Academic literature on the topic 'Test 3F'
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Journal articles on the topic "Test 3F"
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Akhtar, Muhammad Shoaib, Aziz-Ur Rehman, Haroon Arshad, Abdul Malik, Muheer Fatima, Tahira Tabassum, Abdul Rauf Raza, et al. "In Vitro Antioxidant Activities and the Therapeutic Potential of Some Newly Synthesized Chalcones Against 4-Acetaminophenol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats." Dose-Response 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 155932582199695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325821996955.
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The lack of safety and efficacy of existing hepatoprotective agents urge the need to explore novel hepatoprotective agents. The research work was planned to study the therapeutic potential of some newly synthesized chalcones against 4-acetaminophenol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats (N = 30) were divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each i.e. group I; Toxic control (4-acetaminophenol), group II; normal control (Normal saline), group III; Positive control (silymarin; 50 mg/kg bw) and groups IV-VI (test groups) treated with 3 chalcone analogues i-e 3a, 3f & 3 g (100, 150, 150 mg/kg bw, respectively). All the study group animals were administered with 4-acetaminophenol to induce hepatotoxicity except normal control. Following hepatotoxicity induction, test group animals were administered with selected doses of test compounds and toxic group animals left untreated. Liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and serum bilirubin were determined photometrically. Antioxidant activities of test compounds were also determined. Histopathological examination of liver biopsies was also carried out through H & E staining. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) significantly decreased the levels of liver enzymes and serum bilirubin toward normal and the pattern of results in the test group animals were comparable to silymarin administered animals indicating the hepatoprotective potential of test compounds. Moreover, the test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) antagonized the effect of 4-acetaminophenol and thus, raised the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) in experimental animals. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) on histological examination of liver showed improvement of tissue morphology. The study concluded that the tested compounds have antioxidant potential and may act as hepatoprotective agent. However, in-depth studies are required to validate their safety and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action.
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Robin, Nicolas, Guillaume R. Coudevylle, Aymeric Guillot, and Lucette Toussaint. "French translation and validation of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-third version (MIQ-3f)." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 108 (2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019035.
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Objectives: Imagery ability is a variable influencing the effectiveness of imagery practice that can be estimated by means of questionnaires. Among them, the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, translated and validated in French, is widely used by French speakers. However, it does not allow for the distinction between the two visual imagery perspectives (internal vs. external). The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 has been recently proposed in the English literature to differentiate between the ease of performing internal visual, external visual and kinesthetic imagery. The aim of this study was to translate and validate a French version of this questionnaire (MIQ-3f). Method: We examined the validity of constructs, internal consistency, and test-retest inter-rate reliability of the visual and kinesthetic items of the MIQ-3f in 272 healthy participants (Mage = 20.26 years, SD = 1.73). Results: The internal consistency (composite reliability scores ≥ 0.88 for the three subscales) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.87 for visual internal imagery, 0.86 for visual external imagery, and 0.88 for kinesthetic imagery) of the MIQ-3f were satisfactory. The three-factor structure (with 4 items for each factor) was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The MIQ-3f appears to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to assess imagery ability in French speakers.
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Sarkar, Biplab, and Anirudh Pradhan. "Choice of appropriate beam model and gantry rotational angle for low-dose gradient-based craniospinal irradiation using volumetric-modulated arc therapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146039691600042x.
