Academic literature on the topic 'Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention'
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Journal articles on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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ISAYEVA, Ainur, Zhanar MEDEUBAYEVA, Saule ALIEVA, and Asemgul GUSMANOVA. "POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM: STATE, OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL SERVICE, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-631.
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In the 21st century, terrorism has become a global problem and one of the main factor in world politics at all levels. Cyclical economic and financial crises have a detrimental effect on the state of the social sphere in all countries without exception, thereby creating fertile ground for radical sentiments and terrorist intentions. The growth of geopolitical tension in the world over the past decades has also contributed to the expansion of the activity of terrorist groups around the globe. This article through SWOT analysis attempts to study the state of the EU's fight against terrorism. The threat of terrorism and its most severe manifestations also affected the countries of the European Union, which prompted it to develop a specific policy in the fight against terrorism and improve methods for preventing and neutralizing the terrorist threat. When analyzing the development process of anti-terrorist structures and the practice of combating terrorism in the European Union in 2001-2020, one can distinguish undoubted achievements of the anti-terrorist course. The weaknesses and objective shortcomings of this course stem from the complexities in world politics and macroeconomics, as well as from the very nature of the EU as a supranational structure.
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Bąk, Tomasz. "The Counter-Terrorist System Of Romania." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0001.
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Abstract This article presents the counter-terrorist system adopted in Romania. The problem of terrorism is one of the challenges within security issues which the European Union is facing. Only lasting, strong cooperation may lead to combating international terrorism, and one of the countries which attempt to do that is Romania. For such actions to be successful, suitable legal solutions have been implemented and adequate structures and units established with the purpose of fighting terrorism. An enormous role belongs moreover to international cooperation and maintaining good relations between various states within terrorism prevention. The Author focuses in particular on the forms and methods of combating terrorism on various planes.
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Lowe, David. "The European Union’s Passenger Name Record Data Directive 2016/681: Is it Fit for Purpose?" International Criminal Law Review 17, no. 1 (February 19, 2017): 78–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01701004.
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In 2016 the European Union (eu) introduced a Passenger Name Record Data (pnr) Directive. There has been controversy in the eu over the acquisition and sharing of pnr data, related mainly to the lack of safeguards and protection of personal data protection. This article examines these issues related to earlier eu pnr agreements with third countries and why previous eu attempts to legislate in this area failed. By drawing a comparison with the 2011 pnr Directive proposal, the article argues that by meeting the strict eu law on data protection as well as being necessary to assist in preventing and detecting acts of terrorism and serious crime it is submitted the 2016 Directive is fit for purpose and able to withstand scrutiny by the Court of Justice of the European Union.
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Iuniushkina, Anna Sergeevna, Tat'yana Ivanovna Pon'ka, and Kristina Alekseevna Shapovalova. "Competition of world powers in Central Asia." Международные отношения, no. 2 (February 2021): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2021.2.35715.
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This article explores the role of Central Asia in modern conditions, which significantly increases in geopolitical and geoeconomic aspect. Attention is given to the general security challenges of Central Asian countries, as this region requires the coordination of efforts of the leading global actors, as well as Central Asian countries themselves. Security issues associated with vulnerability of Central Asian countries to natural disasters and emergency situations that may occur as a result of territorial disputes, ethnic violence, drug trafficking, and terrorism prevention, fight against extremism underline the need for multilateral cooperation aimed at solution of general problems. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which changed the world political map, the newly formed Central Asian countries gave acquired statehood on the international arena. Namely during this difficult period, the Central Asian countries were forced to choose their own development path. Russia and China, to certain extent, have confirmed their presence in the region by creating the economic and military integration institutions with participation of Central Asian countries. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the analysis of interaction between China and Russia in the post-Soviet Central Asia, their role in ensuring regional stability and economic growth. The article also examines the importance of studying the role of the United States and the European Union in Central Asia.
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Lowe, David. "The European Union’s Passenger Name Record Data Directive 2016/681: Is It Fit for Purpose?" International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 5 (October 12, 2016): 856–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01605005.
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In 2016 the eu introduced a Passenger Name Record data (pnr) Directive. In the eu there has been controversy over the acquisition and sharing of pnr data, related mainly to lack of safeguards and protection of personal data protection. This Article examines these issues related to earlier eu pnr agreements with third countries and why previous eu attempts to legislate in this area failed. By drawing a comparison with the 2011 pnr Directive proposal, the Article argues that by meeting the strict eu law on data protection as well as being necessary to assist in preventing and detecting acts of terrorism and serious crime it is submitted the 2016 Directive is fit for purpose and able to withstand scrutiny by the Court of Justice of the European Union.
