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Korobeev, Alexander, Dmitriy Lobach, and Nguyen Hung. "Features of Terrorist-Oriented Criminality in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Measures of Legal Response to Fight it at the Present Stage." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).400-410.
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This article examines distinguishing features of terrorist-oriented criminality in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, exploring quantitative indicators of certain types of crimes. It is concluded that the current level of political violence in Vietnam is low. Using a wide range of data sources on composite indicators (Global Terrorism Index, Global Terrorism Database and Global Peace Index), it is concluded that to date Vietnam has recorded a low level of political violence. The research explores basic «criminogenic» conditions or factors that lead to relevant risk of growth of political violence. It should be noted that to some extent ethnic tensions still exist in Vietnam. There is also a great concern about criminal activity of a number of domestic and international terrorist organizations, which, in the short or long term, could disrupt domestic political situation and escalate terrorism. The researchers argue that although political and religious motives (e.g. establishing an Islamic state) underlie certain terrorist activities of international terrorist organizations and the fact that Muslims in Vietnam make up about 0,1 % of the countrys population, Vietnams international commitment to counter-terrorism is likely to make it a target of retaliation by these organizations. In addition, there is a possibility that these organizations may commit terrorist acts within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to support and fund terrorist activities in the future. We summarized that as at present in force Criminal Code of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam includes special provisions that carry liability for individual acts showing signs of terrorism (arts. 113, 299, 300 CC SRV) and norms within international obligations that cover criminal liability for other crimes of terrorist nature (crimes with indicators of terrorization). The comparative legal analysis of anti-terrorist statutes presented in the 2015 version of the Criminal Code of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam reveals legal and technical defects in certain material elements of terrorist offences. It is noted that Vietnamese legislator distinguishes two forms of terrorism: «traditional» terrorism, which pursues political aims (criminal acts against the peoples government, committed for the purpose of combating it) and terrorism aimed at creating a climate of fear in society.
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Madžuls, Juris. "THE ROLE OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS PROFILING METHODOLOGY." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v2i7.3485.
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The terrorist attacks have highlighted the importance of threats in the cross border dimension in regards to the identification of terrorists, the monitoring of ‘subjects of interest’ and other terrorism-related actors. The essence of research is determined by the dramatic increase of number of terrorists who perpetrated terrorist attacks and had used all available modes of transport, including legal and irregular options for crossing borders. The aim of the paper is to provide assistance in establishing/strengthening identification and profiling mechanisms in order to better distinguish among different categories of persons. The task of the paper is to analyse risk indicators provided by General Secretariat and compare them with European Border and Coast Guard Agency’s developed risk indicators in order to provide a support instrument (methodology for the profiling and identification of the foreign terrorist fighters (hereinafter – FTF) (hereinafter – the Methodology) for risk assessment performed at national level. In order to provide additional support for law enforcement agencies (especially for border guards) the author of the paper will come up with a range of recommendations. Main conclusion: At the national level, it is necessary to develop the Methodology of the FTF. Taking into account Methodology, it is possible to develop a system of risk indicators and apply them in practice to prevent irregular migration, trafficking in human beings etc. Primary methods: content analysis, multidimensional measurement and factor analysis. Achieved results: recommendations made by the author of the paper will improve the border check procedures regarding identification of FTF.
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Gruenewald, Jeff, Brent R. Klein, Grant Drawve, Brent L. Smith, and Katie Ratcliff. "Suspicious preoperational activities and law enforcement interdiction of terrorist plots." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2018-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a metric for validating the Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) Initiative’s (NSI) sixteen-category instrument, which is designed to guide law enforcement in the collection and analysis of suspicious behaviors preceding serious crimes, including terrorist attacks. Design/methodology/approach Data on suspicious preoperational activities and terrorism incident outcomes in the USA between 1972 and 2013 come from the American Terrorism Study (ATS). Using a mixed-method approach, the authors conduct descriptive and multivariate analyses to examine the frequencies of the least and most prevalent suspicious activities (or SAR indicators) and how they predict the likelihood of terrorism prevention. In addition, the authors contextualize how configurations of SAR indicators are associated with the successful thwarting of terrorism incidents by law enforcement using an analytical method known as conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC). Findings The study reveals several key findings. First, certain behaviors categorized as suspicious, such as making threats, occur more frequently than others. Second, making threats, conducting surveillance and terrorist recruitment/financing predict law enforcement interdiction in terrorism plots, while misrepresentation (or the manufacturing and use of false documents) is more associated with terrorist success. Third, prevalent SAR indicators operate differently in the context of various combinations of suspicious activities to shape the likelihood for law enforcement interdiction. Research limitations/implications The current study’s findings may not be generalizable to other forms of violent extremism and terrorism outside of the USA. Practical implications This study illuminates opportunities for the NSI to provide law enforcement with the necessary tools to reduce terrorism risk and prevent future attacks. Originality/value To our knowledge, no scholarly work to date has assessed how observable behavioral indicators of suspicious preoperational activities affect the outcomes of terrorist plots.
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Gelpi, Christopher, and Nazli Avdan. "Democracies at risk? A forecasting analysis of regime type and the risk of terrorist attack." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 1 (November 3, 2015): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215608998.
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How substantial is democracy as a cause of transnational terrorist attacks? Can our identification of democratic political systems help us to anticipate the flow of transnational terrorism? We seek to address these questions by analyzing data on transnational terrorist incidents from 1968 to 2007. We rely on receiver operating curves as a diagnostic tool to assess forecasting ability of various models of terrorist activity. Our analyses yield four central conclusions. First, our model of transnational terrorism provides a fairly strong basis for forecasting attacks—at least at the (relatively broad) level of the country-year. Second, while the overall forecasting capacity of this model is fairly strong, democracy adds very little to our capacity to forecast terrorist attacks relative to a parsimonious model that includes only distance and the prior history of terrorism. Collectively, these two variables perform about as well as a much more broadly specified model in forecasting terrorist attacks out of sample. Third, the model is highly redundant in a predictive sense. That is, many if not most of the other variables appear to provide similar information in terms of identifying terrorist attacks. Finally, we suggest that scholars focus on the development of more fine-grained and time-variant predictive indicators in order to improve our ability to forecast transnational terrorism.
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Novikov, Andrey Vadimovich. "Forecasting the risk of terrorist attacks based on machine learning algorithms." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2022): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2022.1.36596.
