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Journal articles on the topic 'Test de proximité'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2024

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1

Desrosiers, Yvon. "Les représentations de la mort." Santé mentale au Québec 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2006): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030276ar.

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Résumé Dans cet article, nous explorons les représentations de la mort élaborées par des personnes en proximité immédiate (personnelle ou professionnelle) avec la mort. Seize personnes en deuil, vingt-cinq intervenants auprès de personnes immédiatement concernées par la mort et vingt-trois sujets «normaux» (contrôle) c'est-à-dire sans proximité immédiate avec la mort, ont rempli le test projectif AT9 du psychologue Yves Durand. Une conclusion théorique importante se dégage de cette enquête exploratoire: la proximité de la mort ne semble pas affecter les représentations de la mort. Au niveau de l'intervention, l'exploration de cet univers imaginaire des représentations de la mort a permis aux intervenants d'aider les sujets affectés par la mort.

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2

BRULHART, Franck. "Proximité et réussite des partenariats verticaux logistiques dans le secteur agroalimentaire français." Management international 9, no. 4 (2005): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-6tyn-n48d.

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This paper aims to a better understanding of characteristics associated with the success of logistics partnerships. We hypothesize that similarity and trust are positively related to indicators of partnership success (satisfaction) and we analyze the relationship between these variables. Then we try to test these hypotheses using a structural equations model. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

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3

Bouafia, Ali, and Ahmed Bouguerra. "Modélisation en centrifugeuse du comportement d'un pieu flexible chargé horizontalement à proximité d'un talus." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-033.

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This paper presents the results of a static lateral loading test, carried out in a centrifuge, on the reduced model of a single pile, instrumented with strain gauges, installed near a dense sandy slope. The effect of the proximity of the slope on the behaviour of the pile is studied. P–Y lateral reaction curves are constructed, and the variations of the horizontal subgrade modulus are analyzed. A practical method, based on the correction of the horizontal soil P–Y curves, is proposed to study the behaviour of piles near a slope. Key words : horizontal loading, pile, centrifuge, slope, sand, P–Y curve.

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4

Berhe, Hiluf, Mulata Haftu, Senait Abrhaz, Desta Haileyesus, Ayele Bekeriex, Gebre Teklu, Shegalem Fiqadu, and Alemayehu Kiros. "Preliminary report on a test excavation at the ancient iron smelting site of Gud Bahri (Wuqro, Tigray)." Annales d'Ethiopie 33, no. 1 (2020): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1693.

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Une fouille préventive a été menée entre mai et juin 2018 sur le site de Gud Bahri, fortement menacé par l’expansion de la ville de Wuqro et le développement de nouvelles habitations dans sa partie nord. Six tranchées ont été ouvertes afin de vérifier la stratigraphie et la distribution horizontale des scories de fer identifiées en surface. Les tranchées 1, 3, 4 et 5 ont livré de grandes quantités de scories de fer, et les tranchées 2 et 6 ont permis d’identifier des murs qui suggèrent la présence d’un site résidentiel. La prospection et les analyses géochimiques montrent que le filon localisé à proximité du site pourrait avoir été la source de la production de fer. L’étude préliminaire des céramiques et les datations radiocarbone indiquent que le site a possiblement été occupé entre la période pré-aksumite et la période post-aksumite tardive.

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Yan, Bin, Zongyang Sun, Henry Fields, and Lin Wang. "La canine maxillaire incluse augmente le risque de résorption radiculaire des dents adjacentes : un problème de proximité anatomique." L'Orthodontie Française 86, no. 2 (June 2015): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2015014.

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Introduction : Notre objectif est d’étudier la fréquence, la localisation et l’étendue des résorptions, ainsi que les facteurs de risque de ces résorptions radiculaires associées aux canines incluses (RRACI) dans une population de patients chinois qui, contrairement aux caucasiens, présentent de façon prédominante des canines incluses en ectopie vestibulaire. Méthodes : Des cone beam (CBCT) de 170 sujets chinois (âge 12–30 ans; moyenne 14,5 ans) présentant des canines incluses (101 en position vestibulaire et 69 en position palatine) ont été comparés à ceux de 170 patients d’âge et de sexe équivalents sans canine incluse. Tous les cone beam furent analysés grâce à un logiciel par un seul évaluateur. La fréquence, la localisation et l’étendue des RRACI ont été évaluées sur les incisives centrales et latérales maxillaires, ainsi que sur la 1re prémolaire maxillaire. Afin d’identifier les facteurs de risques des RRACI, les sujets présentant des canines incluses ont été séparés en deux groupes (avec et sans résorption radiculaire). Pour chaque dent, dix variables ont été mesurées et comparées pour chaque groupe puis soumise à un test statistique de régression logique binaire. Résultats : En comparant avec le groupe contrôle et le côté indemne d’inclusion canine, les résorptions radiculaires étaient significativement plus présentes chez les sujets comportant les canines incluses et du côté de l’impaction (P < 0,001), avec un taux de prévalence respectif de 27 %, 18 % et 10 % sur l’incisive latérale maxillaire, l’incisive centrale et la 1re prémolaire. Affectant essentiellement le tiers apical, les RRACI, lorsqu’elles sont présentes, peuvent aussi atteindre la pulpe dentaire dans 36 % des incisives latérales maxillaires, 57 % des incisives centrales maxillaires et 0 % des premières prémolaires. Les différentes variables associées à la proximité radiculaire des dents adjacentes (présentant ou non des résorptions) à la canine incluse montrent des résultats différents selon les sites d’inclusion (quadrants), tandis que le stade de développement de la canine représente un facteur de risque significatif de résorption pour l’incisive centrale maxillaire et l’incisive latérale. Aucune différence significative de RRACI n’a été mise en évidence entre les sujets présentant des canines incluses en ectopie vestibulaires ou palatines. Le facteur de proximité entre la couronne de la canine et la racine dentaire, quelle qu’elle soit, représente le facteur de risque prédominant des RRACI. Une relation de proximité < 1 mm aboutissait à un taux de résorption radiculaire plus significatif comparée à une relation de proximité ≥ 1 mm. Les Odd ratios étaient de 9,9; 3,7 et 5,9 pour l’incisive latérale maxillaire, l’incisive centrale et la première prémolaire respectivement. Conclusions : Les canines maxillaires incluses augmentent le risque de résorption radiculaire des dents adjacentes (incisives et premières prémolaires). La proximité (<1 mm) entre la canine incluse et une racine adjacente est le facteur de risque de résorption radiculaire le plus significatif, que ce soit dans la population chinoise ou caucasienne.