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Zykova, Olga A. "REGISTER OF ULTIMATE BENEFICIARIES AS A LEGAL MECHANISM FOR TRACKING THE REAL OWNER OF THE COMPANY. EXPERIENCE IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 1 (2020): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-1-178-183.
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In 2015, the European Union adopted the Fourth European Union Directive 2015/849 of the 20th of May, 2015 «on the prevention of the use of the fi nancial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist fi nancing», which introduced the most important innovation – the introduction of a public register of benefi cial owners of European companies and other structures. This article examines the reaction of individual countries to the main proposals and comments of the Directive, which is refl ected in the amendments to the current legal system. Special attention is paid to offshore zones, which are trying to fi nd a compromise between the comments of the European Union, promoting business transparency, and the principle of anonymity, which is the main privilege of offshore territories and which attracts a considerable fl ow of entrepreneurs and their investments. In addition, the article deals with the problem of contradiction of the Russian legislation regulating the procedure for maintaining the register of benefi cial owners and providing information contained therein. The article formulates the main conclusion regarding the register of benefi ciaries as a new modern trend of international tax planning, which should be taken into account in the future when creating the structure of foreign companies, as well as when choosing the jurisdiction in which business activities are planned.
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Lozzi, Maurizio. "Dalla cura della reazione alla cultura della prevenzione." FUTURIBILI, no. 1 (May 2009): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fu2008-001012.
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- The conflictual nature of the contemporary world is being given further momentum by the spiral of violence triggered by the pairing of terrorism and war. The need to design instruments able to prevent violent conflicts is unfortunately based more on the containment of economic costs than that of human and social costs. Yet there are no more serious problems requiring our engagement than those of the prevention of genocide, for which the Italian armed forces and NGOs are considered reliable in theatres of war. A questionnaire used in Belgrade and its surrounding area confirm how much !our way of being good people" is appreciated in the Balkans. Governance and democracy in Europe, by Vincenzo Memoli Current literature on democracy points to a decline in citizens' support for democracy in a number of countries in the European Union. A range of explanations have been offered, and many scholars have identified the performance of governments as the main cause of this democratic deficit. Focusing on fifteen consolidated European democracies, this paper analyses the main government policies and estimates the effects they have on people's democratic support. The principal results highlight that between 2002 and 2005 standards of governance were in decline, and confirm that government decisions have an impact - including in the short term - on people's satisfaction with the functioning of democracy in Europe.
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Lyeonov, S., O. Kuzmenko, V. Koibichuk, and D. Horai. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPERVISORY AND REGULATORY SUPPORT OF FINANCIAL MONITORING AND CYBER SECURITY PROCEDURES." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 3 (2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.3-18.
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Ways to improve the procedures of financial monitoring, cybersecurity organizations in the transition of the state economy to digital format, the development of innovative digitization, the level of information awareness of society is an urgent task today. In the absence of a consensus on the application of specific international law in the field of cybersecurity, individual states unilaterally determine their national positions. Therefore, it is important to determine the specifics of each system for safe and correct organization of mutually beneficial cooperation, on the one hand, and to improve their own practices and procedures to combat money laundering, gain qualitatively new knowledge on the least manifestations of risks and their prevention. stage of origin, on the other hand. The article presents a comparative analysis of the legal support of cyber defense and cybersecurity of the financial system and information and communication technologies of Germany, Poland, Ukraine, the United States, Switzerland, and the European Union. The generalized algorithm of financial monitoring is considered in the context of EU member states, based on the current provisions of Directive 2018/843 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of Europe on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing. The main provisions on which the European Commission’s algorithm is based are: open access to the registers of beneficial owners of companies, which increases the transparency of the analyzed information on financial transactions; transparency of information about trusts and similar structures; expanding the range of obligated entities (suppliers of e-wallets and virtual currency exchange platform); strengthening the capacity of the competent Financial Intelligence Units of the European Union to request, receive and use information from obligated entities; compliance with the criteria for verification of financial transactions carried out with the involvement of countries with a high degree of risk. The results obtained on the organization of a well-developed roadmap for financial monitoring on the example of the European Union serve as a basis for short- and long-term cybercultural modifications for both economic agents and the state.
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Sadrić, Benjamin. "The Use of Military Forces in the Protection of the Borders and Prevention of Irregular Migrations in Selected South East European Countries." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 19, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 474–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.19.3.6.
