Journal articles: 'Test fluid'

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Tkáč, Z., R. Majdan, Š. Drabant, J. Jablonický, R. Abrahám, and P. Cvíčela. "The accelerated laboratory test of biodegradable fluid type “ertto”." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 1 (March 13, 2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2009-rae.

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The accelerated laboratory tests can evaluate the properties of new biodegradable fluids under relatively short time. These test results are the ground for the continuity of the tests under operation conditions in machine. The paper presents the test of new biodegradable hydraulic fluid type “Environmentally responsible tractor transmission oil” by designed special test device. The test evaluation was realized by technical state of concrete hydrostatic pump UD 25 which is used in tractors Zetor Forterra. This pump was loaded by cyclic pressure loading during the test with tested fluid. The evaluated parameter was flow efficiency of hydrostatic pump which reached the value 7.3% after the test. The reached value hints a high quality of the tested fluid (the limit value per standard is the flow efficiency decrease – 20%).

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Zhao, Dong Mei, and Xue Peng Liu. "Magnetorheological Fluid Test and Application." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2158.

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Magnetorheological fluid is a kind of new intelligent materials, because of its good controllable and mechanical properties; therefore it can be widely used in aerospace, mechanical engineering and automotive engineering, precision processing engineering, control engineering and engineering field. This paper introduces magnetorheological fluid mechanics model of MRF, temperature static shear yield stress, and the influence of MRF static shear yield stress test, introduces magnetorheological fluid in the application of variable hardness collar. The application tendency of the magnetic fluid flow is pointed out

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Peng, Hai, and Dan He. "Cutting Test and Analysis of the Emulsified Deep-Hole Cutting Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3066.

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This paper depicts the types and functions of cutting fluid, compared functions, advantages and disadvantages with several other cutting fluids. According to the characteristics of BTA deep-hole machining and cutting fluid requirements, some of cutting fluids were chose to do the drilling test. In order to satisfy the lubrication and cooling effect of the cutter, the oil-in-water type cutting fluid which through a comparative analysis of the experiment was used in the deep-hole machining, in the meanwhile, it can reduce the economic costs and environmental pollution.

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Juraj, Tulík, Hujo Ľubomir, Kosiba Jan, Jablonický Juraj, and Jánošová Michela. "Evaluation of new biodegradable fluid on the basis of accelerated durability test, FTIR and ICP spectroscopy." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 1 (March 28, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2015-rae.

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The paper deals with the properties of newly developed synthetic biodegradable fluid in terms of its operational and physico-chemical properties. The evaluated fluid is a new biodegradable fluid MOL Farm UTTO Synt, which belongs to the group of universal gear-hydraulic fluids. At the beginning, the fluid was subjected to accelerated durability test under laboratory conditions, with monitoring its impact on technical conditions of the used hydraulic pump UD 25. After that, the FTIR spectroscopy analysis was performed, with monitoring thermal oxidation, oxidation by acid products, water content and additives depletion. Depletion of additives was also monitored by the ICP spectroscopy. Based on these results, it can be stated that the newly developed fluid has good operational and physico-chemical properties after the durability test and is suitable for further testing under operational conditions without a risk of damaging agricultural machines.

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Matuszewski, Leszek. "Multi-stage magnetic-fluid seals for operating in water – life test procedure, test stand and research results." Polish Maritime Research 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0005.

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AbstractThe edge criteria for magnetic-fluid seals durability research were described in previous article [24] and now the tests results are presented. The tests were made with three magnetic fluids using various magnets quantity in magnetic assemblies. If values obtained in the repeated test deviated by more than 10 % from results of the first test an additional control test was made for final characteristics. The characteristics are: critical pressure, critical motion velocity and working life of the seal. The test stands were prepared for particular seals dimensions and results of tests are presented in the form of tables, cross section draws and diagrams. In conclusion one can see that multi-stage magnetic-fluid seals could be efficiently used in water for rotating shaft seals in a limited range of motion velocity and cycles quantity. Nevertheless a particular applications can be provided by magnetic-fluid seals only.

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ZHOU, SHIQI. "EXTENDING SIMPLE WEIGHTED DENSITY APPROXIMATION FOR HARD SPHERE FLUID TO LENNARD–JONES FLUID (I): TEST." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 32 (December 30, 2005): 4701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205033078.

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A theoretical formalism which can be combined with any hard sphere density functional approximations (DFA) to construct DFA for non-hard sphere fluids with a hard or soft core subjected to diverse external potentials is proposed. To show validity and power of the present formalism, we employ a simple weighted density approximation as an illustrating example. It is found that the resultant DFA for Lennard–Jones fluid under influences of diverse extenal potentials is in generally satisfactory agreement with corresponding simulational results even though the co-existence bulk fluid in the particle reservoir with which the non-uniform fluid under consideration is connected, is situated at "dangerous" regions. The significance of the present formalism lies in that it can be combined with any other hard sphere DFAs to construct DFAs for any non-hard sphere fluids with a hard or soft core.

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Ulicny, John C., Michael P. Balogh, Noel M. Potter, and Richard A. Waldo. "Magnetorheological fluid durability test—Iron analysis." Materials Science and Engineering: A 443, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.050.

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Ulicny, John C., Charlene A. Hayden, Patrick M. Hanley, and Deborah F. Eckel. "Magnetorheological fluid durability test—Organics analysis." Materials Science and Engineering: A 464, no. 1-2 (August 2007): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.059.