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AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to assess the impact of advanced multileaf collimator (MLC) models and flattening filter-free (3F) beam in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-based craniospinal irradiation (CSI).MethodsCT scans of five medulloblastoma patients who previously received CSI at our hospital were used for the present study. Patients were planned for a prescription dose of 35 Gy to craniospinal axis. A three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plan and a VMAT plan using 1 cm MLC leaf width were generated as the gold standard (reference arm). Test VMAT plans were generated using Agility MLC model (MLC leaf width 5 mm) for various combinations of flattened beam (F) and 3F beam for treating the brain and spine planning target volume (PTV). Organs at risks (OARs) were analysed for dose 5, 50, 75 and 90% volumes, mean dose and maximum dose.ResultsAll 3DCRT plans and VMAT plans were aimed to cover 95% of PTV by at least 95% prescription dose. VMAT demonstrated lesser dose spillage than 3DCRT to body volume minus PTV (NTID: non tumor integral dose) for a dose threshold above 7·5 Gy. For the low-dose range (1–7 Gy), variation between the dose coverage between all VMAT plans (for either spine or brain PTV) was <1%. Intra-VMAT plan dose variation for all OAR’s for all tested parameters was <1 Gy. Average monitor unit (MU) difference among different VMAT plans ranged between 1·52 and 2·13 when normalised to 3DCRT MU. For VMAT plans, flat beam with 1 cm MLC showed the highest MU, whereas Agility MLC with 3F beam had the least MU values for intra-VMAT plans. No statistical significance variation (p) was observed in between reference arm and test arm plans except for mean dose and V107% for PTV spine. When compared between reference arm 3DCRT and test arm VMAT plans. For OAR’s, no statistical difference was observed between reference and test arm VMAT plans.ConclusionsReference arm plans and test arm plans exhibit no statistically significant difference. However, as compared with 3DCRT, VMAT plans are more conformal and produce lesser dose to OAR at the cost of higher delivered MU. 3F beams or finer width MLC’s (width <5 mm) have no advantage over the conventional 1 cm MLC and flat beam except that 3F beams have a shorter beam delivery time. This study demonstrate a significantly lesser spillage dose to NTID/body that of the reported literature, which is attributed to limited rotational arc length used for VMAT plans.
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Mishra, Shweta, Debashree Das, Adarsh Sahu, Ekta Verma, Shailendra Patil, Ram Kishore Agarwal, and Asmita Gajbhiye. "Electronegativity in Substituted-4(H)-quinazolinones Causes Anxiolysis without a Sedative-hypnotic Adverse Reaction in Female Wistar Rats." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524920666191220112545.
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Objectives: In the current study, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacology of quinazolinone tethered with aromatic (3a-3i) and heteroaromatic substitution (3j, 3k, and 3l) as effective anxiolytic agents are reported. Background: Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with neurological as well as other medical maladies. Clinically known anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines) are accompanied by untoward sedation and other CNS depressive actions. The quinazolinone moiety is a privileged pharmacophore with a wide pharmacological spectrum. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacological evaluation of some 2-substituted quinazolinone derivatives are reported. Methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR and TLC analysis. Behavioral analysis was performed using EPM (Elevated Plus Maze), OFT (Open Field Test), PIST (Pentobarbital Induced Sleep Test), FST (Forced Swim Test) and PCPA (p-chlorophenyl alanine) bioassay. To further justify the therapeutic claim, systemic and neurotoxicological analysis of the most potent members of the series was performed using OECD mandated protocols. The studies showed that the compounds had a wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg and >500 mg/kg LD50 and NOAEL, respectively. Results: The compounds with an electronegative group in the quinazolinone nucleus (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) induced anxiolysis devoid of sedative adverse reaction. Besides, anti-depressant efficacy of 3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c observed in rodents was a result of a decrease in anxiety level. It was found that the neurotoxicology of the potent members (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) advocated their wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg LD50 and >5000 mg/kg NOAEL. Conclusion: Our findings of behavioral bioassays revealed that inducing an electronegative group into the quinazolinone nucleus yielded the most potent members of the series (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c). The said compounds were found to produce anxiolysis and anti-depressive action without sedative-hypnotic side effects in rodent models. In summary, it can be stated that extending the studies in a clinical setting would furbish the contours of current anxiolytic therapy, especially in anxiety comorbid with medical maladies.
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Andreeva-Gateva, P., J. Tchekalarova, K. Kamenova, M. Strokova-Stoilova, S. Chakar, R. Hadjiolova, V. T. Angelova, and Sl Surcheva. "Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in Indole Derivative Treated Mice: Neuropharmacological Perspectives." Acta Medica Bulgarica 48, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2021-0004.
