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1

Guzzo, Domenico. "Rome, l'inscription des violences politiques dans la ville au cours des années de plomb : (1966-1982)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH009/document.

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En s’inscrivant dans le récent sillage historiographique consacré à la dimension métropolitaine de la conflictualité armée, cette recherche a analysé les milieux et les formes urbaines de l'extrémisme à Rome dans l’après-68. Par une approche interdisciplinaire - qui a intégré l’apport de la philosophie, de l'urbanisme, de la sociologie, de la géographie urbaine, des sciences politiques - cette étude a reconstruit la relation entre le territoire urbain et la mise en œuvre d’une violence subversive, souvent à caractère meurtrier et terroriste, dans le cadre de la modernisation nationale activée par le "boom économique" (1958-1963) et des dynamiques propres à la « guerre froide ».On a porté une attention particulière à l’appréhension des processus de transformation idéologique et culturelle, mûris au sein de la « crise urbaine » affectant le mauvais et difficile développement de Rome dans l'après-guerre, qui ont permis à la première métropole italienne de devenir l'écosystème unique et catalyseur de cette conflictualité extrême, au-delà des simples facteurs géopolitiques (crise européenne de l'idée d'atlantisme) et socio-économique (explosion des luttes sociales pour la revendication de biens et services propres à la modernité consumériste).Cette étude est remontée aux facteurs de division caractérisant la structure, le tissu et l’ambiance de Rome. Il s’agit des clivages fondamentaux, en place dès le début de l’époque républicaine (1946), sur lesquels s’implantent ensuite, au lendemain du boom économique, les processus de radicalisation qui accompagnent les multiples luttes revendicatives - dans les domaines du quartier, du travail, des écoles et de l’Université - engendrées par une modernisation de la capitale brutale et déséquilibrée. Notre recherche a, de ce fait, démontré que les différentes « expériences d’antagonisme » muries au sein de cette vaste contestation sociale, ont servi finalement d’incubateurs où une partie de la militance extraparlementaire romaine, issue de la mobilisation soixante-huitarde, s’est initiée à différentes pratiques subversives (notamment les répertoires de l’illégalité de masse et de la guérilla clandestine).La prise en compte de tous ces niveaux et ces dimensions a fait ressortir les particularités de la violence politique déployée à Rome dans l’après-68, tout en attribuant la juste proportion au « poids » de la capitale d’Italie dans le déploiement à l’échelle nationale de la « stratégie de la tension » (1969-1974) et des « années de plomb » (1975-1982).Cette recherche s’est donc engagée dans la reconstruction d’un cadre historique global, mettant en connexion diachronique les faits et les dynamiques internes à la ville (d’ordre social, économique, culturel, idéologique, politique et urbanistique) avec le système étatique centré à Rome – marqué par les pressions du « rideau de fer », les lourdes séquelles de la dictature fasciste et de la guerre civile, la fragilité gouvernementale et le manque de cohésion nationale – le long des années de la modernisation et de l’entrée dans la société d’abondance en Italie
Following the new historiographical path focused on the urban dimension of the armed struggle, this research analyses the milieus and the forms of the political extremism in Rome after ‘68. By an interdisciplinary approach – which integrates the contribution of philosophy, of urban studies, of sociology, of urban geography, of political sciences – this study rebuilt the relation between urban territory and the implementation of a subversive violence, often lethal and terrorist, in the context of the national modernization activated by the “economic boom” (1958-1963) and of the “cold war” dynamics. A special attention is payed to the apprehension of the ideological and cultural evolutions - grown inside the “urban crisis” which affects the critical development of Rome in the post-war period – that transformed the biggest Italian metropolis in a perfect ecosystem for this extreme conflict, far beyond the only effects of the geopolitical (European crisis of the Atlanticism) and socio-economic factors (explosion of the social struggles claiming the fruition of goods and services created by for consumerist modernity). This study went back to the basic divisions of the structure, the society and the environment of Rome: the fundamental cleavages, appeared at the beginning of the republican time (1946), over which, after the “economic boom”, a process of radicalization (due to the growing of the social struggles in the fields of the local community, work, school and the University, generated by a brutal and unbalanced modernization of the town) is established. Our research, so showed that the various “experiments of antagonism” matured within this vast social protest, were used finally as incubators where part of the roman extremist militancy, resulting from the end of ’68 mobilization, was initiated with various subversive practices (in particular, the repertoires of the mass illegality and of the clandestine guerrilla). Considering of all these levels and these dimensions highlighted the characteristics of the political violence deployed in Rome after ’68, while allotting the right proportion to the “weight” of the capital of Italy in the national deployment of the “strategy of the tension” (1969-1974) and the “years of lead” (1975-1982). This research thus strives to reconstruct a comprehensive historical framework, putting of diachronic connection the facts and the dynamic of the metropolis (social economic, cultural, ideological, political and urban factors) with the State system based in Rome – characterized by the pressures of the “iron curtain”, the heavy after-effects of the fascist dictatorship and the civil war (1943-1945), the governmental frailty and the lack of national cohesion – along the years of modernization and of the entry in the age of abundance for Italy
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2