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Baguley, S. D. K., P. J. Horner, P. A. C. Maple, and L. Stephenson. "An oral fluid test for syphilis." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462053654302.

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We have developed a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay to detect antibodies to Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens in oral fluid specimens. Using an 'Oracol' swab, oral fluid was collected from 34 subjects with a serological diagnosis of syphilis and 97 seronegative controls. Using a cut-off of three standard deviations over control mean, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay in all subjects with positive syphilis serology was 76.5% and 97.9%, respectively. In those with early syphilis, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 100% and 97.9%. In a non-outbreak situation, screening clinic attendees for syphilis using oral fluid specimens is potentially useful when collection of blood is not practicable. In addition, it may have much to offer in outreach projects and epidemiological investigations.

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Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia, and Daniele D. Giusto. "Ocular Fluid Ferning Test and Fractals." Ophthalmic Research 25, no. 5 (1993): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000267330.

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Hedstrom, Olaf, Robert Sonn, Peggy Dearing, Stanley P. Snyder, and E. Duane Lassen. "Measurement of IgG Concentration in Ovine Fetal Fluids: A Useful Diagnostic Test." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 1, no. 2 (April 1989): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063878900100207.

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The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Oregon State University received 172 aborted ovine fetuses during the 1985–1987 lambing seasons; from 120 of these, body fluids were evaluated for IgG levels. Fifty-two (43%) of the fetal fluids had immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels greater than 15 mg/dl. Forty-five (87%) of the fluids with elevated IgG levels were confirmed or presumed toxoplasma or Chlamydia abortions. A mean fetal fluid IgG concentration of 111.5 ± 78 mg/dl was found for the 26 toxoplasma abortions; for the 19 Chlamydia abortions, a mean IgG concentration of 109 ± 91 mg/dl was found. Antibody titers equal to or greater than 1:40 against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 23 fetal fluids. Fetal fluid IgG concentration less than 15 mg/dl was found to be associated with bacterial organisms (i.e., Campylobacter sp.) as the confirmed or presumed cause of abortion. These results suggest that measurement of fetal fluid IgG concentration is a useful, supportive diagnostic test in determining the cause of ovine abortion, and should be included as a routine laboratory procedure for ovine abortion diagnosis.

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Majdan, R., Z. Tkáč, J. Kosiba, R. Abrahám, J. Jablonický, Ľ. Hujo, and M. Mojžiš. "Evaluation of tractor biodegradable hydraulic fluids on the basis of hydraulic pump wear." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 3 (September 18, 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2012-rae.

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Two types of biodegradable hydraulic fluids (HEES and HEPR) with the mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid (HV) were compared. The tests were performed using a test bench. During the tests with a tractor hydraulic pump, the fluids were loaded by a cyclic pressure load. The tests of fluids were evaluated on the basis of wear of the pump. Evaluation parameters were the flow characteristics of the pump and the cleanliness level of tested fluids. The temperature of the fluid under which the test was performed was measured in real operating conditions of the Zetor Forterra 11441 tractor. It is possible to state upon the test results that the mineral oil-based fluid was classified in the first place, the biodegradable fluid of the HEPR type in the second place, and the biodegradable fluid of the HEES type received the last position.  

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Tatsar, Mohammad Zaky, Nuril Munfaridah, and Markus Diantoro. "Pengembangan FIDTI (Fluid Isomorphic Diagnostic Test Inventory) Sebagai Instrumen Diagnostik Miskonsepsi Fluida." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2 (November 28, 2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16384.

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Abstract: We have developed a FIDTI (Fluid Isomorphic Diagnostic Test Inventory) as misconception diagnostic instruments. This development research is based on the importance of educators knowing the misconceptions of learners. Beside that the accurate quantity of diagnostic tests to help learners and educators understand the misconceptions that occur in the fluid material is still small.The model that used in this research FIDTI development is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. We use four steps of ADDIE development model. Four of these stages are deemed to be sufficiently adapted to the circumstances and eligibility. The product of this research is diagnostic assessment instrument of multiple choice which has four options with only one option is true and the other options are false. The options of products are developed based on student answer at essay question that has done before the product was developed. The products consist of 9 isomorphics that one isomorphic is consisting of three questions presented in a different form, but finished with the same concept (isomorphic). The number of indicators and subject topics which have respectively developed have 44,4% and 53,6% more than the previsiouse research. FIDTI is suitable to diagnostie student misconseption’s about fluids with validity test scores of 3,6 from 4. Diagnostic conception product in the study is using two criterias. Based on analysis data, the mean accuracy of the first criteria and the accuracy of the second criteria are 73,8% and 68,9%. Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian pengembangan FIDTI (Fluid Isomorphic Diagnostik Test Inventory) sebagai instrumen diagnostik miskonsepsi fluida. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya pendidik mengetahui miskonsepsi peserta didik serta kuantitas tes diagnostik yang akurat untuk membantu peserta didik dan pendidik dalam memahami miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada materi fluida masih sedikit. Adapun model yang digunakan dalam penelitian pengembangan FIDTI adalah model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Produk yang dikembangkan merupakan instrumen penilaian diagnostik dengan karakteristik berbentuk tes objektif pilihan ganda yang memiliki empat pilihan jawaban dengan satu pilihan jawaban benar dan pilihan jawaban lainnya merupakan jawaban salah. Pilihan jawaban produk dikembangkan berdasarkkan jawaban subjek uji coba menggunakan soal uraian yang telah telah dilakukan sebelum produk dikembangkan. Produk yang dikembangkan memiliki kuantitas indikator dan subjek penelitian masing-masing 44,4 % dan 53,6% lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya.Instrumen FIDTI layak digunakan untuk mendeteksi miskonsepsi peserta didik dengan skor uji validitas sebesar 3,6 dari skor 4. Adapun diagnosis konsepsi produk pada penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan dua kriteria. Setelah dilakukan analisis hasil uji coba produk diperoleh tingkat rata-rata persentase keakuratan keakuratan diagnosis secara keseluruhan dengan menggunakan kriteria pertama dan kedua masing-masing sebesar 73,8% dan 68,9%.

