Academic literature on the topic 'Tertiary Brighton Group'

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. This study was aimed to compare the clinical spectrum and shortterm outcome of children with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtypes of GBS in children. Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study done in a tertiary neurology hospital for 3 years. Children under 18 years of age fulfilling the Brighton diagnostic criteria for GBS were enrolled in the study. Based on the nerve conduction study, patients were subclassified as AIDP, AMAN, AMSAN, and others. Finally, a comparison was done in children with AIDP and AMAN subtypes. Results: A total of 102 children have fulfilled the Brighton diagnostic criteria of GBS during that study period. Among them, 83 children were included in the final analysis as NCS findings suggestive of AIDP and AMAN were found in 29(28.43%) and 54(52.94%) of cases respectively. No patient died in this cohort and follow-up was done at 3 months after discharge. A comparison of clinical data between the two groups revealed similar clinical features in most of the cases. The mean age difference between the two groups was statistically significant and AIDP was found to be more frequent in the 1-5 years age group. There was a significant association between gastroenteritis and AMAN subtypes. On symptom analysis, pain and tingling sensation were found predominantly in AMAN subtypes. Children having AMAN variants developed respiratory distress more than AIDP. Assisted ventilation were needed in 14.45% of cases and the majority of them were from the AMAN group. The mean duration of hospital stay and the mean disability scores at three months after discharge were significantly higher in the AMAN group. Conclusions: AMAN was the commonest GBS subtypes in children. AIDP was more frequent in the younger age group. Children with AMAN appeared to have higher short-term morbidity and slower recovery than those with AIDP. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 94-100

Background: Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculopathy which is quite common in all ages. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and electrophysiologicaspects of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) in children. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurophysiology of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2018. Patients under 18 years of age fulfilling Brighton diagnostic criteria for GBS were included in this study. These patients were evaluated by detailed history, physical examination, and electrophysiological findings. Results: A total of 82 patients of GBS were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 12.93± 5.02 years (range 1 to<18 years). Most of the patients were male (64.6%) and from the middle-income group (70.73%). About Fourty eight percent of patients had a history of preceding illness among which gastrointestinal infection(24.3%) was the most common. Tingling and paresthesiaswas complained by 32.4% of patients as the first symptom. AMAN(61%) was the most common GBS variant followed by AIDP(26.8%). 9 (11%) patients needed ICU support among them AIDP was more frequent. Conclusion: AMAN is the most common variant among children in this population by electrophysiologic testing. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 2-7

The coalfields of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Nagaland are disposed along a linear belt of overthrusts where the coal-bearing Oligocene (Tikak Parbat Formation, Barail Group) strata are folded and dispersed into a number of thrust slices. Whereas, in Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya the coal seams are associated with an almost undisturbed and sub-horizontal Late Palaeocene Sylhet/Tura formations of Jaintia Group. The coals are bright, non-banded, vitrinite-rich and have moderate to low amounts of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Pyrite and calcite are the dominant associated minerals, besides generally low proportions of clay and quartz. The coals have moderate to very high amounts of fluorescing macerals consisting chiefly of perhydrous vitrinite. liptodetrinite and resinite. Macerals, cutinite, sporinite, suberinite, exsudatinite, alginite and fluorinite are also present. The rank of the coals ranges between high volatile bituminous C and B stages, on the basis of vitrinite reflectance (Garo Hills: 0.54-0.62%: Jaintia Hills: 0.68-0.81 % and Assam: 0.70-0.74%). The coals from northeastern India were derived essentially from tropical deciduous mangrove-mixed angiospermous forest vegetation. The coals, presumably, originated from autochthonous to hypo-autochthonous eutrophic peat accumulations in lagoons and/or near-shore back swamps in Assam. Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland and in small isolated estuarine back swamps in Meghalaya. The vegetal maller, in general, was subjected mainly to anaerobic biodegradation under neutral to mildly alkaline subaqueous conditions and facilitated the precipitation of early diagenetic pyrite and calcite and in situ release of plant bound minerals in the peal. Seasonal freshwater ponds or lakes developed occasionally on the ancient-peat surfaces hosted the growth of aquatic and water-edge taxa whose remains are present in the coal seams. Especially pteridophytic herbaceous and shrubby vegetation growing in the vicinity of ancient peat swamps appear to be mainly responsible for the presence of structured and detrital inertinites. Occasional burning of the wet peat surfaces has been inferred to be the reason for relatively high inertinite contents in the coals from Meghalaya. It has also been presumed that whenever biodegradation of organic matter was severe the normal supply of vegetal matter fell short to produce a peat layer. instead some minor and major authigenic partings were developed within the pre-existing peal. The variation in the rank and thickness of the coal seams was presumably controlled by the prevailing geothermal gradient and tectonic conditions in different areas.

