Academic literature on the topic 'Tertiary'

Mitochondria and plastids originated through endosymbiosis, and subsequently became reduced and integrated with the host in similar ways. Plastids spread between lineages through further secondary or even tertiary endosymbioses, but mitochondria appear to have originated once and have not spread between lineages. Mitochondria are also generally lost in secondary and tertiary endosymbionts, with the single exception of the diatom tertiary endosymbiont of dinoflagellates like Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, where both host and endosymbiont are reported to contain mitochondria. Here, I describe the first mitochondrial genes from this system: cytochrome c oxidase 1 (coxl), cytochrome oxidase 3 (cox3), and cytochrome b (cob). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all characterized genes were derived from the pennate diatom endosymbiont, and not the host. I also demonstrated that all three genes are expressed, that coxl contains spliced group II introns, and that cob and cox3 form an operon, all like their diatom relatives. The endosymbiont mitochondria not only retain a genome, but also express their genes, and are therefore likely involved in electron transport. Ultrastructural examination confirmed that the endosymbiont mitochondria retain normal tubular cristae. Overall, these data suggest the endosymbiont mitochondria have not reduced at the genomic or functional level.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Genetics, Department of
Graduate

At the core of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) three-mirror optical design is the primary/tertiary (M1M3) mirror that combines these two large mirrors onto one monolithic substrate. The M1M3 mirror was spin cast and polished at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab at The University of Arizona (formerly SOML, now the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona (RFCML)). Final acceptance of the mirror occurred during the year 2015 and the mirror is now in storage while the mirror cell assembly is being fabricated. The M1M3 mirror will be tested at RFCML after integration with its mirror cell before being shipped to Chile.

