Journal articles: 'Terrorism Australia'

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McGarrity, Nicola. "‘Let the Punishment Match the Offence’: Determining Sentences for Australian Terrorists." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i1.87.

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To date, 38 men have been charged with terrorism offences in Australia. Twenty-six have been convicted. The article commences with an overview of the factual circumstances leading to these convictions. This provides important background for the following discussion of a largely unexplored issue in Australian anti-terrorism law and policy, namely, the difficulties faced by the Australian courts in adapting traditional sentencing principles to the (for the most part, preparatory) terrorism offences enacted by the Commonwealth Parliament after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Of particular interest are how the courts determine the objective seriousness of these offences and the respective weight placed upon deterrence (both specific and general) and the rehabilitation of convicted terrorists.

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Blackbourn, Jessie. "Counterterrorism legislation and far-right terrorism in Australia and the United Kingdom." Common Law World Review 50, no. 1 (March 2021): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779521989332.

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Over the past two decades, since the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States, a number of countries have enacted new laws tailored specifically to the threat posed by Islamic extremist terrorism. This includes recent legislation that has criminalised behaviour associated with ‘foreign terrorist fighters’, such as the act of travel to, or fighting in, foreign conflicts. This legislative response reflects the enactment of earlier laws, with measures designed for prior iterations of the contemporary Islamic extremist terrorist threat, such as control orders and preventative detention orders, prohibitions on extremist speech and disseminating terrorist propganda and the criminalisation of terrorist training. Yet despite the focus on Islamic extremist terrorism, this is not the only terrorist threat that Western democracies face. The rise of far-right terrorism in recent years has, however, not seen the same recourse to new legislation as has been the case for Islamic extremist terrorism. Using Australia and the United Kingdom as case studies, this article assesses the extent to which counterterrorism legislation has been used to deal with the particular threat posed by far-right terrorism. In doing so, it evaluates the lessons that might be learned from applying counterterrorism legislation designed for one particular terrorist threat to other types of terrorism.

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Caldicott, David G. E., and Nicholas A. Edwards. "Medical Preparation for Terrorism in Australia. Is Luck Running Out for “The Lucky Country?”." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000133.

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AbstractRecent world events have forced Australia to re-examine its role on the world stage and its susceptibility to terrorist attacks. The authors examine the brief historical exposure of Australia to the phenomenon of terrorism, and review the geopolitical climate and features that may render it more susceptible to attack in the future. Australia's emergency management structure is outlined, and its current state of medical preparedness for a terrorist incident is critically reviewed.

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Caldicott, David G. E., and Nicholas A. Edwards. "Medical Preparation for Terrorism in Australia. Is Luck Running Out for “The Lucky Country?”." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000777.

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AbstractRecent world events have forced Australia to re-examine its role on the world stage and its susceptibility to terrorist attacks. The authors examine the brief historical exposure of Australia to the phenomenon of terrorism, and review the geopolitical climate and features that may render it more susceptible to attack in the future. Australia's emergency management structure is outlined, and its current state of medical preparedness for a terrorist incident is critically reviewed.

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Maksum, Ali, and Try Sjahputra. "The Indonesia-Australia partnership to counter radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia." UNISCI Journal 20, no. 58 (January 15, 2022): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-133.

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Indonesia and Australia have always been helpful partners since Indonesian Independence in 1945. However, the relationship was worsened after Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005 as well as Australian embassy bombing in 2004 that killed many Australians. Thus, using Australian perspective, this article attempts to examine the response of Australian government in dealing with terrorism problems in Indonesia as well as the feedback from Indonesia. The research reveals that given the fact that Australia has many interests in Indonesia added with the geographical proximity, it is naturally urged to resolve the terrorism issues in Indonesia. The study found out that Australia proposed some programs to Indonesia due to its domestic interest and international factors. At the same time, Indonesia was also the main beneficiary of Australian counter terrorism policy.

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Briskman, Linda. "The Creeping Blight of Islamophobia in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i3.244.

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In the latter months of 2014, following events in faraway Iraq and Syria, Australia responded forcefully at home. The manufactured fear of a terrorist attack resulted in police raids, increased counter-terrorism legislation and scare campaigns to alert the public to 'threat'. Although Islamophobia rose in Australia after 2001 it has been latent in recent years. It is on the rise again with collateral damage from government measures including verbal and physical attacks on Australian Muslims. Vitriol is also directed at asylum seekers and refugees. Media, government and community discourses converge to promote Islam as dangerous and deviant.

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Tin, Derrick, Alexander Hart, Attila J. Hertelendy, and Gregory R. Ciottone. "Terrorism in Australia: A Decade of Escalating Deaths and Injuries Supporting the Need for Counter-Terrorism Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000157.

