Academic literature on the topic 'Terrorism – Pakistan'

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Journal articles on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Rafique, Naila. "COUNTERING MEASURES OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research 2, no. 02 (December 30, 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37605/pjhssr.2.2.6.

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Terrorism and sectarian violence has started since the creation of the Pakistan. Terrorism is the deliberate use of unlawful force or violence to achieve goal that is political or ideological nature. Special Anti-terrorist courts enforce the Anti-terrorism laws of the Pakistan and system nominates organizations and people consisted with terrorism. Different factors are responsible to make Anti-Terrorism law. A number of extremist challenges faced by Pakistan that are ethnic and religious groups. The Pakistan government established committees to encourage sectarian harmony and religious tolerance. Pakistan support Taliban in Afghanistan, which make the way safe for militancy and also for terrorists. The anti-terrorism law has massive implication on Pakistan by different ways. Pakistan has been effected economically, politically, socially and militarily. According to Pakistan Finance Ministry, that counter terrorism campaign has caused unemployment in affected areas, which increased poverty. The listing of these proscribes organizations is also one of the factor to make anti-terrorism law. To gauge the impacts of anti-terrorism law, so there is technological impediment inhabits a particular incident of terrorists. Due to this hurdle unintended results happened and they transferred the attack. This law also desisted the activities of those groups who are involved in funds rising, money laundering and participation in terrorist activities. This law has sustainable effect on civil freedom rights and values. Some decision maker was also condemned this act on account of personal liberties. The additional powers of this act have been produced inimical result to combat terrorism.
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Ahmed, Naeem. "PAKISTAN’S COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 55, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v55i2.79.

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This paper is an effort to critically evaluate Pakistan’s counterterrorism strategy, based on both military and non-military means. The paper argues that the counterterrorism strategy of Pakistan has proved ineffective and counter-productive to combat the homegrown threat of terrorism, unleashed by militant sectarian groups, following the Takfiri ideology. Although Pakistan’s Military claims that the latest on-going security operations, Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan and Khyber-II in Khyber Agency, have succeeded in clearing most of the area, however, the matter of fact is that the security operations have not considerably damaged the ability of terrorists, particularly the Tehrik Taliban Pakistan (TTP), to plan and execute terrorist attacks. The terrorists’ network, their strength and structure have until now remained intact. The key to longterm prevention of terrorism, beyond security operations for clearing any area of the militants, is to discontinue the supply chain of terrorists. This requires the creation of a new counter-extremism religious narrative, which will help re-formulate a concrete and effective counter-terrorism strategy of Pakistan to ensure domestic peace and security.
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Nizami, Asad Tamizuddin, Tariq Mahmood Hassan, Sadia Yasir, Mowaddat Hussain Rana, and Fareed Aslam Minhas. "Terrorism in Pakistan: the psychosocial context and why it matters." BJPsych International 15, no. 1 (February 2018): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.9.

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Terrorism is often construed as a well-thought-out, extreme form of violence to perceived injustices. The after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the underlying psychological and social determinants of the terrorist act. Since ‘9/11’ Pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and the war against it. This special paper helps to explain the psychosocial perspective of terrorism in Pakistan that leads to violent radicalisation. It identifies the terrorist acts in the background of Pakistan's history, current geopolitical and social scenario. The findings may also act as a guide on addressing this core issue.
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Adam Saud and Azhar Ahmad. "Terrorism and Transnational Groups in Pakistan: A Case Study of Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan." Strategic Studies 38, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.04.00132.

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Pakistan has severely been affected by extremism and terrorism for a couple of decades. Much of this terrorism is an outcome of transnational terrorist groups, which are harbouring mostly in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 9/11 and the consequent global war on terrorism has put Pakistan at the forefront of global anti-terrorism efforts. In Afghanistan, the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) forced some of the transnational Islamists groups, including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU,) to take sanctuary in the Federally Administered Tribal Region (FATA) of Pakistan. In order to survive in a ‘foreign’ territory, the IMU joined its hands with local terrorist organisation, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). It carried out terrorists’ activities throughout Pakistan on the directives of TTP in exchange of sanctuary and finances. Nevertheless, it attacked some of the strategically most important targets in Pakistan. As a result of operation Zarb-e-Azb, the IMU has left Pakistan and is currently, stationed in Northern Afghanistan. Set in this context, the article would try to discuss the background, operational capabilities and activities of the IMU in Central Asia and particularly in Pakistan. It will also try to address the questions; what are the objectives of the IMU? What kind of terrorist activities it has conducted in Pakistan? And why has it been stationed in Pakistan? The research is historical, interpretive and analytical in nature. Both primary and secondary sources have been utilised to carry out this research.
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Naz, Ayesha, Hafsa Jabeen, and Azra Nasir. "Interlinkages among Terrorism, Macroeconomic Instability, Political Instability, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v7i1.66.