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The 2015 refugee crisis in Europe was a humanitarian, legal, and logistical cri sis. New circumstances gave rise to ideas of calling upon armies to serve at bor ders. This paper analyses all the elements of the refugee crisis that could serve to legitimise or oppose the use of military forces in the protection of state borders. Governments’ international obligations to protect refugees and providing security for their citizens came into conflict during the crisis. In an age of terrorist threats, the roles of the police and the military are shifting in an unknown direction, yet these international obligations remain. The refugee crisis challenged not only international law but also European Union policies and ethical principles. The possible solutions were either to ac cept all refugees or to close the borders entirely and somewhere in between these opposing solutions the army was considered as a tool. Many have emphasized that there is no place for military personnel at state borders regardless of refugee inflow. Hence, this paper examines the arguments for a “military ban”. Furthermore, a thorough analysis follows on the legal and logistical legitimacy of army usage at borders. At the end, Hungarian, Slovenian, and Croatian legislation are discussed and compared with a view to problems that could arise from the differences in the legislation regarding possible future migration and refugee inflows.
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Piotrowska, Anna, Marian Kopczewski, Julia Nowicka, and Zbigniew Ciekanowski. "MIGRATIONS - JOURNEYS OF THE BROKERS - IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF 21ST CENTURY EUROPE." Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego XV - Wydanie specjalne (July 5, 2021): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6600.
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Contemporary and future threats to Europe in the 21st century constitute an important element of the European Union's security policy. Ongoing wars, terrorism, religious fanaticism and extreme poverty in third world countries led to a drastic wave of refugees that flooded Europe. The article presents the problem of threats related to the increasing migration, as well as the activities of the European Union aimed at preventing the migration crisis. The issue of Syrian refugees fleeing in desperation to Europe, a Europe that does not necessarily welcome them with open arms, was raised. The aim of the presented study is to analyze the situation of contemporary Europe in the context of threats related to the phenomenon of migration. Statistical data published by the most important institutions of the EU Member States, including data related to crimes committed by citizens who are not indigenous people of Europe, were thoroughly analyzed. Eurostat research, data disseminated by the Federal Criminal Police Office in Germany or statistics published by the Italian Istat were used. The conclusions from the above research allowed to verify the hypothesis that the migration crisis is a factor in the multifaceted destabilization of contemporary Europe, and the phenomenon of migration should be considered in this context. Due to the limited volume of the article, the author of the publication presented the most important legal bases regulating legal and illegal immigration, which will facilitate the understanding of the European Union's operation on the issue of interest to us.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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Nanopoulos, Eva Eustasie Ermina. "Judicial review of anti-terrorism measures in the EU." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610483.
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Dalby, Andrew K. "European integrationist influences on member states' counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14394.
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Under the competences of the European Union's intergovernmentally controlled Justice and Home Affairs policy, counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination of efforts have progressed at a rapid pace following the 11 September attacks on the USA. Given, however, that Europe has experienced entrenched terrorist campaigns for the past three decades, one could be forgiven for questioning, in light of the unique co-operative position of Western Europe, why it has taken so long for the membership of the EU to reach a common definition of terrorism. Also why is it that even now, the EU has failed to develop a common policy against terrorism? Political explanations are traditional responses to such questions, but there is a risk of underestimating the complexities of the European Project, and the effect which this has had on so many areas of transnational co-operation. By focusing therefore on the often-overlooked role played by European integration on counter-terrorist co-operation, in addition to empirical analysis of the efficiency of the co-operative structures, we place ourselves in a more beneficial position to understand the current situation. Intergovernmentalism, the controlling force of JHA co-operation, we find is not mutually exclusive to law-enforcement co-operation. Two theories tested for supranational influences - neo-functionalism and federalism - have also played their part, from the early 1960s onwards, in facilitating co-operation. The historical emphasis is important, because co-operation prior to the regulation of much of this area within the EU, following the Treaties of Economic Union, provides us with ample material for analysis and greater insight into the JHA process and counter-terrorism. Intergovernmentalism has helped push counter-terrorist co-operation along, but equally we find that it now serves as a hindrance in completing its development because of its in-built tendency to retain subsidiarity. Counter terrorist co-operation, we conclude, need not be restricted to intergovernmental control any longer.
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Papastathopoulos, Stavros. "Expanding the European Union's Petersberg tasks : requirements and capabilities /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPapastathopoulos.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available online.
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Kirkwood, Lea T. "The European Union counter-terrorism strategy origins, problems, and prospects." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil.uhtbin/hyperion/%5FKirkwood.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Maria Rasmussen, Rafael Biermann. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.85-98). Also available in print.