Dale, Adi Dekebo. "Accountability for ISIS atrocities : is the International Criminal Court a viable prosecutorial option?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5512.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is a jihadist militant group. The members of this militant group have committed criminal acts of unspeakable cruelty. These staggering criminal conducts are documented by the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and media. Besides, the group itself gives first-hand information through social media and its magazine. Having witnessed the atrocities committed by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the United Nations Security Council affirmed that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s conduct in Syria and Iraq is a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, the media and various role players have called for the intervention of International Criminal Court. This research paper analyses whether the International Criminal Court is a viable prosecutorial option to account the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members for their crimes. For the Court to be a viable prosecutorial avenue, it must have a jurisdiction. Accordingly, this research paper critically examines whether the International Criminal Court has subject matter, personal and/or territorial jurisdictions to try the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant perpetrators. The study concludes that although the criminal conducts by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members constitute crimes under the Rome Statute, the Court, however, has limited jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators. It is submitted that with a limited and fragmented territorial and personal jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators, the Court is not a viable prosecutorial avenue.
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
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3

Amador, Brian S. "The Federal Republic of Germany and left wing terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FAmador.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Daniel Moran, Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-68). Also available online.
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4

Decker, Eileen M. "The enemies list: the foreign terrorist organization list and its role in defining terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41367.

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CHDS State/Local
The United States defines terrorism through the lists it maintains identifying those who are engaged in, support, and/or facilitate terrorism. One such list is the Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) list. Because the FTO designation process occurs without the organization's knowledge or ability to challenge the evidence, uses classified information to make the determination, and has limited judicial oversight, concerns have been expressed that the Executive Branch has too much discretion in this process. The concerns are exacerbated by the perception that political motivations dominate the decision-making process. Using content analysis, the FTO list is analyzed using a quantitative and qualitative approach. First, the terrorist designation processes used in allied countries is examined, and the list is analyzed by reviewing FTO decisions made before and after 9/11. Through an analysis of the annual State Department country reports describing the FTOs, the nonstatutory factors that influence FTO decisions emerge, and include whether a group attacked Israel or other allied nation of strategic interest to the United States, attacked the United States or its citizens, or is affiliated with al Qaeda. These nonstatutory factors and their application to U.S. counterterrorism strategy, is how the United States defines terrorism at any point in time.
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5

Fourman, Jeffrey F. "When Insurgents Go Terrorist: The Role of Foreign Support in the Adoption of Terrorism." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1399546682.

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6

Snell, Brandon Charles. "The Origins of Ethno/National Separatist Terrorism: A Cross-National Analysis of the Background Conditions of Terrorist Campaigns." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1244481182.

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7

Reusch, Heiko. "Zur Vorstellung des Terroristen die Darstellung der RAF-Terroristen im Film /." Marburg : Tectum, 2008. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/254278157.html.

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8

Thurston, Timothy W. "The military's role in domestic terrorism." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FThurston.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia ; Freeman, Michael. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-66). Also available in print.
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9

Thurston, Timothy W. II. "The military's role in domestic terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3019.