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This study attempts to establish the relationship between three types of instabilities and economic growth. Political instability, macroeconomic instability, terrorism, and economic growth are analyzed for the period of 1970 to 2019 in Pakistan. The study constructs the indices of the above-mentioned variables by adding some new variables. Results show that terrorism, political instability, macroeconomic instability, and GDP per capita have long-run associations. GDP per capita and political instability is positively related to terrorism. It indicates that political instable environment paves the way for terrorists to achieve their targets in Pakistan. However, the positive association of GDP per capita to terrorism is due to uneven income distribution pattern. It stimulates deprived groups to become a part of violent activities. Furthermore, results show that macroeconomic performance of a country has no significant effect on terrorist activities but persistent poor performance increases the probability of terrorism. Therefore, in the long-run, macroeconomic instability has positive influence on terrorism. Causality relationships indicate no link between political instability and macroeconomic instability. However, terrorism causes both political and macroeconomic instability in Pakistan.
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Mahmood, Tariq, Khadija Rohail, and Khalid Khan. "Cluster Analysis of Pakistani Terrorism Events to Support Counterterrorism." Societies 8, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8040127.

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The frequency of terrorist events in Pakistan has increased considerably in the past several years. These events are frequent and not random, making it important to identify useful patterns in their occurrences to assist counterterrorism organizations. In this paper, we conducted such an analytical activity for the first time in Pakistan. We acquired data of terrorist events from reliable online sources and applied data preprocessing techniques followed by cluster analysis. Based on statistical correlation, we discovered clusters over the following combinations: (1) “Event of Terrorism—Target of Terrorism”; and (2) “Event of Terrorism—Method of Terrorism”. A more significant clustering is one which groups distinct combinations into separate clusters. We analyzed these clusters along three dimensions: (1) Annually for the time period 1988–2012; (2) for each Pakistani province; and (3) for different types of terrorist events. We also proposed a statistic for gauging the intensity of terrorism and analyzed it along the same three dimensions. Our results were extensive, but generally indicated significant Event–Target and Event–Method clusters, as well as increasing and decreasing trends in terrorism intensity. These can assist counterterrorism authorities in thwarting future attacks and arresting the responsible criminals.
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Leghari, Farooque Ahmed, Hussain Abbas, and Ashfaque Ali Banbhan. "Role of Diplomacy and Deterrence in Managing Pakistan-India Crisis: A Case Study of Post-Bombay Attacks Crisis." Global Regional Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-iii).23.

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The menace of terrorism gives another blow to Indo-Pak relations in 2008 when the terrorists hit Mumbai, one of the major economic hubs of India killing hundreds of people and creating panic for almost four days. India alleged Pakistan for its involvement in the attack. India claimed that Pakistan's territory was used against India. Pakistan rejected Indian allegation, condemned the terrorist attacks and stated that it has no involvement in the terrorist attacks. The major objective of this article is to look at the role of nuclear deterrence in averting war between India and Pakistan during 2008 postMumbai Attacks crisis. The qualitative methodology is used in this research. Semi structured interviews give a rich data to better understand the crisis. The article gives three findings. First, it indicates that militant group involved in Mumbai terrorist attack wanted the nuclear weapon states to fight a war. Second, it indicates that the diplomacy plays a vital role along with nuclear deterrence in averting crisis between India and Pakistan.
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Naz, Ayesha, Zubaria Andlib, and Azra Nasir. "Relationship among Globalization, Terrorism, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i1.118.

