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Academic literature on the topic 'Tertiary basalt'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

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Larsen, L. M., W. S. Watt, and M. Watt. "Geology and petrology of the Lower Tertiary plateau basalts of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland." Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 157 (January 1, 1989): 1–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v157.6699.

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The early Tertiary plateau basalts in East Greenland are situated on a continental margin and were erupted during continental break-up and initiation of sea-floor spreading in the North Atlantic. In the region stretching from Scoresby Sund southward to 69°N 40 000 km2of basalts with an average thickness of 1.5 km have been investigated by measuring and flow-to-flow sampling of 130 profiles, followed by major element geochemical analysis and microprobe analysis, trace element analysis and some Sr isotope data. The basalts rest on Mesozoic sediments in the east and on Precambrian gneiss in the west. Six basalt formations are defined: the Magga Dan, Milne Land and Geikie Plateau Formations form a lower regional sequence erupted in one volcanic episode from sites in the NW part of the region; the Rømer Fjord and Skrænterne Formations form an upper regional sequence erupted in a subsequent volcanic episode in which eruption sites moved SE to centres east of the present Atlantic coast; the Igtertivâ Formation and a coast-parallel dyke swarm formed in a third volcanic episode only recorded at the Atlantic coast. The lavas are essentially flat-lying; a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast is extensively block faulted. Single lava flows are extensive (max. 11 000 km2) and voluminous (max. 300 km3). They are well preserved, with metamorphism of the low zeolite facies. All the lavas and most of the dykes are fractionated tholeiitic basalts with Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios of 0.66-0.39 and TiO2 = 1.2-4.5%. The major part (the 'main basalts', 96% by volume) have Mg ratios of 0.56-0.39, while only 4 vol.% are Mg-rich basalts with Mg ratios of 0.66-0.57. A nephelinitic tuff layer occurs at the base of the second sequence. A few dykes are alkaline. The Mg-rich basalts have microphenocrysts of olivine (FO90-70) and chromite, while the main basalts comprise both aphyric and porphyritic sequences. Phenocrysts of plagioclase (An88-37) are abundant, of olivine (FO80-57) are sparse but ubiquitous, and of augite (FS9-20) sparse and often absent. Groundmass phases are olivine (to FO3737), plagioclase (to An13, augite (to FS62), pigeonite (Fs26-50), titanomagnetite and ilmenite. All rocks contain several per cent fine-grained mesostasis. The phenocrysts frequently show disequilibrium textures and a wide range of compositions within one sample. Extrusion temperatures are calculated to 1280-1110°C, and densities to 2.68-2.78 g/cm3, increasing with fractionation. The volcanic episodes are demonstrated in systematic compositional variations with height in the basalt sequence. Each of the two major episodes started with a variety of lava compositions including Mg-rich basalts, followed by a thick sequence of 'main basalts' showing a systematic decrease of TiO2 and other incompatible elements with height, and ending with a reversal to higher TiO2 values. The third episode is not cyclic, and its products have changed incompatible element ratios. The Mg-rich basalts comprise depleted MORB type basalts, relatively enriched olivine tholeiites, and very enriched tholeiites (Mikis type basalt). Sr isotopes show 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7034 in most basalts and 0.7045 in the Mikis type basalt, while some Si-rich basalts have ratios up to 0.7079. The East Greenland basalts are 'initial rifting' basalts very similar to those in Deccan. The magmas have equilibrated at low pressures in crustal magma chambers. The main basalts have fractionated ol + pl + cpx no matter whether they are aphyric or porphyritic. Simple crystal fractionation can account for sub-trends but not for the complete compositional variation of the main basalts. This is considered as resulting from fractionation in open magma chambers which were repeatedly filled, mixed and tapped. The decrease in TiO2 with height in each volcanic episode indicates increasing magma input rate and shorter residence time in the chamber, while the final reversal indicates the decline and cessation of activity. There is evidence for widespread crustal contamination (1-4%) in the magma chambers of the two lowest formations. Crustal contamination of magmas on the way to the surface occurred sporadically throughout both sequences. One case of magma mixing occurred when a Mg-rich basalt magma invaded the regional main basalt magma chamber. The Mg-rich basalts cannot be directly related to each other or to the main basalts. A petrogenetic scheme is suggested where the Mikis type basalt originated in, or contains an addition from, an undepleted or enriched mantle source. All the other magma types originated in a depleted mantle source by varying degrees and possibly depths of melting. Increasing degrees of melting are indicated for the types nephelinite - enriched olivine tholeiite – main basalt parent – MORB type basalt. The MORB type basalt may also be produced by melting of a residuum. The basalts of the third volcanic episode include another component of mantle or basaltic crust. The three recorded volcanic episodes are related to rifting events during the break-up of the North Atlantic continent, viewed as repeated attempts to straighten out a bend in the original line of opening. The two first rifting events failed while the third for a short while produced oceanic crust. Compared to other regions of the North Atlantic volcanic province the Scoresby Sund basalts are similar to basalts from Kangerdlugssuaq, northern East Greenland, West Greenland, the Faeroes, the Vøring Plateau and some basalts on lceland. The main magma source for the North Atlantic province was similar to that of the lceland hotspot, but enriched subcontinental lithosphere may also have participated in the stage of initial rifting. A correlation for the volcanic episodes throughout East Greenland and the Faeroes is proposed.
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Nelson, Faye E., René W. Barendregt, and Mike Villeneuve. "Stratigraphy of the Fort Selkirk Volcanogenic Complex in central Yukon and its paleoclimatic significance: Ar/Ar and paleomagnetic data." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 5 (May 2009): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-025.