Aquesta tesi examina la intenció empresarial (IE) entre estudiants terciaris, que va conduir a la producció de quatre treballs empírics. El primer article investiga la influència del control de comportament percebut (PBC), de la norma subjectiva (SN) i de l’actitud cap a l’emprenedoria (ATE), en la intenció emprenedora mitjançant l’enfocament de Modelització d’equacions estructurals (SEM) - Smart Partial Least Square (PLS). Les troballes suggereixen que la Teoria del Comportament Planificat (TPB) és una eina important per predir les intencions empresarials. Per tant, les troballes donen suport al TPB per a l'IE a Ghana. Dos factors motivacionals (actitud cap a l’emprenedoria i control conductual percebut) relacionats amb l’EI, però SN van mostrar una associació no significativa amb l’EI. Aquest estudi també va trobar que SN afectava positivament l’actitud cap a l’emprenedoria i el control conductual percebut. Tot i això, només una (relació PSE-SN) de les hipòtesis basades en la demografia va ser significativa. El segon article examina l’efecte de l’actitud cap a l’emprenedoria, la norma subjectiva, el lloc de control, l’autoeficàcia empresarial i el suport ambiental sobre la intenció empresarial de 159 estudiants MBA de dues universitats privades de Ghana. L'estudi utilitza el modelatge d'equacions estructurals (SEM) per analitzar les dades obtingudes dels participants. Els resultats mostren que tots els factors, excepte l’autoeficàcia empresarial, afecten significativament les intencions empresarials dels estudiants. El tercer treball examina com els models d’autoocupació parental / models moderen (mitjançant l’anàlisi multigrup) la relació entre els antecedents de la intenció emprenedora i la valoració social (SV), la valoració més propera (CV), les habilitats emprenedores (ES) i el suport ambiental . Les dades de tres-cents dinou enquestats es van analitzar mitjançant modelització d’equacions estructurals (SEM). L'anàlisi multigrup es va utilitzar per provar el paper moderador de l'autoocupació dels pares (PSE) per determinar si hi ha una relació significativa entre els enquestats amb PSE i els enquestats sense PSE. D'acord amb estudis previs, l'actitud cap a l'emprenedoria (ATE) i el control conductual percebut (PBC) tenen un efecte positiu sobre la IE. Els resultats demostren que les habilitats emprenedores influeixen en ATE, PBC i la Norma subjectiva (SN). Pel que fa a la influència del coneixement ambiental percebut (ENSUP) i de l'ATE, la relació va ser insignificant, tot i que l'impacte de l'ENSUP en PBC i SN va ser significatiu. Respecte a les correlacions entre SV i CV i els antecedents de TPB respectivament, es van acceptar totes les hipòtesis excepte les relacions CV → ATE i SV → PBC. Aquest estudi va revelar que els enquestats amb autoocupació dels pares perceben una actitud més elevada respecte a l’emprenedoria, el PBC, les habilitats emprenedores, el suport a l’emprenedoria i la intenció emprenedora que els que no tenen PSE. No obstant això, el MGA va establir que la formació d’intencions empresarials és similar per als enquestats amb autoocupació parental i els enquestats sense PSE. Per tant, no hi va haver una relació significativa entre els enquestats amb PSE i els enquestats sense PSE. Finalment, el quart article investiga la intenció empresarial aplicant la teoria del comportament planificat d’Ajzen (1991). Hem examinat específicament el paper del gènere en l'educació emprenedora i els models a seguir o l'autoocupació dels pares, mitjançant la realització d'una anàlisi multigrup. Hem utilitzat un qüestionari basat en web per recopilar informació de 216 estudiants d’una universitat espanyola. Les dades es van analitzar amb l’ajut de Modelització d’equacions estructurals (SEM) - Parcial mínim quadrat (PLS). Hem realitzat una anàlisi tripartita sobre models complets, masculins i femenins. Pel que fa als models complets i masculins, es van acceptar totes les hipòtesis principals, en comparació amb quatre per al model femení. Tot i que aquest estudi ha confirmat l’aplicabilitat del model TPB a la intenció emprenedora, no hem trobat una relació significativa entre homes i dones sobre les seves intencions emprenedores per a algunes relacions. Però aquest estudi suggereix que la relació entre PSE i PBC és més forta per als homes que per a les dones. En general, la tesi proporciona noves visions sobre el model d’intenció emprenedora, adaptat del TPB. Aquesta tesi ha desenterrat algunes revelacions sobre intencions empresarials entre estudiants espanyols i ghanesos. A més del nou avanç teòric, la tesi ofereix implicacions rellevants per a estudiants, educadors, responsables polítics i grups d'interès en l'àmbit empresarial.
Esta tesis examina la intención emprendedora entre los estudiantes de educación terciaria, lo que llevó a la producción de cuatro artículos empíricos. El primer artículo investiga la influencia del control conductual percibido, la norma subjetiva y la actitud hacia el espíritu empresarial, en la intención empresarial utilizando el modelo de ecuación estructural (SEM) - enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales inteligentes (PLS). Los hallazgos sugieren que TPB es una herramienta importante para predecir las intenciones empresariales. Por lo tanto, los hallazgos respaldan el TPB para la IE en Ghana. Dos factores motivacionales (actitud hacia el emprendimiento y control conductual percibido) relacionados con la IE, pero el SN mostró una asociación no significativa con la IE. Este estudio también encontró que la SN afecta positivamente la actitud hacia el espíritu empresarial y el control conductual percibido. Sin embargo, solo una (relación PSE-SN) de las hipótesis demográficas fue significativa. El segundo artículo examina el efecto de la actitud hacia el espíritu empresarial, la norma subjetiva, el locus de control, la autoeficacia empresarial y el apoyo ambiental sobre la intención empresarial de 159 estudiantes de MBA de dos universidades privadas de Ghana. El estudio utiliza modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para analizar los datos obtenidos de los participantes. Los resultados muestran que todos los factores, excepto la autoeficacia empresarial, afectan significativamente las intenciones empresariales de los estudiantes. El tercer artículo examina cómo el trabajo por cuenta propia de los padres / modelos a seguir modera (utilizando el análisis multigrupo) la relación entre los antecedentes de la intención empresarial y la valoración social, la valoración más cercana, las habilidades emprendedoras y el apoyo ambiental. Los datos de trescientos diecinueve encuestados se analizaron mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Se utilizó el análisis multigrupo para probar el papel moderador del trabajo por cuenta propia de los padres (PSE) para determinar si existe una relación significativa entre los encuestados con PSE y los encuestados sin PSE. De acuerdo con estudios anteriores, ATE y PBC tienen un efecto positivo sobre la IE. Los resultados demuestran que las habilidades emprendedoras influyen en ATE, PBC y SN. En