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The current study investigates the interconnection of globalization, terrorism, and economic growth in Pakistan over the period of 1972 to 2019. ARDL co- integration bound test is used to establish the relationship among these variables. Limited empirical evidence is available on terrorism and globalization, particularly with reference to Pakistan. The empirical evidence confirms the long-run association among globalization, terrorism, and economic growth. Growth in per capita GDP increases terrorism because higher economic growth is not evenly distributed in Pakistan, while globalization reduces terrorist activities. Globalization, particularly political integration with rest of the world provides technical and financial assistance to overcome terrorism in Pakistan. Moreover, there is unidirectional causality from GDP growth to terrorism and bidirectional causality between globalization and terrorism. However, no evidence of causality is found between globalization and economic growth. This indicates that Pakistan is unable to get economic benefit from globalization because of its internal structural
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Islam, Zahid, Mubeen Adnan, and Musharaf Ali Talpur. "Pakistan’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy with Viable Recommendations." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss2.45.

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Pakistan has been a victim of terrorist activities for the past two decades. No place has been left out as not only military installations, training centers of law enforcing agencies were targeted but soft belly targets like schools, hospitals, mosques, public parks, courts, hotels and restaurants were also chosen by the terrorists. Pakistan Army is a team of professionals having a mastery at their work have been fighting the menace of terrorism effectively but Army alone cannot control it to the fullest without the will and support of the general public and without a ‘hand & glove’ relation with other facets of the society. The objective of this article is to analyze those factors which gave birth to terrorism in Pakistan. Keeping in mind theoretical nature of the study, secondary data analysis method has been used to argue the issue. This study determines that the military operations are not the only solution to counter terrorism in the Pakistan but public opinion, political will and a close and friendly cooperation and coordination is a must to address the issue. Need of the hour is to take all the political, social and economic stakeholders onboard to tackle the issue, of terrorism bluntly.
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Arif, Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan, Bushra Bannan, and Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi. "Counter-Terrorism Measures and Human Rights Protection: The Case of Pakistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iii).14.

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This article focuses on counter-terrorism measures and human rights protection in Pakistan.Terrorism is a complex phenomenon having shocking effects and impacts on states and societies. Terrorists have no boundaries and violate the basic human rights of people. In this context, the people of Pakistan have faced shocking effects of terrorism after the attacks of September 11. The infrastructure of Pakistan is also damaged. While Pakistan has international legal obligations, this paper explores to what extent counter-terrorism measures are to be taken by Pakistan in order to combat terrorism. It explains the nature of the relationship between human rights and terrorism in order to investigate anti-terrorism initiatives taken by Pakistan and to assess human rights protections. It argues that domestication of the norms of international law with regard to terrorism is the need of the hour, and special measures are required to be taken to remove the effects of the evil of terrorism. In all respects, the security of the people of Pakistan is an important concern. Pakistan is active in combating terrorism.However, there are still certain challenges to eliminating terrorism. The paper concludes that Pakistan is under international legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfill the human rights of people without discrimination at every level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Örming, Lovisa. "Drönarattackers effekt på terrorism : fallet Pakistan." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3460.

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The United States use of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) or drones for targeted killings of terrorists has been on the rise in recent years and the method has become the core element of president Obamas strategy in the war against terror. This study examines the deterrent effect of targeted killings on terrorism using UCAV/drones as a method of counterterrorism. Building on the literature on counterterrorism, UCAV, targeted killings, deterrence theory and statistics on terrorism the study provides a case study of the CIA drone operations in Pakistan between the years 2004-2010. The goal has been to analyze drone operations and the extent of terrorism from the beginning of the drone campaign until 2010. This as a means of identifying possible trends in terrorism activity due to the occurrence of drone strikes. Findings suggest that the possibility of a deterrent effect is far from evident and that there are some indications of increased terrorism.
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Khan, Haseebullah. "Determinantsof Terrorism in Pakistan: A Time Serie Analysis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71175.

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Khan, Gohar Karim. "Narrating Pakistan transnationally : identity, politics and terrorism in Anglophone Pakistani literature after "9/11"." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66150/.

