial statements of organizations in various
fields of activity. The theory and practice of the analysis of reporting forms are based
on the use of modern regulatory documents in the field
of accounting and tax accounting, auditing, statistics.
The textbook reflects the features of the analysis
of financial, accounting, tax, statistical reporting of organizations
based on the use of a system of analytical indicators and
the interconnection of reporting forms.
Examples of execution of analytical documents
of the economist-analyst are given, which allow to visualize the process of conducting
and summarizing the results of the analysis of reporting indicators in organizations
of various types of activity.
Meets the requirements of the federal state
educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and
includes a course of lectures, discussion questions, tests, practical situations
and tasks.
For undergraduate and graduate students, graduate
students, teachers of economic universities and colleges, auditors, accountants,
economists, employees of tax, statistical and financial services.
3
Gaviglio, Amy, Rhona M. Jack, and Lisa Sniderman King. Biochemical Technologies and Test Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604929.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The biochemical genetics laboratory has seen rapid technological growth and progress in the past 25 years, which has greatly aided in the detection of inborn errors of metabolism. Result reporting and accuracy are influenced by preanalytic sample handling, sample type, and methodology. Differentiating normal from abnormal is the key to disease diagnosis, and the interpretation of results often depends upon the pattern of analytes and knowledge about the patient’s clinical picture. The biochemical genetics laboratory is a setting that benefits from the addition of genetic counselors on staff. Technologies may evolve, but the role of the laboratory genetic counselor will remain essential.
4
Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman, and John Cairney. Reporting test results. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Journals are becoming increasingly more stringent in their requirements for what must be reported in articles about the psychometric properties of scales. This chapter reviews three of the most commonly used guidelines; the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, the STARD initiative (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy), and the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS). It abstracts portions of these guidelines that are most relevant for scales used in research settings. These cover the reporting of test development, reliability, and validity. The chapter also has a flow chart, adapted from STARD, that should be included when submitting a manuscript about scale development to a journal.
5
Reporting Test Results for Students with Disabilities and English-Language Learners. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/10410.
Full text
6
Dolan, Michelle, and Betsy Hirsch. Cytogenetic Technologies and Test Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604929.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Cytogenetic testing is ordered in a wide range of clinical settings. The primary purpose is to evaluate for constitutional abnormalities. This chapter describes cytogenetic testing methodologies, such as microarray analysis, chromosome analysis, prenatal genetic testing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, identifying their strengths and limitations, and details specimen processing. It summarizes commonly used nomenclature according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. The chapter also discusses the criteria that laboratory genetic counselors use for reporting uncertain, novel, or ambiguous results.
7
Kotzer, Katrina E., and Sarah E. Kerr. Molecular Technologies and Test Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604929.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular genetic testing has been around since the discovery and offering of clinical testing for the first gene sequenced. However, in recent years the methods and scope of molecular genetic testing have evolved significantly to encompass next-generation sequencing, multigene panels, and whole exome and genome testing. With this evolution in molecular methods, the nomenclature and variant evaluation and annotation processes are crucial for the systematic and standard interpretation of molecular test results. This chapter will provide the laboratory genetic counselor with information about the common sample types analyzed by molecular techniques for the purposes of genetic testing and the various methodologies available and their limitations. Guidelines are given for the standard approach to molecular variant reporting with respect to nomenclature and variant classification.
8
A, Koenig Judith, and National Research Council (U.S.). Center for Education. Board on Testing and Assessment., eds. Reporting test results for students with disabilities and English-language learners: Summary of a workshop. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
Find full text
9
(US), National Research Council. Reporting Test Results for Students with Disabilities and English-Language Learners: Summary of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2002.
Find full text
10
Board on Testing and Assessment, Judith Anderson Koenig, National Research Council, and Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Reporting Test Results for Students with Disabilities and English-Language Learners: Summary of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Verhelst, Norman D. "Balance: A Neglected Aspect of Reporting Test Results." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, 273–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43473-5_15.
Full text
2
Pohl, Bernhard, and Chr Trendelenburg. "Reporting on Test Results with Pro. M. D." In Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine, 572. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48706-4_103.
