Academic literature on the topic 'Terrorism Political aspects Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Terrorism Political aspects Australia"

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Tufail, Waqas, and Scott Poynting. "A Common ‘Outlawness’: Criminalisation of Muslim Minorities in the UK and Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i3.125.

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Since mass immigration recruitments of the post-war period, ‘othered’ immigrants to both the UK and Australia have faced ‘mainstream’ cultural expectations to assimilate, and various forms of state management of their integration. Perceived failure or refusal to integrate has historically been constructed as deviant, though in certain policy phases this tendency has been mitigated by cultural pluralism and official multiculturalism. At critical times, hegemonic racialisation of immigrant minorities has entailed their criminalisation, especially that of their young men. In the UK following the ‘Rushdie Affair’ of 1989, and in both Britain and Australia following these states’ involvement in the 1990-91 Gulf War, the ‘Muslim Other’ was increasingly targeted in cycles of racialised moral panic. This has intensified dramatically since the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the ensuing ‘War on Terror’. The young men of Muslim immigrant communities in both these nations have, over the subsequent period, been the subject of heightened popular and state Islamophobia in relation to: perceived ‘ethnic gangs’; alleged deviant, predatory masculinity including so-called ‘ethnic gang rape’; and paranoia about Islamist ‘radicalisation’ and its supposed bolstering of terrorism. In this context, the earlier, more genuinely social-democratic and egalitarian, aspects of state approaches to ‘integration’ have been supplanted, briefly glossed by a rhetoric of ‘social inclusion’, by reversion to increasingly oppressive assimilationist and socially controlling forms of integrationism. This article presents some preliminary findings from fieldwork in Greater Manchester over 2012, showing how mainly British-born Muslims of immigrant background have experienced these processes.
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Musgrove, Luke, and Craig McGarty. "Opinion-Based Group Membership as a Predictor of Collective Emotional Responses and Support for Pro- and Anti-War Action." Social Psychology 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.37.

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Abstract. Social identity theory, intergroup emotions theory (IET), and related approaches offer the potential to understand the social psychological aspects of collective behavior such as movements that protest against or argue for war. Social identification, however, tends to be a weak predictor of collective action intentions. We argue that in order to understand the fault lines of collective action it is useful to consider identification with opinion-based groups. We illustrate this in relation to support for and opposition to the war on terror (WoT) in Australia. Comparing predictions based on IET with those based on opinion-based group identification, we found limited support for the sets of connections hypothesized by IET. Alternatively, social identification with pro- and anti-WoT opinion-based groups was a strong predictor of different emotional reactions and associated action intentions. In particular, highly identified supporters of the WoT were angry at terrorists, and this anger in turn predicted offensive action tendencies against the terrorists. Stronger yet were the emotional reactions of anger at the government reported by highly identified opponents of the WoT, which strongly predicted anti-war protest action intentions. The results point to the utility of the opinion-based group concept for understanding the collective, yet contested, aspects of political support for war and peace in contemporary society.
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Alipbayev, Amangeldy, and Bakyt Byuzheyeva. "Terrorism: socio-political aspects." KazNU BULLETIN. International relations and international law series Vol 79, no. 3 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/irily-2017-3-732.

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Vad, Erich. "How to fight terrorism? Political and strategic aspects." CNS Spectrums 23, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000724.

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“Fighting terrorism is like eating soup with a fork” (Shimon Peres). Peres’s quote symbolically captures the key problem of countering terrorism. 9/11 proved to be a hallmark in the global perception of modern terrorism. The following questions form the framework of the present essay: What is the essence of modern terrorism? How did it develop during the past two decades? Who are the key players within the terror framework? What are the root causes for global terrorism? How are we to deal appropriately with the global phenomenon of terrorism? Are there any solutions (short-, medium-, long-term) to terrorism? If yes, where do we have to look for them? The underlying essay provides a strategic overview of antiterrorism policy that is based on the author’s years-long experience as a high-level expert and advisor within the security policy framework. For this reason, citations are expressly not included. The key target audience comprises laypersons interested in the phenomenon of global terrorism and its social interplay.
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Chubb, Danielle. "Perceptions of terrorism in Australia: 1978–2019." Australian Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2020.1744515.