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This article is devoted to the analysis and prediction of the risk of terrorist acts based on a comparison of various machine learning algorithms. In order to determine the most important indicators, more than thirty external and internal risk factors are comprehensively considered by quantifying them and an initial set of initial data is built. The study analyzes multidimensional socio-economic and political data for 136 countries for the period from 1992 to 2020. Four indicators are also predicted, reflecting the expected success of terrorist attacks, the likelihood of socio-economic consequences and general damage from terrorism. In addition to the classical analysis models, the effectiveness of the other four machine learning algorithms that can be used to analyze multidimensional data is compared. To predict the risk of terrorist attacks, a random forest model is created, and the effectiveness and accuracy of the model are evaluated based on statistical criteria. To determine the most important initial indicators, the method of recursive elimination of features in a random forest was used. The main result of this study is to identify the most important indicators for predicting the risk of terrorism and to reduce redundant indicators, which makes it possible to improve understanding of the main characteristics of attacks. Meanwhile, the results show that it is necessary to take appropriate proactive measures not only in the form of forceful detention, intelligence and response operations, but also to improve the stability of the state, achieve social balance and improve the quality of life of citizens.
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Tejkal, Martin, Jakub Odehnal, and Jaroslav Michálek. "Economic and Political Determinants of Terrorism in Selected European Countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 6 (2020): 1019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068061019.
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In this paper, we aim to assess the connection between terrorist attacks and socioeconomic and political indicators through an empirical study of selected 16 European countries. In order to reduce the dimension of the problem, factor analysis is applied in order to transform the indicator variables into factors. The countries are classified into clusters based on similarity of their economic and political indicator development, using loadings of the indicators onto the factors. For countries in each cluster, the connection of their political and socioeconomic indicators with terrorist attacks is then studied via correlation analysis of the attacks and the aforementioned factors. We propose two hypotheses – the hypothesis of opportunity costs, and the hypothesis of economic deprivation. For countries in each cluster, the hypotheses are examined with the use of correlation analysis. The results indicate that economic development affects the frequency of terrorist attacks in Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Switzerland.
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Сагайдак, Альбина, Albina Sagaidak, Наталья Корсикова, and Natalia Korsikova. "Deterministic features of terrorism in modern Russia." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-2-178-184.
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The article is devoted to the criminological analysis of the causes and conditions conducive to the manifestation of crimes of a terrorism nature in the Russian Federation? Focusing on the activities of the internal affairs bodies in countering terrorism. The coat characteristic of quantitative indicators of crimes of a terrorist nature for 2015-2018 is given. The article summarizes the scientific experience of studying the main factors causing terrorist manifestations in the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the ode of the main factors contributing to terrorism in the Russian Federation - the presence of radical groups that promote their ideology among the teenage generation. The authors determined the place of the «Concept of the State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019-2025» in the system of prevention of modern terrorism, and also analyzed the main legal acts that are the legal «foundation» in this area. The content of the opposition implemented by the internal affairs bodies is emphasized.
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Tikhomirov, N. P., and A. V. Novikov. "Risks of acts of terrorism and specific features of their estimation." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2019-2-198-210.
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The article studies specific features of relatively new risks of declining the level of social and economic stability of states due to acts of terrorism and approaches to their estimation and prevention. Specificity of these risks are shown, which are connected with unlimited spheres of activity and methods of terrorists, vagueness of their reasoning and so on, which determines the high level of uncertainty in probability estimation, damages and other consequences of their activity. The structure of damages was systemized, within the frames of which direct and indirect damages in different fields of national economy and population of global community were identified. Estimation of such damaged which took place in different countries was provided. Unique characteristics of risks of terroristic attacks were given, which differ from other types of economic risks and predetermine the necessity to develop specific steps and strategies of their prevention. Key lines in the activity aimed at reducing risks of terroristic threats were discussed that stipulate disclosing basic factors promoting their appearance, estimation of conditions and trends in their development and elaboration of methods counteracting such threats. Legal basis of counteracting terrorism in the Russian Federation was considered that imply strengthening the role of state in the struggle against this phenomenon, for example by allocation of necessary finance resources directed to the development of accessible network of information, to the improvement of objects’ safeguarding, insurance protection of the population and other lines in anti-terrorist activity. The author discusses possible approaches to estimation of probability of terroristic attacks by using binary and multiple choice with regard to indicators showing conditions of their conducting.
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Chen, Lin, and Fengyun Mu. "Spatiotemporal characteristics and driving forces of terrorist attacks in Belt and Road regions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0248063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248063.
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To achieve the strategic goals of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is necessary to deepen our understanding of terrorist attacks in BRI countries. First, we selected data for terrorist attacks in BRI regions from 1998 to 2017 from the Global Terrorism Database and analyzed their time distribution using trend analysis and wavelet analysis. Then, we used honeycomb hexagons to present the spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, based on the Fragile States Index, we used GeoDetector to analyze the driving forces of the terrorist attacks. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) During 1998–2017, the number of events was the highest on Mondays and the lowest on Fridays. In addition, the incidence of events was high between Monday and Thursday but was the lowest on Fridays and Saturdays. The number of events was the largest in January, May, July, and November and was the lowest in June and September; the incidence of terrorist attacks from April to May and July to August was high. (2) Terrorist attacks showed a 10-year cycle during the study period. Terrorist attacks in the last 10 years of the study period were broader in scope and higher in number compared with the previous 10 years. In addition, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and northeastern Europe saw many new terrorist attacks during the latter 10 years. (3) The number of terrorist attacks by bombing/explosion was the largest, followed by armed attack; assassination, kidnapping, and infrastructure attacks were the least frequent. The core areas of the terrorist attacks were Iraq, Israel, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. (4) The driving force analysis revealed that the indicators “security apparatus,” “human flight and brain drain,” and “external intervention” contributed the most to BRI terrorist attacks.
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Hunter, Lance Y., Joseph W. Robbins, and Martha H. Ginn. "TERRORISM AND RIGHT-PARTY VOTE SHARES IN LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS." World Affairs 184, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 441–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00438200211050905.
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This study examines the electoral consequences for ideologically right-leaning political parties in the wake of terrorist attacks by employing an original dataset that captures political party vote shares and multiple terrorist indicators. Our analysis extends the partisan voting hypothesis to 56 democracies from multiple regions and levels of development between 1975–2014. Specifically, we find that the origins of terrorist perpetrators, the severity of terrorist attacks, and the frequency of terrorist incidents decrease right-party vote shares in legislative contests when incorporating standard controls. All told, these findings reinforce political psychological reasoning that contends terrorist attacks impact citizens’ emotions and voting calculations.
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Грабчук, Олександр, and Ірина Супрунова. "Financial monitoring as a condition for ensuring the state security of the country: concepts, components, stages of development." Public administration aspects 8, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152082.