The two most important coal seams, viz., Seam no. 1 (18 m thick) and Seam no. 3 (6 m thick), of the Tikak Parbat Formation, Barail Group (Oligocene) are overlain by > 2000 m thick sediments of younger age. The coals are bright and non-banded in appearance. They are rich in vitrinite with subordinate amounts of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Early diagenetic pyrite and calcite alongwith clay and quartz are the main associated minerals. Under blue light excitation high amount of fluorescing macerals recorded are formed chiefly by perhydrous Vitrinite, liptodetrinite and resinite. Minor amount of sporinite, cutinite, suberinite and exsudatinite are also present with sporadic occurrence of f1uorinite and alginite. A comparison of Makum coals with the other Tertiary coals of India has also been attempted. The coals have low moisture and ash contents with high volatile matter and calorific value in relation to their rank by reflectivity measurements. The rank of the coal seams (R0 max. 0.72-0.75%) corresponds to high volatile bituminous B stage. From the biopetrological, palaeobotanical and geological evidences it has been concluded that the coal seams originated mostly from in situ mangrove-mixed angiospermous forest vegetation growing under humid to per-humid tropical climate. The vegetal accumulation took place in a rheotrophic swamp forming in a near-shore lagoon on a lower delta plain. The maceral and mineral associations in the coal seams indicate that the accumulated vegetal matter was mainly subjected to anaerobic microbial degradation under elevated swamp water pH (> 6). This facilitated the precipitation of early diagenetic pyrite, calcite and in situ release of plant-derived minerals in the peat. Under these conditions highly pyriteous and perhydrous coal seams were formed mainly by putrefaction. Whenever microbial degradation of organic matter was severe normal vegetal supply fell short to produce a peat layer, with the result minor and major authigenic partings within the coal seams were formed.

Digital Eye Strain (DES) is a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. Majority of scientific literature available for DES has targeted only youth/young people, overlooking rest age-groups.Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of DES and its various risk factors of digital device usage pattern and to correlate them statistically with clinical features. The study was conducted at medical college attached hospital in Amreli district, Gujarat, India during June – September 2020. Total 320 study participants were included in research. All patients attending ophthalmic OPD during study –period were screened for DES related symptoms and history of digital device usage. Information collected for socio-demographic profile, pattern of device usage and reported clinical features. Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed through SPSS software. Majority of study participants (47.81%) belonged to 18-30 years’ age-group, 186(58.13%) were males. Major symptoms of DES reported were: Headache (77.81%) dry-eye (61.56%), Temporary Difficulty in gaze (51.25%), Red-eye (49.37%) and blurred vision (44.68%). Of total, 59.06% and 9.06% respectively used digital device for 4-6 hours and &#62;6 hours per day. Approximate screen distance &#60;50 cm. from eyes was preferred by 192(60%) participants. Bright contrast setting was preferred by majority (253, 79.05%). Taking break after 30 minutes of continuous usage was preferred by 84 (26.25%) participants. Role of age and gender was found statistically significant in occurrence of many of symptoms of DES. Approximate distance of digital device from eyes revealed significant association with burning, dry and red eyes, headache and temporary difficulty in gaze. Taking preferred break after 30 minutes of continuous usage of digital device, all clinical symptoms revealed significant association except double vision. Dry eyes, temporary difficulty in gaze and blurred vision revealed comparatively more risk with pattern optical aid usage.