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This thesis argues that civilian law enforcement is more effective than military law enforcement against domestic terrorism. It uses a case study approach to analyze government reactions to terrorism in Canada against the FLQ, and in Northern Ireland against the IRA. It concludes that the best approach to domestic terrorism is a combination of civilian and military security forces working together. Within this framework, the military should maintain a support role to the civilian police. As a result, amendment or repeal of the Posse Comitatus Act is unnecessary. As written, the law provides adequate flexibility for government leaders to deploy military troops as the need arises. Furthermore, this thesis provides lessons learned for policymakers considering the deployment of military to combat domestic terrorism.
US Air Force (USAF) author.
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10

Ovdiienko, Oleksandr. "NATO's role in the protection of the civil population against the consequences of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorist attacks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FOvdiienko.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available online.
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Fakitsas, Miltiadis. "The rise and the fall of terrorist organizations in post-dictatorial Greece : the role and the lessons for the intelligence services /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FFakitsas.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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12

Arthur, Kevin R. "Understanding the Military's role in ending state-sponsored terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sept%5FArthur.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): David C. Tucker, Frank R. Giordano. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available online.
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13

Mäkelä, Juha. "Combating terrorism in nordic countries : a comparative study of the military's role." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1808.

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This study examines counter-terrorism co-operation and responsibility sharing in the Nordic countries. The mainemphasis lies on the military’s role. The aim of the study is to elucidate what particular niche competences themilitary have at their command to contribute with as secondary specialties within anti-terrorism readiness.The main study method is comparison. The empirical part of the study compares the Nordic assistance legislations,police-military responsibilities and competence requirements in an anti-terrorism context. Particular focus is put onspecial force capabilities which are examined in field interviews. As an analysis instrument I apply competenceclustering and organisational clustering models of network theories.The main conclusions from the research indicate that some niches within military war fighting skills are closelyrelated to counter-terrorism competence requirements. The results recommend that the military counter-terrorismniches should be “double-hatted”; primarily assigned for wartime missions, but also available for peacetimeassistance in extraordinary situations which are beyond the Police Forces’ operational range. These earmarkedniches need to have greater availability and be based on enlisted professional soldiers. The synergy effects of thehigher readiness of military spearhead competences will be cost-efficiency; there is no need to equip the police withheavier “military” equipment if the legislation makes counter-terrorism assistance the responsibility of the ArmedForces. This conclusion of extended assistance rights is in the study called the “rational approach” principle.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 01-03
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14

Brannan, David. "Violence, terrorism and the role of theology : repentant and rebellious Christian identity." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/342.

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Reusch, Heiko. "Zur Vorstellung des Terroristen die Darstellung der RAF-Terroristen im Film." Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2005. http://d-nb.info/987814613/04.

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März, Michael. "Die Machtprobe 1975 : wie RAF und Bewegung 2. Juni den Staat erpressten /." Leipzig Forum Verl. Leipzig, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2934414&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Case, Dean J. Mellen Brian C. "Changing the story the role of the narrative in the success or failure of terrorist groups /." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FCase%5FMellen.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Arquilla, John. Second Reader: Rothstein, Hy. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: National security, narratives, terrorism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available in print.
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Stöffel, Susanne. "Die Wechselwirkung von Terrorismus und innerer Sicherheit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland der 70er Jahre juristische, politische und gesellschaftliche Rezeption des Terrorismus der Roten Armee Fraktion und der staatlichen Terrorismusbekämpfung /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10976217.

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Smith, Christine Kay. "The role of feedback in state support and sponsorship of terrorism : foreign policy implications /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020044/.

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Rathmell, Andrew. "The role of covert action and international terrorism in Middle East politics : Syria 1949-1961." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389429.

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Moyer, Shawn P. "Creating a mix of spooks and suits : a new role for intelligence." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FMoyer.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert Simeral, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-111). Also available online.
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Ahmed, Tanveer. "The role of moderate Muslims in combating violent Jihad." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FAhmed.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-72). Also available in print.
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Balz, Hanno. "Von Terroristen, Sympathisanten und dem starken Staat : Die öffentliche Debatte über die RAF in den 70er Jahren /." Frankfurt am Main : Campus, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3111935&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Cronenwett, Megan R. "Accounting for the Role of the Public in Democratic States' Counterterrorism Policies: A Comparative Case Study Analysis of Spain and the United Kingdom." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1303144037.

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Dutcher, Suzanne T. "Not on my watch: A qualitative study of the role of local law enforcement in terrorism prevention." CAPELLA UNIVERSITY, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3481930.