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Brunhes, Matuyama, Kaena, and Mammoth age basaltic lava flows (Tertiary–Quaternary Selkirk Volcanics) were sampled in west-central Yukon. The mean characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction of the flows sampled in this and previous studies has a declination of 348.7° and an inclination of 70.8° (n = 42, k = 99.6, α95 = 2.2°) (all on lower hemisphere). The time range represented in this study (ca. 3.25 to ca. 0.004 Ma) is great enough to have confidently averaged secular variation. Sediment associated with the basalt has a mean declination of 7.6° and inclination of 78.8° (n = 5, k = 5.6, α95 = 35.7°). A new 40Ar–39Ar date on the reversely magnetized basal basalts at Ne Ch’e Ddhäwa places the eruption in the Mammoth subchron of the Gauss Normal Chron. The newly dated basal basalt at Ne Ch’e Ddhäwa precedes the initial continental glaciation in Yukon and is older than the Fort Selkirk vent (Lower Mushroom), which was previously thought to be the oldest eruption at Fort Selkirk Volcanic Complex (FSVC). This basal flow at Mushroom is dated at 1.82 ± 0.03 Ma and the uppermost flow is reproducibly dated at 1.36 ± 0.04 Ma. Till on the flanks of a subglacial volcanic mound called Ne Ch’e Ddhäwa (informal) is older than previously thought; its reverse magnetization indicates an Early Pleistocene age rather than the Reid glaciation, which falls during the Brunhes Normal Chron. The paleomagnetism of Tertiary–Quaternary Selkirk Volcanics outcrops outside the FSVC was studied for the first time. The ChRM direction of basalt at the northern edge of the northern Cordillera volcanic province agrees with FSVC directions, suggesting that this flow reflects the same period of volcanism. This suggests that an Eocene K–Ar date, previously thought to be unreliable, may well be correct.
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Hald, N., and R. Waagstein. "The dykes and sills of the Early Tertiary Faeroe Island basalt plateau." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 82, no. 4 (1991): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300004211.

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ABSTRACTThe Early Tertiary basalt plateau of the Faeroe Islands is cut by dykes and sills. Chemical analyses show a two-fold division of the intrusive rocks into a group of low-TiO2 (0·73–1·93%), MORB-type tholeiitic basalts and a group of high-TiO2 (2·09–3·90%) tholeiitic basalts. The low-TiO2 group comprises about 15% picrites and olivine-phyric basalts and 85% plagioclase-phyric basalts, and shows a chemical range largely explicable in terms of low-pressure fractional crystallisation of olivine ± plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. The high-TiO2 group is strongly dominated by plagioclase-phyric basalts with only few olivine-phyric compositions. The chemical trends are less regular than those formed by the low-TiO2 basalt dykes and a number of subgroups may be identified on the basis of bulk rock chemistry. Dykes belonging to a specific subgroup were probably fed from the same magma chamber.Petrographically and chemically the dykes and sills are clearly related to the upper 2·5 km of the lava sequence. Field evidence suggests that some of the dykes were contemporaneous with the exposed lavas, while other dykes and the sills were intruded in response to a slight doming of the plateau during the final stages of volcanic activity. Our investigations demonstrate that high-TiO2 and low-TiO2 magmas were both emplaced until the very end of magmatism, with the latter being mainly concentrated in the northern part of the archipelago. We briefly sketch a possible relationship between the supposed NE-Atlantic mantle plume, the distribution of the various magma types and the location of the Early Tertiary continental splitting zone north of the islands.
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Emeleus, C. H. "The Tertiary lavas and sediments of northwest Rhum, Inner Hebrides." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035342.