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The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical aspects of the system of preventing and combating money laundering and terrorist financing, determining the main directions and consequences of the development of the financial monitoring system as a whole and its components. At the present stage, international terrorism has intensified. Legalization of illicit proceeds and terrorist financing is one of the threats to national security. Financial monitoring is an effective tool for overcoming this threat in the world. The system of prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds and financing of terrorism consists of financial monitoring and law enforcement unit. Institutional, methodological, organizational and normative-legal support is allocated as parts of financial monitoring. Institutional support is a key component of the financial monitoring system. Its elements affect other components of the system, determine the effectiveness of its operation. The characteristics and stages of development of institutional support are given. To determine the effectiveness of the financial monitoring system, it is advisable to use indicators of institutional support. The analysis of these indicators showed the effectiveness of the domestic financial monitoring system. The conclusions are to substantiate the areas for further improvement of the components of the financial monitoring system: for institutional support – the need to further establish the procedure for exchanging information with law enforcement agencies and state regulators is justified; for regulatory and legal support – the expediency of adopting regulatory and legal documents that will consolidate the legal status of new objects of financial monitoring is reflected; for organizational support – the expediency of expanding the requirements for training is reflected. This training should take into account the latest changes in legislation in the field of preventing and combating money laundering and terrorist financing.
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Theodosiadou, Ourania, Kyriaki Pantelidou, Nikolaos Bastas, Despoina Chatzakou, Theodora Tsikrika, Stefanos Vrochidis, and Ioannis Kompatsiaris. "Change Point Detection in Terrorism-Related Online Content Using Deep Learning Derived Indicators." Information 12, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070274.
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Given the increasing occurrence of deviant activities in online platforms, it is of paramount importance to develop methods and tools that allow in-depth analysis and understanding to then develop effective countermeasures. This work proposes a framework towards detecting statistically significant change points in terrorism-related time series, which may indicate the occurrence of events to be paid attention to. These change points may reflect changes in the attitude towards and/or engagement with terrorism-related activities and events, possibly signifying, for instance, an escalation in the radicalization process. In particular, the proposed framework involves: (i) classification of online textual data as terrorism- and hate speech-related, which can be considered as indicators of a potential criminal or terrorist activity; and (ii) change point analysis in the time series generated by these data. The use of change point detection (CPD) algorithms in the produced time series of the aforementioned indicators—either in a univariate or two-dimensional case—can lead to the estimation of statistically significant changes in their structural behavior at certain time locations. To evaluate the proposed framework, we apply it on a publicly available dataset related to jihadist forums. Finally, topic detection on the estimated change points is implemented to further assess its effectiveness.
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Tierney, Michael. "Spotting the lone actor: combating lone wolf terrorism through financial investigations." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-08-2016-0052.
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Purpose In 2014, Paul Gill et al. introduced a study of 119 lone-actor terrorism cases, and found that lone-actor extremists could be more accurately identified by their behavioural characteristics and activities, rather than their extremist ideologies. The study was said to have significant impact on intelligence analysis in the field of counterterrorism. The purpose of this paper is to apply Gill et al.’s findings to financial intelligence investigations, to assist investigators with the detection and prevention of lone-actor terrorist financing. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the key findings provided by Gill et al. It then discusses the indicators of lone-actor terrorism in the context of financial intelligence investigations, and sets out methods to improve financial intelligence investigations to better identify and stop lone-actor terrorism in the future. Findings By applying traditional financial intelligence techniques, which focus on assessing an individual’s activity and behaviour, with open-source intelligence gathering, financial intelligence investigators will be better equipped to identify lone-actor terrorism and its financing moving forward. Originality/value This article will be of value to investigators specializing in terrorism and financial crime, as it will assist them in the identification of a proliferating security threat, the lone-actor terrorist. While the article relies on the findings provided by Gill et al., it takes a new approach by applying those findings specifically to the financial intelligence sector, to improve investigations related to terrorism.
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Das, Ramesh Chandra, and Sovik Mukherjee. "Determinants of Terrorism in South Asia." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2018100102.
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Terrorist activities in the post-Paris Peace Treaties have emerged as one of the most perilous agendas that are troubling the world economies and political figures in securing their nations and regions. Several socio-economic factors were evidenced to be the crucial factors in determining terrorist activities all around the world. The present article strives to identify the significance of several socio economic factors, namely, refugee population, access to good sanitation facilities, youth unemployment rate, percentage of education expenditure to GDP, percentage of military expenditure to GDP, per capita GDP and political stability in the panel of seven South Asian countries and China for the period 2002-2016. By applying both static and dynamic panel models, the article observes that all of the selected variables explain the terrorism index with expected signs. The article thus prescribes that the governments of the selected countries should concentrate on allocating their budgets on the improvements of sectors underlying the associated indicators.
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Neo, Loo Seng. "Understanding the Community's Perceptions Towards Online Radicalisation." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.297860.
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This study seeks to understand the community’s perceptions towards detecting signs of online radicalisation and examine whether different community members would exhibit different levels of understanding. A 57-item survey was administered to 160 undergraduates from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and 160 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers. Based on the ratings of the 42 online radicalisation indicators identified by Neo (2020), two-factor analyses were separately conducted using oblique rotation to undercover a four-factor structure for the NTU sample and a three-factor solution for the MTurk sample. The results revealed valuable insights into how community members would identify terrorist threats. Furthermore, the survey revealed differences in the participants’ views on the role of the internet in radicalisation pathways and their perceptions regarding various counter-terrorism strategies. Together, the findings would contribute to the discussion of how law enforcement could better engage and work together with the community members to detect terrorist threats.
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Ginosar, Avshalom, and Inbar Cohen. "Patriotic journalism: An appeal to emotion and cognition." Media, War & Conflict 12, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217710678.
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Patriotic behavior in the journalistic coverage of conflicts is usually related to the coverage of wars and terrorist attacks. Such behavior is characterized in the literature by various practices which deviate from the objective or neutral model of journalism and which are more closely related to the ‘our news’ or ‘our war’ mode of coverage. This study suggests an analytical framework that classifies the indicators of patriotic journalistic coverage in two categories: appealing to public emotions, and appealing to public cognition. This framework is tested in the analysis of two related events: the killing of a terrorist by a state, and the revenge action carried out by a terrorist organization. Both types of patriotic indicator were found in both events. While the authors’ findings enhance the view that journalists take sides in national conflicts, they undermine the assertion that journalists use different practices of patriotic coverage depending on whether ‘their side’ is the aggressor or the victim in the conflict.
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Gainetdinov, Renat Nuretdinovich, and Zufar Ildarovich Tahirov. "GTI and TESAT Anti-Terrorism Reports for 2020: the results of a comparative analysis." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 4 (April 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2020.4.34430.