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van Zanten, A. P., and A. Twijnstra. "Test characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid tumor markers." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1786.

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Crook, M., P. Tutt, and R. Swaminathan. "Test characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid tumor markers." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1786–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1786a.

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De Chiffre, L., S. Lassen, K. B. Pedersen, and S. Skade. "A reaming test for cutting fluid evaluation." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 11, no. 1 (April 1994): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000110103.

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Zoccoli, C. M., O. Zalatimo, and M. J. Glantz. "Is cerebrospinal fluid cytology a useful test?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2011): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2079.

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Roodhart, L. P. "Fracturing Fluids: Fluid-Loss Measurements Under Dynamic Conditions." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 05 (October 1, 1985): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11900-pa.

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Abstract When filter-cake-building additives are used in fracturing fluids, the commonly applied static, 30-minute API filtration test is unsatisfactory, because in a dynamic situation (like fracturing) the formation of a thick filter cake will be inhibited by the shearing forces of the fracturing fluid. A dynamic, filter-cake-controlled, leakoff coefficient that is dependent on the shear rate and shear stress at the fracture face is, therefore, introduced. A test apparatus has been constructed in which the fluid leakoff is measured under conditions of temperature, rate of shear, duration of shear, and fluid-flow pattern as encountered under fracturing conditions. The effects of rock permeability, shear rate, and differential pressure on the permeability, shear rate, and differential pressure on the dynamic leakoff coefficient are presented for various, commonly used fracturing-fluid/fluid-loss-additive combinations. Introduction An important parameter in hydraulic fracturing design is the rate at which the fracturing fluid leaks into the formation. This parameter, known as fluid loss, not only determines the development of fracture length and width, but also governs the time required for a fracture to heal after the stimulation treatment has been terminated. The standard leakoff test is a static test, in which the effect of shear rate in the fracture on the viscosity of the fracturing fluid and on the filter-cake buildup is ignored. Dynamic vs. Static Tests The three stages in filter-cake buildup arespurt loss during initiation of the filter cake,buildup of filtercake thickness, during which time leakoff is proportional to the square root of time, andlimitation of filter-cake growth by erosion. In the standard API leakoff test, 1 the fracturing fluid, with or without leakoff additives, is forced through a disk of core material under a pressure differential of 1000 psi [7 MPa), and the flow rate of the filtrate is determined. In such a static test, the third stage-erosion of the filter cake-is absent. In a dynamic situation there is an equilibrium whereby flow along the filter cake limits the filter-cake thickness, and the leakoff rate becomes constant. The duration of each of these stages depends on the type of fluid, the type of additive, the rock permeability, and the test conditions. The differences between dynamic and static filtration tests are shown in Fig. 1, where the cumulative filtrate volume (measured in some experiments with the dynamic fluid-loss apparatus described below) is expressed as a function of time (Fig. la) and as a function of the square root of time (Fig. ]b), The shear rate at the surface of the disk is either static (O s -1 ), or 109 s -1 or 611 s -1. The curves indicate that the dynamic filtration velocities are higher than those measured in a static test and increase rapidly with increasing shear rate. This is in agreement with the observations made by Hall, who used an axially transfixed cylindrical core sample along which fracturing fluid was pumped, while the filtrate was collected from a bore through the center. Fig. la shows how the lines were drawn to fit the data: Vc = Vsp + A t + Bt, .........................(1) where Vc = cumulative volume per unit area, t = filtration time, Vsp= spurt loss, A = static leakoff component, andB = dynamic leakoff component. In static leakoff theory, B =0 and then A =2Cw, twice the static leakoff coefficient.-3 Each of the terms in Eq. 1 represents one of the stages in the leakoff process-spurt loss, buildup of filter cake, and erosion of filter cake. Analysis of the experimental data shows that the spurt loss, Vsp, and the static leakoff component, A, are independent of the shear rate, but the dynamic component, B, varies strongly with the shear rate (see Table 1). This means that, the higher the shear rate, the more the leakoff process is controlled by the third stage. process is controlled by the third stage. One model commonly used is based solely on square-root-of-time behavior with a constant spurt loss. Fig. 1 shows that little accuracy is lost by describing the leakoff with a single square-root-of-time equation: Vc = VsP + m t,...........................(2) where the dynamic leakoff coefficient. Cw = 1/2m, depends heavily on shear. and the spurt loss remains the same as in Eq. 1 and independent of the shear rate Table 2 shows that the error in C, that arises as a result of measuring under static conditions can be more than 100%. SPEJ P. 629

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Matuszewski, Leszek. "Multi-stage magnetic-fluid seals for operating in water – life test procedure, test stand and research results." Polish Maritime Research 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-012-0041-3.