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6

LORENZO, M. "Qu'est ce que le test de concordance de script ? Un outil d'évaluation du raisonnement clinique introduit par la réforme du deuxième cycle en France." EXERCER 32, no. 172 (April 1, 2021): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2021.172.185.

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La réforme du deuxième cycle des études médicales va introduire le test de concordance de script (TCS) parmi les outils d’évaluation du raisonnement clinique. L’objectif de cet article didactique est de présenter le principe du TCS et d’en détailler les principales modalités de conception afin de permettre aux généralistes enseignants intervenant dans le deuxième cycle des études médicales d’en concevoir des questions. Le TCS explore une sous-partie du raisonnement clinique : les processus analytiques. La particularité principale du TCS est que le score est attribué en fonction de la proximité de la réponse de l’étudiant avec celles d’un panel de référence. La deuxième partie de l’article apporte des conseils pratiques quant à la rédaction de questions, à la sélection de celles-ci et à l’utilisation du TCS.

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7

Labbé-Pinlon, Blandine, Cindy Lombart, Virginie Berger, and Didier Louis. "L’Éducation Thérapeutique en oncologie : mieux comprendre la satisfaction des patients envers leur expérience vécue." Recherches en Sciences de Gestion N° 155, no. 2 (June 19, 2023): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/resg.155.0161.

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Cette recherche propose de mieux comprendre la satisfaction des patients envers l’Education Thérapeutique en oncologie. Un test de modèle effectué sur 207 patientes (cancer du sein) confirme que l’empowerment et la proximité relationnelle en sont deux antécédents majeurs, l’attitude et le bouche-à-oreille deux conséquences importantes. Les relations sont toutefois modérées par le profil des patientes en termes de valeur perçue de l’expérience vécue. Ces résultats permettront de mieux valoriser l’Education Thérapeutique auprès des parties prenantes et de favoriser ainsi le développement de ce service de soins personnalisé et global, essentiel dans la prise en charge des maladies chroniques, mais encore limité en oncologie.

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8

Bent Mohamed, A., D. Cheikh, E. Thiam, and Philippe Jacquiet. "Diagnostic sérologique de la fasciolose bovine à Fasciola gigantica par un test Elisa en Mauritanie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 56, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2003): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9854.

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Depuis la mise en eau des barrages de Diama et de Manantali sur le fleuve Sénégal, les trématodoses du bétail, dont la fasciolose à Fasciola gigantica, ont connu une recrudescence importante. Un test de dépistage sérologique par Elisa qui utilise comme antigène les produits d’excrétion-sécrétion des douves adultes a été développé. Les résultats de ce test ont été comparés à la recherche directe de douves adultes dans les canaux biliaires chez 176 bovins abattus dans la basse vallée du fleuve. Parmi les 40 bovins porteurs de douves adultes, 39 ont été positifs en Elisa. Par ailleurs, 24 bovins ont présenté des titres en anticorps élevés sans douves adultes dans leurs canaux biliaires. Pour 22 de ces 24 animaux, l’abattage a eu lieu entre mars et juillet, période pendant laquelle les bovins s’infestent, suggérant ainsi que l’essentiel des cas de discordance entre le diagnostic par Elisa et la recherche de douves adultes provenait d’un dépistage précoce de l’infestation par la méthode Elisa. La plupart des animaux présentant une infestation monospécifique par d’autres trématodes (Schistosoma bovis ou paramphistomes) n’ont pas eu d’anticorps anti-F. gigantica. Le suivi sérologique et coproscopique d’une cohorte de veaux soumis à une infestation naturelle à proximité du fleuve Sénégal a permis de confirmer que la période d’infestation a lieu de mars à juillet. De plus, une enquête transversale sur 15 troupeaux de bovins de la basse vallée du fleuve a permis de montrer que les deux tiers de ces troupeaux étaient infestés avec des prévalences sérologiques variant de 13 à 33 p. 100

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9

Redford, John, Henri-Paul Lieurade, Maxime Gueguin, Fikri Hafid, Christine Yang, and Jean-Michel Ghidaglia. "Modélisation numérique du phénomène de fretting-fatigue intervenant dans le vieillissement des conducteurs de lignes aériennes." Matériaux & Techniques 106, no. 3 (2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2018031.