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AbstractSeveral small outliers of Tertiary lavas and sediments rest with strong unconformity on a buried landscape eroded from Torridonian sediments and Tertiary granophyre. Erosion continued during the period of sediment and lava accumulation. Four formations are recognized; these are, in order of increasing age, the Orval Formation (hawaiite and basaltic hawaiite lavas), the Guirdil Formation (icelandite lavas, interbedded conglomerates), the Upper Fionchra Formation (tholeiitic basaltic andesite lavas, hyaloclastite deposits, basal conglomerate) and the Lower Fionchra Formation (alkali and transitional basalt, basaltic hawaiite and hawaiite lava flows, basal conglomerate); each is separated by an erosional interval. Clasts in the conglomerates reveal a history of erosion of a terrain exposing gneisses, Torridonian sediments, igneous rocks derived from the Rhum Tertiary Central Complex (including allivalites), and Tertiary lavas of local origin but also including, in the oldest conglomerates, tholeiitic basalts not now preserved on or near Rhum. Prior to and during lava and sediment accumulation, erosion on Rhum had cut down to a level similar to that of the present day, although not to the extent that high-grade thermally altered rocks, which are a marked feature of the Central Complex, were being eroded in any quantity. A sequence of east–west trending valleys, possibly initiated on the line of the earlier Main Ring Fault, drained the area of the Central Complex which then, as now, must have been high ground. Small lakes occasionally formed in the valleys allowing the accumulation of fine-grained sediment with plant remains, and promoting the formation of hyaloclastite deposits when buried by later flows. No source for any of the lava formations is preserved on Rhum; they are thought to have come from feeders north of Rhum, possibly near Canna, and to have ponded against the hills and valleys near and in the Central Complex.The oldest tholeiitic lavas, not now found in situ, were followed by alkali and transitional flows compositionally similar to the Skye Main Lava Series but characteristically feldsparphyric; the most mafic also contain phenocrysts of magnesian olivine (with included Cr-Al-rich spinels) and aluminous spinel. Both the early alkalic/transitional basalts and the youngest hawaiites and basaltic hawaiites equilibrated at pressures < 9 kb; the tholeiitic basaltic andesites and icelandites equilibrated at relatively shallows depths.Apart from a few N–S to NW–SE-trending basalt dykes, the lava formations represent the youngest Tertiary igneous event on Rhum.
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Watt, W. S. "Stratigraphy and correlation of the Tertiary plateau basalts in North-East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 162 (January 1, 1994): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v162.8261.

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The Hold with Hope – Wollaston Forland area with the adjacent islands is partly covered by Tertiary plateau basalts. The area is divided into structural blocks by NNE–SSW faults with apparent eastward down-step and the basalt succession of the mainland is repeated on the islands to the east. Individual profiles are correlated using distinctive features of the development of their chemistry with height. A succession of 600–700 m of uniform tholeiitic lavas compose a lower sequence which extends over the whole area. This is overlain locally by an intervolcanic conglomerate followed by 500 m of variable tholeiites and alkali-basalt lavas. This upper sequence is restricted to the southern part of the volcanic area. The northerly occurrence of a dyke chemically associated with the upper sequence suggests that this sequence originally extended much further north than its present outcrop.
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Baksi, Ajoy K. "Timing and duration of Mesozoic-Tertiary flood-basalt volcanism." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no. 49 (1990): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo071i049p01835-01.

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Chen, X. M., M. Zhao, and Z. L. Dong. "Coronas of corundum xenocryst in the Tertiary alkali basalt." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.111.

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Baldreel, L. O., and M. S. Andersen. "Tertiary development of the Faeroe-Rockall Plateau based on reflection seismic data." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (November 30, 1994): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-15.

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The Faeroe-Rockall Plateau is located in the NE Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and Scotland and is characterized by a late Paleocene-early Eocene basalt cover, which was extruded in association with the incipient opening of the NE Atlantic. The Faeroe-Rockall Plateau is separated from the NW European continental shelf by the Rockall Trough and the Faeroe­Shetland Channel, whose nature and age is still debated. Reflector configuration within the basalt allows volcanic seismic facies inteipretation to be carried out. The thickness of the basalt cover is estimated from reflection seismic data. Subbasalt geological structures are identified below subaerially extruded basalt on recently acquired as well as reprocessed seismic profiles. Overlying the basalt are early Eocene and younger Sediments. The distribution of these sedi- . ments is largely controlled by 1) the topography after the cessation of the volcanism, 2) the post volcanic subsidence of the area which is estimated from the depth to the breakpoints located on prim¥)' volcanic escaipments, 3) the Eocene-Miocene compressional tectonics which formed ridge& and minor basins, and 4) bottom currents of Norwegian Sea Deep Water (NSDW) which in the Neogene flowed into the North Atlantic south of the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe-Scotland Ridg,e. A considerable part of the NSDW flows east and south of th
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Baumhauer, Roland. "Basaltic Bedding Conditions of the Tertiary Brown-Coal Formation in the Rhön and Vogelsberg Area (Tertiary Basaltic Volcanoes)." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 141, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/141/1990/79.