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Anglophone Pakistani literature has thrived in the country since its inception in 1947, but the past decade has witnessed a momentous development of this corpus and its readership, receiving formal recognition in Granta 112: Pakistan in 2010. Literary criticism on the subject, which was relatively limited when I started my research on Pakistani English writing in 2009, has since grown but there remains considerable scope for further study. My thesis focuses on the major works of four Pakistani writers, namely Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) and How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia (2013), Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows (2008), Nadeem Aslam’s The Wasted Vigil (2008) and Daniyal Mueenuddin’s In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009). Using 9/11 as a marker, my thesis purports that Anglophone Pakistani writing counterbalances “post-9/11” discourse in American and British fiction which has tended not only to privilege the 9/11 moment as unique, but also assumed essentialist notions of victimhood, violence and identity in its representations. This literature, when it concerns itself with countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq, focuses primarily on their perceived cultural peculiarities, frequently equating them with extremism, violence and female oppression, and thereby reinforcing the dominant non-fictional rhetoric of the international media. As part of this discussion, my study critiques not only Islamophobia but also refutes the erroneous use recent acts terrorism as a justification for rising Islamophobia. My thesis underscores recent Anglophone fiction’s attempts at destabilising the “single story” about Islam and Pakistan. This study examines the contribution of contemporary Anglophone Pakistani writers in providing alternative representational tropes on the subject of Pakistani identity and selfhood, thereby transforming and revitalising the conventional imagining of the country to the international readership. However, I argue that the work of Anglophone Pakistani literature does not stop here. I show that this reimagining of Pakistan operates within the framework of “transnationalism” and aspires to imagine a political state of “togetherness in difference”. Transnationalism is here conceived as attitudinal, covering human collaborations that link people across national boundaries. It is advanced as a progressive and productive alternative to the assumed cultural, political and economic dominations coded into globalization, which is critiqued for its subtexts of cultural and economic domination. Writing from positions of cultural and spatial uncertainty, these writers simultaneously “host” a rigorous interrogation of fundamentalism, violence and oppression in Pakistan but also strive to facilitate a more “hospitable” understanding of Pakistan internationally. Treading the perfidious fault-line between the binaries of home and abroad, native and foreign and extremist and moderate, these writers address two major issues: one, they intervene by exploding the alleged myths of multiculturalism in the so-called “West”; in characterizing this alternative scenario they effectively question the rise of “Islamophobia” and the ill-informed stereotyping of Muslims around the globe, especially after 9/11. Secondly, I argue that the literary resistance offered by these writers constitute a “zone of contact” between the global north and global south. Replacing the discourse of “us and them”, their fictions advocate the phenomenon of what Ien Ang has called “complicated entanglement”. This entanglement envisages a range of transnational narratives—feminist, political, economic and cultural. As border individuals who embody a complex fusion of cultural experiences themselves, these writers are appositely positioned not only to explore the contradictions of human experiences, but also imagine the possibilities of their resolution.
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Tamana, Aazar. "US-Pakistan cooperation and Pakistan's security post 9/11." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/501.

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The thesis addresses the implications of US-Pakistan cooperation post 9/11 for Pakistan’s security. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 on World Trade Center and Pentagon necessitated US-Pakistan cooperation to combat terrorism, which had mixed consequences for Pakistan’s security. At the domestic level, on the one hand, US-Pakistan collaboration helped strengthen the wide consensus in Pakistani society opposed to terrorism. Further, the US encouraged and supported Pakistan’s transition to democracy in 2007-2008. On the other hand, political violence grew in Pakistan, in part due to Pakistan’s close alliance with the US, especially in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan which eroded Pakistan’s domestic security. At the regional level, US-Pakistan cooperation post 9/11 enhanced Pakistan’s security in two significant ways. First, during India-Pakistan military standoff in 2001/2002, the US played a vital role in averting a war between the two adversaries. Second, the US encouraged composite dialogue between India and Pakistan that played a major role in ensuring peace between the two hostile states post 9/11.
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Qureshi, Akhtar. "War in Pakistan the effects of the Pakistani-American War on Terror in Pakistan." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/497.