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Campion, Kristy. "“Unstructured terrorism”? Assessing left wing extremism in Australia." Critical Studies on Terrorism 13, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 545–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2020.1810992.

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Maksum, Ali, and Try Sjahputra. "The Indonesia-Australia partnership to counter radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia." UNISCI Journal 20, no. 58 (January 15, 2022): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-133.

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Indonesia and Australia have always been helpful partners since Indonesian Independence in 1945. However, the relationship was worsened after Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005 as well as Australian embassy bombing in 2004 that killed many Australians. Thus, using Australian perspective, this article attempts to examine the response of Australian government in dealing with terrorism problems in Indonesia as well as the feedback from Indonesia. The research reveals that given the fact that Australia has many interests in Indonesia added with the geographical proximity, it is naturally urged to resolve the terrorism issues in Indonesia. The study found out that Australia proposed some programs to Indonesia due to its domestic interest and international factors. At the same time, Indonesia was also the main beneficiary of Australian counter terrorism policy.
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Pickering, Sharon, and Jude McCulloch. "The Haneef case and counter-terrorism policing in Australia." Policing and Society 20, no. 1 (February 13, 2010): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460903377311.

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Kartavaya, Yu K., and O. G. Kravchenko. "THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT OF “TERRORISM”: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 37 (2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2022-37-88-94.

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The article presents linguistic and socio-political approaches to the definition of the essence and main qualitative characteristics of the concept of “terrorism”. The authors identify the key, most frequently repeated definitional features of the concept, while they do not provide a new definition of this concept, explaining that it is unlikely to contribute to the development of a single universal definition of the concept of “terrorism”.
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De Arimatéia da Cruz, José. "Matteo Vergani: How is Terrorism Changing Us? Threat Perception and Political Attitudes in the Age of Terror." Czech Journal of International Relations 54, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1607.

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This book examines how the perception of terrorism threat erodes civil liberties, sows doubt about the loyalties of immigrants, and heightens the left-right ideological divide. The book presents original analysis of survey data and experiments conducted in Australia, Europe and the United States.Research in the book posits questions that others have largely avoided: How does the threat of terrorist violence undermine multicultural democracies? What are the psychological and social mechanisms that explain how the threat of terrorism can change political attitudes? What is the relationship between terrorism and death threats? What is the role of media in shaping the perception of terrorism threat? And what are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? This book will help readers distinguish between groundless speculation and solid scientific knowledge of the topic. Moreover, it provides concrete recommendations on how to prevent the most negative consequences of the polarization of political attitudes, such as social divisions, exclusivism and conflict. Given the broad geographical scope of the research presented in the book, specifically North America, Europe and Australia, this book will appeal to broad scope of readers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrorism Political aspects Australia"

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Aly, Anne M. "Audience responses to the Australian media discourse on terrorism and the 'other' : the fear of terrorism between and among Australian Muslims and the broader community." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/176.

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The terrorist attcks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 heralded an era of unprecedented media and public attention on the global phenomenon of terrorism. Implicit in the Australian media's discourse on terrorism that evolved out of the events of 11 September is a construction of the Western world (and specifically Australia) as perpetually at threat of terrorism.
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Wise, Gianni Ian Media Arts College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Scenario House." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Media Arts, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26230.