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Les travaux présentés dans cet article s’inscrivent dans un projet de R&D mis en place par RTE (Réseau de Transport d’Electricité) et visant à évaluer le vieillissement des conducteurs électriques de lignes aériennes par des outils de simulation numérique. Après avoir rappelé la géométrie de tels conducteurs et l’utilisation qui en est faite, le principal risque d’endommagement de ces derniers est présenté. Il s’agit du phénomène de fretting-fatigue intervenant à proximité des systèmes de fixation des conducteurs au niveau des pylônes, pouvant produire la rupture de brins les constituant. Ainsi, une méthodologie originale est proposée de façon à évaluer, par l’intermédiaire d’un modèle éléments finis, la durée de vie des conducteurs vis-à-vis de ce risque. Cette méthodologie est ensuite appliquée sur un cas-test dont les données proviennent de la littérature. Enfin, des perspectives sont données concernant le modèle numérique employé et l’intégration de la démarche dans le projet de R&D concerné.

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10

Lapostolle, A., J. Vallée, V. Massari, and P. Chauvin. "Le recours au test volontaire de dépistage VIH : étudier le rôle de la proximité aux médecins de ville et aux centres de dépistage anonyme et gratuit, Île-de-France." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 61 (October 2013): S332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.436.

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11

Cassi, Lorenzo, Andrea Morrison, and Roberta Rabellotti. "Proximity and Scientific Collaboration: Evidence from the Global Wine Industry." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 106, no. 2 (January 13, 2015): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12137.

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12

Sernelius, Bo E., and C. E. Román-Velázquez. "Test of the Proximity Force Approximation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 161 (April 1, 2009): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/161/1/012016.

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13

Folton, Nathalie, Éric Martin, Patrick Arnaud, and Mathieu Tolsa. "Cinquante ans de processus hydrologiques observés dans des petits bassins versants méditerranéens : vers une raréfaction de la ressource en eau ?" La Houille Blanche, no. 5 (October 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020048.

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L'observatoire hydrologique du Réal Collobrier situé dans le sud-est de la France à proximité du littoral méditerranéen (massif des Maures) et géré par Irstea depuis 1966, constitue un site de référence en hydro-climatologie régionale. En raison du réseau dense de mesures des pluies et des débits, ce site offre une occasion unique d'évaluer les tendances hydrométéorologiques méditerranéennes à long terme. La végétation est composée de forêts principalement calcifuges sur des sols cristallins (maquis de bruyère, chêne-liège, pin maritime et châtaignier). L'influence humaine directe a été négligeable au cours des 50 dernières années. L'occupation du sol est demeurée presque inchangée, à l'exception notable d'un incendie de forêt en 1990 qui a touché un petit sous-bassin hydrographique. Par conséquent, les changements dans la réponse hydrologique des bassins versants sont causés par des changements dans les conditions climatiques et/ou physiques. Cette étude examine les changements sur la période d'observation de 50 ans, à l'aide de séries de précipitations et de débits. L'analyse utilise plusieurs indices climatiques décrivant des modes de variabilité distincts, à des échelles de temps interannuelles et saisonnières. Des indices hydrologiques décrivant les épisodes de sécheresse, en particulier en termes de durée et de sévérité sont également utilisés. Les tendances sont évaluées à l'aide du test statistique de Mann-Kendall. L'analyse montre qu'il existe une tendance marquée à la diminution des ressources en eau du bassin versant en réponse aux tendances climatiques, avec une augmentation de la sévérité et de la durée de la sécheresse. Mais les changements sont variables d'un sous-bassin à l'autre en fonction de leur propre fonctionnement hydrologique.

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He, Canfei, Shengjun Zhu, Xuqian Hu, and Yunxiong Li. "Proximity Matters: Inter‐Regional Knowledge Spillovers and Regional Industrial Diversification in China." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 110, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12345.

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15

Páger, Balázs. "Proximity and localization at the heart of regional science." Tér és Társadalom 36, no. 3 (August 23, 2022): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.36.3.3456.

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16

Bouheniche, Salaheddine, and Bénina Touaibia. "Modélisation numérique du transport solide du système « barrage - cours d’eau, transport - déposition » : cas du barrage de Sidi Mohamed Ben Aouda (SMBA) sur l’oued Mina, en zone semi-aride." Revue des sciences de l’eau 26, no. 1 (March 18, 2013): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014916ar.