Full text
3
Strauss, H. William, and Federica Orsini. "Interpreting and Reporting the Results of Radionuclide Tests." In Nuclear Medicine Textbook, 1279–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95564-3_51.
Full text
4
Redonda, Agustin, Christian von Haldenwang, and Flurim Aliu. "Tax Expenditure Reporting and Domestic Revenue Mobilization in Africa." In Taxation, International Cooperation and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, 173–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64857-2_9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe use of tax expenditures (TEs) is an important fiscal practice that is often overlooked in public spending debates. The fiscal cost as well as the lack of effectiveness of TEs can be significant. This chapter describes the state of TE reporting across the world, focusing on Africa. It begins by explaining in detail what TEs are and what their role in government expenditure is. It proceeds by offering examples of the fiscal cost of these provisions, their (in)effectiveness, and the reasons why they are often hard to remove. The main portion of the chapter focuses on the lack and inconsistency of TE reporting. The chapter provides the first results of the “Global Tax Expenditures Database” (GTED), an ongoing project aiming to increase transparency and boost research in the TE field. The GTED reveals that over 64% of African countries do not provide any information on their TEs, while most of the countries that do report on TEs leave out important information such as the policy objectives and beneficiaries of those provisions. Lastly, using the available data, the chapter reports that, on average, TEs in African countries account for 2.8% of GDP and 17.8% of total tax revenue, and being as high as 7.8% (in Senegal) and 58.4% (in Mauritania), respectively.
5
Deszczyński, Bartosz. "Validating the Relationship Management Maturity Concept." In Firm Competitive Advantage Through Relationship Management, 121–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67338-3_4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter operationalizes and tests the preliminary proposal of the RM maturity model in field research. The first section discusses the design of the 40-question questionnaire, which aims to verify the links between RM maturity and sustainable competitive advantage. Different classes of research biases are addressed on a semantic level, and a scoring method based on the Net Promoter Score methodology is introduced. The second section presents the analytical strategy and the design of the empirical test, encompassing the self-reporting of business respondents and machine learning analytical techniques. The product of this analysis is a set of association rules, which separate a ‘basket’ of 10 critical RM activities and approaches linked by 16 rules, typically in a reciprocal way. The third section comments on the detailed empirical results on RM maturity and sustainable competitive advantage, which are found to be much in line with business ethics. The hallmark of an ethical RM-mature firm is open internal vertical and horizontal communication, which enables the company to be a meaningful partner in the relationships with its customers and other stakeholders.
6
Romano, Maurizio, Francesco Mola, and Claudio Conversano. "Decomposing tourists’ sentiment from raw NL text to assess customer satisfaction." In Proceedings e report, 147–51. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.29.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of the Word of Mouth is growing day by day in many topics. This phenomenon is evident in everyday life, e.g., the rise of influencers and social media managers. If more people positively debate specific products, then even more people are encouraged to buy them and vice versa. This effect is directly affected by the relationship between the potential customer and the reviewer. Moreover, considering the negative reporting bias is evident in how the Word of Mouth analysis is of absolute interest in many fields. We propose an algorithm to extract the sentiment from a natural language text corpus. The combined approach of Neural Networks, with high predictive power but more challenging interpretation, with more simple but informative models, allows us to quantify a sentiment with a numeric value and to predict if a sentence has a positive (negative) sentiment. The assessment of an objective quantity improves the interpretation of the results in many fields. For example, it is possible to identify crucial specific sectors that require intervention, improving the company's services whilst finding the strengths of the company himself (useful for advertising campaigns). Moreover, considering that the time information is usually available in textual data with a web origin, to analyze trends on macro/micro topics. After showing how to properly reduce the dimensionality of the textual data with a data-cleaning phase, we show how to combine: WordEmbedding, K-Means clustering, SentiWordNet, and the Threshold-based Naïve Bayes classifier. We apply this method to Booking.com and TripAdvisor.com data, analyzing the sentiment of people who discuss a particular issue, providing an example of customer satisfaction.
7
"ASSESSMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULT REPORTING AND FOLLOW-UP." In SAFER Electronic Health Records, 329–68. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18371-16.