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Scenario House, a gallery based installation, is comprised of a room constructed as a ???family room??? within a domestic space, a television with a looped video work and a sound componant played through a 5.1 sound system. The paper is intended to give my work context in relation to the processes leading up to its completion. This is achieved through clarification of the basis for the installation including previous socio-political discourses within my art practice. It then focuses on ways that the installation Scenario House is based on gun practice facilities such as the Valhalla Shooting Club. Further it gives an explanation of the actual production, in context with other art practices. It was found that distinctions between ???war as a game??? and the actual event are being lost within ???simulation revenge scenarios??? where the borders distinguishing gaming violence, television violence and revenge scenarios are increasingly indefinable. War can then be viewed a spectacle where the actual event is lost in a simplified simulation. Scenario House as installation allows audience immersion through sound spatialisation and physical devices. Sound is achieved by design of a 5.1 system played through a domestic home theatre system. The physical design incorporates the dual aspect of a gun shooting club and a lounge room. Further a film loop is shown on the television monitor as part of the domestic space ??? it is non-narrative and semi-documentary in style. The film loop represents the mediation of the representation of fear where there is an exclusion of ???the other??? from the social body. When considering this installation it is important to note that politics and art need not be considered as representing two separate and permanent realities. Conversely there is a need to distance politicised art production from any direct political campaign work in so far as the notion of a campaign constitutes a fixed and inflexible space for intellectual and cultural production. Finally this paper expresses the need to maintain a critical openness to media cultures that dominate political discourse. Art practices such as those of Martha Rosler, Haacke and Paul McCarthy are presented as effective strategies for this form of production.
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Bauhn, Per. "Ethical Aspects of Political Terrorism : The Sacrificing of the Innocent." Doctoral thesis, Lund University, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-3154.

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Kyriakidis, Kleanthis. "21st century terrorism : wrong diagnosis, inadequate remedy /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FKyriakidis%5FNSA.pdf.

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McCarthy, Sharon. "Beyond the polarising constructions of terrorism : Challenging the discourses that silence public debate in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1011.