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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union: political and strategic implications." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1526.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThis thesis analyzes adverse demographic trends in the European Union, including sub-replacement birthrates and increasing median ages. It investigates the implications of these trends for the EU's prospects for becoming a stronger and more influential actor in international affairs. Pressures arising from population trends in and near the EU could ultimately affect national and EU cohesion, governmental effectiveness, and social stability. Absent remedial measures, social programs in some EU countries will be unsustainable due to the mounting financial burden of pensions and health care for growing elderly populations. Such financial obligations hinder funding other national programs, including modernized military capabilities. Nationalism and national identity are at issue in immigrant integration and assimilation efforts. The role of population trends with regard to the growing threat of radical Islamic fundamentalism is explored. The thesis concludes with policy recommendations that might be considered to avert the looming economic, social, and security crises that may result from these demographic trends. In short, the security and financial consequences foreshadowed by the current demographic trends of an aging, economically weaker, and socially conflicted European Union could present dramatic implications for the vital national interests of the United States.
Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Булатін, Д. О., D. O. Bulatin, and ORCID: https://orcid org/0000-0002-0200-2822. "Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією: порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дисертація." Thesis, Харків, 2020. https://youtu.be/9NaUFk_HSLA.
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Булатін, Д. О. Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією: порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дис. ... д-ра філос.: 12.00.07, 081 / Дмитро Олексійович; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2020. - 247 с.У дисертації міститься теоретичне узагальнення актуальної наукової проблеми, пов’язаної із визначенням адміністративно-правових засад здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією через порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС, а також шляхів їх удосконалення. В результаті проведеного дослідження сформульовано низку положень та висновків котрі спрямовані на досягнення поставленої мети.
The dissertation contains a theoretical generalization of the current scientific problem related to the definition of administrative and legal principles of preventive activities by the police through a comparison of the experience of Ukraine and the EU, as well as ways to improve them. As a result of the research, a number of provisions and conclusions have been formulated which are aimed at achieving the set goal.
В диссертации содержится теоретическое обобщение актуальной научной проблемы, связанной с определением административно-правовых основ осуществления превентивной деятельности полицией через сравнение опыта Украины и стран ЕС, а также путей их совершенствования. В результате проведенного исследования сформулирован ряд положений и выводов которые направлены на достижение поставленной цели.
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BARROS-GARCIA, Xiana. "Explaining EU decision-making on counter-terrorism." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/11993.
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Examining board: Prof. Pascal Vennesson, EUI/RSCAS (Supervisor) ; Prof. Adrianne Héritier, EUI/RSCAS ; Prof. Monica Den Boer, Free University of Amsterdam; Prof. Hanna Ojanen, Finnish Institute of International AffairsDefence date: 22 December 2008
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Prior to 11 September 2001, the counter-terrorist responsibilities overseen by the European Union (EU) were relatively unimportant. Since then, however, member states have decided to engage the EU in a larger number of counter-terrorist issues and, in some cases, empower it to undertake substantial tasks. The EU has thus become an important player in counterterrorism in Europe; notwithstanding the fact that the major actor remains the member states themselves. However, this increase in EU engagement on counter-terrorist issues has varied enormously from one policy area to another. This asymmetric increase lies at the centre of my research question: since 11 September 2001, why have member states conferred important anti-terrorist responsibilities to the EU in some areas - for instance, judicial cooperation in criminal matters - and less significant in others, such as policing? I address this question by investigating the agenda-setting and decision-making processes of two specific EU decisions in each of my two policy area cases (2001-2007). In each case, one decision constitutes a large increase of EU engagement and the other represents a small or zero increase. The two cases are: Judicial Cooperation (European Arrest Warrant and the European Evidence Warrant) and Police Cooperation (EU ‘Prüm Measure’ and failure of the Commission’s proposal on the Principle of Availability). In order to explain the research puzzle, I apply a modified version of John Kingdon’s ‘Three Strands Model.’ This enquiry sheds light on the relative influence on decision-making of the occurrence or non-occurrence of a major terrorist attack (i.e. changes in the addressed problem) and the entrepreneurship of the European Commission or of the member state holding the rotating Presidency of the EU Council. The EU member states are the central actors and their preferences are analysed as a means to understand the role played by the logic of consequentialism and the logic of appropriateness, respectively.
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ZYSK, Przemyslaw. "New governance and new terrorism in the European Union: the beauty and the beast." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6912.
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Defence date: 16 February 2007Examining board: Prof. Grainne de Búrca (Supervisor, former EUI, Fordham Law School) ; Prof. Wladyslaw Czaplinski (University of Warsaw) ; Prof. Neil Walker (European University Institute) ; Prof. Jörg Monar (Université Robert Schuman, Strasbourg)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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GOLABEK, Michal. "'Weaving a silver thread' : human rights coherence in EU foreign affairs and counter-terrorism." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26445.
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Defence date: 21 January 2013PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Examining Board: Professor Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute; Professor Alan Rosas, Judge at the Court of Justice of the European Union; Professor Christophe Hillion, University of Leiden and Stockholm University.