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ABSTRACTThe edge criteria for magnetic-fluid seals durability research are critical for the seal’stechnological usefulness. The magnetic fluid seal technology in water is much moredifficult technological problem in comparison to gas or vacuum environment. There isalways problem with immediate contact between magnetic fluid and the environmentaluninspected liquids. In the paper are presented ways of experiments definitions carried outwith multi-stage rotating magnetic fluid seal operating in permanent contact with utilitywater. The special test procedures have been elaborated and practically used, with theaim to define main characteristics of magnetic fluid seals. These characteristics were: critical pressure,critical motion velocity and working life of the seal. Some grades of commercial, silicon based magneticfluids of hydrophobic properties were tested in sealing system. The test stand and its features as well asresults of tests are presented in the form of tables, cross section draws and diagrams. In conclusion onecan see that multi-stage magnetic-fluid seals could be efficiently used in water for rotating shaft seals ina limited range of motion velocity and work lasting.

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JOHNSON, A. R., W. A. BULLOUGH, R. FIROOZIAN, A. HOSSEINI-SIANAKI, J. MAKIN, and S. XIAO. "TESTING ON A HIGH SPEED ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL CLUTCH." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 15n16 (August 1992): 2731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001390.

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The design of a prototype ER clutch and its associated test facility have been described and sample results from the initial test programme are presented. The ER clutch shows considerable promise and outperforms various magnetic devices. Further clutch and ER fluid developments should increase these advantages. The test facility described provides a quick method for obtaining a wide range of important fluid properties from a single small quantity of fluid in a single test facility operating under realistic engineering conditions. The results reported emphasize the need for continuing ER fluid development to increase the ER shear stress, to reduce the viscosity of the ER fluid, to reduce the electronic to ER shear stress time delay, and to improve the durability of ER fluids.

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Fertell, Richard, and Hamed Ershad. "Automatically Monitoring, Controlling, and Reporting Status/Data for Multiple Product Life Test Stands." Inventions 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010007.

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This paper describes an industry laboratory implementation of local and remote automation monitoring and control of several product testing stands for status, safety, and an efficient use of resources, as well as the purpose and inter-relationship between the tests, product reliability estimations, customer applications, and possible solutions to test specification issues. Like an airport departure/arrival board, the summary statuses of several life stands are reported on a monitor using a mobile application interface. Detailed data analysis reports and emergency shutdown statuses are emailed to authorized-interested parties. The life stands include submersion tanks and flow rigs at different fluid temperatures (steady-state, slow cycling, thermal shock). To reduce equipment costs and lab space requirements, some life test stands are combined to share heating/cooling transfer fluids and pumping resources that are automatically controlled to direct different fluid temperature ranges through different flow paths. A heater/chilling system cycles between −80 °C and +140 °C with automated diverter valves to route −80 °C to +85 °C fluid through a set of products; when the fluid temperature is increased to > +85 °C, diverter valves route the > +85 °C fluid through a different set of products that are tested only between fluid temperatures of +85 °C to +140 °C.

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Waniewski, Jacek, Ramón Paniagua, Joanna Stachowska–Pietka, María-de-Jesús Ventura, Marcela Ávila–Díaz, Carmen Prado–Uribe, Carmen Mora, Elvia García–López, and Bengt Lindholm. "Threefold Peritoneal Test of Osmotic Conductance, Ultrafiltration Efficiency, and Fluid Absorption." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 33, no. 4 (July 2013): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2011.00329.

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BackgroundFluid removal during peritoneal dialysis depends on modifiable factors such as tonicity of dialysis fluids and intrinsic characteristics of the peritoneal transport barrier and the osmotic agent—for example, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption. The latter parameters cannot be derived from tests of the small-solute transport rate. We here propose a simple test that may provide information about those parameters.MethodsVolumes and glucose concentrations of drained dialysate obtained with 3 different combinations of glucose-based dialysis fluid (3 exchanges of 1.36% glucose during the day and 1 overnight exchange of either 1.36%, 2.27%, or 3.86% glucose) were measured in 83 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Linear regression analyses of daily net ultrafiltration in relation to the average dialysate-to-plasma concentration gradient of glucose allowed for an estimation of the osmotic conductance of glucose and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate, and net ultrafiltration in relation to glucose absorption allowed for an estimation of the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose.ResultsThe osmotic conductance of glucose was 0.067 ± 0.042 (milliliters per minute divided by millimoles per milliliter), the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose was 16.77 ± 7.97 mL/g of absorbed glucose, and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate was 0.94 ± 0.97 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with osmotic conductance) or 0.93 ± 0.75 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with ultrafiltration effectiveness). These fluid transport parameters were independent of small-solute transport characteristics, but proportional to total body water estimated by bioimpedance.ConclusionsBy varying the glucose concentration in 1 of 4 daily exchanges, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption could be estimated in CAPD patients, yielding transport parameter values that were similar to those obtained by other, more sophisticated, methods.

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Kang, Kyunghun, Pan-Woo Ko, Myungwon Jin, Kyoungho Suk, and Ho-Won Lee. "Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and the cerebrospinal fluid tap test." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 21, no. 8 (August 2014): 1398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2013.11.039.

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Battula, Sreedhar Rao, Keerthana Reddy Chittireddy, Meena Pullurwar, and Kishore Kumar Sriramoju. "Thermal performance of corrugated plate heat exchanger using ethylene glycol as test fluid." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2020.4.2.167.