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Jensen, Aage. "Cupriferous pseudobrookite in a Tertiary basalt from the Faeroe Islands." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 34 (December 19, 1985): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1985-34-09.

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Forty-five electron microprobe analyses have been carried out on pseudobrookite occurring in a basalt from the Faeroe Islands. It is shown that pseudobrookite formed after ilmenite contains between 1 and 3% CuO, whereas pseudobrookite formed after titanomagnetite does not contain Cu. This difference in Cu content is not inherited from the original ilmenite and titanomagnetite, but arises during the formation of the pseudobrookite. The pseudobrookite in this basalt, regardless of whether it formed from ilmenite or from titanomagne­tite, is richer in Ti than in the formula Fe2TiO5, the surplus Ti4+ being balanced by the presence of divalent ions such as Mg, Mn, Fe and Cu. Mg and Cu dominate in pseudobrookite after ilmenite, Fe and Mg domi­nate in pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite. Pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite is richer in Ti than pseudobrookite after ilmenite. The pseudobrookite is not homogeneous. Both pseudobrookite formed from ilmenite and that formed from titanomagnetite contain small blebs of hematite and rutile, and furthermore pseudobrookite after ti­tanomagnetite is intergrown with larger coherent areas of hematite. The hematite blebs in pseudobrookite after ilmenite can contain up to more than 5% CuO, but there is virtually no copper in either type of he­matite in the pseudobrookite after titanomagnetite, nor do the rutile blebs contain copper.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

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Cripps, Jennifer Ann. "Environmental impact of Deccan Trap flood basalt volcanism : assessment of regional floral responses to late Cretaceous-early Tertiary activity." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272896.

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Whitson, David Neale. "Geochemical stratigraphy of the Dooley rhyolite breccia and Tertiary basalts in the Dooley Mountain quadrangle, Oregon." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3902.

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The Dooley Rhyolite Breccia in northeast Oregon was erupted between 12 and 16 million years ago, from central vents and linear feeder dikes within the Dooley Mountain quadrangle. The peraluminous, high-silica rhyolites of the formation were erupted over an irregular highland of eroded pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks locally overlain by intracanyon, Eocene Clarno-type basalt flow(s) . The Dooley Rhyolite Braccia is exposed in a tectonically disrupted, north-south trending graben across the Elkhorn Range. The formation is variable in thickness with maximum thickness exceeding 660 meters in the south and 600 meters in the north half of the quadrangle. Volumetrically the formation is dominated by block lava flows with lessor associated volcaniclastic and pyroclastic rocks. Although initial and waning phases of eruption of the formation produced ash-flow tuffs which extend well beyond the quadrangle boundaries, volcanism within the quadrangle appears to have been primarily effusive. At least nine geochemically distinct rhyolite subunits belonging to four related chemical groups have been identified in the formation stratigraphy which appear to represent unique eruptive episodes. Chronologic geochemical patterns within the formation are consistent with a petrogenetic model of repeated partial melting and eruption from multiple silicic magma chambers in an attenuated continental crust. Basalts correlative with the Powder River Basalt and the Strawberry Volcanics overlie the Dooley Rhyolite Braccia on the north flank of Dooley Mountain. Cale-alkaline basalts correlative with the Strawberry Volcanics are overlain by thoeliitic basalts of uncertain affinity on the south flank of the mountain. These basalt flows on respective flanks of the mountain were not continuous across the quadrangle. Rhyolitic volcanism in the Dooley Mountain quadrangle is contemporary with the strawberry Volcanics and the Picture Gorge Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group.
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Long, Juliet L. A. "The hydrogeochemistry of the Tertiary Basal Sands aquifier, London basin." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263480.

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James, Sarah Louise. "The geochemistry of secondary zeolites from tertiary basaltic terrains." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325118.

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Adair, Benjamin Joseph Ivan. "Zeolites and zeolitisation of the Tertiary basalts of North Eastern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356881.

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Wallace, Joanne M. "Isotopic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of the Tertiary flood basalts of NE Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282341.

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Dautria, Jean-Marie. "Relations entre les hétérogénéités du manteau supérieur et le magmatisme en domaine continental distensif : exemple des basaltes alcalins du Hoggar, Sahara central, Algérie et de leurs enclaves /." Montpellier : Centre géologique et géophysique de l'Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36148832z.

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Lass-Evans, Solveigh. "The anatomy of the ancestral Iceland plume : a chemical and isotopic study of the tertiary basalts and picrites from Baffin Island." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11034.