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Since the events of the 11 September that saw the downing of the United States World Trade Centre towers and the partial destruction of the Pentagon in 2001, a significant focus politically, academically, and publically has been given to the issue of terrorism. During this past decade a number of labels, assumptions, and narratives have become dominant in an effort to explain what many continue to describe as a contested and complex phenomenon. The evidence indicates that the privileging of the ‘new terrorism’ narrative has functioned to contribute to many of the controversial counter-terrorism policies and practices both in Australia and globally, as well as the demonisation and marginalisation of Muslim communities in much of the Western world. While many studies in the past decade have focused on examining the discourses on terrorism, including but not limited to the War on Terror, Islamic terrorism, and the media constructions of Muslims, few researchers have explored how people work with these typical constructions of terrorism to effect their own social positioning and identity development. Within a Critical Discursive Psychological framework (see Wetherell, 1998), terrorism is understood as an ontologically unstable and discursively constructed social category. As such the current study explored the various discursive constructions of terrorism at three specific levels. Firstly, an extensive examination of the academic literature was undertaken as a means of situating the often neglected knowledge about terrorism within its historical, cultural and political context. Secondly, a review was conducted of the primary West Australian newspaper reports from 2001 until 2005 to explore how the dominant labels, narratives and assumptions about terrorism have been represented, (re)produced and resisted at an institutional level. Finally, using interviews from 21 local West Australian residents, I examined the identity that individuals constructed for themselves and others in drawing on many of these narratives and assumptions within their responses. Four interpretative repertoires of terrorism were identified and these repertoires set up a David and Goliath battle ground of binary opposites that functioned to position terrorism, and those seen to engage in terrorist activities, as either morally understandable if not defensible versus culturally dysfunctional and oppressive. These highly polarised repertoires were used by participants to navigate this emotive, troubled and exclusionary phenomenon. However, while the more positive and morally acceptable repertoires initially helped to support individual identity construction and positions of the self, they also functioned to challenge other aspects of the participant’s lives where participants became positioned as responsible for the exclusionary or oppressive practices towards others. As a consequence, in trying to make sense of terrorism, the participants were confronted with a morally unmanageable situation where full adherence to any one understanding meant being negatively positioned with an unwanted identity. In their attempts to mitigate the shame associated with being stigmatised and socially excluded as a result, the participants utilised a number of moderating practices that functioned to self silence and subjugate their own voices. Ultimately, this meant that while the four repertoires were often deployed together, the need to continuously resist all four positions to varying degrees, ideologically functioned to silence and exclude the participants from the terrorism conversation. It was therefore argued that within the Western understanding, the discourses on terrorism have become discourses of shame. These findings suggest that the discourses on terrorism are much more complex for the average person than has been considered previously and have implications that go well beyond those of the Muslim communities.
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Blomquist, Lars Borge. "Political-security risk in the oil and gas industry : the impact of terrorism on risk management and mitigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96673.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: International oil and gas companies are experiencing an increase in terrorist attacks. After the oil and gas industry became a legitimate target for terrorist groups in the 1990s the number of attacks have increased yearly, with a spike after the 9/11 attacks. In today’s interconnected world political risk is not only about the relationship between the host government and the company. Oil and gas companies may experience risks on a transnational, national and human security level. Because of this, the success of new investments often depends on the successful utilization of risk management strategies. This research study focuses on the importance of political-security risk in the oil and gas industry. This is a risk-management tool to be used before and during international operations; it enables companies to be better prepared to deal with risks that may arise. In January 2013 the oil and gas industry experienced one of its deadliest attacks. The In Amenas gas facility in Algeria was attack by terrorists and in a four-day siege 40 people lost their lives. This forced the oil and gas industry to reconsider its focus on security management. As one of the contractors at the facility, Statoil undertook a thorough analysis of security at the site as well as of the company´s corporate security risk management. The report revealed a lack of focus on political-security risk. Accordingly, the main research question in this study concerns the effect of terrorism on politicalsecurity risk in the oil and gas industry; it specifically analyzes the In Amenas attack. The aim of this study is to answer this question along with two sub-questions, which complement and support the main research question. The first sub-question concerns the factors that contributed to the attack in In Amenas: why was risk mitigation not successful? The second sub-question looks at the possibilities for international oil and gas companies to mitigate the risk of terrorism; or is this a risk that can only be managed? This study argues that political-security risk has not been used to its full potential in the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry has always focused on site security, but a broader more holistic approach to risk management has been lacking. However, as a result of the In Amenas incident, the industry has become more willing to have a new discussion on security and this has resulted in small changes in the way companies operate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye ondervind ‘n toename in terreur aanvalle. Nadat die olie en gasindustrie ‘n wettige teiken vir tereurgroepe in die 1990s geword het, het die aantal aanvalle per jaar toegeneem, met ‘n skerp styging na die 9/11 aanvalle. In vandag se onderling verbonde wêreld hou die politiese risiko nie net verband met die verhouding tussen die gasregering en die maatskappy nie. Olie- en gasmaatskappye mag risiko’s op trans-nasionale, nasionale en menslike sekuriteitsvlak ervaar. As gevolg hiervan maak die sukses van nuwe beleggings dikwels staat op die suksesvolle gebruik van risiko-bestuur strategieë. Hierdie navorsingstudie fokus op die belang van ‘n politiese veiligheidsrisiko in die olie en gasindustrie. Hierdie is ‘n risiko-bestuur gereedskap wat gebruik sal word voor en tydens internasionale operasies; dit stel die maatskappye in staat om beter voorbereid te wees om die risiko’s wat mag voorkom te hanteer. In Januarie 2013 het die olie en gasindustrie een van die dodelikste aanvalle beleef. Die In Amenas olie-aanleg in Algerië is deur terroriste aangeval en tydens ‘n 4 dae lange inval het 40 mense hul lewens verloor. Dit het die olie en gasindustrie gedwing om hul fokus op veiligheidsbestuur te heroorweeg. As een van die kontrakteur by die aanleg het Statoil ‘n deeglike ontleding van die sekuriteit by die plek sowel as die maatskappy se korporatiewe veiligheid risikobestuur onderneem. Die verslag het ‘n gebrek aan fokus op die politiese veiligheidsrisiko getoon. Die hoof navorsingsvraag in hierdie studie het betrekking op die effek van terreur op politiese veiligheidsrisiko in die olie- en gasindustrie; dit ontleed spesifiek die In Amenas aanval. Die doel van hierdie studie is om hierdie vraag tesame met twee sub-vrae wat die hoof navorsingsvraag komplimenteer en ondersteun. Die eerste sub-vraag het betrekking op die faktore wat bygedra het tot die aanval in In Amenas: hoekom was risiko mitigasie onsuksesvol? Die tweede sub-vraag kyk na die moontlikhede vir internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye om die risiko van terreur te versag; of is hierdie ‘n risiko wat slegs bestuur kan word? Hierdie studie argumeneer dat politiese veiligheidsrisiko nie tot sy volle potensiaal in die olie en gasindustrie gebruik is nie. Die olie en gasindustrie het altyd gefokus op die veiligheid van die plek, maar ‘n breër holistiese benadering tot risiko-bestuur het ontbreek. As gevolg van die In Amenas insident, het die industrie meer gewillig geword om ‘n nuwe bespreking oor veiligheid te hê en dit het klein veranderinge in die manier waarop maatskappye opereer tot gevolg gehad.
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Wittig, Timothy Simon. "Power, value, and the individual exchange : towards an improved conceptualization of terrorist finance." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/902.