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This paper reports an experimental comparative thermal analysis of a flat plate heat exchanger and corrugated plate heat exchanger (CPHE) of different corrugation angles using ethylene glycol as test fluid. The experiments were carried out counter current mode using water as hot fluid at 75°C. Design of each plate provided with eleven thermocouple sensors to determine the temperatures, in which seven were used to measure the surface temperature of plate and four were used to measure the inlet and outlet bulk temperature of cold and hot fluids. The mass flow rate of test fluid, varied between 0.5 to 4 liters per minute and corresponding steady state temperatures is measured. Using experimental readings, temperature difference between the inlet and outlet streams (DT), logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) and overall heat transfer coefficient (U) are determined. The obtained DT and U values of corrugation angles (300, 500) of CPHE were compared with those of flat plate heat exchangers. For corrugation angle of 30° and 50°, the DT and U values increases with increase of mass flow rate of the fluid.

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Lubbers, J., K. Ramnarine, and P. R. Hoskins. "Blood mimicking fluid for flow Doppler test object." European Journal of Ultrasound 7 (February 1998): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-8266(97)80162-0.

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Lubbers, J., K. Ramnarine, and P. R. Hoskins. "Blood mimicking fluid for Doppler flow test object." European Journal of Ultrasound 7 (February 1998): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-8266(97)80327-8.

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Wikkelsö, C., H. Andersson, C. Blomstrand, G. Lindqvist, and P. Svendsen. "Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap-test." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 73, no. 6 (June 1986): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb04601.x.

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Eisentrager, A., I. Sobey, and M. Czosnyka. "Parameter estimations for the cerebrospinal fluid infusion test." Mathematical Medicine and Biology 30, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqs001.

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Parodi, M. Battaglia, S. Saviano, P. Panetta, and G. Ravalico. "Subretinal Fluid Ferning Test in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment." European Journal of Ophthalmology 11, no. 2 (April 2001): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210101100209.

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Brown, J., and O. Chappell. "Respiratory Systolic Variation Test to predict fluid responsiveness." British Journal of Anaesthesia 97, no. 1 (July 2006): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael126.

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Voelker, Rebecca. "Test Detects Prosthetic Joint Infection in Synovial Fluid." JAMA 322, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.8680.

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Sorokin, A. M., A. V. Boiko, A. A. Tulupov, and A. P. Chupakhin. "Basic Test Rig for Studying Oscillating Fluid Flows." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 59, no. 6 (November 2018): 1145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021894418060214.

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Young, Stephanie T., Joshua R. Moore, and Clifton P. Bishop. "A Rapid, Confirmatory Test for Body Fluid Identification,." Journal of Forensic Sciences 63, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13544.

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James, D. F., N. Phan-Thien, M. M. K. Khan, A. N. Beris, and S. Pilitsis. "Flow of test fluid M1 in corrugated tubes." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 35, no. 2-3 (January 1990): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0257(90)85061-3.

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Desrosiers, Nathalie A., Dayong Lee, David M. Schwope, Garry Milman, Allan J. Barnes, David A. Gorelick, and Marilyn A. Huestis. "On-Site Test for Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.189001.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Oral fluid (OF) testing offers noninvasive sample collection for on-site drug testing; however, to date, test performance for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) detection has had unacceptable diagnostic sensitivity. On-site tests must accurately identify cannabis exposure because this drug accounts for the highest prevalence in workplace drug testing and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) programs. METHODS Ten cannabis smokers (9 males, 1 female) provided written informed consent to participate in this institutional review board–approved study and smoked 1 6.8%-THC cigarette ad libitum. OF was collected with the Draeger DrugTest® 5000 test cassette and Quantisal™ device 0.5 h before and up to 22 h after smoking. Test cassettes were analyzed within 15 min (n = 66), and Quantisal GC-MS THC results obtained within 24 h. Final THC detection times and test performances were assessed at different cannabinoid cutoffs. RESULTS Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, and efficiency at DrugTest 5000's 5 μg/L screening cutoff and various THC confirmation cutoffs were 86.2–90.7, 75.0–77.8, and 84.8–87.9%, respectively. Last detection times were >22 h, longer than previously suggested. Confirmation of 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, absent in THC smoke, minimized the potential for passive OF contamination and still provided 22-h windows of detection, appropriate for workplace drug testing, whereas confirmation of cannabidiol, and/or cannabinol yielded shorter 6-h windows of detection, appropriate for DUID OF testing. CONCLUSIONS The DrugTest 5000 on-site device provided high diagnostic sensitivity for detection of cannabinoid exposure, and the selection of OF confirmation analytes and cutoffs provided appropriate windows of detection to meet the goals of different drug testing programs.

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Majdan, R., J. Kosiba, J. Tulík, D. Kročková, and V. Šinský. "The comparison of biodegradable hydraulic fluid with mineral oil on the basis of selected parameters ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S43—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2011-rae.

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The paper presents a comparison of two fluids quality. The first one was mineral oil type UTTO which is commonly used in the transmission and hydraulic systems of agricultural tractors. The second one tested was biodegradable hydraulic fluid type ERTTO which could replace the toxic mineral oil. Both fluids were tested under the same test conditions using a special test device. The selected parameters of the hydrostatic pump were evaluated. The tests were evaluated according to the parameters describing the technical state of the hydrostatic pump as follows: flow efficiency, decrease of flow efficiency and cleanliness level of the fluid tested. This additional measurement verifies the test results. On the basis of the results achieved, we can state that the biodegradable hydraulic fluid exerts no harmful influence on the technical state of the hydrostatic pump. Therefore, the biodegradable fluid tested can be applied to the agricultural tractor. Has been demonstrated that the selected parameters are suitable for the evaluation of hydraulic fluid during its working performance. Therefore, these parameters will be used in the next examination of the fluid under operational conditions of an agricultural tractor.