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This thesis presents a detailed chemical and isotopic study of picritic and basaltic lava flows and dykes from Baffin Island, the most westerly and least studied part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Most of the Baffin Island olivine phenocrysts are not in equilibrium with their host-rock compositions (MgO = 8-28 wt. %), and lava flows with > 14 wt.% MgO contain accumulated olivines. The wide range of calculated liquid compositions (9-20 wt. % MgO) indicates a complex magmatic system, in which several batches of magmas have been mixed and of which only a small proportion has reached the surface. The Baffin Island rocks were generated over a wide range of depths with estimated liquidus temperatures of 1211-1430°C and segregation pressures of 1.7-3.1 Gpa. trace element and isotope ratios show that two distinct mantle sources were available: (1) a relatively depleted source with (La/Sm)n <1, Nb/Zr<0.04, negative ΔNb, 87Sr/86sr: 0.7030-0.7034 and 143Nd/144Nd ~0.5130m, and (2) a relatively enriched source with (La/Sm)n >1, positive ΔNb, 87Sr/86Sr: 0.7039-0.7042 and 143Nd/144Nd: 0.51280-0.51284. with the exception of Pb-isotope ratios, which show evidence for some interaction with Precambrian basement rocks, isotope and trace element ratios are not significantly affected by crustal material. Therefore, the high-87Sr/86Sr, low-41Nd/144Nd samples represent the most enriched endmember of the ancestral Iceland plume which was present at ca. 61 Ma but not evident today. The highest 3He/4He (up to 50 Ra) yet recorded from any terrestrial rocks are found in the low-87Sr/86Sr, high-43Nd/144Nd rocks. Mixing, at the 670-km thermal boundary, of depleted mantle material with primordial helium form the lower mantle may account for the association of high 3He/4He with depleted Sr- and Nd-isotope ratios.
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Ali, Nina Pari. "Credit granting in the Swedish unsecured loans market : Empirical testing of risk-aversion among credit managers link to tertiary education and Basel knowledge." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169851.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between tertiary education, Basel knowledge and risk-aversion in credit managers in the market for unsecured loans in Sweden. A survey was made to test these links and the sample of respondents consisted of 30 credit managers. Results showed no obvious effect of tertiary education on risk-aversion, managers ability to contravene the algorithm and the non-occurrence of default. It showed that there may be an effect of the inability to contravene the algorithm on the occurrence of ‘bad business’ and that there may be an effect of acquired tertiary education on Basel knowledge. This implies that not allowing credit managers to contravene algorithms may increase the occurrence of default. The results also imply that banks, credit institutes and regulators should take action towards improving the understanding of the Basel directive and regulations among credit managers.
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Titjen, Jeremy Quentin. "Tertiary limestones and sedimentary dykes on Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2411.