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This research paper investigates the current turmoil in Pakistan and how much of it has been caused by the joint American-Pakistani War on Terror. The United States' portion of the War on Terror is in Afghanistan against the Al-Qaeda and Taliban forces that began after the September 11th attacks in 2001, as well as in Pakistan with unmanned drone attacks. Pakistan's portion of this war includes the support to the U.S. in Afghanistan and military campaigns within it's own borders against Taliban forces. Taliban forces have fought back against Pakistan with terrorist attacks and bombings that continue to ravage the nation. There have been a number of consequences from this war upon Pakistani society, one of particular importance to the U.S. is the increased anti-American sentiment. The war has also resulted in weak and widely unpopular leaders. The final major consequence this study examines is the increased conflict amongst the many ethnicities within Pakistan. The consequences of this war have had an effect on local, regional, American, and international politics.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Akbar, Muqarrab. "Pakistan at crossroads : war against terrorism and international law." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676475.

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This thesis examines the contribution of Pakistan in the war on terror and problems faced by Pakistan due to this War. It explores selected legal issues of the War on Terror, particularly those relevant to Pakistan. To achieve this, the existing literature on Pakistan's decision to join the War, Pakistan's contribution in the War and its effects on the country are analysed. The research is focused on the Pak-US relations and selected aspects of International Law. A field work through interviews, short sample survey and focus groups are conducted to investigate the opinion of the people in Pakistan regarding the War. Through a snapshot of the history, this thesis examines the phenomenon of terrorism. It provides a general understanding of the phenomenon of Terrorism and examines the roots of terrorism in Pakistan particularly with reference to the Afghanistan factor. The study shows that Pakistan's support and contribution in the War on Terror have incited anti-war sentiments at home, whereas its sacrifice and efforts in countering terrorism have not been recognised at the international level. This study explains that both the internal factors and external dynamics are playing a negative role in achieving the objectives of the War on Terror. Some attention is paid to selected aspects of International Law especially those that have affected the Pak-US strategic partnership in general and the War on Terror in particular, such as drone strikes and violation of Human rights. The thesis shows how the divided public opinion in Pakistan has affected the War on Terror. The successive divergence of interests between Pakistan and US resulted into mistrust between the partners, and in turn, in achieving the objectives of the War on Terror. It also shows that the Policy makers in Pakistan have been unsuccessful in getting the public opinion on board regarding the policies of the War. The thesis concludes that Pakistan's strategic foundations, US policies and the Indian threat are fundamental problems in the alliance with US in the War against Terrorism. There is, therefore, a need to redefine and restructure the Pakistan's foreign policy in general and in the War on Terror in particular to help in mitigating the issue of terrorism in the country.
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Colbert, Jason M. "Pakistan, madrassas, and militancy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2385.

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Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, the US government has become increasingly concerned with madrassas, Islamic schools of religious education in Central and South Asia. U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Secretary of State Colin Powell denounced these religious seminaries as radical institutions which produce Islamic jihadists capable of threatening U.S. national security and interests. This thesis examines the history and current evidence available on madrassas. Specifically, it analyzes their historical evolution and reaction to domestic, regional and international developments. It finds that there is little evidence to connect madrassas to transnational terrorism, and that they are not a direct threat to the United States. However, Pakistani madrassas do have ties to domestic and regional violence, particularly Sunni-Shia sectarian violence in Pakistan and the Pakistani-Indian conflict in Kashmir, making them a regional security concern. This thesis argues that the best path for combating religious militancy in madrassas is by helping to create better alternatives to madrassa education, including state run and private schools, and not by targeting madrassas directly.
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Fayyaz, Shabana. "Pakistan response towards terrorism : a case study of Musharraf regime." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3451/.

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The ranging course of terrorism banishing peace and security prospects of today’s Pakistan is seen as a domestic effluent of its own flawed policies, bad governance, and lack of social justice and rule of law in society and widening gulf of trust between the rulers and the ruled. The study focused on policies and performance of the Musharraf government since assuming the mantle of front ranking ally of the United States in its so called ‘war on terror’. The causes of reversal of pre nine-eleven position on Afghanistan and support of its Taliban’s rulers are examined in the light of the geo-strategic compulsions of that crucial time and the structural weakness of military rule that needed external props for legitimacy. The flaws of the response to the terrorist challenges are traced to its total dependence on the hard option to the total neglect of the human factor from which the thesis develops its argument for a holistic approach to security in which the people occupy a central position. Thesis approach is also shown to hold the solutions for eliminating the causes of extremism on which terrorism feeds and grows. In sum the study deconstructs Musharraf’s regime’s response to terrorism by examining the conceptual mould of the strategic players in the country and postulates a holistic and integrated security framework to deal with terrorism on a pro-active and sustainable basis. An approach such as this would logically entail the redefining of the role of the state vis-à-vis its people as the fulcrum and medium of ensuring traditional and non traditional security of the country.
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Hassan, Talal. "AFGHANISTAN COMPLEX SITUATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON PAKISTAN." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22705.