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Petri, Mario. "Terrorismus und Staat : Versuch einer Definition des Terrorismusphänomens und Analyse zur Existenz einer strategischen Konzeption staatlicher Gegenmaßnahmen am Beispiel der Roten Armee Fraktion in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland /." München : Meidenbauer, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2905171&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Petri, Mario. "Terrorismus und Staat Versuch einer Definition des Terrorismusphänomens und Analyse zur Existenz einer strategischen Konzeption staatlicher Gegenmassnahmen am Beispiel der Roten Armee Fraktion in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland." München M-Press, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2905171&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Balz, Hanno. "Von Terroristen, Sympathisanten und dem starken Staat die öffentliche Debatte über die RAF in den 70er Jahren." Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Campus-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988783541/04.

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Diewald-Kerkmann, Gisela. "Frauen, Terrorismus und Justiz Prozesse gegen weibliche Mitglieder der RAF und der Bewegung 2. Juni." Düsseldorf Droste, 2008. http://d-nb.info/997085150/04.

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Smith, Justin O. "Maritime interdiction in counterinsurgency the role of the Sri Lankan Navy in the defeat of the Tamil Tigers /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FSmith%5FJustin.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, South East Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Porch, Douglas; Second Reader: Kline, Jeffrey F. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Sri Lanka, Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, Maritime Interdiction, Irregular Warfare, Piracy, Counter-piracy, Maritime Terrorism, Arms Smuggling, Counter-arms Smuggling, Maritime Security Operations, Small Boat Tactics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76). Also available in print.
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Krieber, Janine. "Etudiants révoltés, intellectuels révolutionnaires : la dynamique socio-idéologique du terrorisme insurrectionnel dans trois pays occidentaux : République fédérale d'Allemagne, Italie, Etats-Unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0002.

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Cette thèse explore la dynamique socio-idélogique du terrorisme insurrectionnel de gauche, tel qu'il est apparu, au cœur de l'Occident industrialisé, au tournant des années 1970. Pour les cas de l'Allemagne fédérale, de l'Italie et des États-Unis, cette étude montre la combinaison des trajectoires sociales et des structures idéologiques qui ont conduit des groupes, à la frange de la révolte étudiante, au choix de la terreur comme stratégie révolutionnaire. L'état de la question permet de dégager une nouvelle synthèse théorique, adaptée à l'analyse du terrorisme insurrectionnel de gauche, qui fournit un modèle permettant de lier les structures du discours idéologique à la dynamique des groupes. Notre problématique s'appuie sur une hypothèse centrale : l'action combinée des forces de radicalisation idéologique et de marginalisation des groupes a été une condition nécessaire à la formation de la première génération de terroristes occidentaux. Notre analyse vérifie cette hypothèse en montrant que l'apparition du phénomène terroriste, dans un espace politique donné, est le résultat d'un processus plutôt que d'un événement, d'une suite de transformations dans les contenus idéologiques, dans la stratégie et dans la tactique des groupes
This dissertation explores the social and ideological dynamics of leftist insurrectional terrorism, as it gained momentum in Western societies during the 1970's. This study shows that in the cases of the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy and the United States, the combined social path and ideological structures have lead some fringe groups of the student uprising to choose terrorism as a revolutionary tool. Following the literature review we present a new theoretical synthesis adapted to the study of insurrectional terrorism. This synthesis gives a model, which links the social life of terrorist groups and their ideological structures. Our problematic lies on a central assumption that the action of the combined forces of ideological radicalization and group marginalization is a necessary condition for the first generation of Western terrorists. We have verified this assumption, showing that the terrorist phenomenon, in a given political context, is more the result of a process than the result of a single event
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Joarder, Marina. "International politics and business: the role of September 11, 2001." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11759398.

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Cox, Amy S. "Self-fulfilling prophecies: the government's role in generating support for ethnic terrorists." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86592.