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Abstract Aim/objective. When applied in pharmacological doses, the indole derivative melatonin exhibits neuroactive and neuroprotective effects. Indoles and their metabolites, such as kynurenine, are ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). This study aimed to evaluate the antiepileptic and analgesic activity of melatonin and two synthetic melatonin derivatives. The possible involvement of AhR and kynurenine in their neuropharmacological effects were also tested. Methods. The tested substances were: melatonin, two melatonin derivatives bearing aryl hydrocarbon moiety with either furyl or thienyl substitute (3e and 3f), and alpha naphthoflavone (ANF), an antagonist of AhR. After intraperitoneal injection of 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of the tested agents for seven days, male mice ICR (25-30 g) were subjected to a corneal kindling seizure model. Two tests for analgesia, i.e., the hot plate test and the formalin test, were also applied. AhR and kynurenine concentrations were evaluated in brain homogenates. Results. Substances 3e and 3f demonstrated an antiepileptic activity comparable to that of melatonin. Some analgesic activity was also shown, albeit lower than that of melatonin in equivalent doses. For melatonin and 3f treated mice, dose-dependent increases in AhR and kynurenine levels in brain homogenates were recorded. The antagonist ANF neither blocks the antiseizure activity of the tested indoles, nor demonstrated analgesic activity. Conclusion. Melatonin and the two tested melatonin-aroylhydrazone derivatives bearing either furyl or thienyl substitute exhibit antiepileptic and analgesic activity. Our results did not support the involvement of AhR in the demonstrated neurobiological activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate their exact molecular mechanisms.
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Jia, Chengshu, Bin Hu, Yingying Ji, Yourui Su, Guoqing Gong, Qihua Zhu, and Yungen Xu. "Synthesis of Limonin Derivatives with Improved Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666181113102359.
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Background: Limonoids represent an important class of natural products which possess a broad range of biological activities. Albeit their enormous potentials as therapeutic candidates, they usually suffer from low bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility and relatively weak biological activities which result in significant challenges in the clinic applications. Therefore, the exploration and development of novel limonin derivatives with improved drug-like properties through the structural modifications recently have attracted great attention in the biological and medicinal chemistry field. Methods: Based on the structural modifications of C17-furan ring in limonin, a series of limonin derivatives was designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo. Results and Conclusion: Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that most tested compounds exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacies than lead molecule limonin. Especially, for compound 3f, it exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of naproxen and comparable analgesic potency with aspirin. In the formalin test, 3f showed an obviously attenuated phase-II pain response which indicated that it may produce an anti-inflammatory effect in the periphery. Furthermore, the significantly low hERG inhibition (IC50 >100 μM) and high LD50 value of target molecule 3f further demonstrated it as a promising analgesic/anti-inflammatory candidate with excellent drug-like profiles.
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Todić, Maida, Sanela Bakić, Begler Begović, Sanja Krošnjar, and Irfan Zulić. "Food and water consumption in assessment of acute oral toxicity of HEPALIP FORTE in rats." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2003): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3493.
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Body weight variations during toxicological testing can be one of the indicators of the test substance toxic effects. Data on food and water consumption are true indicators of the rate of growth of experimental animals (Stevens & Gallo, 1989). Daily recording of the food and water consumption was done during the acute toxicity testing of HEPALIP FORTE. The study was performed on Wistar rats. The active component of HEPALIP FORTE is EPL substance--essential phospholipids, a natural substance present in every living cell. Essential phospholipids in combination with vitamins have been used in the treatment of liver diseases, dyslipoproteinaemias and intoxications accompanied with liver failure. Statistical analysis of the body weight variations was performed separately, for males and females. The analysis failed to show any significant difference between the groups. There was a significant difference in water consumption between the male group 2M and female groups 3F and 2F in comparison with control groups. Statistical analysis of the variations of food consumption showed a significant difference in all male groups in comparison with control groups, and only in the 3F female group in comparison with a control group. Considering the absence of lethality and the lack of significant influence of the test substance on animal body weights, we concluded that the test substance was not acutely toxic in rats, if applied orally, in single doses of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Significant differences found in food and water consumption suggest a need of their during the future chronic toxicity testing.