cuanto a la influencia del conocimiento ambiental percibido (ENSUP) y ATE, la relación fue insignificante, aunque el impacto de ENSUP en PBC y SN fue significativo. Con respecto a las correlaciones entre SV y CV y los antecedentes de TPB respectivamente, se aceptaron todas las hipótesis excepto CV → ATE y SV → PBC. Este estudio reveló que los encuestados con autoempleo de los padres perciben una mayor actitud hacia el emprendimiento, PBC, habilidades emprendedoras, apoyo emprendedor e intención emprendedora que aquellos sin PSE. Sin embargo, la MGA estableció que la formación de intenciones empresariales es similar para los encuestados con trabajo por cuenta propia de los padres y los encuestados sin PSE. Por lo tanto, no hubo una relación significativa entre los encuestados con PSE y los encuestados sin PSE. Por último, el cuarto artículo investiga la intención empresarial aplicando la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado de Ajzen (1991). Examinamos específicamente el papel del género en la educación empresarial y los modelos a seguir o el autoempleo de los padres, mediante la realización de un análisis multigrupo. Utilizamos un cuestionario basado en la web para recopilar información de 216 estudiantes de una universidad española. Los datos se analizaron con la ayuda de Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) - Partial Least Square (PLS). Realizamos un análisis tripartito sobre modelos completos, masculinos y femeninos. En cuanto a los modelos completo y masculino, se aceptaron todas las hipótesis principales, frente a cuatro para el modelo femenino. Aunque este estudio ha confirmado la aplicabilidad del modelo TPB a la intención empresarial, no encontramos una relación significativa entre hombres y mujeres sobre sus intenciones empresariales para algunas relaciones. Pero este estudio sugiere que la relación entre PSE y PBC es más fuerte para los hombres que para las mujeres. En general, la tesis proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre el modelo de intención empresarial, adaptado del TPB. Esta tesis ha desenterrado algunas revelaciones sobre las intenciones emprendedoras entre los estudiantes españoles y ghaneses. Además del novedoso avance teórico, la tesis ofrece implicaciones relevantes para estudiantes, educadores, responsables políticos y partes interesadas en el campo empresarial.
This thesis examines the entrepreneurial intention (EI) among tertiary students, which led to the production of four empirical papers. The first paper investigates the influence of Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC), Subjective Norm (SN) and Attitude towards Entrepreneurship (ATE), on Entrepreneurial Intention using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) – Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The findings suggest that Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is an important tool for predicting entrepreneurial intentions. Thus, the findings support the TPB for EI in Ghana. Two motivational factors (attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control) related to EI, but SN showed a non-significant association with EI. This study also found SN positively affecting attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control. However, only one (PSE-SN relationship) of the demographic-based hypotheses was significant. The second paper examines the effect of attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, locus of control, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and environmental support on entrepreneurial intention of 159 MBA students from two private universities in Ghana. The study uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyze the data obtained from the participants. The results show that all the factors but entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly affects students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The third paper examines how parental self-employment/role models moderates (using Multi-Group Analysis) the relationship between the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention and Social Valuation (SV), Closer Valuation (CV), Entrepreneurial Skills (ES), and Environmental Support. The data of three hundred and nineteen respondents were analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM). Multi-Group Analysis was used to test the moderating role of parental self-employment (PSE) to determine whether there is a significant relationship between respondents with PSE and respondents without PSE. Consistent with prior studies, Attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE) and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) have a positive effect on EI. The results prove that entrepreneurial skills influence ATE, PBC, and Subjective Norm (SN). Regarding the influence of perceived environmental knowledge (ENSUP) and ATE, the relationship was insignificant, though the impact of ENSUP on PBC and SN was significant. With respect to the correlations between SV and CV and the antecedents of TPB respectively, all the hypotheses were accepted except CV→ATE and SV→PBC relationships. This study revealed that respondents with parental self-employment perceive a higher attitude towards entrepreneurship, PBC, entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial support, and entrepreneurial intention than those without PSE. However, the MGA established that the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is similar for respondents with parental self-employment and respondents without PSE. Thus, there was no significant relationship between respondents with PSE and respondents without PSE. Lastly, the fourth paper investigates entrepreneurial intention by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991). We specifically examined the role of gender on entrepreneurial education and role models or parental self-employment, by carrying out a Multi-Group Analysis. We used a web-based questionnaire to collect information from 216 students at a Spanish university. Data were analysed with the help of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) – Partial Least Square (PLS). We conducted a tripartite analysis on Complete, Male, and Female Models. Regarding the Complete and Male Models, all the primary hypotheses were accepted, compared with four for the Female Model. Though this study has confirmed the applicability of the TPB model to entrepreneurial intention, we did not find a significant relationship between Males and Females about their entrepreneurial intentions for some relationships. But this study suggests that the relationship between PSE and PBC is stronger for Males than Females. Generally, the thesis provides new insights into the entrepreneurial intention model, adapted from the TPB. This thesis has unearthed some revelations about entrepreneurial intentions among Spanish and Ghanaian students. In addition to the novel theoretical advancement, the thesis offers relevant implications for students, educators, policy-makers and stakeholders in the entrepreneurial field.