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The Chatham Islands are located in the SW Pacific Ocean, approximately 850 km to the east of the South Island of New Zealand. This small group of islands is situated near the eastern margin of the Chatham Rise, an elongated section of submerged continental crust that represents part of the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Gondwana accretionary margin. The location and much of the geology of the Chatham Islands are attributed to intra-plate basaltic volcanism, initiated during the Late Cretaceous, in association with development of a failed rifting system to the south of the Chatham Rise. Despite the volcanic nature of much of the geology, the majority of the Cenozoic sedimentary stratigraphic record on the islands comprises non-tropical skeletal carbonate deposits whose deposition was often coeval with submarine volcanics and volcaniclastic deposits. This has resulted in complex stratigraphic relationships, with the volcanic geology exerting a strong influence on the geometry and distribution of the carbonate deposits. These limestones, despite some general field descriptions, have been little studied and are especially poorly understood from a petrographic and diagenetic perspective. The carbonate geology in detail comprises eleven discrete limestone units of Late Cretaceous through to Pleistocene age which were studied during two consecutive field expeditions over the summers of 2005 and 2006. These limestone occurrences are best exposed in scattered coastal outcrops where they form prominent rugged bluffs. While many of the younger (Oligocene to Pliocene) outcrops comprise of poorly exposed, thin and eroded limestone remnants (it;5 m thick), older (Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene) exposures can be up to 100 m in thickness. The character of these limestones is highly variable. In outcrop they display a broad range of textures and skeletal compositions, often exhibit cross-bedding, display differing degrees of porosity occlusion by cementation, and may include rare silicified horizons and evidence of hardground formation. Petrographically the limestones are skeletal grainstones and packstones with a typical compositional makeup of about 70% skeletal material, 10% siliciclasts, and 20% cement/matrix. Localised increases in siliciclastics occur where the carbonates are diluted by locally-derived volcaniclastics. The spectrum of skeletal assemblages identified within the Chatham Island limestones is diverse and appears in many cases to be comparable to the bryozoan dominant types common in mainland New Zealand and mid-latitude Australian cool-water carbonates in general. However, some key departures from the expected cool-water carbonate skeletal makeup have been identified in this study. The occurrence of stromatolitic algal mats in Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene carbonate deposits indicates not cool-temperate, but certainly warm-temperate paleoclimatic conditions. A change to cool-temperate conditions is recorded in the limestone flora/fauna from the mid-Late Miocene times following the development and later northward movement of the Subtropical Front. An uncharacteristic mix of shallow-shelf (bryozoans) and deeper water fauna (planktic foraminifera), together with their highly fragmented and abraded nature, is indicative of the likely remobilisation and redistribution of carbonate, primarily during episodic storm events. The Chatham Islands limestones formed within the relative tectonic stability of an oceanic island setting, which was conducive to ongoing carbonate accumulation throughout much of the Cenozoic. This contrasts markedly with other mainland New Zealand shelf carbonates which formed over sporadic and short-lived geological periods, experiencing greater degrees of burial cementation controlled by a relatively more active tectonic setting. As a consequence of the tectonically stable setting, the Chatham Islands limestones have experienced little burial and exhibit a paucity of burial cementation effects. They remain commonly soft and friable. Detailed petrographic investigations have shown the limestones are variably cemented by rare uneven acicular spar fringes, poorly to well-developed syntaxial rim cements about echinoderm fragments, and equant/blocky microsparite. Staining of thin sections and cathodoluminescence petrography show these spar cement generations are non-ferroan and their very dull- to non-luminescent nature supports precipitation from Mn-poor oxygenated waters, likely of an either meteoric or combined marine/shallow burial origin. Micrite is the dominant intra- and inter-particle pore fill and occurs both as a microbioclastic matrix and as precipitated homogenous and/or micropeloidal cement. The rare fringing cements often seen in association with homogenous and/or micropeloidal micrite may be indicative of true early marine (seafloor) cement precipitation and localised hardground development. An interesting feature of the geology of the Chatham Islands is the occurrence of carbonate material within sedimentary dykes. The locations of the dykes are in association with volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits. Similarities between dyke characteristics at Red Bluff on Chatham Island with mainland occurrences from East Coast and Canterbury Basins (North and South Islands, respectively) on mainland New Zealand have been recognised. They show complex structures including sidewall striations, internal flow structures as revealed by grain sorting, and extra-clast inclusions of previous fill lithologies which are characteristic of carbonate injection. This is in contrast to other dykes which are known to be of a passive fill origin. Multiple phases of carbonate sediment injection can be recognised by crosscutting relationships enabling the determination of a parasequence of events. Possible injection mechanisms are most likely associated with sediment overloading or hydrothermal pressurisation associated with emplacement of submarine volcanics. The Chatham Islands provide an exciting example of a geologically unique and complex non-tropical carbonate depositional setting. The production of carbonates is controlled by volcanic and volcaniclastic sediment input with the types of carbonate deposits and water depth variations related to thermal uplift/subsidence in association with global eustatic sealevel and temperature changes associated with development of Southern Ocean water fronts from the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic. Carbonate deposition on the Chatham Islands is considered to relate to a rather variable and small scale oceanic, high energy, cool-water carbonate ramp setting whose geometry was continually evolving/changing as a consequence of periodic volcanic episodes.
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Books on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

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Bray, E. A. Du. Age and petrology of the Tertiary as Sarat Volcanic field, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Bray, E. A. Du. Age and petrology of the Tertiary as Sarat Volcanic field, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Larsen, Lotte Melchior. Geology and petrology of the lower Tertiary plateau basalts of the Scoresby Sund region, east Greenland. Copenhagen, Denmark: Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

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Fityus, Stephen, Greg Hancock, and John Gibson. "Landslides in Tertiary Basalts at Murrurundi, Australia." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 1061–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_187.

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Al-Harthy, M. S., R. G. Coleman, M. W. Hughes-Clarke, and S. S. Hanna. "Tertiary Basaltic Intrusions in the Central Oman Mountains." In Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere, 675–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_33.

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Neuhoff, P., and S. Arnórsson. "Zeolite saturation in surface and <100°C ground waters in a Tertiary basalt province, Iceland." In Water-Rock Interaction. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415451369.ch194.

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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Blue Mountains, Domain 6." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0024.