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Quartermaine, Angela. "Pupils' perceptions of terrorism from a sample of secondary schools in Warwickshire." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71324/.

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Concerns about terrorism, radicalisation and extremism are found within many of the discourses surrounding the safety of young people within modern British society. The current UK Counter-Terrorism Strategy, known as Prevent (2011), suggests that the education system should be responsive to these concerns and that schools in particular need to include certain counter-terrorism measures into their administrative and teaching procedures. However, despite the increased literature on these issues, very little has been done to investigate or incorporate pupils' views into the discussion. Most young people are not, nor have the desire to be, involved in terrorist activities, yet they are still witnesses to the discourses associated with the preventative measures expressed by the State and by the discourses from other sources, such as the media. Therefore, this exploratory study into their perceptions of terrorism provides a unique insight into how these discourses affect young people's views of others and of society-wide ideologies, such as religion. It does not provide suggestions for educationalists and policy makers, since it was conducted separate to State procedures, but rather provides young people with a voice in this ever-growing field of study. The research participants included pupils aged 13-15 years old, from a selection of six schools in Warwickshire, including four comprehensive and two grammar schools. The research drew on the theoretical foundations of Foucault and used Case Study Research methods to uncover the pupils' perceptions of terrorism. By exploring the pupils' language and those influential power-knowledge processes that contributed to the formulations and expressions of their knowledge, this study investigated the affects that external influences can have in the pupils' perceptions and, in doing so, it demonstrated how capable young people are of engaging with a variety of complex and sensitive issues associated with the topic of terrorism.
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Reinke, Leanne 1964. "Community, communication and contradiction : the political implications of changing modes of communication in indigenous communities of Australia and Mexico." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8812.

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Watson, Elliott L. "America and Sri Lanka : terrorism ignored?" Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43109.

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The central investigation of the thesis is an exploration of why the US has, historically, done very little in terms of assisting the various Sri Lankan governments in their fight against, what the US Department of State determined as, one of the most deadly terrorist organisations on the planet. The thesis traces the development of the US-Sri Lanka relationship from independence (1948) to present day, identifying trends and motifs in the bi-lateral connection. Once identified, these trends and motifs are used to place the American response to the emerging conflict in a clear historical context. The work makes it clear that there are unambiguous historical indicators in the US-Sri Lanka relationship that help determine the nature of it, and that these indicators become ever more apparent, even dominant, as the war between the Tamil insurgents and the Sri Lankan state intensifies. These historical indicators are then used to frame the impact of the War on Terror on America's orientation towards the conflict. The investigation draws together the historical dynamics that have shaped, and continue to impact upon, the US-Sri Lanka relationship, giving a very definite set of parameters within which the US is prepared to accommodate the Sri Lankan state. Ultimately, the question of whether the War on Terror, prosecuted by the administration of President George W. Bush, marked a 'turning point' in the relationship between America and Sri Lanka is answered. The judgment, clearly supported by a broad range of original and, at times peerless, primary sources, is that the US operates a very restrictive foreign policy with Sri Lanka, and that this policy has done very little in material terms, to assist against the LTTE - despite the Bush administration's War on Terror.
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Books on the topic "Terrorism Political aspects Australia"

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Todd, Sandler, ed. The political economy of terrorism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Selling the war on terror: Foreign policy discourses after 9/11. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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M, Rubin Barry, and Johns Hopkins University. Foreign Policy Institute., eds. Terrorism and politics. New York: St. Martin's Press in association with the Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute, 1991.