Human rights are among the chief values on which the EU is ‘founded’ (Art. 6 TEU) and which it seeks to promote through its external relations (Art. 21 TEU). Coherence with values is a significant rhetorical tool which is used, on the one hand, to justify the development of new policies and instruments, and, on the other hand, to challenge EU actions by civil society, the European Parliament, commentators, but also third countries. This thesis examines whether human rights are indeed a ‘silver thread’ running through everything that EU does as argued by the EU High Representative. To that end, I first analyze why coherence as such, and coherence with values in particular, hold an important place in the EU’s foreign policy integration. As a second step, I discuss the nature of human rights as an international and EU framework for coherent action. I then investigate one particular area of EU external action, namely counter-terrorism policy, with a view to assessing coherence with values in practice, and more specifically to analyzing how successful the EU actually was in integrating human rights in its counter-terrorism instruments such as sanctions, provisions of its international agreements, and external assistance. On this basis, I outline in the third part the legal and policy aspects of human rights coherence, before concluding with the steps which still need to be taken in order to ‘weave a silver thread’ of human rights into EU external policy.
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ASKOLA, Heli. "Legal responses to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the European Union : towards a comprehensive approach?" Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4547.
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Defence date: 20 June 2005Examining board: Bruno de Witte, EUI ; Kees Groenendijk, University of Nijmegen ; Thérèse Murphy, University of Nottingham ; Neil Walker, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
The phenomenon of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation, which in the last decade has changed from a marginal 'non-issue' to a legitimate concern in many parts of the world, has become familiar through newspaper coverage, and now, finally, legislators and law enforcement agencies have begun to act. In Europe many EU Member States now have (or are developing) at least some sort of anti-trafficking policies (with some of them in the forefront of global anti-trafficking efforts). Moreover, the EU itself has become markedly more active with regard to curbing trafficking in human beings, as part of its migration control and police and judicial co-operation functions. However, even co-ordinated efforts such as those being worked on by the EU tend to produce only short-term 'cures' to a problem that is in truth global and structural in nature and which cannot be eradicated - or necessarily even significantly reduced - through policing and migration control measures alone. Too often there is little debate on broader measures which might be targeted to address the 'root causes' of trafficking, such as poverty, under-development, general lack of economic and migration opportunities and, above all, gender inequality. Against this background, this dissertation deals with present efforts to control trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. In doing so it examines claims that what is needed effectively to prevent and tackle trafficking is a 'comprehensive' approach, and at the very least one that is far more wide-ranging and coherent than what exists today, and also analyses the assertion that destination countries, and more specifically Member States of the EU, could and perhaps should, take more action against trafficking through regional co-operation, particularly in the framework of the EU, rather than as individual Member States. The thesis will be of interest to a wide range of scholars in EU law, human rights, comparative law, sociology, feminist theory and politics, as well as policy-makers, practitioners and NGO activists in various European countries.
Books on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na tle innych państw Unii Europejskiej: Stan obecny oraz perspektywy zmian = Polish internal safety in comparison to other European Union countries : current situation and perspectives for changes. Józefów: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi, 2009.
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The evolution of EU counter-terrorism: European security policy after 9/11. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2013.
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The politics of EU police cooperation: Toward a European FBI? Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner, 2003.
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Counterterrorism and international power relations: The EU, ASEAN and hegemonic global governance. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2010.
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1938-, Rihani Samir, ed. Complexity and public policy: A new approach to twenty-first century politics, policy and society. London: Routledge, 2010.
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Hertzberger, Eveline R. Counter-terrorism intelligence cooperation in the European Union. [Turin, Italy?]: UNICRI, 2007.
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Christophor, Dishovsky, and Pivovarov Alexander A, eds. Counteraction to chemical and biological terrorism in east European countries. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.
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The EU and counter-terrorism: Politics, polity and policies after 9/11. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.
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Jess, Pilegaard, ed. The politics of European security. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies, 2004.
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Vincent, Kronenberger, and Wouters Jan 1964-, eds. The European Union and conflict prevention: Policy and legal aspects. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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Seyad, Sideek Mohamed. "Article 75 [Prevention and Combating Terrorism]." In Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - A Commentary, 1427–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43511-0_76.
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Benoit, Loïck. "The Prevention of Conflicts and Combating Trafficking (Humans, Drugs, Firearms, Weapons ...) and Terrorism." In The European Union and Conflict Prevention, 253–70. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-539-1_12.
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Marievsky, V., and S. Doan. "Development of Measures on Prevention and Liquidation of Bioterrorist Phenomena in Ukraine." In Counteraction to Chemical and Biological Terrorism in East European Countries, 233–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2342-1_27.