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The subject of this research is the content and methodology of the relevant and informative public international anti-terrorism reports – the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) and the European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TESAT) for 2020. The goal of this article consists in examination of applicability of analogous methodologies of socio-legal scientific research dedicated to the phenomenon of terrorism in the national strategic anti-terrorist law enforcement and law protection activities. The research task is to give a general overview to GTI and TESAT anti-terrorism reports for 2020, explore their structure and content, analyze the statistical data on international terrorism and terrorism in the EU member-states for 2019. The object of this article is the strategic data on the criminalized phenomenon of terrorism from the perspective of international law. The scientific information analysis of statistical data on terrorism allows differentiating terrorism by the subjective aspect of this act, view it in space and time for developing a deeper understanding on the factors and conditions of its proliferation, determine the strategies on counteraction. The conclusion is formulated that in the international scientific research terrorism is viewed as a sociological phenomenon, and rather than cumulative unlawful acts alone; the international community converge the approaches towards understanding and criminalization of terrorism (coordinate the lists of terrorist organizations and suspected individuals). The novelty of this work consists in the description of modern scientific methods of information analysis of the data on terrorism in the European Union and worldwide – trends, indicators, geoinformation representation and data analysis, as well as other relevant methods of statistical data analysis. The author’s special contribution is the comparison of methodological approaches of the two anti-terrorism research, as well as in publication of relevant information from foreign sources
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Sarkar, Swati. "Assessment of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Risks in a Nonprofit Organization." Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjebm.2021.v08i08.006.
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Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) handle enormous sums of cash and routinely transfer monies across countries. NPOs have historically functioned under fewer formal regulatory controls and a less rigorous administrative and financial management style. Criminal and terrorist misuse is said to be more likely in the industry. The abuse of nonprofits by terrorist entities has a long history, business, and financial indicators. They are often utilizing in industries where prevention is critical. Indicators can improve forewarning, allowing for the mitigation of dangers before they materialize or detecting existing misuse. Numerous elements were founded in the case studies that showed that an NPO was being abused or was at high risk of being abused. These elements have been compiled in this chapter to assist all stakeholders, including nonprofits, government actors, financial institutions, and designated non-financial businesses or professions (DNFBPs), in identifying and investigating potential cases of abuse within a specific NPO the more significant NPO sector. While the list of indicators provided here is extensive and global in scope, it is not exhaustive; there are likely to be additional indications peculiar to certain settings found within specific national jurisdictions, as per FATF Recommendation 1 (national risk assessment).
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Pashuta, Valery, and Nikolay Yeliseyev. "Indicators of readiness of supernumerary groups to anti-terrorist activity." Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta, no. 93 (November 2012): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2012.11.93.p90-94.
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Schuurman, Bart, and Quirine Eijkman. "Indicators of terrorist intent and capability: Tools for threat assessment." Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2015): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2015.1040426.
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Hakim, Anwar Luqman, and Zora A. Sukabdi. "Analysis of the Relationship Between Climate Change Impacts and Terrorism in ASEAN (1990-2018)." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 4 (January 31, 2023): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.357.
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In August 1967, realizing that peace and stability is the catalyst to economic growth, 5 nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and The Philippines) formed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The group eventually evolved and adding more members resulting with a grouping of 10 states with the addition of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao’s PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. This paper intends to review the link between climate change and terrorism in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Association of Southeast Asian Nations/ASEAN). The datasets used to form the empirical model are the number of terrorist attacks from 1990-2018 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and Climate Change Indicators 1990-2018 recorded in The World Bank. Using multiple regression analysis, the study answered the research question as ‘An increase in access to electricity, rainfall, and farmland size has a statistical probability of increasing terrorism attacks in ASEAN, while an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, statistically has a probability of reducing terrorism attacks in ASEAN member states.
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Yarovenko, Hanna, Olena Kolotilina, and Alona Svitlychna. "Аssessment of the convergence level of the cyber security system and counteraction of money laundering." 14, no. 14 (December 30, 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2310-9513-2021-14-12.
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The growth of financial and cyber fraud leads to the destabilization of the country's financial sector and negatively affects the development of their economy, which requires the development and implementation of effective tools and measures at the level of public administration. The convergence of the cybersecurity system and counteraction of money laundering and terrorist financing is a promising area in the fight against financial fraud. The subject of research in the article is a scientific and methodological approach to forming integrated indicators for assessing the state of various systems, which is based on the Harrington - Mencher function. The aim is to determine the level of potential convergence of the cybersecurity system and counteraction of money laundering and terrorist financing based on the definition of their integrated indicators and the application of the Harrington-Mencher function. Objectives: to form a base of factors for evaluation; to carry out their normalization by applying nonlinear normalization; to transform the normalized values of the selected indicators of the research base to the dimensionless scale of Harrington's desirability; identify the function type of the dependence of the intermediate indicator value to assess the level of convergence of the cybersecurity system and combating financial fraud, from their actual values; calculate indicators to formalize the Harrington-Mencher transformation; to determine weight indicators using canonical analysis; to calculate integrated indicators that characterize the level of development of the cybersecurity system and counteraction to money laundering, as well as to determine the level of systems convergence. The article uses general scientific methods: system analysis - to determine the factors that characterize cybersecurity systems and combat financial fraud; Harrington-Mencher method of preference and function during integrated evaluation. The following results were obtained: in terms of cybersecurity, the highest scores are given to economically developed countries - European countries, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan. Other countries have many problems in this area, as evidenced by their assessments of "very poor", "poor" and "satisfactory". The level of opposition to money laundering has shown that this area is critical for countries with high levels of crime, terrorism, military conflicts and high levels of financial secrecy, making them potential actors in money laundering. It is also established that due to the convergence of the two systems, the country's level of development will increase. Conclusions: the results of the study should be taken into account in the process of developing a strategy for the convergence of the cybersecurity system and combating financial fraud at the macro level.
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Piazza, James A. "The determinants of domestic right-wing terrorism in the USA: Economic grievance, societal change and political resentment." Conflict Management and Peace Science 34, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215570429.
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This study tests three categories of motivations for domestic right-wing terrorism in the USA: economic grievances, particularly those produced by economic restructuring; societal changes that challenge notions of white male privilege; and political and public policy elements that stoke resentments. Executing a series of negative binomial regression estimations on state-level data in the USA for the period 1970–2011, I find that measures of societal factors—specifically increase in abortion rates and growing female participation in the labor force—and political indicators such as Democratic Party control of the White House, precipitate right-wing terrorist attacks. Factors associated with economic hardships—such as poverty, the decline of manufacturing employment and the “Farm Crisis”—as well as growth of the non-white population, control of state government by the Democratic Party and growth of average Federal Income Tax rates—are not found to be significant predictors of right-wing terrorism.
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Idrisov, Kyuri, Islam Khazhuev, and Aslanbek Saidov. "Comparative analysis of the emotional state of persons involved in terrorist activities." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 10030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127310030.
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The paper presents the results of a study of mental states in persons prosecuted for terrorist activities, as well as a comparative analysis of their indicators with a control group selected from among ordinary youth of the Chechen Republic. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of mental states, as well as the leading signs of anxiety, aggressiveness, frustration and rigidity, taking into account the presence or absence of an individual's criminal past associated with terrorist activities. As part of the experiment, 67 people were interviewed, 32 of whom were in the past active participants in terrorist organizations banned on the territory of Russia and at the time of the study are under investigation or are already serving a sentence for committed crimes.