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The aim of this thesis to high lights the Afghanistan complex situation and itsimplications on Pakistan. Though out the history, Afghanistan complex situation andweak government create a security threat for Pakistan. Since the late 1970s Afghanistanhad suffered brutal civil war in addition to foreign interventions in the form of the 1979Soviet invasion and the 2001 U.S. invasion. Pakistan is significantly and directly affectedby the foreign invasion in Afghanistan. Pakistan is facing a variety of security threats; aninternal threat, an Indian threat, and the threat from Afghanistan. In order to comprehendPakistan's security dilemma, it is necessary to start our discussion with analyze theAfghanistan geographically importance, foreign intervention in Afghanistan, pak-afghanrelation, Pakistan’s foreign policies towards Afghanistan, the resistance movement andrefugee problems, and then evaluate the security situation. Admittedly, the India factorcannot be ignored in studying Pakistan's security dilemma.
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Clarke, Ryan J. "The relationship between terrorism and organised crime in India and Pakistan : dynamics and consequences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597737.

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Much research has focused on the official government policies of India and Pakistan towards Kashmir. Many choose to focus on the political process, prospects for a peaceful resolution, diplomatic hurdles, or the impact that the stalemate has on the economies of the parties involved. Surprisingly little attention in the West has been paid to several notable Pakistani non-state actors who are increasingly operating on their own and who have the potential to greatly inhibit, if not derail, the peace process between India and Pakistan. This research project will focus on Dawood Ibrahim and D-Company for a variety of reasons. For one, D-Company is the largest organised criminal syndicate in Asia. Its network spans the globe and has operations in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and South Africa, amongst others. Secondly, D-Company controls much of the smuggling activity at key ports such as Mumbai, Karachi, and Dubai. Further, D-Company is unique in that it is one of the only criminal syndicates to only include members from a particular religious background (Islam), to have its most senior leadership based overseas (primarily in Karachi), to consist of members ready and willing to attack their own country (India), and to have blurred the line between an organised criminal group and a terrorist network. In-addition to narcotics and weapons trafficking, extortion, racketeering, money laundering and contract killings, D-Company has permitted Al-Qaeda and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to use its smuggling routes. The decision was made to focus on the activites of LeT over other Kashmir-centred militant groups because LeT is often referred to as the largest group operating within Indian territory and has the stongest links with D-Company, a relationship facilitated and nurtured by the ISI. This research challenges the conventional wisdom that TTP and Al-Qaeda are Pakistan's most serious security challenges. LeT has benefitted from decades of state patronage and military training, enjoys strong relationships with criminal syndicates and other terrorist groups (Pakistani and otherwise) and, critically, enjoys a favourable perception amongst everyday Pakistanis due to its carefully crafted image of being on the frontline against a hostile India. Neither Al-Qaeda nor the TTP have the level of domestic sympathy of LeT. This research is highly relevant to policymaking in that it attempts to focus attention on a dynamic of the Kashmir impasse that receives an inadequate amount of attention. Although the role of regular military forces are not to be discounted, many of the non-state actors in 1HK, such as LeT, are also very powerful but are not confined by the same restraints as state forces, thus allowing them engage in more violent actions without as much fear of reprisal. LeT is unlikely to be affected by economic sanctions or arms embargoes and neither is D-Company. In order for lawmakers, security personnel, and other Kashmir watchers to develop a sound, comprehensive policy, this underworld relationship and its potential to undermine political initiatives must be fully appreciated.
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Books on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Gunaratna, Rohan. Pakistan: Terrorism ground zero. London: Reaktion Books, 2011.

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Pakistan fights extremism and terrorism. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 2013.