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G., Shmatkov, A. Oksamitniy, and I. Nikolaeva. "Basic Ways of Prevention of Chemical and Biological Terrorism on the Territory of Ukraine." In Counteraction to Chemical and Biological Terrorism in East European Countries, 25–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2342-1_4.
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Radoniewicz, Filip. "International Regulations of Cybersecurity." In Cybersecurity in Poland, 53–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_5.
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AbstractThere is no doubt that, due to the global nature of modern ICT networks, international cooperation plays a key role in ensuring cybersecurity, including in the fight against cybercrime.This chapter describes initiatives taken within international organizations to ensure cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime. The presentation will start with the initiatives of the OECD and the Council of Europe. This is due not only to some kind of “Eurocentrism” but above all to the fact that these two organisations were the first to address cybersecurity and cybercrime issues. In addition, the Council of Europe Convention 185 on CyberCrime of November the 23rd, 2001, an international agreement concluded in the Council of Europe, is a milestone in the prevention of computer crime, remaining the only binding act of international law to combat it. Its importance is best demonstrated by the constantly growing number of signatories (and countries that model without signatures after the provisions, e.g. Pakistan) and the fact that international organisations, or recommend that their members accept (UN, G7/G8, European Union) or “copy” provisions, creating their own model legal acts (e.g. Commonwealth).
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Vidosavljević, Dragana. "DIREKTIVA EVROPSKE UNIJE O SUZBIJANjU PRANjA NOVCA PUTEM KRIVIČNOG PRAVA." In USKLAĐIVANjE pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije. [Knj. 10], 401–10. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upssx.401v.
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The paper presents the European Union Directive 2018/1673 on combating money laundering through criminal law. The goal of this international document is the harmonization of criminal law in the European countries in order to form a unique strategy to combat money laundering. Since the current Law on Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism, as amended, is harmonized with the so-called The fifth directive of the European Union, we will first give an overview of the key features of the directives that preceded Directive 2018/1673 and then make a comparison of the international document in question with relevant provisions in the current Criminal Code of Serbia and the Law on Prevention of Money Laundering. It was established that the Serbian Criminal Code adopted the largest number of European recommendations.
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Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues. "Analysis of the Cybercrime with Spatial Econometrics in the European Union Countries." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 483–99. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6324-4.ch030.
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The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the crimes related to the new information technologies in the European Union using the data provided by the European Commission and the spatial econometrics approaches. The data were analyzed with several tests, namely the Moran´s I, to verify the existence of global (for all countries of the European Union) and local spatial autocorrelation. The presence of spatial autocorrelation in the data means that the variable analyzed in a determined country is auto correlated with the same variable in the neighboring countries. The data analysis was complemented with some cross-section estimations, considering namely the Lagrange Multiplier tests, to examine the spatial lag and the spatial error autocorrelation. The spatial autocorrelation is a statistical infraction, so the consideration of these subjects prevents result bias and on the other hand allows some conclusions important to help in the definition of adjusted policies.
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Szluz, Beata. "Cooperation for the Prevention of Homelesness Using Examples of Selected Countries of the European Union." In INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING. Faculty of Education, J. E. Purkyne University in Ústí nad Labem, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/24.2016/k/978-80-7414-987-0/0223.
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Págio, Leonardo Saraiva. "UMA NOVA ORDEM JURÍDICA FISCAL INTERNACIONAL ATRAVÉS DA COOPERAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA DE INFORMAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS-FISCAIS." In Fronteiras de acesso à Justiça: Processo e Meios Alternativos na Democracia no Século XXI, 35–53. JUS.XXI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51389/qdkv9608.