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KORNAEVA, I. N., S. G. STEBAKOV, E. P. POPOV, V. V. DREMIN, and D. D. STAVTSEV. "THE TEST RIG FOR STUDYING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUIDS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-347-3-131-138.

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This article presents the results of work on the rig for studying the rheological properties of physiological fluids. The hardware and software components of the test rig is described. The test results of the fluid flow detection in the capillary were obtained on the basis of the laser speckle contrast visualization method.

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Lakner, Thomas, and Marvin Hardt. "A Novel Experimental Test Bench to Investigate the Effects of Cutting Fluids on the Frictional Conditions in Metal Cutting." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020045.

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The tribological effect of cutting fluids in the machining processes to reduce the friction in the cutting zone is still widely unknown. Most test benches and procedures do not represent the contact conditions of machining processes adequately, especially for interrupted contacts. This results in a lack of knowledge of the tribological behavior in machining processes. To close this knowledge gap, a novel experimental test bench to investigate the effects of cutting fluids on the frictional conditions in metal cutting under high-pressure cutting fluid supply was developed and utilized within this work. The results show that there is a difference between the frictional forces in interrupted contact compared to continuous contact. Furthermore, the cutting fluid parameters of supply pressure, volumetric flow rate, and impact point of the cutting fluid jet influence the frictional forces, the intensities of which depend on the workpiece material. In conclusion, the novel test bench allows examining the frictional behavior in interrupted cuts with an unprecedented precision, which contributes to a knowledge-based design of the cutting fluid supply for cutting tools.

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Feder, Judy. "Laboratory Formation Damage Test Data Upscaled With Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0063-jpt.

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 199268, “Upscaling Laboratory Formation Damage Laboratory Test Data,” by Michael Byrne, SPE, Lesmana Djayapertapa, and Ken Watson, SPE, Lloyd’s Register, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Louisiana, 19-21 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Through several case histories, the complete paper demonstrates applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to upscaling of laboratory-measured formation damage and reveals implications for well and completion design. The value of laboratory testing is quantified and interesting challenges to conventional wisdom are highlighted. Introduction Laboratory formation damage testing is often used to help select optimal drilling and completion fluids. Test procedures such as sand retention and return permeability represent an attempt to simulate near-wellbore conditions during well construction and production. To determine what degree of permeability impairment is allowable, further interpretation that cannot be provided using classical nodal analysis or reservoir simulation methods is required. The complete paper describes the evolution of, and potential for, more-comprehensive upscaling and outlines the importance of consideration of full well geometry when designing and interpreting coreflood tests for formation damage. CFD simulations provide a means to upscale suitable laboratory test data to predict effect on well performance. Methods CFD simulations use a relatively simple, steady-state, static damage model that takes endpoint data from laboratory core tests and translates the data into parameters that are used for input into well geometry. Although this method has its merits and is a considerable advance on previous, more-simplistic upscaling attempts, it does not necessarily present the full picture of damage evolution in the near-wellbore. A transient model of damage with data again derived from laboratory coreflood data could reveal more about well cleanup and progressive damage removal. Steady-State Modeling. No API recommended practice for return permeability testing exists. Laboratories have their own procedures that comply broadly with recommended procedures developed some time ago. Operators and consultants, too, have their own procedures, which they often ask laboratories to follow. Although no recommended practice exists, evaluation of drilling and completion fluids usually involves measurement of a base permeability and remeasurement of a return permeability—or several—after application of the test fluid or fluids. In many cases, the laboratory removes the external mud cake or trims a slice of the end of the plug to measure return permeability without mud cake (Fig. 1).

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Ismail, I., and Syarifah Nur Aqida. "Fluid-Particle Separation of Magnetorheological (MR) Fluid in MR Machining Application." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.746.

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The presented work is an investigation of fluid-particle separation phenomena and compression stress resistance performance of magnetorheological (MR) fluids under squeeze mode. The squeeze mode is very significant to MR machining application. Material used in this study was silicone oil based MR fluid with 20% volume fraction of carbonyl iron particle. Compression test was performed by integrating the developed squeeze mode testing rig with a 50 kN Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The tests were conducted at constant speed and current. Each test was conducted at an initial gap of 2 mm and was stopped at a final gap of 0.5 mm. Force-displacement data was recorded and was analysed using TestExpert® II software. Full factorials with 27 experiments were designed using Design Expert 7 software. Three factors investigated in the design of experiments were carrier fluid viscosity, supplied current, and compression speed. Responses measured were strain energy and compression stress at maximum strain. Macro images of the phenomenon were recorded and evaluated qualitatively. From the compression stress-strain results, carrier fluid viscosity was significant to vary the MR fluid properties. The observed phenomenon shows that fluid-particle separation occurred in the low viscosity carrier fluid, low compression speed and high applied current. The parameters effect on strain energy and compression stress suggests that the fluid-particle separation is significant to the squeeze mode MR fluid performance. The relationship between stress resistance performance and fluid-particle separation phenomena were significant in designing innovative MR fluid devices.