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Résumé Les besoins en eau, en perpétuelle croissance, nécessitent une mobilisation des eaux de surface. La construction de barrages, menacés par un envasement précoce, nécessite une exploitation rationnelle, moyennant des outils d’aide à la quantification et à la prédiction des dépôts de sédiments. Ainsi, le comblement des retenues peut être simulé pour différentes périodes d’exploitation. La maîtrise du processus transport-déposition des sédiments, constitue un centre d’intérêt vers lequel convergent plusieurs approches : prédiction, modélisation stochastique et modélisations mathématique et physique. De multiples interactions existent entre les matériaux solides formant le lit, ceux transportés à proximité du fond et ceux se trouvant en suspension, se traduisant par divers modes de transport. Cette contribution présente un modèle numérique qui se prête au calcul par ordinateur dont le comportement morphologique du lit d’un cours d’eau peut être facilement simulé. Les étapes de son élaboration sont décrites avec détail, le code de calcul ainsi produit est mis en valeur sur un site test de validation. Un tronçon de 17 km est étudié, entre un barrage en exploitation et une station hydrométrique, sise à l’amont de celui-ci avec une bathymétrie à l’appui. Le transport solide dans le cours d’eau naturel est représenté par un système d’équations unidimensionnelles décrivant un mélange Eau-Sédiment et traduisant les lois de conservation. La méthode utilisée aux différences finies est appliquée, avec un schéma implicite. Elle est du premier ordre en temps et du deuxième ordre en espace. Les équations des écoulements à surface libre, en régime non permanent et graduellement varié, sont utilisées qui, associées à l’équation de continuité solide, forment le système de Saint-Venant-Exner. Une formule de charriage est utilisée pour exprimer le débit solide. Les résultats obtenus expliquent la contribution du transport solide par charriage dans le comblement de la retenue d’un barrage étudié en zone semi-aride.

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17

Pan, V. Y. "A new proximity test for polynomial zeros." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 41, no. 12 (June 2001): 1559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0898-1221(01)00120-1.

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18

Ghaffary, Cameron, Tamer Dafashy, Christopher David Kosarek, Zhigang Duan, Brian F. Chapin, Karim Chamie, Simon P. Kim, et al. "Impact of proximity to NCI- and NCCN-designated cancer centers on outcomes for patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017, no. 1_suppl (February 20, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.14.2017.1.test.

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19

Dutta, Arpita, Amit Jha, and Rajib Mall. "MuSim: Mutation-based Fault Localization Using Test Case Proximity." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 05 (May 2021): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500212.

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Fault localization techniques aim to localize faulty statements using the information gathered from both passed and failed test cases. We present a mutation-based fault localization technique called MuSim. MuSim identifies the faulty statement based on its computed proximity to different mutants. We study the performance of MuSim by using four different similarity metrics. To satisfactorily measure the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we present a new evaluation metric called Mut_Score. Based on this metric, on an average, MuSim is 33.21% more effective than existing fault localization techniques such as DStar, Tarantula, Crosstab, Ochiai.

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20

Jarjoura, G. Roger, and Ruth A. Triplett. "Delinquency and class: A test of the proximity principle." Justice Quarterly 14, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 763–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829700093581.

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21

Ellwanger, Nils, and Ron Boschma. "Who Acquires Whom? The Role of Geographical Proximity and Industrial Relatedness in Dutch Domestic M&As between 2002 and 2008." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 106, no. 5 (March 5, 2015): 608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12141.

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22

Alfia Fadri, Rince, Sri Kembaryanti Putri, Yenni Muchrida, Rilma Novita, Salvia Salvia, and Mimi Harni. "Proximate and Organoleptic Test of Strawberries Wet Noodle." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 3, no. 3 (2013): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.3.3.321.

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23

PIETRYKA, MATTHEW T., and DONALD A. DEBATS. "It’s Not Just What You Have, but Who You Know: Networks, Social Proximity to Elites, and Voting in State and Local Elections." American Political Science Review 111, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541600071x.

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Individual-level studies of electoral turnout and vote choice have focused largely on personal attributes as explanatory variables. We argue that scholars should also consider the social network in which individuals are embedded, which may influence voting through variation in individuals’ social proximity to elites. Our analysis rests on newly discovered historical records revealing the individual votes of all electors in the 1859 statewide elections in Alexandria, Virginia and the 1874 municipal elections in Newport, Kentucky, paired with archival work identifying the social relations of the cities’ populations. We also replicate our core findings using survey data from a modern municipal election. We show that individuals more socially proximate to elites turn out at a higher rate and individuals more socially proximate to a given political party’s elites vote disproportionately for that party. These results suggest an overlooked social component of voting and provide a rare nineteenth-century test of modern voting theories.

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24

Yen, D., L. W. Linholm, and W. B. Glendinning. "An Electrical Test Structure for Proximity Effects Measurement and Correction." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2114200.

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25

Tsiamis, Andreas, Stewart Smith, Martin McCallum, Andrew Hourd, Tom Stevenson, and Anthony J. Walton. "Electrical Test Structures for the Characterization of Optical Proximity Correction." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 25, no. 2 (May 2012): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2011.2181669.

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26

Zheng, Yao, Ming Li, Wenjing Lou, and Y. Thomas Hou. "Location Based Handshake and Private Proximity Test with Location Tags." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 14, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2015.2472529.

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27

Lategan, Louis, Juaneé Cilliers, Zinea Huston, Nadia Blaauw, and Sarel Cilliers. "Economic Assessment of South African Urban Green Spaces Using the Proximity Principle: Municipal Valuation vs. Market Value." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4407.