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Morse, Julia C. "Blacklists, Market Enforcement, and the Global Regime to Combat Terrorist Financing." International Organization 73, no. 03 (2019): 511–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081831900016x.
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AbstractThis paper highlights how international organizations can use global performance indicators (GPIs) to drive policy change through transnational market pressure. When international organizations are credible assessors of state policy, and when monitored countries compete for market resources, GPIs transmit information about country risk and stabilize market expectations. Under these conditions banks and investors may restrict access to capital in noncompliant states and incentivize increased compliance. I demonstrate this market-enforcement mechanism by analyzing the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an intergovernmental body that issues nonbinding recommendations to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The FATF's public listing of noncompliant jurisdictions has prompted international banks to move resources away from listed states and raised the costs of continued noncompliance, significantly increasing the number of states with laws criminalizing terrorist financing. This finding suggests a powerful pathway through which institutions influence domestic policy and highlights the power of GPIs in an age where information is a global currency.
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Hakeem Olatunji Tijani. "Good Governance and Terrorism in Nigeria." Jurnal Administrasi Publik Public Administration Journal 12, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jap.v12i2.8221.
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Nigeria has been fighting a war against terrorism for long time. It is uncertain if the war can be won because it has been exacerbated by lack of good governance. People have been deprived of economic opportunities, they are socially insecure and politically docile. This has had dire consequences for their human emancipation, which good governance attempts to build. Terrorism has found convenient marketability among the people as failure of the state in good governance has meant easy recruitment for terrorist activities. Therefore, for the war to be effectively prosecuted and won, sources of impediments to good governance need to be identified and addressed squarely. In other words, the curtailment of terrorism in Nigeria is hinged on abilities of the Nigerian state to promote good governance. Presently, Nigeria has been bedeviled with the twinning tragicness of terrorism and lack of good governance, the two signify failure for the state. Dishearteningly, today, Nigeria is on the verge of becoming a failed state because of its failure in good governance, Nigeria has continually witnessed decline in indicators of good governance. It has become incapable to provide security to citizens as acts of terrorism, banditry and kidnapping have been aggravated in the country.
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Aldegheiry, Huda AbdulAziz. "Family Role in Facing the Prevalence of Terrorist Ideas among Adolescents." Journal of Educational and Social Research 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2019-0057.
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Abstract The current study aimed at identifying family role in facing the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents from the perspective of students, parents, and educational and intellectual security specialists. The descriptive analytical method was utilized in this study. The sample consisted of (92) students, (32) parents, and (14) educational and intellectual security specialists. Two electronic questionnaires were prepared. Results indicated that the most significant indicators of the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents are provoking a fierce argument with family members who disagree with them and showing intolerance towards others. The most important causes that lead to the adoption of terrorist ideas by adolescents are the parents' lack of information about the friends of adolescents and about people whom they follow on social media. The most effective educational methods that should be adopted by the family to face the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents are guiding them to respect the public rights and to choose the right companions. The study suggested raising awareness among parents about the developmental characteristics, behavioral problems, and social and psychological pressures of various age stages and preventing adolescents from watching porno movies.
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Hasković, Edita. "Trends in the Manifestation of Terrorism Inspired by the Radical Islamic Discourse From Its Emergence to the Present Day." Kriminalističke teme 22, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2022): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/kt.2022.22.3-4.87.
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This paper analyzes the most important trends in the manifestation of terrorism inspired by radical Islamic discourse since its appearance in the Middle East and North Africa in the 1980s until the present day.
Considering the very specific historical context of this region, an insight into it was unavoidable, in an attempt to identify the key factors that favored the emergence of this type of terrorism, as well as its gradual affirmation in regional and international frameworks.
The trends in the manifestation of terrorism inspired by radical Islamic discourse are viewed in this paper through two main time periods. The first covers the period from 1980. to 2000, when this type of terrorism began to appear in the countries of the MENA region, with gradual regional affirmation and expressed ambitions to extend the radius of activity of the newly formed radical Islamist organization to the international level. The second period commenced after the brutal terrorist attacks on American targets on September 11, 2001 and the declaration of war on terrorism, which, based on the indicators presented in this paper, inaugurated the era of progressive and extremely worrying rise of terrorism inspired by radical Islamic discourse, especially from the moment the entry of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) onto the international stage in mid-June 2014.
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Brunová, Markéta, and Barbora Vegrichtová. "The Manifestation of Terrorism and Extremism in Prisons." Security Dimensions 31, no. 31 (September 30, 2019): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0278.
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The paper deals with prison facilities from the perspective of the security threats of radicalization and terrorism. Prisons are continuously assessed as an ideal recruitment pool for extremist and terrorist organizations. Prison environment concentrates various persons with criminal past and with the tendencies to accept different ideological doctrines or radical interpretations of religions. Many of prisoners suffer from stress, lack of social and family support, uncertain future, depressions and frustration. Such factors could initiate or accelerate radicalization process in correctional facilities. This security problem is in contemporary days discussed in many European countries. All security experts and academic institutions came to the fact, that the crucial attribute of this issue is prevention and appropriate identification of the indicators of radicalization. The paper gives an overview of the most significant findings in this field, summarizes the experiences of Czech Republic and gives examples of good practices.
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Pollari, Cristina D., Jennifer Brite, Robert M. Brackbill, Lisa M. Gargano, Shane W. Adams, Pninit Russo-Netzer, Jonathan Davidov, Victoria Banyard, and James E. Cone. "World Trade Center Exposure and Posttraumatic Growth: Assessing Positive Psychological Change 15 Years after 9/11." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010104.
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We evaluated the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among survivors of the 9/11 terrorist attack and how indicators of psychosocial well-being, direct 9/11-related exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) relate to PTG. PTG was examined among 4934 participants using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine if the original factor structure of the PTGI fits our data and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the appropriate factor structure. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between PTG and indicators of psychosocial well-being, 9/11-related exposure, and PTSS, controlling for covariates. CFA identified a two-factor structure of the PTGI as a better fit than the original five-factor model. Participants who experienced very high 9/11-related exposure level (ß = 7.72; 95% CI: 5.75–9.70), higher PTSS at waves 1 (ß = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08–0.18) and 2 (ß = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.05–0.14), high social integration (ß = 5.71; 95% CI: 4.47, 6.96), greater social support (ß = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.61), and higher self-efficacy (ß = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48) had higher PTGI scores. Our findings suggest PTG is present, 15 years following the 9/11 terrorist attack. Very high-level 9/11 exposure, PTSS, and indicators of psychosocial well-being were associated with PTG.
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Gavlovsky, A. D., and I. A. Golovanova. "ANALYSIS OF DISABILITY DYNAMICS AMONG ANTI-TERRORIST OPERATION PARTICIPANTS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.1.3.