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Hanshi, Zhang, Jiang Guancheng, Bi Hongxun, and Zhu Kuanliang. "Research on Protecting Formation Low-Damage Workover Fluid in Low Permeability Reservoir." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 06 (January 29, 2019): 1850049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x18500497.

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During the workover treatment process, poorly compatible workover fluids infiltrating into reservoir could cause serious formation damage. To tackle the aformentioned issues, in this work, low-damage workover fluid was systematically studied. By investigating reservoir damage mechanisms, chemical property study, compatibility evaluation test and core flow test, we obtain three kinds of workover fluids suitable for different blocks in Nanpu oilfield. Attractively, JRYL workover fluid which contains antiswelling agents can effectively prevent water sensitivity, and the permeability recovery values of JRYL workover fluid to NP1-5 and PG2 core are 95.3% and 86.9%, respectively. JRYD workover fluid which contains antiswelling agents and anti-waterblocking agent can prevent both water sensitivity and water blocking damage, and the permeability recovery value of JRYD workover fluid to NP403X1 core is 89.4%. JRYJ workover fluid suitable for high pressure formation can prevent water sensitivity and water blocking damage, and the permeability recovery value of the JRYJ workover fluid to NP403X1 core is 95.1%. The actual field application in Nanpu oilfield indicates that these workover fluids can not only reduce the oil well recovery time after workover treatment, but also increase production recovery rate. These results display great potential to efficiently develop low permeability reservoirs.

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Ramenskaya, G. V., I. E. Shohin, A. Y. Savchenko, and E. A. Volkova. "The dissolution test in biorelevant media as a prognostic tool for modeling of drug behavior in vivo." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 5 (2011): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115705482.

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The review deals with the modern tool for modeling of drug behavior in vivo, - the dissolution test in biorelevant media, imitating gastrointestinal fluids. The formulations and preparation methods of fasted state simulation intestinal fluid, FaSSIF and fed state simulation intestinal fluid, FeSSIF, are defined. In addition, the dissolution characteristics of APIs from different BCS classes in biorelevant media are described. Possible applications of biorelevant media in regulatory practice and science are also shown.

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Mazlan, Saiful Amri, Izwan Ismail, Mohamad S. Fathi, Shuib Rambat, and Samsol F. Anis. "An Experimental Investigation of Magnetorheological (MR) Fluids under Quasi-Static Loadings." Key Engineering Materials 495 (November 2011): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.495.285.

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In our earlier work, test equipment has been designed, simulated and fabricated to perform experiment on MR fluids in squeeze mode. Preliminary results were gathered and presented for the purpose of validating the test equipment. Therefore, in this paper, a further systematic investigation of MR fluids in squeeze mode has been carried out. As a result, MR fluids experienced rheological changes in three stages during compression and tension. Fluid-particles separation phenomenon was the main caused for the unique behaviour of MR fluids. Particle chains depended on the structure transformation in which the carrier fluid movement can be controlled by changing the magnetic field strength.

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Jablonický, Juraj, Mirko Simikić, Juraj Tulík, Milan Tomić, Ľubomír Hujo, and Ján Kosiba. "Monitoring of Selected Physical and Chemical Parameters of Test Oil in the Wet Disc Brake System." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2020-0008.

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AbstractPaper presented is focused on the operating measurements of a tractor wet disc brake system. Operating measurements were evaluated after tractor’s operation at 500 Mth on the 3rd, 4th and 5th gear. Reference fluid and ecological fluid were tested during operation. In addition, work results include the evaluation of the fluid samples taken during the operational tests to monitor the tractor braking performance with wet disc brakes. Fluid samples were also tested in order to determine the changes in their physico-chemical properties. Chemical analysis was performed for both oil samples by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis according to the DIN 51829 and DIN 51399-2. Observed physical properties of the tested oils – density, viscosity, acid number, water content – were within the appropriate ranges after the end of test. Further analysis was focused on an amount of abrasive metals, contaminants, additives, and other important elements. On the basis of analyses conducted, it can be concluded that majority of elements preserved their original level showed at the 0 reference hour sample. In terms of the abrasion metals, an increase in their presence was not found. Furthermore, analysis of the physical properties of tested fluids did not prove their negative impact on the tractor wet disc brake system. Results of the operating measurements suggest that neither the applied conference fluid nor the ecological fluid showed negative effect on the minimum braking value. The minimum braking deceleration was implemented in accordance with the Law no. 106/2018.

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Finkelde, I., and R. Robert Waller. "Comparing Methods of Determining Formalin Concentration in Fluid Preservatives." Collection Forum 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-34.1.32.

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Abstract Formalin (3.7% weight/weight [w/w], 4% weight/volume [w/v] aqueous formaldehyde) is commonly used as a fixative to prevent postmortem changes in the tissues of a specimen. The specimen is then either maintained in formalin or transferred to another fluid preservative, such as ethanol or isopropanol, for long-term preservation. Residual formalin often remains in the preservation fluid. As formaldehyde is a known carcinogen, it is important to know the concentration present in preservation fluids. A titration method has been developed to determine formalin concentration in fluid preservatives. It utilizes sodium sulfite to react with formaldehyde in solution. An adjustable, repeating pipette and a digital titrator allow for the rapid determination of formalin concentrations in small samples (<1 ml). This method of titration is compared with three commercially available methods of determining formaldehyde and formalin concentration: two brands of formaldehyde test strips, Quantofix® (Machery-Nagel GmbH) and MQuant® (EMD Millipore Corp), and a drop count titration test kit (Hach® formaldehyde test kit, model FM-1). A comparison and evaluation are made on the effectiveness of each method in determining the concentration of formalin in preservation fluids.