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<p>Urban green spaces (UGSs) deliver ecosystem services and potential economic benefits like increases in proximate residential property prices. The proximity principle (PP) premises that property prices increase as distance to UGS decreases. The PP has generally been confirmed by studies using municipal valuations and market values internationally. Conversely, South African studies have mostly employed municipal valuations and results have rejected the PP. There is an accepted interrelationship, but also often discrepancies, between municipal valuations and market values, presenting scope for this article to explore whether negative results are confirmed when market values replace municipal valuations in PP studies in the South African context. Accordingly, a statistical analysis of market values is completed in the Potchefstroom case study, where five test sites are replicated from studies that employed municipal valuations for longitudinal comparison. Results verify generally higher market values than municipal valuations and confirm the PP in two, but reject the PP in three, of five test sites. Previous studies employing municipal valuations in the case study confirmed the PP in one instance, thus presenting certain, but limited, inconsistencies between findings based on municipal valuation vs. market value. Results suggest that the market’s willingness to pay for UGS proximity is sensitive to the ecosystem services and disservices rendered by specific UGS, but not significantly more than reflected in municipal valuations. Overall, findings underscore the need to protect and curate features that encourage willingness to pay for UGS proximity to increase municipal valuations and property taxes to help finance urban greening.</p>

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28

Wulandari, Cici, Budaraga IK, Wellyalina Wellyalina, and Napassawan Liamnimitr. "PROXIMATE TEST AND ORGANOLEPTIC TEST ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORINGA LAYER CAKE." Andalasian International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) 1, no. 01 (October 6, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijans.v1.i01.9-17.2020.

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Tradisional food from Indonesian that is a layer cake. Layer cake is usually made in with many variant colour. Beside that a layer cake made by rice powder, wheat powder, and starch powder. The taste is chewy, legit, and sweet making this cake liked by all circles. The purpose is to know a quality of layer cake with adding moringa leaf powder and adding moringa leaf powder with treatmet 5 test and 3 times test. The resull of analysis using anova with test and continve test Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMNRT). The resull showing if adding moringa leaf power have infiuence with a layer cake quality and adding moringa leaf power in organoleptik fase into a layer cake is two percent (2%).

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Markowitz, Jonathan N., and Christopher J. Fariss. "Power, proximity, and democracy." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317727328.

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Why do only some powerful states choose to develop power projection capabilities? To answer this question, we test the proposition that states choose to develop power projection capabilities when they face a competitive geopolitical environment. This proposition is derived from our theory, which is used to construct a new measure of the level of geopolitical competition that every state in the system faces. This measure incorporates each state’s relative geographic position to every other state in the international system, the relative amount of economic power of those other states, and the degree to which their interests are compatible. We then apply this unique country-year measure to test the proposition that competitive environments are associated with the development of power projection capabilities, as measured by the tonnage of naval ships maintained by each country in each year. We demonstrate that our measure helps explain the degree to which states choose to invest in power projection capabilities. This provides an explanation for why the world has been economically multipolar, but military unipolar, for the past quarter century, and why this might change in the future, as rising powers with incompatible interests are increasing their investment in power projection capabilities.

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Grimson, R. C., and R. D. Rose. "A Versatile Test for Clustering and a Proximity Analysis of Neurons." Methods of Information in Medicine 30, no. 04 (1991): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634843.

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Abstract:A test for nonrandom patterns in populations of “cells” of binary attributes is formulated for applications in settings where it is impossible or impractical to completely specify the adjacency matrix, as in circumstances involving enormous numbers of cells and/or censored data. Applications are made to problems concerning spatial distributions of specially labeled cells in nervous system research.

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Aan Den Toorn, Joop, Christopher L. Holloway, John M. Ladbury, Chih-Ming Wang, and Kate A. Remley. "Proximity-effect test for lossy wireless-device measurements in reverberation chambers." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 9, no. 5 (August 1, 2015): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2014.0282.

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&NA;. "The Effect of Test Proximity and Induced Refractive Error on Stereoacuity." Optometry and Vision Science 64, no. 5 (May 1987): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198705000-00014.

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Basa, S., J. C. Clemens, M. Commerçon, D. Sauvage, S. Tisserant, and J. M. Gaillard. "Test results of the first Proximity Focused Hybrid Photodiode Detector prototypes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 330, no. 1-2 (June 1993): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)91308-a.

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Erlich, Aaron, and Calvin Garner. "Subgroup Differences in Implicit Associations and Explicit Attitudes during Wartime." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab005.