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The Blue Mountains domain is mostly in northeastern Oregon. It is the name that we and others (Orr and Orr 1996) have adopted for the Central Highlands subprovince of the Columbia Intermountain province (Freeman et al. 1945). Small areas of Blue Mountains ultramafic rocks are exposed in an arcuate trend from central Oregon through northeastern Oregon into western Idaho. They are in the Baker and Wallowa terranes (Vallier and Brooks 1995). These terranes with the ultramafic rocks are covered or surrounded by Tertiary volcanic flows, largely Columbia River basalt. The ultramafic rocks are exposed in the Canyon Mountain and Sparta complexes and in smaller areas from the edge of the Idaho Batholith near Riggins in Idaho south–southwest across northeastern Oregon to the Aldrich Mountains south of Dayville. The Snake River has cut a deep gorge through the Blue Mountains domain. At Hells Canyon it is >2000 m deep. Strawberry Mountain southeast of John Day rises to 2755 m. Ultramafic rocks are exposed from about 975 m at the foot of the Strawberry Range, near Canyon City, to 2243 m on Baldy Mountain in the Strawberry Range and a bit higher on Vinegar Hill, which is about 45 km northeast of the Strawberry Range, although the summit of Vinegar Hill (2478 m above sea level) is not composed of ultramafic rocks. Summers are hot and dry and winters are cold, with snow that persists through winters at the higher elevations. Mean annual temperatures are mostly in the 3°C–9oC range, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 100 cm. The frost-free period is about 150 days at lower elevations and <60 days at higher elevations. The ultramafic rocks were exposed by late Tertiary uplift and erosion of the overlying volcanic sequence. The older rocks are composed of a volcanic island arc complex that contains marine sediments interlayered with mafic volcanic flows. Deep erosion of this area has exposed the roots of the volcanic arc. The roots contain gabbro and peridotite–serpentine at their lowest levels. Seven-thousand-year-old volcanic ash from Mt.
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Lesher, C. E., K. V. Cashman, and J. D. Mayfield. "Kinetic controls on crystallization of Tertiary North Atlantic basalt and implications for the emplacement and cooling history of lava at Site 989, Southeast Greenland rifted margin." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Ocean Drilling Program, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.163.115.1999.

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Fernández, Belén, Ainhoa Sarasua Miranda, Isabel Lorente Blázquez, and Ignacio Diez López. "Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity." In Role of Obesity in Human Health and Disease. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98526.

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Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.
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Courtillot, V., J. J. Jaeger, Z. Yang, G. Feraud, and C. Hofmann. "The influence of continental flood basalts on mass extinctions: Where do we stand?" In The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History. Geological Society of America, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.513.

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Luger, P., and J. Kuss. "Late Cretaceous to basal Tertiary shallow-water sedimentation in Northern Somalia." In Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa, 443–47. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203753392-81.

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Boslough, M. B., E. P. Chael, T. G. Trucano, D. A. Crawford, and D. L. Campbell. "Axial focusing of impact energy in the Earth's interior: A possible link to flood basalts and hotspots." In The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History. Geological Society of America, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.541.

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Carver, Mandy. "Facing Both Ways." In Sociological Thinking in Music Education, 132–46. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197600962.003.0010.

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This chapter draws on Basil Bernstein’s three pedagogic rights to interrogate a tertiary (university) music curriculum in South Africa. It begins by investigating the reasons for the opposing interpretations Bernstein’s ideas have received in music education scholarship. Next, it enlists Bernstein’s articulation of boundaries to suggest that boundary strength can enable or constrain access to music education as well as fluent control over abstract musical concepts. Ultimately, it suggests that foregrounding procedural, experiential understanding does not guarantee fluency with conceptual frameworks and argues that such fluency is the basis of critical musicality and democratic education.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

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Mack, H. "Seismic Response of Tertiary Basalt Flows in the Northeast Atlantic - a Modelling Study." In 59th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.131.gen1997_b017.

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Masinde, A. M., C. S. Simiyu, B. A. Adero, A. W. Waswa, and J. B. Barongo. "Sub-Basalt Exploration Opportunities in the Magadi Trough, Kenyan Tertiary Rift: Geophysical challenges and solutions." In Second EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201602381.

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Masinde, A. "Integrated Interpretation of Sub-Basalt Structures in Magadi Basin, an Exploration Opportunity in the Kenyan Tertiary Rift." In Sixth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2022625016.

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Satyana, A. H. "Ciletuh Subduction, West Java - New Findings, New Problems: Regional Implications to Cretaceous-Paleogene Convergence of Sundaland Margin and Its Petroleum Geology." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-g-29.