Coal and lignite seams associated with the Tertiary sedimentary sequence of India are bright unbanded (coals) and sparingly banded (lignites) in appearance. They chiefly consist of vitrinite/huminite macerals with subordinate amounts of liptinites and inertinites. Desmocollinite/attrinite and densinite are the main vitrinite/huminite maceral groups. Sclerotinite (fungal remains) and inertodetrinite are the main inertinite macerals in the seams of northeastern States-Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Some of the coal and lignite seams of Meghalaya and Gujarat have predominance of structured inertinite macerals (semifusinite and fusinite). Main inorganics associated with the seams are syngenetic pyrite and calcite. Clay and quartz (argillaceous matter) are usually in low proportions except in certain seams of Gujarat and Meghalaya. The seams, under blue light excitation, are characterized by moderate to very high proportion of fluorescing macerals constituted chiefly by perhydrous vitrinite/huminite, liptodetrinite, bituminite and resinite. Other macerals of liptinite group, viz., cutinite, sporinite, suberinite, exsudatinite, alginite (Botryococcus) and fluorinite in order of decreasing abundance, are in subordinate amounts. The coal and lignite-forming evergreen angiospermous forest vegetation flourishing under humid tropical climate comprised inland, coastal, beach, back mangrove to mangrove plant communities. Herbaceous and shrubby, including aquatic, angiosperms and pteridophytes formed prolific undergrowth. Some of the coal and lignite seams of Meghalaya, Rajasthan and Gujarat have definite marine and brackish water elements. The Tertiary coal and lignite deposits of India originated from hypo-autochthonous to autochthonous rheotrophic peat accumulating in lagoons or near-shore back swamps in Assam, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and Gujarat and in small isolated estuarine or estuarine back swamps in Meghalaya. The vegetal matter experienced both aerobic and anaerobic microbial degradation under neutral to mildly alkaline subaqueous conditions. The coalification trends of the ancient peat were influenced more by putrefaction rather than purily by humification. Small and ephemeral fresh water ponds/lakes developed occasionally on peat surface were responsible for the presence of aquatic and water-edge taxa in the seams. Herbaceous and shrubby vegetation, especially pteridophytes, growing in the vicinity of ancient peat swamps were the main source of structured and detrital inertinites. Occasional natural cindering of the peat surface, e.g., in Gujarat and Meghalaya, was responsible for relatively high inertinite contents. Variations in the thickness and rank of coal and lignite seams were controlled by the existing tectonic conditions and geothermal gradients in different areas. Keywords- Biopetrology, Coal and lignite genesis, Palaeoenvironment, India.

Context: Ectopic neurohypophysis (EN) refers to an interrupted, nonvisualized, and thinned out pituitary stalk with ectopic location of the posterior pituitary gland. Concurrent extra-pituitary cerebral and extra-cranial anomalies have been rarely reported in patients of EN. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies in pediatric patients of EN. Settings and Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods: The study group comprised eight pediatric patients of EN associated with extra-pituitary cerebral or vascular anomalies. Clinical and biochemical assessment was done in all patients. Results: Out of the total eight patients with EN, MRI showed interrupted pituitary stalk in five patients (62.5%) and nonvisible pituitary stalk in three patients (37.5%). Ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot was demonstrated in median eminence in six patients (75%), faintly visualized in one patient (12.5%) and nonvisualized in another one patient. Statistical significant association was noted between pituitary gland height and patient's body height with the pituitary gland volume (P < 0.001). Varied extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies encountered in our patients ranged from isolated anomalies such as optic nerve hypoplasia in three patients (37.5%), corpus callosum dysplasia in four patients (50%), agyria-pachygyria complex in two patients (25%), and intracranial vascular anomalies in two patients to syndromic association of tuberous sclerosis in one patient. Conclusion: Identifying and reporting of associated extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies in patients with EN are crucial in assessing the overall neurological outcome of such patients.

Children in pre-adolescence stage and adolescents are at the juncture of transition budded with dreams of bright future. They are developing their identity and are full of zest. A diagnosis of a life threatening illness like cancer at such a phase of life can uproot and devastate the child and its family. The diagnosis and treatment demands can drain these patients physically and mentally. Providing psychological support during this phase becomes crucial to assist their coping. Arts-based Therapy (ABT) was used to offer psychological support to young individuals (11-22 years) undergoing cancer treatment in a tertiary cancer hospital in Mumbai. ABT was offered in group set-up for the duration of 4 months. Effects of ABT was studied among 6 participants who competed their participation of 4 months in ABT sessions. Feedback from the participants, parents and teachers reported reduction in distress, development of positive attitude, improved mindfulness, general feelings of relaxation and improvement in quality of life with ABT. The research findings support previously documented evidence of effectiveness of ABT.