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Pochi, Daniele, Roberto Fanigliulo, Carlo Bisaglia, Maurizio Cutini, Renato Grilli, Laura Fornaciari, Monica Betto, et al. "Test Rig and Method for Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Bio-Based Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants for Agricultural Transmissions." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208564.

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The use of lubricants and hydraulic fluids of both mineral and synthetic origin in agricultural processes could have a deep impact on the environment as a result of their possible dispersion in the ground and aquifers. Replacing them with bio-based fluids, developed to provide good tribological properties and high biodegradability, could contribute to reducing their negative effects. The evaluation of the capacity of such innovative fluids to replace the conventional ones is based on work cycles lasting as long as their lifetime, during which their characteristics must prove to be at least equal to those of the fluids they replace. To shorten the evaluation process, CREA (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia Agraria) developed a fluid test rig (FTR) and related test method, able to apply severe work cycles on small oil volumes, thereby accelerating the aging of the fluid beyond what typically occurs. This paper reports the results of the tests on FTR’s functionality carried out comparing two UTTO (Universal Tractor Transmission Oil) fluids: a widespread conventional fluid and an experimental vegetable-based oil. The FTR will permit, in a relatively short time, the assessment of the most promising formulations to be tested later under real working conditions, e.g., in agricultural tractors, reducing the risk of damage, before their ultimate introduction into the operating reality.

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Yusuf, Taofeek Ayotunde, Chibueze Nnorom, and Olusola Femi Olusunmade. "Evolution of Synthetic Fluid from Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) as an Alternative to Water-Based Cutting Fluids: Performance Test." Advanced Materials Research 1150 (November 2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1150.59.

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The use of agricultural wastes and natural materials in new technologies is a novel subject. Consequently, an attempt has been made to formulate a synthetic fluid using an organic water, Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) and compare its performance with water-based sample in turning operation using a mild steel as workpiece. Two samples of synthetic fluids were formulated from each of deionized WEFGM, ordinary WEFGM and deionized water as base-fluids at two composition (5 and 10%vol) levels of selected additives. The results of experimental analysis of heat transfer properties of these synthetic fluids exist, hence the need to ascertain the actual performance output. Temperature-Time Gradient (TTG) which is a rate of temperature drop (heat withdrawn) from the work zone was used as evaluation parameters. The result showed that deionized WEFGM is the most efficient of the entire samples at both compositions with an average TTG of 3.61 and 2.16 °C/min at 10 and 5% additive concentration respectively. At lower additive concentration which is more economically advantageous, the performance rating is deionized WEFGM>>WEFGM>>deionized Water. This implies that WEFGM is more effective than water as a base fluid for synthetic fluid in performance as it has been previously so reported in properties. Meanwhile, T-test statistical analysis (using IBM SPSS 23) shows that there is highly significant difference in TTG at each time of application of individual fluid (p<0.05). However, TTG of one fluid sample is not significantly different from the other (p>0.05) implying that the fluids can all work as coolants and relatively have comparable performance output.

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Drabant, Š., J. Kosiba, J. Jablonický, and J. Tulík. "The durability test of tractor hydrostatic pump type UD 25 under operating load." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 3 (August 26, 2010): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/42/2009-rae.

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The results of the UD 25 hydrostatic pump durability test are presented; they were obtained in the laboratory under operating load. The test of operating load was a continuation of the hydrostatic pump durability test with a cyclic pressure loading according to the norm STN 11 9287. It lasted 300 hours, with 70°C ± 2°C of hydraulic fluid temperature. The aim of the test was to simulate the operation of the hydrostatic pump under load in laboratory and to find out its deterioration and the influence of a biodegradable fluid on its qualities. The achieved results confirmed that flow efficiency of the UD 25 hydrostatic pump decreased only to 3.6% which points to its good technical state even after the test performance. Meanwhile we can state that the used ecological hydraulic fluid on the basis of a vegetable oil "Environmentally responsible tractor transmission oil", produced by the Slovnaft company, Inc., is characterised by very good qualities.

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Yang, Song, Xianyong Zhu, and Hui Wang. "Error Characteristic Analysis of Fluid Momentum Law Test Apparatus." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010090.

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The flat-plate momentum test bench is a widely used experimental device in the verification of the momentum law of fluid mechanics, and its error characteristics are of positive significance for theoretical research and engineering innovation and expansion. The SPH-FEM coupling algorithm and spectrum analysis method are used to calculate and analyze the displacement response and spectrum characteristics of the characteristic points of the sensor under different jet loads. Based on them, the cause, classification, law, scope, influence and control method of the measurement error of the system are discussed and analyzed with the application of the error theory and the lateral effect theory of strain gauges; combined with physical experiments, the relevant analysis methods and conclusions are verified. The results show that the measurement error of the system includes linear error and periodic error. Structural deformation in the direction of jet impact is the main source of linear error; linear error increases with the increase of jet loads. Meanwhile, periodic vibration in non-jet direction is the main cause of periodic error, and the periodic error decreases with the increase of jet loads.

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Thinkhamrop, J., P. Lumbiganon, P. Thongkrajai, C. Chongsomchai, and M. Pakarasang. "Vaginal fluid pH as a screening test for vaginitis." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 66, no. 2 (July 23, 1999): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(99)00057-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Test fluid'

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