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Ciletuh, southwest Java has been well known as one of the places in Java where pre-Tertiary basement rocks are exposed (Verbeek and Fennema, 1896; Duyfjes, 1940; van Bemmelen, 1949; Sukamto, 1975). In plate tectonic point of view, Ciletuh has been known as place outcropping melange complex related to pre-Tertiary oceanic plate subduction (Thayyib et al., 1977). Ciletuh subduction regionally has been linked to the Cretaceous subduction zones of Luk Ulo/Karang Sambung (Central Java) and Meratus Mountains (South Kalimantan) (Hutchison, 1973; Asikin 1974; Hamilton, 1979). Ciletuh subduction however, has not been dated using metamorphic rocks formed in its subduction zone. Its link to Luk Ulo and Meratus subduction zone only based on the presence of melange, which also lacks of data Meanwhile, subduction zones of Luk Ulo and Meratus have been dated and analysed. We herewith present the results of new field studies and various analyses carried out in the last five years of the Ciletuh subduction complex. The indication of Cretaceous subduction has not found from the date measurement, Ciletuh shows Eocene related subduction. Most of the ophiolites were island-arc tholeiitic or island-arc basalt formed in supra-subduction zone. The overlying olistostrome deposits were younger than previously considered and lasted until early/middle Miocene. Some of the basaltic pillowed lava is considered as part of the ophiolite, while the ones at Gunung Badak is more likely a part of the early Miocene Jampang volcanism. Link of Ciletuh to Early Cretaceous subduction of Luk Ulo is not supported by geochronological data. The new knowledge of Ciletuh subduction implies the pre-Tertiary and Paleogene geology of Java, and petroleum prospectivities of the Paleogene objectives of southern West Java. New problems arise and need more field data and analyses to find out the answers.
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Elobaid, Elnaiem Ali, Fadhil Sadooni, and Hamad Al Saad. "Tectonic and Geologic Settings of Halul and Al-Alyia Offshore Islands, Examples of Different Evolution Models, Within the Emergence of the Arabian Gulf Geosyncline: A Review." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0044.

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The Arabian Gulf represents a significant water body and strategic pathway, which has pronounced regional and international benefits. This research investigated the evolution of the Arabian Gulf geosyncline. Furthermore, it explored the formation, geologic and tectonic settings of Halul and Al-Alyia offshore Islands, as examples of two different evolution models, within the emergence framework. The Arabian Gulf geosyncline has been emerged during the Cenozoic Era (Late Miocene-Pliocene Epoch), situated in the northeastern collisional marginal part of the Arabian Plate, as a foredeep geosyncline or basin, squeezed or crammed between the stable Arabian Plate and the mobile Euro-Asian Plate, along the subduction zone, within Zagros Mountain Fold Thrust Belt. Halul Island is situated to the northeast of the Greater Doha City and has great national economic value. It has a unique shape, elongated domal structure, oriented from South-West to North-East. The tectonic setting of Halul Island is classified as salt diapirism. The surface geology of this Island is dominated by carbonate rocks, mainly limestone and dolomitic limestone, and some igneous rock, such as basalt and Tholeiite. Al-Alyia Island is an integral part of the mainland. It is situated within the Greater Doha City's vicinity, in the eastern coastal zone. The Island is oriented from south-east to north-west. It is characterized by a gentle slope and low relief topography. The main rocks forming the island is the limestone and dolomitic limestone of the Simsima /Umm Bab Member of the Upper Dammam Formation of Tertiary age. This fact suggests that the island has a similar geologic setting to the mainland. This study revealed that the Halul Island evolution model is completely different from the evolution model of Al-Alyia Island, as Halul Island is a typical example model of salt dome Island, and remnants of the infracambrian salt basin, while Al-Alyia Island represents a different sedimentation model. This research has been carried out as part of the Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University research agenda.
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Maradong, Radema, Yulia Farida Yahya, and Theresia Lumban Toruan. "Characteristic of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Tertiary Health Care." In The 23rd Regional Conference of Dermatology 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008149500050008.

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McFadzean, P. J., and N. McArdle. "Mapping the Basal Tertiary Maureen Fm. at the Mariner Field with Isometrix Broadband Data." In 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201601590.

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"INTERNET + RURAL TERTIARY INDUSTRY—A new model of urban and rural development - "vegetable basket" + "playground"." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Innovation Develpment of E-commerce and Logistics. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icidel.2017.030.

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Chung, Yooyun, Mussarat N. Rahim, Sophia Ling, Enoka S. Gonsalkorala, and Michael A. Heneghan. "P10 Pregnancy outcomes in autoimmune hepatitis from a single tertiary centre." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 20–23 September 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-basl.61.

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Miller, Russell V., and Lawrence L. Busch. "EVIDENCE FOR REASSIGNMENT OF KAOLINITE- AND QUARTZ-RICH STRATA OF THE BASAL TERTIARY SECTION IN CALIFORNIA TO THE LOWER PALEOCENE." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274220.

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Reports on the topic "Tertiary basalt"

1

Whitson, David. Geochemical stratigraphy of the Dooley rhyolite breccia and Tertiary basalts in the Dooley Mountain quadrangle, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5787.

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