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Why do some ethnic groups support the use of terrorism and violence to change the status quo and others do not? Conventional wisdom suggests repression may provoke more violence, but consensus has not been reached on how this relationship works. I propose a Theory of Ethnic Group Support for Terrorism (TEST) that argues that the denial of political access to ethnic groups to resolve conflict through peaceful means creates conditions of structural repression. This structural repression then engenders ethnic groups to mobilize around seeking extra-institutional and often extra-legal avenues of change including terrorism. The avenue chosen depends upon the state's response to ethnic group mobilization, which may include reforming repressive institutions, thus undermining support for violence and terrorism, or may include using agent-driven discrete acts of repression, triggering increases in ethnic group support for terrorism. The TEST is applied and assessed in light of the cases of Northern Irish Catholics and the IRA, Quebecois and the FLQ and Corsicans and the FLNC. Ultimately, the TEST demonstrates that states' willingness to effectively address ethnic group grievances will marginalize, if not eradicate terrorism. In contrast, states that choose to neglect, alienate and discriminate against ethnic groups fail to enable them to use political channels to change the status quo, causing increases in support for terrorism.
Pourquoi certains groupes ethniques appuient-ils l'utilisation du terrorisme et de la violence afin de modifier le statut quo alors que d'autres s'y opposent? Il est généralement admis que la répression peut engendre plus de violence. Or, le sens de cette relation ne fait toujours par consensus dans la littérature. Cette étude présente une théorie visant à expliquer l'appui des groupes ethniques au terrorisme (TEST) et qui suggère que les cas où les groupes ethniques se voient refuser l'accès au politique comme moyen pacifique de résolution de conflits créent des conditions de répression structurelle. Celle-ci devient alors un motif pour les groupes ethnique de se mobiliser afin de trouver des modes extra-institutionnels et des avenues extra-juridiques de résoudre les conflits, incluant le terrorisme. L'avenue choisie par les groupes ethniques dépend de la réponse offerte par l'État à leurs stratégies de mobilisation. Cette réponse peut inclure des réformes aux institutions répressives, minant l'appui des groupes à la violence et au terrorisme, ou l'utilisation discrète d'actes de répression conduits par des individus, générant une augmentation du soutien au terrorisme au sein des groups ethniques. Dans le cadre de cette étude, la théorie TEST est donc évaluée à la lumière des cas des Catholiques irlandais du Nord et de l'IRA, des Québécois et du FLQ, ainsi que des Corses et du FLNC. Elle démontre que, d'une part, la volonté des États de répondre aux revendications des groupes ethniques marginalise, si ce n'est éradique, l'utilisation du terrorisme par ces groupes. D'autre part, les États qui choisissent de négliger, d'aliéner ou de discriminer les groupes ethniques les empêchent d'utiliser les voies politiques de résolution des conflits, provoquant une augmentation de l'appui de ces groupes à l'utilisation de la violence et du terrorisme.
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Hengemuhle, Sarah Dawn Cooke. "Virtual impetus? exploring the role of new media in terrorist recruitment within the United States /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/645638841/viewonline.

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Proulx, Vincent-Joël. "Reconceptualizing international law after 9/11: what role for state responsibility in the prevention and suppression of transnational terrorism?" Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103553.