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Abstract When their country is at war, individuals express support for their government and hostility toward the foreign adversary, leading to the “rally ′round the flag” effect. What is less understood is how, during a rally, ethnic identity and proximity to conflict relate to attitudes toward the home state and the adversary. Moreover, individuals may feel pressure to answer patriotically when asked about the conflict, particularly individuals who share an ethnic identity with the majority population of the foreign adversary, leading to biased measures of opinion. We study these dynamics in the context of Ukraine's ongoing war with Russia, comparing responses from self-identified ethnic Ukrainians and Russians in four cities in Ukraine. Using a lab-based implicit association test (IAT) and survey with 600 respondents, we examine whether respondents’ implicit biases, reflexive preferences that are hard to manipulate, match their explicitly stated preferences for either Ukraine or Russia. We find that, on average, ethnic Ukrainians and Russians in Ukraine are explicitly and implicitly pro-Ukraine, although we observe slightly lower levels of pro-Ukraine bias among ethnic Russians. We also find that 70 percent of those who are implicitly pro-Russia are explicitly neutral or pro-Ukraine, highlighting the need to study implicit associations in sensitive settings. Cuando un país está en guerra, la población expresa su apoyo al gobierno y hostilidad hacia el adversario extranjero, lo cual produce el efecto de “agruparse alrededor de la la bandera” [“rally ‘round the flag”]. Lo que no se comprende bien es la manera en que, durante una agrupación alrededor de la bandera, la identidad étnica y la proximidad al conflicto se relacionan con ciertas actitudes hacia el estado local y el adversario. Además, las personas pueden sentirse presionadas para responder de forma patriótica cuando se les pregunta acerca del conflicto, en particular aquellas que comparten una identidad étnica con la mayoría de la población del adversario extranjero, algo que da lugar a medidas de opinión sesgadas. Estudiamos estas dinámicas en el contexto de la guerra actual entre Ucrania y Rusia, comparando respuestas de ucranianos y rusos autoidentificados étnicamente en cuatro ciudades de Ucrania. Utilizando una prueba de asociación implícita (implicit association test, IAT) de laboratorio y una encuesta con 600 participantes, examinamos si los sesgos implícitos (preferencias reflexivas que son difíciles de manipular) de los encuestados coinciden con sus preferencias expresadas, ya sea a favor de Ucrania o de Rusia. Descubrimos que, en promedio, las personas de origen étnico ucraniano y ruso en Ucrania están explícita e implícitamente a favor de Ucrania, aunque observamos niveles levemente más bajos de sesgo a favor de Ucrania en personas de origen étnico ruso. Además, observamos que el 70 percent de aquellas personas que están implícitamente a favor de Rusia están explícitamente a favor de Ucrania o tienen una postura neutral, lo cual resalta la necesidad de estudiar asociaciones implícitas en entornos sensibles. Lorsque leur pays est en guerre, les individus expriment leur soutien pour leur gouvernement et leur hostilité envers l'opposant étranger, ce qui mène à un effet de « ralliement autour du drapeau ». Cependant, ce qui est moins compris, c'est la mesure dans laquelle l'identité ethnique et la proximité du conflit ont un lien avec les attitudes envers l’État de résidence et l'opposant durant ce ralliement. De plus, les individus peuvent ressentir une pression les poussant à répondre patriotiquement lorsqu'ils sont interrogés sur le conflit, particulièrement les individus qui partagent l'identité ethnique de la majorité de la population de l'opposant étranger, ce qui mène à des mesures d'opinion biaisées. Nous étudions ces dynamiques dans le contexte du conflit continu entre l'Ukraine et la Russie en comparant les réponses d'individus qui s'identifient d'eux-mêmes ethniquement en tant que Russes ou qu'Ukrainiens dans quatre villes d'Ukraine. Nous utilisons un test d'association implicite mené en laboratoire et une enquête sur 600 participants pour examiner si les préjugés implicites des participants, des préférences réflexives difficiles à manipuler, correspondent à leurs préférences explicitement déclarées envers l'Ukraine ou la Russie. Nous avons constaté qu'en moyenne, les Ukrainiens et Russes ethniques vivant en Ukraine étaient explicitement et implicitement pro-Ukraine, bien que nous ayons observé des niveaux de préférences pro-Ukraine légèrement inférieurs chez les Russes ethniques. Nous avons également découvert que 70 percent des personnes qui étaient implicitement pro-Russie étaient explicitement neutres ou pro-Ukraine, ce qui met en évidence le besoin d’étudier les associations implicites dans les environnements sensibles.

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Wang, Jia, and James M. Raymo. "Household income and child well-being in Japan: The role of grandparental coresidence and residential proximity." Chinese Journal of Sociology 6, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 286–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x20907165.

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In this study, we examined whether and how the income gradient in child well-being may vary by grandparental coresidence and proximate residence in Japan, a country characterized by a high prevalence of intergenerational proximity and intensive family investment in children’s development. Using data from the Japan Child Panel Survey, we first demonstrated that household income is positively associated with multiple dimensions of children’s well-being, a relationship that was particularly strong for cognitive skills. We also found that children from lower-income families were more likely to coreside with grandparents than their counterparts from middle- and higher-income families, and that children from both lower- and higher-income families had similar likelihoods of living near their grandparents. However, children in lower- and higher-income families who coresided with grandparents had lower math and Japanese test scores than those living at a distance. These relationships resulted in smaller income gradients in test scores for children coresiding with grandparents and near their grandparents, relative to those whose grandparents lived farther away. International comparisons showed that the income gradient in children’s academic performance is largest in the US and smallest in urban China, with Japan being in the middle, and that multigenerational coresidence is generally associated with worse cognitive outcomes for children in both lower- and higher-income families across these three very different contexts. These findings provide new insights into the complex ways in which intergenerational proximity is related to economic disparities in children’s well-being.

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Sari, A. M., and AB Syamsudin. "Effect of tofu waste flour composition to hedonic test level and proximate test of Bread." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 674 (November 14, 2019): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/674/1/012012.

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Newport, Mary Ellen A. "A Test for Proximity-Dependent Outcrossing in the Alpine Skypilot, Polemonium viscosum." Evolution 43, no. 5 (August 1989): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409590.

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Newport, Mary Ellen A. "A TEST FOR PROXIMITY-DEPENDENT OUTCROSSING IN THE ALPINE SKYPILOT, POLEMONIUM VISCOSUM." Evolution 43, no. 5 (August 1989): 1110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02555.x.