Full text
8
Boyles, Tom. "Determining the Accuracy of a Test." In How to request a test: A clinician's guide to the interpretation and evaluation of medical tests, 11—C2N1. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192866615.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter describes the elements that must be included in any empirical study of test accuracy. It describes how the target condition must be clearly defined along with the reference standard against which the novel (or index) test will be measured. It explains that not all reference standards are 100% accurate in all circumstances and may be chosen as a compromise between simplicity and accuracy. It explains how case-controlled study designs are cheaper and faster but have limited value compared to prospective cohort studies and that results will be most valid if the population and setting (domain) of the study are the same as that in which the test will be used in practice. The chapter outlines how the output of a diagnostic accuracy study when the index test result is binary is a 2×2 table and when it is continuous it can be viewed as two frequency distributions and that the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) guideline should be followed when reporting diagnostic accuracy studies.
9
Parija, Smita, Sudhansu Sekhar Singh, and Swati Swayamsiddha. "Particle Swarm Optimization for Cost Reduction in Mobile Location Management Using Reporting Cell Planning Approach." In Recent Developments in Intelligent Nature-Inspired Computing, 171–89. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2322-2.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Location management is a very critical and intricate problem in wireless mobile communication which involves tracking the movement of the mobile users in the cellular network. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for the optimal design of the cellular network using reporting cell planning (RCP) strategy. In this state-of-the-art approach, the proposed algorithm reduces the involved total cost such as location update and paging cost for the location management issue. The same technique is proved to be a competitive approach to different existing test network problems showing the efficacy of the proposed method through simulation results. The result obtained is also validated for real network data obtained from BSNL, Odisha. Particle Swarm Optimization is used to find the optimal set of reporting cells in a given cellular network by minimizing the location management cost. This RCP technique applied to this cost minimization problem has given improved result as compared to the results obtained in the previous literature.
10
Streiner, David L., and Geoffrey R. Norman. "Reporting test results." In Health Measurement Scales, 373–80. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231881.003.0015.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Wang, Jianjun. "An Examination of Result Pooling for Reporting t Test Findings From Multiple Imputation (Poster 15)." In AERA 2022. USA: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.22.1880730.
Full text
2
Wang, Jianjun. "An Examination of Result Pooling for Reporting t Test Findings From Multiple Imputation (Poster 15)." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1880730.
Full text
3
Doan, T., C. Stafylis, Q. Wang, G. Vavala, S. Lemley, B. McLeman, S. Young, et al. "P089 Accuracy of Interpretation and Home Test Kit Result Reporting for Screening of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.219.
Full text
4
Gaumer, Dale, and Daniel Roy. "Reporting test results." In the working group. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/322807.322858.
Full text
5
Kolat, Tom. "Thermocouple Testing Methods, Data Analysis and Reporting Calibration Results with Emphasis on Noble Metal Types." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.26.
Full textAbstract:
Thermocouples are rugged, fast responding temperature sensors that very often cover large ranges of temperature. In addition, their economical affordability and ease of adaptation to a variety of configurations serve to increase their popularity and consequently the customer demand for traceable calibrations. Like all other measurement and test equipment, thermocouples, due primarily to their classification categories, exhibit a range of performances and accuracy expectations. This establishes the need for several methods of testing and analysis for effective, accurate result reporting with respect to the written standard and the temperature scale. This paper and its presentation discuss approaches employed to calibrate thermocouples and report their calibration results. It continues by illustrating some of the mathematics that can be used to furnish results on the calibration certificate. Examples of those applications with realistic thermocouple data are shown.
6
Merello, Paloma, Antonio Barberá, Luis Porcuna, Rubén Porcuna, and Ana Zorio. "Use of Movies in an accounting class as a teaching technique to promote learning about financial reporting and ethical issues." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12888.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents an innovative experience using movies in an accounting class. The learning experience was found interesting and useful for the learning process in three groups in University XXX. The students voluntarily watched three movies and answered a test for each one, containing questions about the ethical and accounting concepts in the film, as well as their satisfaction with the methodology. Non-parametric tests have been computed to assess if those students that watch a movie obtain a higher exam mark as compared to those that do not follow the methodology, as well as for the other accounting and ethical questions. Our results show that there is a particular film that evidences a significant effect on the final exam mark for more questions than the other films. In general, the results are valuable as they show that students get engaged with this methodology and this can help students to improve their exam result.