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Yücel, Nazlı Turan, Derya Osmaniye, Ümmühan Kandemir, Asaf Evrim Evren, Özgür Devrim Can, and Ümide Demir Özkay. "Synthesis and Antinociceptive Effect of Some Thiazole-Piperazine Derivatives: Involvement of Opioidergic System in the Activity." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113350.
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In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize novel molecules carrying both the thiazole and piperazine rings in their structures and to investigate their antinociceptive activity. Targeted compounds were obtained by reacting thiosemicarbazide derivative and appropriate 2-bromoacetophenone in ethanol. The structures of the obtained compounds were determined using data from various spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS). Experimental data from in vivo tests showed that test compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g (50 mg/kg) significantly prolonged reaction times of animals in tail-clip and hot-plate tests compared to the controls, indicating that these compounds possess centrally mediated antinociceptive activities. Furthermore, these compounds reduced the number of writhing behaviors in the acetic acid-induced writhing tests, showing that the compounds also possess peripheral antinociceptive activity. In the mechanistic studies, naloxone pre-treatments abolished the antinociceptive activities of compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g, indicating that opioidergic mechanisms were involved in their antinociceptive effects. Molecular docking studies demonstrating significant interactions between the active compounds and µ- and δ-opioid receptor proteins supported the pharmacological findings. This study is the first showing that molecules designed to bear thiazole and piperazine moieties together on their structure exert centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive effects by activating the opioid system.
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Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz, Jose C. Adsuar, Jose A. Parraca, Pablo Tomas-Carus, Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo, and Armando M. Raimundo. "Test-Retest Intra-Session Reliability of Isokinetic Knee Strength Measurements in Obese Children." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 5923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175923.
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Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most critical global health challenges. Poor knee extensor strength is associated with disability and difficulties with physical function in obese patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of peak torque and total work in concentric flexion and concentric extension in obese children. Methods: 25 obese children aged between 6 and 11 years performed 3F maximal unilateral isokinetic repetitions with the knee extensors/flexors performing concentric actions at 60°/s. Peak torque (Nm), total work (J), and the ratio antagonist/agonist were recorded and normalized by total and lean mass. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest real difference (SRD) were computed. Results: Reliability was excellent for almost all variables. The highest ICC values were observed when work or peak torque were not divided by any other variable. However, SEM (%) and SRD (%) were lower when peak torque and work were divided by the total mass or lean mass. The antagonist/agonist ratio showed an ICC value of 0.873. Conclusion: Peak torque, total work, and the antagonist/agonist ratio are reliable in obese children.
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Banarouei, Nasimossadat, Asghar Davood, Hamed Shafaroodi, Ghazaleh Saeedi, and Abbas Shafiee. "N-arylmethylideneaminophthalimide: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666180424101009.
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Background and Objective: N-aryl derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide have demonstrated cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Also, they possess excellent analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. In this work, a new series of N-arylmethylideneamino derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide were designed and synthesized. Methods: The designed compounds were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate aldehyde and N-aminophthalimide in ethanol at room temperature at PH around 3. Their analgesic and antiinflammatory activity were evaluated by acetic acid-induced pain test and carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice and rats, respectively. Results and Conclusion:: The details of the synthesis and chemical characterization of the analogs are described. In vivo screening showed compounds 3a, 3b, 3f and 3h were the most potent analgesic compounds. In addition, compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e and 3j indicated comparable anti-inflammatory activity to indomethacin as a reference drug.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Test 3F"
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Bezůšek, Marek. "Objektivizace Testu 3F - dysartrický profil pomocí akustické analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442568.