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39

Paiva, Gabrielle Chequer de Castro, Mariana Braga Fialho, Danielle de Souza Costa, and Jonas Jardim de Paula. "Ecological validity of the five digit test and the oral trails test." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 74, no. 1 (November 24, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150184.

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ABSTRACT Tests evaluating the attentional-executive system are widely used in clinical practice. However, proximity of an objective cognitive test with real-world situations (ecological validity) is not frequently investigated. The present study evaluate the association between measures of the Five Digit Test (FDT) and the Oral Trails Test (OTT) with self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life as measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Brazilian adults from 18-to-65 years old voluntarily performed the FDT and OTT tests and reported the frequency of cognitive failures in their everyday life through the CFQ. After controlling for the age effect, the measures of controlled attentional processes were associated with cognitive failures, yet the cognitive flexibility of both FDT and OTT accounted for by the majority of variance in most aspects of the CFQ factors. The FDT and the OTT measures were predictive of real-world problems such as cognitive failures in everyday activities/situations.

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40

Utev, Dmitry A., Irina V. Borisova, and Valery P. Yushchenko. "ANALYSIS OF ROTATION AND SCALE INVARIANCE FOR PROXIMITY MEASURES IN TARGET DETECTION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 8, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-8-2-100-106.

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The problem of stability of object detection in images using proximity measures is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the degree of invariance of various proximity measures for detecting objects by reference when rotating and zooming the scanned image. The proximity measure that is most resistant to these geometric transformations of the image is found out. The proximity measures are analyzed: correlation, comparison, Chamfer Distance. The target location is based on the coordinates of the extremum of the target function. Modeling is performed in the Matlab software package. A database of thirty television images was created to test the proximity measures. Test images contain the required objects and imitations of both complex and simple backgrounds. It was determined that all considered proximity measures steadily determine the target with small turns and scaling factors.

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Polignano, Maria Luisa, Isabella Mica, Elena Cazzini, Monica Ceresoli, Davide Codegoni, Felice Russo, Giuseppe Moccia, et al. "Proximity Gettering of Slow Diffuser Contaminants." Solid State Phenomena 205-206 (October 2013): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.205-206.271.

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In this paper, we test proximity gettering layers obtained by carbon or silicon implantation for their efficiency in molybdenum and tungsten gettering. DLTS was used to measure the impurity concentration in the solid solution and so to evaluate gettering efficiency. It was found that carbon implantation is effective in capturing these impurities, whereas silicon implantation is not. Extended defects seem not to play an important role in gettering these impurities. In addition, gettering was found to be most effective at high impurity concentration.

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Caon, Alex, Francesco Branz, and Alessandro Francesconi. "Development and test of a robotic arm for experiments on close proximity operations." Acta Astronautica 195 (June 2022): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.006.

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43

Han, Myeong-Jin, Paul M. Bummer, and Michael Jay. "Solid scintillation proximity membranes. II. Use in wipe test assays for radioactive contamination." Journal of Membrane Science 148, no. 2 (September 1998): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(98)00174-4.

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44

Asrianti, Nadia Putri, Fahrudin Fahrudin, Damora Rhakasywi, and Budhi Martana. "Analysis of Calorific Value of Biopellet Diameter Variations through Proximate Test." Journal La Multiapp 5, no. 4 (August 31, 2024): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v5i4.1516.

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This study aims to evaluate the quality of biopellets as biomass energy fuel, focusing on physical and chemical characteristics based on the SNI 8021:2014 standard. The research method used is experimental with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The raw materials used are a mixture of rambutan wood waste (Nephelium lappaceum L) and bintaro (Cerbera manghas) with tapioca flour as an organic binder. Testing includes proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon) and calorific value using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The results show that the produced biopellets meet several parameters of the SNI 8021:2014 standard, such as moisture content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. However, there is significant variation in ash test results among different diameters of biopellets tested. ANOVA test results indicate that mold diameter has a notation that has a significantly affect several biopellet characteristics, such as density and calorific value. This study also observed the potential for increased combustion efficiency of the produced biopellets. The results indicate that the raw material mixture used can reduce pollutant emissions during combustion. The conclusion of this study is that the use of a mixture of rambutan wood waste and bintaro with tapioca flour as an organic binder can produce biopellets with quality that meets standards for biomass energy applications.

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Zhang, Zhiqun, Hui Zhang, Xue Yang, and Sharoyer Hossen Ferdous. "Research on the Enterprise Collaborative Innovation Performance in the Economic Circle of Chengdu-Chongqing from the Perspective of Proximity." E3S Web of Conferences 409 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340903004.

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Based on the perspective of proximity, in the context of the Economic Circle of Chengdu-Chongqing of China, we use invention patent data provided by the China National Intellectual Property Administration and conduct negative binomial models to empirically test the impact of multidimensional proximity on enterprise collaborative innovation performance. We further examine the moderating effect of enterprise innovation capacity on the relationship between multidimensional proximity and enterprise collaborative innovation performance. The results show that technological proximity, geographical proximity, and institutional proximity all positively affect enterprise collaborative innovation performance. Enterprise innovation capability has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between institutional proximity and enterprise collaborative innovation performance, but it cannot negatively moderate the positive effects of technological proximity and geographical proximity on enterprise collaborative innovation performance.