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The antiterrorist operation, which has been lasting in eastern Ukraine for 5 years, is stealing thousands of human lives, and those, who are lucky to survive, in many cases, have become disabled. The assessment of disability group (disability severity) corresponds to the clause 19 of the Article 6 of the Law of Ukraine “On the status of war veterans and guarantees of their social protection”. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the primary disability among participants of anti-terrorist operation. Analysis of the primary disability prevalence in the Poltava region for 2015-2018 was based on the data provided by the Centre of Medical and Social Expert Commission of Poltava region and registered in the form 14 “Report on the causes of disability, indications for medical, occupational and social rehabilitation for 20__ year” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine No. 378, 10.07.2007. We applied the analysis of the dynamic series and the odds ratio. The study revealed a significant increase in the number of anti-terrorist operation participants examined at the medical and social expert commission. The number of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine who got a disability group increased by 198.5%. The number of servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine assigned a disability group increased by 600%. Inspected by the medical-social expert commission of military personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the Poltava region, no significant changes in these indicators were found. Thus, an increase in the number of disabilities among participants in the antiterrorist operation requires the development of a rehabilitation system provided through all the levels of medical care.
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Bidzilya, Yuriy M., Yevhen O. Solomin, Halyna V. Shapovalova, Viktoriia V. Georgiievska, and Nataliya M. Poplavska. "The stability of State information in the face of terrorist threats." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 70 (October 10, 2021): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.16.
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The objective of the study is to identify the key factors of the stability of state information in the face of terrorist threats based on the review of existing research in this area, and to identify the main approaches to ensure the stability of state information in the face of terrorist threats. Based on the analysis of scientific works, the factors of the state's resistance to cyberterrorism are identified and the main approaches are organized to ensure the stability of state information in the face of terrorist threats. The results of the study provide an understanding of the key factors needed to achieve the legal, technical, organizational, and operational areas of state resilience to cyber threats. Further research may aim to perform empirical calculations of indicators from around the world to determine certain dependencies in the field of cybersecurity. It is concluded that factors such as the growing impact of information and communication technologies on public relations, production activities, the operation of infrastructure facilities and the activities of public authorities, indicate that the issue of security as a line of scientific research is urgent.
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Irwin, Angela S. M., and George Milad. "The use of crypto-currencies in funding violent jihad." Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at current discourse on the topic of crypto-currencies, more specifically Bitcoins, and their application to funding acts of terror. The paper clearly establishes the risks posed by this new payment technology and value transfer system to assist in the process of funding, planning and implementing acts of terror. Design/methodology/approach Publications, blogs and sites published and administered by terrorists groups and their supporters are examined to determine their interest in leveraging emerging payment and value transfer systems to facilitate the funding, planning and implementation of terror attacks. Press releases and other publications are also examined to determine whether crypto-currencies have been used by these groups in fund raising, fund transfer or recent terror attacks. Findings Although it is difficult to find concrete evidence of largescale use of Bitcoins and other crypto-currencies by terrorist groups and their supporters, there is strong evidence to suggest that they have been linked to a number of terror attacks in Europe and Indonesia. Supporters of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), jihadists and terrorist organisations are actively looking to and promoting the use of new and emerging technologies, such as Bitcoin, to mitigate some of the risks associated with traditional fund transfer methods. Some websites associated with terrorist organisations have started to collect donations in Bitcoins. Many Bitcoin ATMs and Bitcoin exchanges are located in countries that have seen significant numbers of foreign fighters join ISIS in the Middle East and are also positioned in countries that have seen increased risk of terror attack. These present a significant risk because they allow for the seamless, anonymous transfer of funds to and from terrorist groups and their supporters. The paper highlights the need for further in-depth research into reliable ways to circumvent the current difficulties experienced in differentiating illicit transactions from legitimate ones and establishing reliable means of attribution. Originality/value Using a document published by ISIS, which provides would-be jihadists detailed instructions on how they can get to Syria or Iraq without being detected, a set of models were created showing how this could be achieved using Bitcoins alone. From this scenario, red flag indicators and suspicious behaviour models have been created to determine whether they can be identified during detailed analysis of the Bitcoin blockchain which will be conducted in later stages of research.
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Ali, Hina, Sumaira Khalid, Iqra Ashraf, and Naheed Anwar. "Extremism & Terrorism: A Political Issue or An Economic One?" Review of Education, Administration & LAW 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i1.124.
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Extremism and terrorism have become a serious threat to Pakistan’s security and well-being. Pakistan is situated in an uncomfortable and unfriendly neighborhood and faces an existential challenge from domestic forces of sectional and ethnic militancy and terrorism. These problems started after the 9/11 attacks. The extremists have not only affected the life in tribal areas but have also invaded the well-developed urban cities of Pakistan as well. The lusts for power, religious differences, regional disparities, political instability, illiteracy, foreign involvements, Afghan Jihad of 1975, low socioeconomic indicators, and non-democratic values are a few of the many reasons that have added fuel to the fire of militancy, terrorism, and extremism. More than 75 thousand people in Pakistan have either been killed by terrorist groups or have become a victim of religious militants and extremists. To address these problems Pakistan took a few measures such as the launching of Zarb-e-Azab, amendments to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, the establishment of NATGRID, creating awareness about religion, revising Madrassa reforms, etc. All these efforts have solved the problem but only to some extent. There is a dire need for more strict measures not only by the Government but also by the civilians. Together, they need to keep working against these evils because they have eaten up the credibility, economic stability, reputation, well-being and peace of the country.
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Asdira, Yusril Arinaldy. "Analysis of Development of Deradicalization of Terrorist Prisoners in the Correctional Institutions in Indonesia." Bisma The Journal of Counseling 4, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/bisma.v4i1.24231.
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Terrorism is a problem that requires special handling, one of which is by fostering deradicalization. In Indonesia according to data obtained that de-radicalization is considered unsuccessful because there are still many terrorists who dare to commit acts of terrorism even though many other terrorists have been arrested. One of the indications is like the North Sumatra Poltabes office bombing incident in November 2019 where the Police arrested 74 suspected terrorists involved in the suicide bombing. This study aims to determine the various activities carried out for deradicalisation guidance and to see the achievements of deradicalization coaching .The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method with literature study approach. The results show that various activities have been carried out by the government one of them is create BNPT a special institution to manage and implement deradicalization of terorrism prisoners through soft approach to deradicalize terrorist prisoners by reshaping their thinking about the struggle against religion. The conclusion is that the development of deradicalization of terrorist prisoners in Indonesia has been carried out by various parties, but based on the results of this study and previous research is still not optimal so it needs to be reviewed about the type or method of fostering deradicalization that is appropriate.