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In a Portuguese-Brazilian dialogue, confronting the realities of the American and European continents, it is clear that the European Union, through the OECD with the support of the United States through FATCA, contributes to international cooperation with respect to providing legal conditions and procedures favorable to an information technology integrated in the scope of their respective financial-fiscal systems to attend to the control and inspection of facts that generate taxable wealth and, in this way, realize distributive justice at the international level, strengthening all countries. It is notorious the existence of a significant portion of the population using the culture of avoiding taxation as an advantageous means to indulge themselves and have greater gains against competitors in an unfair way. This posture on the part of natural and legal persons in American and European countries directly harms the collection, the provision of public services and the democratic process for the effective reduction of social inequalities. Confronting this nefarious and improper conduct of omissive tax exemption, which directly affects the implementation of international fiscal and human rights standards, is in line with a promising legal regime for exchanges at a technological level of financial-tax information in the fight against fraud and tax evasion. In addition to eliminating terrorist financing, preventing aggressive tax planning, money laundering and eliminating criminal organizations that engage in money laundering and other crimes against public order. The theme of exchanging tax information has been widely debated and new paradigms have been adopted, namely due to the international context we have lived in the last decades characterized by the phenomenon of globalization of national economies, technological advances, the role of the Social State and several unexpected events and impacting of a natural or induced nature, it has favored a new posture of adaptation, improvement and integration of countries and their administrative operation systems and, above all, fiscal. The activities in this legal exchange regime, according to the author, are the responsibility of an international organization with specialized technical coordination (European Commission/WTO) with power to make decisions regarding the promotion or economic administrative restrictions in favor of the public interest, in the rigorous and sophisticated regulation of the entire flow of information generated in each tax system in the European Union, Mercosur and all countries in the world, so that taxpayers are under monitoring and security regarding their valued income and acquisitions, given the globalized economy, as this deepens scientific research in his master's thesis in legal and business sciences in Portugal. The European Union, like Mercosur and other intergovernmental organizations for economic integration, are advancing with the objective of transparency and improvement of processes that will benefit the State's revenue and establish fiscal rules that favor the exchange of financial information between countries for an advanced control and inspection of the tax system, in the face of that omissive sovereign State, which perhaps does not respect or is unable to preserve the rights constitutionally guaranteed to all its citizens. The cooperation system in the exchange of financial-fiscal information at a universal level, between the tax administrations integrated to the competition bodies, will enable the execution of investigation, analysis, control and financial-fiscal-market assessment of all taxpayers and companies in a certain territory, so that it does not happen that a given company decides to transfer to another country to carry out its operations, based on privileged and selective conditions granted to it, without taking into account the damage to competitors, to the taxpayers and the State.
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Vidosavljević, Dragana. "EVALUACIJA PROGRAMA PREVENCIJE KRIMINALITETA – POJMOVNI OKVIR I PRIMERI DOBRE PRAKSE." In USKLAĐIVANjE pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije: Knj.9, 313–43. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upssix.331v.
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In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of evaluation of crime prevention programs in the European Union. The key role in this is played by the European Crime Prevention Network, established by the Council of the European Union, whose task is to create a platform for cooperation and exchange of knowledge and good practices in the field of crime prevention. To achieve this goal, the European Crime Prevention Network has adopted several important documents that provide practical guidelines for conducting evaluations of prevention programs. On the other hand, this issue is unjustifiably neglected in the anti-criminal policy of Serbia. For this reason, we will first discuss the basic concepts related to the evaluation of crime prevention programs, and then present some positive examples from some of the European countries.
Conference papers on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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Ballı, Esra, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.
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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Aanstoos, Ted A. "Management Challenges in Emerging European Union Eco-Standards." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52115.
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The European Union is 450 million citizens in 25 otherwise sovereign countries, but connected in a multinational federal metastate that claims a combined economy in excess of $9 trillion (US), making it one of the world’s largest economies. As a community faced with massive decontamination and re-industrialization from devastating wars, Europe places due emphasis on issues of environmental sustainability and pollution prevention. Under broad policy guidelines of the New Approach and Integrated Product Planning frameworks, the European Commission is drafting legislation that will mandate eco-standards for all energized end-use equipment for sale in the internal market. These proposed standards may raise controversy in many industry sectors and international arenas (including within Europe itself) because they may not be based on sound and accepted scientific analysis, because they may constitute a de-facto violation at least in spirit of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and because nobody can yet predict their cost impact and other market effect. Compliance with these emerging energy efficiency regulations will impose considerable management requirements on manufacturers as they devise documentation and certification programs for their products that are likely to be of a scope similar to ISO 14000. This paper assesses the new requirements from a product and design management perspective.
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Panagoreţ, Andreea, Dragos Panagoreţ, and Tomislav Kandyija. "Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy of the European Union." In G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/16.
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Sustainable development approaches the concept of quality of life in all its complexity, from an economic, social and environmental point of view, promoting the idea of the balance between economic development, social equity, efficient use and conservation of the environment. By its very nature, sustainable development represents the need for responsibility and education for environmental protection, and this aspect is reflected in the evolution of community policy in recent years, a policy marked by the transition from an approach based on constraint and sanction, to a more flexible, based one on incentives. Thus, it is acting in the direction of a voluntary approach, in order to promote this environmental responsibility and to encourage the use of environmental management systems. The environmental policy does not act independently, but reflects the interest of civil society in this direction, manifested by the creation of numerous environmental movements and organizations. Moreover, in some countries the creation and development of "green" political parties has been achieved, with real success in the political arena. However, resistance - or, more properly, the restraint and inertia that manifests itself, should not be forgotten, when environmental objectives seem to limit industrial competitiveness and economic growth; but this aspect only emphasizes once again the need for a concerted approach at European level and the need for an active and integrated environmental policy, capable of responding to the challenges that appear economically. The European environmental policy is based on the principles of precaution, prevention, correction of pollution at source and "polluter pays". The precautionary principle is a risk management tool that can be invoked if there is scientific uncertainty about a possible risk to human health or the environment, arising from a particular action or policy.