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It is clear that every state has an obligation to prevent terrorist attacks emanating from its territory and injurious to another state. This proposition stems from various multilateral agreements on the suppression of terrorism and Security Council resolutions. It also originates from the fundamental principle of sovereignty, which entails both rights and obligations. However, the current state of knowledge does not exhaustively address the scope of this obligation of prevention and the legal consequences flowing from its violation. The present study attempts to define the contents and contours of such obligation whilst placing particular critical emphasis on the mechanics of state responsibility. Whether obscured by new technologies like the Internet, the sophisticated cellular structure of terrorist organizations or convoluted political realities, the level of governmental involvement in terrorist activities is no longer readily discernible in all instances. Furthermore, the prospect of governments waging surrogate warfare through proxies also poses intractable challenges to the mechanism of attribution under state responsibility. Therefore, it is argued that new rules are required or, alternatively, that a critical reassessment of the role of the law of state responsibility in the prevention and suppression of transnational terrorism should be engaged. In so doing, the dissertation sets out the shortcomings of the extant scheme of international responsibility whilst concurrently identifying a paradigm shift towards more indirect modes of responsibility under international law, a trend corroborated by recent state and institutional practice. This leads to the controversial question of the possible institutionalization of the implementation of state responsibility. In assessing the potential roles of United Nations organs in this setting, the study carves out a specific – but limited – role for the Security Council in ascertaining the commission of internationally wrongful acts. These considerations pave the way for the policy-oriented, context-sensitive reform of secondary rules of responsibility that follows. After drawing heavily on varied legal and theoretical influences, the study devises and prescriptively argues for the implementation of a strict liability-inspired model grounded in the logic of indirect responsibility with a view to enhancing state compliance with counterterrorism obligations, shifting the focus on prevention and promoting multilateralism and transnational cooperation.
Il est clair que le droit international oblige chaque État à prévenir les attentats terroristes provenant de son territoire et portant atteinte aux intérêts d'un autre État. Ce postulat découle de plusieurs conventions multilatérales et résolutions du Conseil de sécurité. Il se fonde également sur le principe de la souveraineté qui entraîne droits et obligations. Or, l'état actuel du savoir n'élucide pas la portée de cette obligation et n'apporte pas plus de précisions au sujet des conséquences juridiques résultant de sa violation. La présente étude vise à cerner le contenu et la portée de cette obligation tout en mettant un accent particulier – et critique – sur les mécanismes du droit de la responsabilité internationale. Possiblement obnubilé par l'avènement de nouvelles technologies comme Internet, la structure cellulaire de groupes terroristes ou des réalités politiques complexes, l'apport fourni par l'État originaire dans le cadre d'activités terroristes peut s'avérer imperceptible. La perspective qu'un État puisse procéder à des agressions indirectes par le biais de personnes ou groupes interposés soulève également d'importants défis au niveau de l'attribution. Par conséquent, ces situations requièrent de nouvelles règles ou, du moins, justifient un réexamen critique du rôle que le droit de la responsabilité peut jouer au niveau de la prévention et de la suppression du terrorisme. Dans cette optique, l'étude expose l'inadéquation du système actuel de responsabilité en identifiant toutefois un changement de paradigme vers des modes indirects de responsabilité en droit international, un phénomène étayé par la pratique étatique et institutionnelle récente. Voilà donc les bases jetées avant d'aborder l'épineuse question de la mise en œuvre de la responsabilité de l'État par le truchement d'institutions internationales. En évaluant le rôle des organes de l'ONU, l'étude taille un rôle spécifique – quoique modeste – pour le Conseil de sécurité au niveau du constat de l'illicite. Ces observations préparent le terrain pour le projet de réforme des règles secondaires qui suit. S'inspirant d'influences juridiques et théoriques variées dans une perspective de responsabilité indirecte, l'étude propose l'instauration d'un modèle informé par la responsabilité stricte afin d'augmenter la conformité étatique au droit international, d'encourager la prévention et de promouvoir le multilatéralisme et la coopération transnationale.
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36

Mellen, Brian C. "Changing the story the role of the narrative in the success or failure of terrorist groups." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4401.

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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
This thesis focuses on the nexus between a terrorist group's narrative and the group's success or failure in achieving its strategic goals. This work theorizes that the interaction of competing narratives exerts a systematic impact on the ability of the terrorist group to achieve its strategic goals through the influence that the narratives have over a group's members, the group's adversary, and the affected population. Although a terrorist group with a good narrative can be defeated, a terrorist group with a weak narrative is much less likely to win. Consequently, in order for a terrorist group to improve its chances of prevailing, it needs a strong narrative. While issues like material shortfalls, the repressiveness of state security services, and changing demographics could contribute to the demise of a terrorist group, these factors also serve to demonstrate how difficult it is for a terrorist group with a weak narrative to generate enough support to overcome these deficits. Since narratives are not fixed, each side may choose to change their narrative in order to accurately address changing circumstances. Changes could follow shifts in policy, appointment of new leadership, and even changes of fortune.
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37

Kayalar, Derin. "The Role And Impact Of The United Nations In Confronting International Terrorism In The Aftermath Of September 11: Prospects And Challenges In The Fight Against Global Jihadism." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611279/index.pdf.