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Trukhan, A. P., I. M. Samokhvalov, T. Yu Skakunova, and A. A. Ryadnov. "Features of flow of victims after terrorist attacks in the subway." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 179, no. 5 (January 3, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2020-179-5-16-20.
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The objective of the study was to compare the order of admission and distribution in hospitals of the incoming flow of victims with explosive peacetime injuries (based on the analysis of terrorist acts in Minsk on April 11, 2011 and in St. Petersburg on April 3, 2017).Methods and Materials. We analyzed the organization of inpatient medical care for 2 groups of victims who applied for medical care to hospital health organizations on the day of the terrorist attack. The first group – 195 victims of the explosion in the subway of Minsk. The second group – 55 victims of the explosion in the subway of St. Petersburg. Results. The order of admission of victims to the healthcare organization in both groups was similar, as was the number of requests for medical care within 1.5 hours from the time of the first treatment (72.7 and 63.6 %, p>0.05). In both groups, there were identical indicators of the victims aimed at inpatient treatment (80.5 and 83.6 %, p>0.05), and cases when the profile of the hospitalization department was crucial for the nature of medical care (74.5 and 76.1 %, p>0.05). The victims of both groups hospitalized in hospital healthcare organizations had identical indicators of subsequent transfers to other medical institutions or to other departments.Conclusion. The first 1.5 hours after the first call to hospitals after explosions in the subway are the most stressful, which may require limiting medical care only to emergency operations. Up to 20 % of the victims had no serious injuries and were referred for outpatient treatment.
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Trukhan, A. P., I. M. Samokhvalov, T. Yu Skakunova, and A. A. Ryadnov. "Features of flow of victims after terrorist attacks in the subway." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 179, no. 5 (January 3, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2020-179-5-16-20.
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The objective of the study was to compare the order of admission and distribution in hospitals of the incoming flow of victims with explosive peacetime injuries (based on the analysis of terrorist acts in Minsk on April 11, 2011 and in St. Petersburg on April 3, 2017).Methods and Materials. We analyzed the organization of inpatient medical care for 2 groups of victims who applied for medical care to hospital health organizations on the day of the terrorist attack. The first group – 195 victims of the explosion in the subway of Minsk. The second group – 55 victims of the explosion in the subway of St. Petersburg. Results. The order of admission of victims to the healthcare organization in both groups was similar, as was the number of requests for medical care within 1.5 hours from the time of the first treatment (72.7 and 63.6 %, p>0.05). In both groups, there were identical indicators of the victims aimed at inpatient treatment (80.5 and 83.6 %, p>0.05), and cases when the profile of the hospitalization department was crucial for the nature of medical care (74.5 and 76.1 %, p>0.05). The victims of both groups hospitalized in hospital healthcare organizations had identical indicators of subsequent transfers to other medical institutions or to other departments.Conclusion. The first 1.5 hours after the first call to hospitals after explosions in the subway are the most stressful, which may require limiting medical care only to emergency operations. Up to 20 % of the victims had no serious injuries and were referred for outpatient treatment.
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Luo, Lanjun, and Chao Qi. "An analysis of the crucial indicators impacting the risk of terrorist attacks: A predictive perspective." Safety Science 144 (December 2021): 105442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105442.
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Meloy, J. Reid, Alasdair M. Goodwill, M. J. Meloy, Gwyn Amat, Maria Martinez, and Melinda Morgan. "Some TRAP-18 indicators discriminate between terrorist attackers and other subjects of national security concern." Journal of Threat Assessment and Management 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tam0000119.
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Heath-Kelly, Charlotte. "Algorithmic autoimmunity in the NHS: Radicalisation and the clinic." Security Dialogue 48, no. 1 (October 22, 2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010616671642.
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This article explores the extension of counter-radicalisation practice into the National Health Service (NHS). In the 2011 reformulation of the UK Prevent strategy, the NHS became a key sector for the identification and suppression of ‘radicalisation’. Optometrists, dentists, doctors and nurses have been incorporated into counter-terrorism and trained to report signs of radicalisation in patients and staff. This article explores how calculative modalities associated with big data and digital analytics have been translated into the non-digital realm. The surveillance of the whole of the population through the NHS indicates a dramatic policy shift away from linear profiling of those ‘suspect communities’ previously considered vulnerable to radicalisation. Fixed indicators of radicalisation and risk profiles no longer reduce the sample size for surveillance by distinguishing between risky and non-risky bodies. Instead, the UK government chose the NHS as a pre-eminent site for counter-terrorism because of the large amount of contact it has with the public. The UK government is developing a novel counter-terrorism policy in the NHS around large-N surveillance and inductive calculation, which demonstrates a translation of algorithmic modalities and calculative regimes. This article argues that this translation produces an autoimmune moment in British security discourse whereby the distinction between suspicious and non-suspicious bodies has collapsed. It explores the training provided to NHS staff, arguing that fixed profiles no longer guide surveillance: rather, surveillance inductively produces the terrorist profile.
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Garcia, David, and Bernard Rimé. "Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack." Psychological Science 30, no. 4 (March 13, 2019): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619831964.
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After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.
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Goodwill, Alasdair, and J. Reid Meloy. "Visualizing the relationship among indicators for lone actor terrorist attacks: Multidimensional scaling and the TRAP‐18." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 37, no. 5 (September 2019): 522–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2434.
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SHULYAKOVSKAYA, J. M., and D. A. KHVATOV. "THE STATE OF SOCIETY AS A SOURCE OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 6 (2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2020-15-6-147-158.
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The purpose of the work is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of conflict destructions in society in the form of socio-cultural contradictions that determine the manifestations of extremism and terrorism. The subject of the research is social norms aimed at regulating social relations in the sphere of overcoming manifestations of terrorism and extremism, determined by the conflict phenomena of society. Methodological basis - using the data of secondary research, an analysis of social attitudes and stereotypes that form a high level of extremist and terrorist manifestations, and in this regard, which is an indicator of the emergence of a state of anomie in society, was carried out. This article analyzes the main conflict destruction of society as a basic source of extremism and terrorism. Among them are the following: civilizational crisis, expressed in political and economic antagonism, split in society, strengthening of existing differences between the Eastern and Western worldviews. It is substantiated that these phenomena are associated with the deterioration of the state of society. The population under the pressure of threats comes to the conclusion that the public danger does not come from extremists and terrorists, but from representatives of public authorities who do not want to accept the political speculations of extremists and terrorists. In this situation, society itself becomes an "accomplice" of extremists and terrorists. As a result, the ways of overcoming the manifestations of terrorism and extremism determined by the conflict phenomena of society are identified.
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Gill, Paul. "Toward a scientific approach to identifying and understanding indicators of radicalization and terrorist intent: Eight key problems." Journal of Threat Assessment and Management 2, no. 3-4 (September 2015): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tam0000047.