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Okurut, Emmanuel. "‘But For’ Test in Proving Causation in Insurance Claims in Uganda." Strathmore Law Journal 7, no. 1 (October 15, 2023): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v7i1.211.

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Causation in insurance law refers to the cause-and-effect relationship between an event and the resulting loss or damage. Causation is an important concept because it determines whether an insured party is entitled to coverage under a particular policy. There are several legal principles that are used to evaluate causation in insurance disputes, including the proximate cause rule and the ‘but for’ test. The ‘but for’ test, which inquires whether the loss would not have occurred ‘but for’ the occurrence of the covered event, has been criticized for its oversimplification of the causation analysis and its failure to adequately consider the complex causal chain that often underlies loss. In addition, the ‘but for’ test tends to draw a number of false negatives while taking into account certain irrelevant considerations. In contrast, the proximate cause rule, which requires that the covered event be the primary cause of the loss or damage, offers a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to causation analysis. It considers the full range of factors that may have contributed to the loss or damage and allows for a more flexible and context-specific analysis of causation. This article argued that the ‘but for’ test is an unreliable method for proving causation in insurance law and that the proximate cause rule is more appropriate. This article concluded that the proximate cause rule is a more reliable method for proving causation in insurance law and should be adopted as the standard for determining coverage under an insurance policy.

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Schneckenburger, Herbert, Petra Weber, Michael Wagner, Sandra Enderle, Bernd Kalthof, Linn Schneider, Claudia Herzog, Julian Weghuber, and Peter Lanzerstorfer. "Combining TIR and FRET in Molecular Test Systems." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030648.

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Pharmaceutical agents or drugs often have a pronounced impact on protein-protein interactions in cells, and in particular, cell membranes. Changes of molecular conformations as well as of intermolecular interactions may affect dipole-dipole interaction between chromophoric groups, which can be proven by measuring the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). If these chromophores are located within or in close proximity to the plasma membrane, they are excited preferentially by an evanescent electromagnetic wave upon total internal reflection (TIR) of an incident laser beam. For the TIR-FRET screening of larger cell collectives, we performed three separate steps: (1) setting up of a membrane associated test system for probing the interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; (2) use of the Epac-SH188 sensor for quantitative evaluation under the microscope; and (3) application of a TIR fluorescence reader to probe the interaction of GFP with Nile Red. In the first two steps, we measured FRET from cyan (CFP) to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) by spectral analysis and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) upon illumination of whole cells (epi-illumination) as well as selective illumination of their plasma membranes by TIR. In particular, TIR excitation permitted FRET measurements with high sensitivity and low background. The Epac sensor showed a more rapid response to pharmaceutical agents, e.g., Forskolin or the A2B adenosine receptor agonist NECA, in close proximity to the plasma membrane compared to the cytosol. Finally, FRET from a membrane associated GFP to Nile Red was used to test a multi-well TIR fluorescence reader with simultaneous detection of a larger number of samples.

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van Tessel, Evi, and Marco Bril. "French as a foreign language in the Netherlands." Linguistics in the Netherlands 38 (October 29, 2021): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00056.tes.

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Abstract Exposure to English is more extensive in today’s society than to French. In this study we investigated crosslinguistic influences from Dutch and/or English to language performances in French as a foreign language, while controlling for language proficiency in French, English and Dutch, and exposure to English. We tested Dutch learners of French (n = 65) with respect to the acceptability of reduced relative clauses and attachment preferences in full relative clauses. The results showed crosslinguistic influence in the acceptability task and the preference task from English and Dutch respectively. Furthermore, language proficiency in English seems to affect attachment preferences in French. We concluded that these findings support the Linguistic Proximity Model (Westergaard et al. 2017) and that French in Dutch secondary education might be a third language, instead of a second language.

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Amalia, Indrian Rizka, Abidin Nur, Lisa Ruliaty, and Ratna Indria Sari. "Growth Test of Marine Microalgae Porphyridium cruentum in Different Salinity on Small Scale Culture." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 9693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5301.

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This study aimed to know the growth response and proximate value of Porphyridium cruentum cultured in different salinities of 30 ppt, 15 ppt and 0 ppt. Culture media of 30 ppt and 15 ppt salinity were prepared with sterile seawater, while 0 ppt was from sterile aquades. Fertilizer used was KW21 (Daiichi Seimo Co., Ltd., Kumamoto, Japan) with a dose of 1 ml.l-1. All treatments were cultured for 11 days or until the cell reached exponential-stationer phase, then being growth observed and proximate analyzed. The result showed that all treatments gave the same growth pattern. Control 30 ppt had the highest cell density compare to treatments 0 ppt and 15 ppt, while 0 ppt had higher cell density to 15 ppt. The result of ANOVA (95% of significancy) showed that there was no significant different of cell density with value of 0.232. Proximate analysis showed that all treatments had high water content above 95%. The highest value of energy, carbohydrates and crude fiber were found in 0 ppt treatment, while the highest value of protein and ash were found in 30 ppt. The result from ANOVA showed that there was significant difference in proximate value with significancy less than 0.05

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Park, JeeWoong, Eric Marks, Yong K. Cho, and Willy Suryanto. "Performance Test of Wireless Technologies for Personnel and Equipment Proximity Sensing in Work Zones." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 1 (January 2016): 04015049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001031.

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