The bacteriophage T4 utilizes at least three modes of initiation of replication, termed primary, secondary and tertiary (Mosig, 1983; Kreuzer and Alberts, 1985). Two origins of replication have been isolated that utilize the tertiary mode of initiation. The DNA sequence requirements of the two tertiary origins have been characterized at the nucleotide level. Maximal replication of each origin-containing plasmid required both an intact gpmotA-dependent middle-mode promoter sequence and approximately 50 basepairs of the downstream region. In contrast, gpmotA-dependent transcription from the origin promoter was found to be independent of the downstream region. The requirement for a promoter element within the tertiary origins is striking, particularly since the replication of tertiary origin-containing plasmids is resistant to the RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin.

Thesis (Masters of Environmental Health)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
In the Western Cape, South Africa and other regions globally, grape pomace (GP) is one of the abundant agro-waste from the winery industry. This study reports on the hyper-extraction of fermentable sugars from GP treated with white rot fungi (WRF) Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKMF 1767 to facilitate improved biovalorisation for total reducing sugars (TRS) extraction in conjunction with Nepenthes mirabilis digestive fluids. TRS were quantified using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent method. The free readily dissolvable sugars from the GP recorded for the bio-treated (BT) samples was 206.39 ± 0.06 mg/L and for the untreated (UT) samples was 271.05 ± 0.02 mg/L. Overall, the TRS yield for the Bio-treated (BT) and untreated (UT) samples was recorded as 205.68 ± 0.09 and 380.93 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively, using hot water pretreatment (HWP) with 2266.00 ± 0.73 (BT) and 2850.68 ± 0.31 mg/L (UT), respectively, for dilute acid pretreatment (DAP); with 2068.49 ± 6.02 (BT) and 2969.61 ± 8.054 mg/L (UT) respectively, using the cellulase pretreatment (CP) method. Using the HWP as a reference, the relative increases imparted by the biotreatment was higher (51%) for DAP and low (33%) for CP. The combination of conventional used pre-treatment methods (hot water pretreatment, dilute acid pre-treatment, and cellulase pre-treatment) in a single pot system was also done while monitoring the total residual phenolics (TRPCs) in the samples. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) were used to measure the crystallinity index (CrI) and functional groups of pre- and post-pretreated GP to ascertain the efficiency of the pre-treatment methods, with quantification of lignin, holocellulose, and ash. Overall, the TRS yield for N. mirabilis pre-treated agro-waste was 951 mg/L ± 4.666 mg/L, with biomass having a lower CrI of 33%, and 62% residual lignin content. Furthermore, reduced TRPCs were observed in hydrolysate, suggesting limited inhibitory by-product formation during N. mirabilis pre-treatment

The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.

Higher education institutions have unique web accessibility requirements. These institutions consist of every different type of research, along with teaching, marketing and e-commerce requirements, like promoting courses, collecting fees and providing course materials. They also have very specific accessibility requirements, often with teeny-tiny budgets! However, as different as these institutions are from other organizations, the more similar they are to one another. In over two decades of working with tertiary institutions, Gian Wild has developed a roadmap that is applicable to all different types of tertiary institutions, and that can take them from knowing nothing about accessibility to incorporating accessibility into every aspect of operations.This roadmap consists of five phases:- Quick wins, incorporating issues such as building an accessibility committee, developing a Disability Reference Group and Accessibility Champion, funding Disability Services, developing accessibility resources and capturing accessibility complaints.- Develop an Accessibility Plan, consisting of writing an Accessibility Statement, developing an Action Plan, updating Policies and Procedures and communicating with staff- Ensure web sites and applications meet accessibility requirements, including ensuring all future client web sites are accessible, creating an inventory of ICT, identifying applicable web sites, conducting testing, contacting vendors and undertaking fixes- Develop accessibility knowledge within the institution, such as providing training for web staff, faculty and Disability Services- Promote accessibility compliance, by conducting accessibility sessions, developing accessibility case studies and providing incentives and publicity for staff

The tertiary wastewater treatment experiment was performed on the experimental stand which was installed in a wastewater treatment plant and which consisted of three filters of the diameter of 380 mm with a non-submerged media. Biologically treated wastewater was constantly supplied to these filters. Tertiary wastewater treatment process was aggravated due to low temperature of wastewater (6 °C) and high fluctuations of load according to individual pollutants – the difference between the minimum and maximum values ranged from 3 to 10 times. The productivity of removal of pollutants according to individual contamination rates reached 8 to 43%.