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Sullivan, T. J., and W. L. Perry. "Identifying indicators of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons development activity in sub-national terrorist groups." Journal of the Operational Research Society 55, no. 4 (April 2004): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601694.
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Ignatova, Tatiana, Elena Alifanova, Yulia Evlakhova, and Christos Alexanis. "Development of approaches to identification of systemic importance of insurance companies." SHS Web of Conferences 110 (2021): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111001048.
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The article is devoted to systemically important insurance organizations, problems of their identification, identification of vulnerabilities to financial security threats, risks of money laundering and terrorist financing. The authors proposed a new criterion for the systemic importance of insurance companies (links with systemically important banks), which, together with the existing indicators, can be used in identifying both global and national systemically important insurers. Using the example of the links of Russian insurers through the ownership structure with Russian systemically important credit institutions, the possibilities of applying this criterion were shown: the pairs of links in the Russian market and the types of links between organizations were identified, the selection of insurance companies was carried out. As a result of the study, the authors compiled a list of Russian insurers that can be considered systemically important in the Russian financial market. General vulnerabilities of systemically important insurance and credit organizations were determined based on the analysis of reports on the national assessment of money laundering and terrorist financing risk. The obtained results can be used by state bodies for regulating the financial market and financial monitoring when developing a policy for regulating the insurance sector.
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Dittmer, Lowell. "East Asia in the “New Era” in World Politics." World Politics 55, no. 1 (October 2002): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2003.0003.
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In the ongoing war on terrorism that highlights the “new era” in world politics, East Asia constitutes a crucial swing vote. Its importance derives from its growing economic heft in the world, as well as its central role in three key trends that have characterized international politics since the end of the cold war: globalization, regionalism, and a reequilibration of the national balance of power. This article examines the impact of September 11 on the region, focusing on these three trends as indicators. It finds that while the impact of the war has been in significant respects different in Southeast Asia and in Northeast Asia, in both subregions the dominant preference has been to pursue this new campaign more as a police effort than as a “war” against selected alleged terrorist-harboring nation-states. In this respect, antiterrorist efforts have been modest but thus far fairly effective. Yet the antiterrorist effort has not eclipsed other realms of international diplomacy (such as economic cooperation and regional development) to the extent that it has in American foreign policy. Thus there is some risk that the divergent priorities of Washington and the East Asian nations may unwittingly contribute to a form of regional consolidation in which the U.S. plays a diminished role.
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Lapshov, Valery A. "TERRORISM IN SOCIETY AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 2. HUMAN SCIENCES, no. 1-2 (2022): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4685-2022-1-2-03.
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The article examines the relevance of the study of terrorism at the beginning of the XXI century. When studying terrorism in society as an object of sociological research, the method of content analysis of articles posted in the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU and a number of foreign scientific journals was used, which was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the objects of analysis were: domestic scientific journals included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated February 12, 2019 No. 21-r; as well as international scientific journals on terrorism. In these sources, a search was carried out for documents containing in their title the semantic unit "terrorism", as well as semantic units related to various types of terrorist activities. As a result of the first stage, about 160 scientific journals were selected that publish materials related to the problem of terrorism as an object of research. At the second stage of the study, the data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The main objectives of the second stage were the analysis and systematization of indicators and criteria of terrorism as an object of sociological research. To achieve the set goals from the general population formed at the first stage, scientific journals of a sociological orientation were selected, namely, one domestic — "Sociological Research", and three foreign — "Studies in Conflict and Terrorism", "Terrorism and Political Violence" and "Post-Soviet Affairs", which formed the basis of this study. At the third stage, about 1,500 articles containing the word “terrorism” and its synonyms in the title were analyzed in the selected journals, based on the methodology of qualitative content analysis. The system of semantic units can be presented in the form of two blocks. First, a complete list of words related to terrorism was compiled. Secondly, a preliminary analysis of the main synonyms for the word "terrorism as an object of sociological research" was made. From the entire general population obtained at the second stage of the study, publications were selected containing highlighted semantic categories in the titles of works. Thus, after analyzing all publications, about 20 scientific papers were selected that met the search criteria. This approach made it possible to reflect the idea of terrorism in society as an object of sociological research.
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Ali, Safaaaldeen Hussein, Mohammed Fareed Sherzad, and Ahmed Hameed Alomairi. "Managing Strategies to Revitalize Urban Cultural Heritage after Wars: The Center of the Old City of Mosul as a Case Study." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091298.
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This research deals with the process of reviving urban heritage, especially in old cities after the war, due to their symbolic and moral values in society. By studying the reality of the city and its destructed heritage features, there was a local need to study the integrated strategies of the urban heritage revival process to reach indicators that are drawn from international experiences and the curricula and studies of international organizations (ICOMOS, World Bank, UN-Habitat, IOM) that interested in cultural heritage and to use these indicators in evaluating local projects in the center of the old city of Mosul which was chosen as a case study for this research, due to its historical and civilizational importance, which has contributed greatly to the formation of the city of Mosul through the ages, and as this city has witnessed deliberate sabotage of its urban heritage due to the terrorist acts witnessed before its liberation.
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Землянська, O. В., and П. В. Макаренко. "Model for Predicting Borderline Mental Disorders of Law Enforcement Officers – Participants of Anti-Terrorist Operation." Law and Safety 73, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2019.2.02.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the professional tasks of law enforcement officers in the context of an anti-terrorist operation suggests a significant deterioration in their psychological and physical health. Therefore, one of the relevant problems of legal psychology is the development of scientific methods for substantiating and optimizing programs for the psychological provision of the professional activities of law enforcement officers serving in such conditions (professional selection, diagnosis and support of psychological readiness, psychological support, psycho-prophylaxis, correction and rehabilitation). This is necessary to minimize the negative psychosocial consequences in the form of pronounced features of borderline mental disorders and addictive behavior with the formation of concomitant addictions to alcohol and drugs.
The authors of the article have revealed the results of constructing a model for predicting borderline stress disorders of law enforcement officers. The obtained regression coefficients and the values of weighted odds ratios for each of the scales demonstrated that the variables “Dissimulation”, “Negativism”, “Distress and maladjustment”, “Indirect aggression” and “Symptom of hyperactivity” are the most significant indicators of personal qualities that predict the formation of borderline stress disorders of law enforcement officers – participants in the anti-terrorist operation; further significant are “The presence of features of post traumatic stress disorder”, “Resentment”, “Aggravation” and, finally, “Hostility”, “Physical aggression”, “Symptoms of invasion” and “Verbal aggression”.
It has been substantiated that negativistic law enforcement officers with pronounced features of indirect aggressiveness to the environment, exaggerating the existing problems, with features of psychological maladjustment in the emotional sphere of personality are mostly exposed to the formation of borderline stress disorders.
It is advisable to use this model for predicting borderline mental disorders during routine psycho-preventive examinations of law enforcement officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the period between business trips to anti-terrorist operation zone.