7
Pucci, Sabrina, Marco Venuti, and Umberto Lupatelli. "ESG features in financial instruments: A challenge for the accounting treatment." In Corporate governance: Theory and practice. Virtus Interpress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgtapp8.
Full textAbstract:
The volume of financial instruments including environmental, social, and governance (ESG) features is rapidly increasing with a result that the scale of the issue continues to increase in the lack of a specific accounting rule. This situation creates a deep debate referring to the possibility of financial instruments with an ESG factor to pass the solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) test according to the current requirements in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9. The debate is not only present in Europe but also in the US. The current accounting standards are not able to define a unique accounting solution for instruments that incorporate ESG factors and when these factors are material for the market, it is not clear which may be the proper solution to present them in the financial statements. The main issue is if it needs to separate ESG features from the basic financial instruments. Existing different positions on this issue, European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) proposed to International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) the introduction of more guidance and examples to apply in a consistent way the current provisions set forth by IFRS 9. In a dynamic market characterized by strong growth and the introduction of new complex instruments, the solution proposed by the EFRAG appears minimal. The introduction of a specific section of IFRS 9 addressed to this issue may be more appropriate in the light of the existing attention on the ESG features disclosure and the possibility to provide specific metric that permits measurement of the ESG features separately from the basic lending instrument
8
Gumara, Xavier, Lluís Vicent, and Marc Segarra. "QTI Result Reporting Stats Engine for Question-Based Online Tests." In 2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2008.231.
Full text
9
Chang, Yi-Chun, and Benjamin Ladd. "Effect of Acute Stress Induction on Cannabis Demand." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.27.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Substance demand, defined as the persistently high valuation of a reinforcer, is a critical factor that contributes to initiating and maintaining substance use. This study examined how cannabis demand was affected by an acute stress induction. Here we focused on the most commonly used demand indices: Intensity (i.e., the amount of drug consumed at zero cost) and Omax(maximum expenditure). Method: 33 young adults (66.67% female, 54.55% white, mean age = 22.88 years) reporting cannabis use at least 5 days per week in the past month and at least weekly use in the past 6 months were recruited from the community and a northwest college campus. After confirming eligibility, each participant was scheduled for an online Zoom appointment with an experimenter. During this appointment, participants completed a pre-test stress assessment and Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT). Following, they completed the Trier Mental Challenge Test (TMCT) for stress induction, during which they were asked to work four trials of arithmetic problems while being observed by the experimenter. Finally, they completed the post-test stress assessment and MPT, as well as a cannabis use survey. Results: Stress (d = .58, p = .002) and Intensity (d = .46, p = .014) significantly increased as a result of the stress induction. However, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in terms of Omax (d = .21, p = .25). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of administering stress induction (i.e., TMCT) online among cannabis users. The study results also suggest heightened cannabis demand in young adult high-frequency cannabis users after experiencing acute stress, suggesting interventions on how to manage stress in the moment may provide valuable techniques for individuals trying to moderate or cut down on their cannabis use.
10
Wang, John. "A New Graphical Method for Reporting Performance Results of a Diagnostic Test." In 2019 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2019.409.
Full textReports on the topic "Test result reporting"
1
Campbell, Sr, and Roy L. Evaluation of a Software Program for Storing, Computing, and Reporting Concrete Test Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235837.