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Todd, Sandler, ed. The political economy of terrorism. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Terror: Social, political, and economic perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

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C, Rapoport David, ed. Terrorism: Critical concepts in political science. New York: Routledge, 2005.

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Faces of state terrorism. Boston: Brill, 2012.

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Hobsbawm, E. J. Globalisation, democracy and terrorism. London: Little, Brown, 2007.

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Wardlaw, Grant. Political terrorism: Theory, tactics, and counter-measures. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Abadie, Alberto. Poverty, political freedom, and the roots of terrorism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Terrorism Political aspects Australia"

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Hill, Lisa, Max Douglass, and Ravi Baltutis. "Implementation of s 113: Lessons to Adopt, Pitfalls to Avoid and Refinements to Pursue." In How and Why to Regulate False Political Advertising in Australia, 123–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2123-0_9.

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AbstractBecause s 113 has been in place for some time it has much to teach us about how to design a viable regime for truth in election advertising. However, in sketching out our preferred or ideal model we offer a number of enhancing modifications to SA’s framework, some of which are inspired by practice (and shortcomings) in other common law jurisdictions. We focus here on the implementation of s 113, in particular on issues associated with: whether the publication of misleading election information should be a civil or criminal matter; timeliness and resources including ergonomic aspects of the investigation process; the notion of ‘material extent’ and its complications in determining a breach of s 113; the issue of possible unintended consequences of TIPA-type legislation; problems associated with determining the difference between purported statements of fact and opinion; legal defences; and appropriate penalties and adjudicators.
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Vad, Erich. "How to Fight Terrorism? Political and Strategic Aspects." In Evil, Terrorism and Psychiatry, 155–68. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108569095.016.

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Mobbs, Karl, Gen Ignatius Tanaka, and Terry R. Bard. "Developmental Aspects of Lone-Actor Terrorists." In Lone-Actor Terrorism, 77–84. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929794.003.0006.

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Identifying lone-actor terrorists is often fraught with extreme public and political pressure. Inherent to such an analysis is a tendency toward certain cognitive biases based on historical offenders and known patterns, akin to “profiling.” Although life events or trauma are significant in many cases, empathically attributing later actions to life events fails to recognize that most people do not became lone-actor terrorists after tragic events. This chapter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of such an approach and also of the multiple variables that could contribute to development of lone-actor terrorists. In addition to the biopsychosocial model, various additional factors are discussed that include both real-life and virtual world relationships and influences.
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Hadji-Janev, Metodi. "International Legal Aspects of Protecting Civilians and Their Property in the Future Cyber Conflict." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 423–49. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8793-6.ch019.

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The post-Cold War reality has brought many changes that challenge political leaders, planners and operators. Using cyberspace to accomplish their political objectives, non-state actors and states have opened serious legal debates over the applicability of the international law of armed conflict principles in cyberspace. In this context, the article explores how the basic principles of International law of armed conflict will apply to the protection of the civilian population from the future cyber conflict. To accomplish this article addresses the ius ad bellum and the ius in bello aspects of cyber conflict.
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Coady, C. A. J. "Religion, War, and Terrorism." In The Meaning of Terrorism, 176–206. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199603961.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 is concerned with common views affirming strong links between religion and terrorist acts. One such view is that religion has an inherent, distinctive tendency to promote war and terrorist acts; another is that many past and present wars and terrorist acts were in fact wholly or primarily caused by religious commitments; another is that religion is unusual in inevitably promoting particularly bad features of war and terrorism, such as their ferocity and duration. The chapter argues that these common views oversimplify and often exaggerate the importance of religious elements in violent conflicts. Not only are positive aspects of religious traditions condemning wrongful resort to violence neglected, but political and non-religious ideologies that can drive war and terrorism also tend to be ignored. The chapter examines arguments by a range of theorists, both those in favor of the strong links between religion and violence and those against.
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6

Alderdice, Lord John. "Leadership, conflict, and cooperation." In Terrorism, Violent Radicalisation, and Mental Health, edited by Kamaldeep Bhui and Dinesh Bhugra, 241–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198845706.003.0017.