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Karim, Afsir. Counter terrorism, the Pakistan factor. New Delhi: Lancer International, 1991.

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Chand, Attar. Pakistan terrorism in Punjab & Kashmir. Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1991.

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Charge sheet against Pakistan. Jammu: Jay Kay Book House, 2001.

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Rānā, Muḥammad ʻĀmir. Radicalization in Pakistan. Islamabad: Narratives, 2012.

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Jalālzaʼī, Mūsá K̲h̲ān. Sectarianism and politico-religious terrorism in Pakistan. Lahore: Tarteeb Publishers, 1993.

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Insurgency and terrorism in India and Pakistan. New Delhi: MD Publications, 2008.

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Rijke, Joanie de. Pakistan: Het gevaarlijkste land ter wereld. Breda, Nederland: De Geus, 2012.

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The militant: Development of a jihadi character in Pakistan. Islamabad: Narratives, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Sabharwal, Sharat. "Terrorism." In India's Pakistan Conundrum, 112–32. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003148081-11.

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Ali, Saira. "Mediatisation of Terrorism in Pakistan." In Mediatised Terrorism, 168–218. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284727-7.

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Wolf, Siegfried O. "Pakistan and State-Sponsored Terrorism in South Asia." In Terrorism Revisited, 109–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55690-1_5.

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Basit, Abdul, and Zahid Shahab Ahmed. "The persistence of terrorism in Pakistan." In Terrorism, Security and Development in South Asia, 157–74. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429342523-11.

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Rana, Muhammad Amir. "Terrorism in Pakistan during COVID-19." In COVID-19 in South, West, and Southeast Asia, 60–72. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003291909-5.

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Fashiuddin and Imran Ahmad Sajid. "Madaris and Suicide Terrorism in Pakistan." In Routledge Handbook of South Asian Criminology, 208–19. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429320118-20.

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Fair, Christine. "Explaining support for sectarian terrorism in Pakistan." In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Pakistan, 309–35. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315696706-20.

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Underhill, Natasha. "Pakistan: State Failure, Terrorism, and Insurgency in Context — Part 1." In Countering Global Terrorism and Insurgency, 83–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137383716_5.

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Underhill, Natasha. "Pakistan: State Failure, Terrorism, and Insurgency in Context — Part 2." In Countering Global Terrorism and Insurgency, 109–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137383716_6.

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Toffolo, Cris. "Unethical Alliance? The United States, Pakistan, and the “War on Terrorism”." In The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism, 211–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001931_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Mahmood, Tariq, and Khadija Rohail. "Analyzing terrorist events in Pakistan to support counter-terrorism - Events, methods and targets." In 2012 International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ICRAI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrai.2012.6413383.

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Imron, Muhamad, and Rohaida Nordin. "Countering Insurgency and Terrorism in Pakistan: Challenges and Recommendations." In International Law Conference 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010052600950102.

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Reports on the topic "Terrorism – Pakistan"

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Looney, Robert. Problems in Using Trade to Counter Terrorism: The Case of Pakistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524528.

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Looney, Robert. IMF Stabilization Programs and the War on Terrorism: Conflicting or Complementary Objectives in Pakistan? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524560.

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Sultan, Sadiqa, Maryam Kanwer, and Jaffer Mirza. A Multi-layered Minority: Hazara Shia Women in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.011.

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Abstract:
Shia account for approximately 10–15 per cent of the Muslim population in Pakistan, which has a largely Sunni Muslim population. Anti-Shia violence, led by extremist militant groups, dates to 1979 and has resulted in thousands killed and injured in terrorist attacks over the years. Hazara Shia, who are both an ethnic and a religious minority, make an easy target for extremist groups as they are physically distinctive. The majority live in Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan in central Pakistan, where they have become largely ghettoised into two areas as result of ongoing attacks. Studies on the Hazara Shia persecution have mostly focused on the killings of Hazara men and paid little attention to the nature and impact of religious persecution of Shias on Hazara women. Poor Hazara women in particular face multi-layered marginalisation, due to the intersection of their gender, religious-ethnic affiliation and class, and face limited opportunities in education and jobs, restricted mobility, mental and psychological health issues, and gender-based discrimination.
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