Full text
2
Gates, Allison, Michelle Gates, Shannon Sim, Sarah A. Elliott, Jennifer Pillay, and Lisa Hartling. Creating Efficiencies in the Extraction of Data From Randomized Trials: A Prospective Evaluation of a Machine Learning and Text Mining Tool. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodscreatingefficiencies.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Machine learning tools that semi-automate data extraction may create efficiencies in systematic review production. We prospectively evaluated an online machine learning and text mining tool’s ability to (a) automatically extract data elements from randomized trials, and (b) save time compared with manual extraction and verification. Methods. For 75 randomized trials published in 2017, we manually extracted and verified data for 21 unique data elements. We uploaded the randomized trials to ExaCT, an online machine learning and text mining tool, and quantified performance by evaluating the tool’s ability to identify the reporting of data elements (reported or not reported), and the relevance of the extracted sentences, fragments, and overall solutions. For each randomized trial, we measured the time to complete manual extraction and verification, and to review and amend the data extracted by ExaCT (simulating semi-automated data extraction). We summarized the relevance of the extractions for each data element using counts and proportions, and calculated the median and interquartile range (IQR) across data elements. We calculated the median (IQR) time for manual and semiautomated data extraction, and overall time savings. Results. The tool identified the reporting (reported or not reported) of data elements with median (IQR) 91 percent (75% to 99%) accuracy. Performance was perfect for four data elements: eligibility criteria, enrolment end date, control arm, and primary outcome(s). Among the top five sentences for each data element at least one sentence was relevant in a median (IQR) 88 percent (83% to 99%) of cases. Performance was perfect for four data elements: funding number, registration number, enrolment start date, and route of administration. Among a median (IQR) 90 percent (86% to 96%) of relevant sentences, pertinent fragments had been highlighted by the system; exact matches were unreliable (median (IQR) 52 percent [32% to 73%]). A median 48 percent of solutions were fully correct, but performance varied greatly across data elements (IQR 21% to 71%). Using ExaCT to assist the first reviewer resulted in a modest time savings compared with manual extraction by a single reviewer (17.9 vs. 21.6 hours total extraction time across 75 randomized trials). Conclusions. Using ExaCT to assist with data extraction resulted in modest gains in efficiency compared with manual extraction. The tool was reliable for identifying the reporting of most data elements. The tool’s ability to identify at least one relevant sentence and highlight pertinent fragments was generally good, but changes to sentence selection and/or highlighting were often required.
3
Robson, Jennifer. The Canada Learning Bond, financial capability and tax-filing: Results from an online survey of low and modest income parents. SEED Winnipeg/Carleton University Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/clb20220301.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has identified several likely causes of eligible non-participation in the Canada Learning Bond (CLB), including awareness, financial exclusion, and administrative barriers. This study expands on that research, with a particular focus on the role of tax-filing as an administrative obstacle to accessing the CLB. I present results from an online survey of low and modest income parents (n=466) conducted in 2021. We find that, even among parents reporting they have received the CLB (46%), a majority (51%) report low confidence in their familiarity with the program, and more than one in six (17%) are unaware of the need to file tax returns to maintain eligibility for annual CLB payments. Self-reported regular tax-filing is associated with a 59% increase in the probability of accessing the CLB, even when controlling for a range of parental characteristics. This study confirms previous work by Harding and colleagues (2019) that non-filing may explain some share of eligible non-participation in education savings incentives. Tax-filing services may be an important pathway to improve CLB access. Low and modest income parents show substantial diversity in their preferred filing methods and outreach efforts cannot be concentrated in only one avenue if they are to be successful. The study also tests a small ‘nudge’ to address gaps in awareness and finds that information-only approaches to outreach are likely to have limited success, even with motivated populations.
4
Wang, Qing, Zi-Xu Wang, Nasu M. Otomi, and Shinji Mine. Association between cutoffs for classifying high- and low-volume hospitals and long-term survival after eophagectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: It is still unclear about the association between cutoffs for classifying high- and low-volume hospitals and long-term survival after esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer. Condition being studied: It remains controversial whether size of hospital volume influences long-term survival outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy. In addition, there is still no consensus for defining a reasonable cutoff of esophagectomies per year for classifying high- and low-volume hospitals. Information sources: After the retrieval of the relevant articles, they were screened to remove the duplicates. Search results were screened by two authors (Q.W. and Z.X.W.) independently according to the titles and abstracts. Next, the retained studies were searched for their full text and further were screened according to the following criteria: surgery for esophageal carcinoma as the theme; primary outcomes included hospital volume and long-term OS; comparison of OS between high- and low-volume hospitals; original articles with informative data; articles reporting adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in multi-variate analysis; and articles in which procedural volume was an exact cutoff. Any disagreements were resolved through consultation with the third author.
5
Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
6
Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
7
Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
8
Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
Full textAbstract:
Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
9
McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
Full textAbstract:
Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.