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Test 3F is used to diagnose the extent of motor speech disorder – dysarthria for czech speakers. The evaluation of dysarthric speech is distorted by subjective assessment. The motivation behind this thesis is that there are not many automatic and objective analysis tools that can be used to evaluate phonation, articulation, prosody and respiration of speech disorder. The aim of this diploma thesis is to identify, implement and test acoustic features of speech that could be used to objectify and automate the evaluation. These features should be easily interpretable by the clinician. It is assumed that the evaluation could be more precise because of the detailed analysis that acoustic features provide. The performance of these features was tested on database of 151 czech speakers that consists of 51 healthy speakers and 100 patients. Statistical analysis and methods of machine learning were used to identify the correlation between features and subjective assesment. 27 of total 30 speech tasks of Test 3F were identified as suitable for automatic evaluation. Within the scope of this thesis only 10 tasks of Test 3F were tested because only a limited part of the database could be preprocessed. The result of statistical analysis is 14 features that were most useful for the test evaluation. The most significant features are: MET (respiration), relF0SD (intonation), relSEOVR (voice intensity – prosody). The lowest prediction error of the machine learning regression models was 7.14 %. The conclusion is that the evaluation of most of the tasks of Test 3F can be automated. The results of analysis of 10 tasks shows that the most significant factor in dysarthria evaluation is limited expiration, monotone voice and low variabilty of speech intensity.
Book chapters on the topic "Test 3F"
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Robinson, Marin S., Fredricka L. Stoller, Molly Constanza-Robinson, and James K. Jones. "Writing the Methods Section." In Write Like a Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367423.003.0009.
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In this chapter, we focus on writing a Methods section for a journal-quality paper. We begin with the Methods section because this is the section that many chemists write first, in part because this section describes what they know best: the procedures they have repeated (many times) to conduct their work. Moreover, most research groups use similar methodologies for several years; hence, previously written Methods sections can serve as models for writing new Methods sections. Together, these factors make the Methods section one of the easier sections to write and an excellent place to begin our writing instruction. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to do the following: ■ Know how to address the intended audience of a Methods section ■ Recognize which details to include and exclude from a Methods section ■ Organize a Methods section following standard moves ■ Use capitalization, abbreviations, and parentheses appropriately ■ Format numbers and units correctly ■ Use verb tense and voice in conventional manners As you work through the chapter, you will write a Methods section for your own paper. The Writing on Your Own tasks throughout the chapter will guide you step by step as you do the following: 3A Read the literature 3B Describe materials 3C Describe experimental methods 3D Describe numerical methods 3E Practice peer review 3F Fine-tune your Methods section The purpose of the Methods section is to address how a particular work was conducted. Relevant information about instrumentation and experimental and/ or numerical procedures is described. The goal is to describe the information in enough detail that an expert (not a novice) could repeat the work. Usually, this section is formally called, for example, Materials and Methods or Experimental Section, but for brevity, we call it simply the Methods section. Many of you have written a Methods section previously for a college-level chemistry course. Thus, we begin with an exercise to test your current knowledge about writing a Methods section.
Conference papers on the topic "Test 3F"
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Hiles, Kirk E., and Gregg W. Dixon. "Enhancing Undergraduate Education: Design of a Gas Turbine Laboratory Facility." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-190.
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An undergraduate gas turbine laboratory facility was designed and installed by four senior Mechanical Engineering students for their capstone design project at the U. S. Coast Guard Academy. The seniors instrumented a 65 horsepower gas turbine auxiliary power unit from an HH-3F Pelican helicopter and installed it in the existing engine laboratory. The objective of this project was to provide an opportunity for engineering students to better understand thermodynamic principles of gas turbine operation through hands-on experimentation. The laboratory facility was designed to allow students to determine the performance characteristics of the T-62-16B gas turbine and relate them to a Brayton cycle model. This paper details the installation and instrumentation of the gas turbine, the design of the data acquisition system, the results obtained with initial system tests, and future experimental plans.