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The author reviews what he has learnt from 40 years of analysing and engaging in the resolution of campaigns of terrorism and politically motivated violence, initially in Ireland, and then in other parts of the world. He uses his experience as a psychoanalytic psychiatrist and the leader of a political party to address not just theory but practice and some key lessons learnt about leadership in the context of increasing polarization and violence. This includes the personality and qualities of the leader, the counter-intuitive tactics required and the challenges and opportunities in moving from violent conflict to democratic cooperation. He describes aspects of large group psychology and the practice of negotiation and peace-building as well as important requirements for political and community leadership in the changing context of violent conflict.
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7

Moland, Naomi A. "Introduction." In Can Big Bird Fight Terrorism?, 1–20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903954.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 introduces the book by discussing the key dilemmas that arose during the creation of Sesame Square, the Nigerian version of Sesame Street. It outlines the program’s goals to teach tolerance and peaceful coexistence to Nigerian children and the challenges of promoting these goals in the Nigerian context. This chapter introduces two dilemmas that form the central arguments of the book: first, that multicultural education and celebrating diversity can inadvertently exacerbate stereotypes; and second, that a violent and unjust context can undermine tolerance messages. This chapter reviews historical, political, and cultural aspects of the Nigerian context, including the rise of the extremist group Boko Haram, whose name means “Western education is forbidden.” It also explores what the United States government (which funds Sesame Square) believes the program might do to build stability, peace, and American goodwill in Nigeria. The chapter closes by previewing the content of the following chapters.
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8

Chitadze, Nika. "Problems of Terrorism in the Modern World." In Global Perspectives on the Psychology of Terrorism, 15–36. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5311-7.ch002.

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Currently, the study of the topic of terrorism is especially relevant in connection with the increase in the number of terrorist attacks committed by various terrorist organizations around the world. The constant threat of terror leads to the destabilization of the political, economic, and social situation in the state. Lack of confidence in personal safety contributes to the growth of anxiety, fears, and mental stress, which negatively affects psychological health, leading to the development of various psychosomatic disorders among the population. The genesis of the concept of “terrorism,” the history of terrorism, the psychology of the personality of terrorists and terrorist groups, the victimology of terrorism, methods of providing psychological first aid in terrorist attacks, methods of negotiating with terrorists, technologies for forming a model of safe behavior are the main issues during the study of the basic aspects related to terrorism.
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Gonitashvili, Valeria. "State Terrorism and Its Impact on the Global Processes." In Global Perspectives on the Psychology of Terrorism, 136–59. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5311-7.ch008.

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The complexity and versatility of modern international relations, the struggle for energy resources, the division of spheres of influence between main geopolitical actors, the presence of problems of the global nature – all these factors greatly complicate the interaction of states in the international arena. Such difficulties give rise to many geopolitical strategies and tactics designed to protect the national interests of a particular state. And one such strategy may be state terrorism. First of all, it must be stated that the concept state terrorism has two aspects: internal political and foreign policy. Under state terrorism, internal political phenomenon is understood as the actions of state bodies' law and order against their own people. Often the state uses for this non-state terrorist structures. It is necessary to note that in world history, domestic terror is not a single occurrence. Most often it has manifested itself in totalitarian societies.
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Shema, Claude R. "Peacebuilding, Media, and Terrorism in 21st Century and Beyond." In Censorship, Surveillance, and Privacy, 2114–32. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7113-1.ch105.

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The 21st century faced challenges that undermine peace and harmony among humankind on the planet earth. Apart from scary man made environmental related calamities, the 21st century emerged with the mass media era, where the internet, digital and social media based threats and terrorizing propaganda has catapulted to unspeakable and unprecedented extreme radicalization from all over the globe. The propaganda messages are spread at the lightning speed, from one end of the globe to another instantly, and impacts of the outcomes shake the core of humanity from psychological, political, and socioeconomic aspects as well. Through available literature, this chapter examines the impacts of digital media to peace and conflict resolution, and investigates the psychosocial aspects and modules or hypotheses of media and paths to terrorism behavior as well. Hypotheses suggest a strong link leading to association between digital media and pathways to terrorism and associated psychological impacts.
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