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Fotova Čiković, Katerina. "COVID-19 CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’S RESPONSE IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CAS FRAMEWORK." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2021.75.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the world in 2020 and it has been recognized as the biggest stress test in the history of the European Union. The pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy had been projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, which is much worse than during the 2008– 09 Global financial crisis. In these difficult and challenging times, countries and societies need to adapt to the new situation while minimizing the negative social and economic implications. This paper discusses how different governments in the South East Europe region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) have managed and dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the current literature on COVID-19 is conducted. This paper should enable a better understanding of how different governments have faced the pandemic and how and to which extent they facilitated a proactive and timely approach towards crisis management. The objective of this study is to theorize a CAS (Complex Adaptive System) framework to evaluate the prevention, preparedness, response and crisis management and strategies used during the pandemic and assess the steps taken so far by the selected Southeast European transitional countries for tackling the COVID-19 crisis up to September 2020.
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Vyrozhemskyi, Valerii, Liudmyla Nahrebelna, Minenko Yevhen, and Nataliia Bidnenko. "New method of predicting the occurrence of road accidents in Ukraine." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1067.
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Insufficient road safety level remains a serious problem in Ukraine. The number of people killed in road accidents in 2018 per 100 thousand of population is 9,11, while in the countries of the European Union, on average, this indicator is 5-6 deaths per 100 thousand of population. The growing number of vehicles and road users increases the likelihood of road accidents and, accordingly, the number of the suffered people increases. This regularity can be noted not only in our country, but also in the countries over the world. Method of prospective extrapolation is proposed for the prevention of road accidents which makes it possible to transfer the trends and links connected with the occurrence of road accidents in the past to the current period and for the future. To apply this method, it is necessary to have a qualitative statistical analysis of the road accident data. This provides an opportunity to foresee the occurrence of a particular type of accident, its location and the causes affecting its occurrence. By using the prospective extrapolation method, it is possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences, including reducing the number of fatal accidents to a minimum.
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Schaaf, Manfred, and Friedrich Schoeckle. "Technical Approach for the Reduction of Fugitive Emissions." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78125.
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The demands on industry to reduce fugitive emissions are increasing, steadily. For the European Union the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) directive determines emission levels. Individual countries can adopt even tighter legislation like the TA-Luft (“Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control”) in Germany. E. g. the TA-Luft gives specific emission levels for valves according to the German VDI guideline 2440 - Emission reduction in oil refineries. In industrial applications in which the demands of the TA-Luft have to be met only certified sealing materials can be used in future. There are several requirements the sealants must fulfill, the most important in this respect is the tightness proof in a first-time test according to VDI 2440. In this objective, new packing materials were developed to be in compliance with the TA-Luft needs. The knowledge of the material characteristic is the basis for the improvement of the tightness capability and therefore for the reduction of fugitive emissions. But in almost the same manner the mounting procedure of the packing rings is important. It is necessary to perform the mounting procedure in two steps: a pre-deformation step (high stress level for seating) and a prestressing step (stress level must meet tightness requirements). Mounting by use of torque wrenches is time consuming, if this 2-step procedure is followed. Thus, mounting by use of hydraulic tensioner becomes effective. In the paper the most relevant packing material characteristics and the necessary tests to determine these characteristics are summarized. Then the mounting tools for hydraulic tensioning are introduced. Finally, some results of packing tests according to VDI 2440 are presented.
Reports on the topic "Terrorism – European Union countries – Prevention"
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Maletta, Giovanna, and Lauriane Héau. Funding Arms Transfers through the European Peace Facility: Preventing Risks of Diversion and Misuse. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/oelz9733.
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Since it was established in March 2021, the European Peace Facility (EPF) has become the main source of funding for European Union (EU) external actions in the field of crisis management and conflict prevention with defence and military implications. These include initiatives such as EU military missions, support to military peace operations led by other actors and assistance to strengthen third states’ military capacities. In addition, through the EPF, EU security assistance can also fund, for the first time, the supply of lethal military equipment and, thus, weapons. Arms transfers to countries that are affected by crises and conflict bear higher risks that the weapons provided may be misused or diverted to unauthorized end-users. Considering the contexts in which the EPF is already or will likely be funding the provision of weapons, these risks are particularly tangible. The EU and its member states have instruments and expertise at their disposal that they should use to minimize the potential negative consequences generated by using the EPF for addressing partners’ security needs. These include preventing overlaps in establishing relevant controls, including post-shipment controls, and coordinating EPF actions with assistance in the field of arms transfer and small arms and light weapons controls.