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The thesis reviews and assesses the role and impact of the United Nations (UN) in the fight against the recent wave of international terrorism, understood as global jihadism, with a view to developing an understanding and awareness of the Organization'
s relevance and distinct position in the global counter-terrorism campaign, while at the same time, providing insight as to how to best combat the phenomenon, through an analysis of the threat posed by al-Qaida and weighing the threat against the real and potential capabilities available at the disposal of the world body. The analysis reveals that while considerable progress has been made with respect to diminishing the organizational and operational capabilities of al-Qaida through the collective mobilization of hard or &lsquo
protective&rsquo
policy instruments in the wake of 9/11, progress has been fairly unsatisfactory in addressing the softer or &lsquo
preventive&rsquo
aspects of counter-terrorism aimed at reducing the conditions conducive to terrorism. Furthermore, while the UN offers unique capabilities in the fields of technical assistance provision and cooperation and coherence building, its efforts are severely undermined by the lack of consensus and commitment on the part of the UN member states, and to a lesser extent, by its own organizational shortcomings. Overall, the analysis of policy responses of the UN and the international community in the context of terrorism is expected to bring perspective to the future of the world organization and its evolution to assume a potentially more proactive and preventive role in dealing with the most pressing and interconnected threats to international peace and security in the early 21st century, one of which is the global jihadist movement.
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38

Neumanová, Klára. "Konflikt v Somálsku a role Evropy při jeho řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192510.

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The thesis deals with the Conflict in Somalia and the influence of international participants, especially European Union. Theoretical part focuses on main indicators that bring Somalia on the top of "Failed States Index", piracy and terrorism. Practical part focuses on analyzing European Union's missions in Somalia and evaluating indicators such as GDP or "Failed States Index". The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of European states on solving the instability of Somalia based on the current situation there.
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39

Bard, Julia. "The Role of State Violence in the Escalation of Terrorism: A Comparative Study of Latin America and the Middle East and North Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/631.

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In order to analyze the potential of a relationship between terrorist groups and state violence, this paper analyzes two case studies from Latin America - that of Sendero Luminoso, in Peru, and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (the FARC), in Colombia – and two cases from the Middle East and North Africa – that of al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya in Egypt and Muqtada al-Sadr’s Mehdi Army in Iraq. After a review of the cases and general literature on regime violence and terrorism around the world, this paper proposes a likely correlation between an increase in state violence and an escalation in the use of terrorism. The paper proposes that this correlation occurs because state violence inspires feelings of revenge among opposition groups and citizens, increases the popularity of guerrillas, decreases the popularity and legitimacy of the state, and promotes the perception that violence is both an acceptable political tool and the only option for opposition groups seeking a political voice. The findings of this study indicate that policy makers should reconsider their use of violent, repressive responses to political opposition, and should refrain from “fighting fire with fire” in order to take steps towards the eradication of terrorism around the world.
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40

Steiner, Anne. "Guerilla urbaine en Europe Occidentale : la R.A.F." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100166.

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41

Heiden, Gregor von der. "Gespräche in einer Krise : Analyse von Telefonaten mit einem RAF-Mitglied während der Okkupation der westdeutschen Botschaft in Stockholm 1975 /." Umeå : Dept. of Language Studies, Umeå University, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018705549&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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42

Winter, Peter J. "The role of the U.S. Navy in support of the national strategy for maritime security." Carlisle Barracks, Pa. : U.S. Army War College, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA449645.

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Thesis (M. of Strategic Studies)--U.S. Army War College, 2006.
Cover title. "15 MAR 2006"--Tech. report doc. page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-17). Full text document available on public STINET.
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43

Sandin, Emelie. "Countering the foreign fighter threat : Turkey's role as a key transit country." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49302.

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44

Jarboe, Laura E. "Reagan's Antiterrorism: The Role of Lebanon." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1345646529.

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45

Torok, Robyn. "Discourses of terrorism: The role of Internet technologies (social media and online propaganda) on Islamic radicalisation, extremism and recruitment post 9/11." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1938.

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The threat of Islamic terrorism has become the biggest threat to Australian National Security. Since 9/11 and the subsequent war on terror, the threat of terrorism has not subsided. Significant parts of this threat are the online discourses of radicalisation perpetuated throughout social media. Literature reviewed included main discursive influences as well as a number of useful theoretical frameworks for later analysis. This thesis used a longitudinal online ethnographic approach coupled with Grounded Theory to examine the discourses and processes involved in radicalisation. The global context for this study was significant and hence has been outlined. Three overarching meta narratives were found: Narratives of grievance, narratives of jihad and narratives of martyrdom. Another important finding was that these narratives were complemented by a significant number of visual images that embedded and conveyed slightly different, yet complementary discourses. In addition, several case studies were also undertaken looking at the discourses and process of recruitment. A case study on the researcher’s insights was also included covering recruiting strategies of the newly formed Islamic State terrorist group. A number of analytical frameworks were applied to the data with the most notable being the Psychiatric Power and the notion of an online institution in which power structures are embedded. A number of radicalisation models are examined in relation to the data and a new model is developed termed: Institutionalised Moral Reframing, which is built on the foundational notions of Psychiatric Power. Finally, implications for counter radicalisation policies are discussed with the need to broaden the focus to better deal with the threats posed by online social media.
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46

Backman, Cecilia. "The Role of Religion in The Insurgency in The South of Thailand." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22960.

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Denna magisteruppsats presenterar och analyserar religionens roll i upproret i södra Thailand som ibland benämns terrorism. Genom att använda teorier som behandlar nationsbygge och nationalitet, religion som en kulturell identitet, samt teorier om globalisering och terrorism, visar denna uppsats att det inte går att dra slutsatsen att religion är den enda orsaken till upproret. Denna uppsats visar dessutom att varken religiös terrorism eller religiös nationalism behöver innebära religiös övertygelse, eftersom religion förutom många andra saker kan markera en kulturell tillhörighet.
This thesis presents and analyses the role of religion in the insurgency in the south of Thailand, that is sometimes labelled terrorism. By using theories on nation building and nationalism, religion as a cultural identity and theories on globalisation and terrorism, this thesis shows that it cannot be concluded that religion is the sole problem of the insurgency in the south of Thailand. This thesis, in addition, shows that religion is political and a source of identity and that neither religious terrorism nor religious nationalism have to imply religious belief, since religion can be a marker of cultural belonging, among many things.
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47

Beck, Sandra. "Reden an die Lebenden und an die Toten. Erinnerungen an die Rote Armee Fraktion in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur /." St. Ingbert : Röhrig, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3111127&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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48

Wood, Christopher Alister. "Risk assessment, counter-terrorism law & policy : a human rights-based analysis : assessing the UK's pre-emptive and preventative measures of countering terrorism, interaction with Article 5 and 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and the potential role of risk assessment." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12079/.

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The terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 had a significant impact upon how governments counter terrorism. The UK introduced and implemented an array of measures, each taking a pre-emptive and preventative approach, to tackle terrorism. The change in counter-terrorism law and policy post-9/11 has, as this thesis will show, increasingly become reliant upon fear-based risk and uncertainty rather than evidence-based guilt. This thesis will examine some of those UK measures used post-9/11, which were seen as some of the more controversial measures. When analysing each measure there will be an assessment of the human rights issues associated with those measures, specifically under Article’s 5 and 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The assessment of these rights with each measure will provide a legal understanding of the wider academic and legal implication of those measures, these include the right to a fair trial. Having assessed the human rights implications of each measure, a risk assessment is undertaken. This enables further analysis of each measure and holistically identifies the wider risk implications of such counter terrorism measures. Such risks may include negative perceptions of the police, the UK or provide indirect support for the radicalisation of new terrorists. This process is developed within the thesis and becomes known as the ‘tri-relationship'. Throughout, the measures examined will be seen to erode those human rights principles ordinarily guaranteed by the criminal justice system, for example liberty. Instead, the measures give way to a new counter-terrorism justice system which has become increasingly normalised by the measures introduced and accepted by the courts. This is despite the implications on human rights and risks involved. This thesis will show that the measures introduced by the UK to achieve securitization, fail to achieve the long-term protective aims of the UK Counter-Terrorism Strategy.
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49

Nortier, Charene. "The role of the South African regulatory authorities in combating money laundering and terrorist financing perpetrated through alternative remittance systems." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27922.

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Money Service Businesses provide people and institutions with a way to send money (remit) from one place to another. This service is most often associated with migrants, who typically wish to send money or value home. Remittances can be sent both on a domestic and on a cross-border basis. The methods used to remit money or value can be used for both legitimate and illegal purposes. The question posed by this research is whether the Money Service Businesses that operate in South Africa and provide crossborder remittance services are adequately regulated, to ensure that it is not used for the purposes of money laundering and/or terror financing. Copyright
Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Accounting
unrestricted
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50

Linhardt, Dominique. "La force de l'Etat en démocratie : la République fédérale d'Allemagne à l'épreuve de la guérilla urbaine (1967-1982)." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1218.

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