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AbstractBackground:Australia is ranked 71st on the Global Terrorism Index (GTI; 2019), a scoring system of terrorist activities. While it has a relatively low terrorist risk, events globally have wide-ranging repercussions putting first responders and emergency health workers at risk. Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) is rapidly emerging as a sub-specialty needed to address these threats on the front line. This study aims to provide the epidemiological context for the past decade, detailing the unique injury types responders are likely to encounter, and to develop training programs utilizing these data.Methods:The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was searched for all attacks in Australia from the years 2009-2019. Attacks met inclusion criteria if they fulfilled the following terrorism-related criteria as set by the GTD. Ambiguous events were excluded when there was uncertainty as to whether the incident met all of the criteria for inclusion as a GTD terrorist incident. The grey literature was reviewed, and each event was cross-matched with reputable international and national newspaper sources online to confirm or add details regarding weapon type used, and whenever available, details of victim and perpetrator fatalities and injuries.Results:Thirty-seven terrorist events occurred in the study time period. Of the thirty-seven incidents, twenty-six (70.2%) involved incendiary weapons, five (13.5%) involved firearms, four (10.8%) involved melee (bladed weapon/knife) attacks, two (5.4%) were explosive/bombing/dynamite attacks, and one (2.7%) was a mixed attack using both incendiary and melee weapons. All except one firearms-related incident (four out of five) resulted in either a fatality or injury or both. Every melee incident resulted in either a fatality or injury or both.Conclusions:In the decade from 2009 to 2019, terrorist attacks on Australian soil have been manageable, small-scale incidents with well-understood modalities. Eleven fatalities and fourteen injuries were sustained as a result of terrorist events during that period. Incendiary weapons were the most commonly chosen methodology, followed by firearms, bladed weapons, and explosive/bombings/dynamite attacks.

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Pearson, Mark, and Naomi Busst. "Anti-terror laws and the media after 9/11: Three models in Australia, NZ and the Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v12i2.859.

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This article reviews some of the main anti-terrorism laws in Australia and New Zealand and assesses their impact upon the media in the five years since the terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001. It also makes some observations about anti-terrorism laws in the Pacific Islands and recommends further research on this important topic. It identifies the main intrusions into press freedom emanating from such laws and finds quite different approaches with resultant impacts on media freedoms. Australia, while claiming to be a liberal democracy, has taken tough measures against terrorism at the expense of some press freedoms. New Zealand, with freedom of expression protected in its Bill of Rights, has implemented counter-terrorism measures without major limitations on media freedoms. Pacific Island nations, many troubled by internal strife, appear to have been slow to comply with even the very basic international protocols on counter-terrorism.

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Pamulatsih, Heni Yekti, and Anak Agung Banyu Perwita. "Bhayangkara and Platypus: The Cooperation between Indonesian National Police (Polri) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) in Dealing With Terrorism Threat in the Post of Lombok Treaty." Indonesian Perspective 5, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v5i2.33957.

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Terrorism has become the utmost concern of many countries in the world including Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia and Australia have signed a security agreement on 13 November 2006, which was known as Lombok Treaty to promote security relations between the two countries. This article aimed to discuss the security cooperation between Indonesia and Australia especially between Indonesian National Police and Australian Federal Police cooperation in addressing terrorism threat in Indonesia. By using descriptive qualitative method, this article scrutinizes the implementation of security cooperation especially cooperation between Indonesian National Police (POLRI) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) during 2012-2017. It was found that the type and the nature of cooperation between the two police institution could be divided into several dimension. It covered to further build cybercrime investigation satellite office (CCISO), increase personnel capacity building, and promote intelligence exchange to address terrorism threat.

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10

Veit, Raphael. "Australia and Counter-Terrorism." AQ: Australian Quarterly 77, no. 5 (2005): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20638364.

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Strang, Kenneth David, and Serafina Alamieyeseigha. "What and Where are the Risks of International Terrorist Attacks." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2015010101.

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There seems to be a great deal of attention in the media given to global terrorism but the authors do not know what and where the actual risks are. Western countries such as Australia, UK, and USA have invested a great amount of financial resources to combat global terrorism yet there is a concern the investments outweigh the risk. Furthermore, there are some people who question the reality of global terrorism. To explore these issues, this study analyzes the global terrorism empirical evidence from 1970 to 2013 (2014 was still in progress). The goal was to describe the global terrorist behavior factors and patterns from a socio-economical perspective, to identify who the terrorist groups are, what they do, and where they attack. Interesting descriptive statistics and insights were provided to help practitioners understand how global terrorism impacts us and to motive more empirical into this important topic.

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De Arimatéia da Cruz, José. "Matteo Vergani: How is Terrorism Changing Us? Threat Perception and Political Attitudes in the Age of Terror." Czech Journal of International Relations 54, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1607.

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This book examines how the perception of terrorism threat erodes civil liberties, sows doubt about the loyalties of immigrants, and heightens the left-right ideological divide. The book presents original analysis of survey data and experiments conducted in Australia, Europe and the United States.Research in the book posits questions that others have largely avoided: How does the threat of terrorist violence undermine multicultural democracies? What are the psychological and social mechanisms that explain how the threat of terrorism can change political attitudes? What is the relationship between terrorism and death threats? What is the role of media in shaping the perception of terrorism threat? And what are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? This book will help readers distinguish between groundless speculation and solid scientific knowledge of the topic. Moreover, it provides concrete recommendations on how to prevent the most negative consequences of the polarization of political attitudes, such as social divisions, exclusivism and conflict. Given the broad geographical scope of the research presented in the book, specifically North America, Europe and Australia, this book will appeal to broad scope of readers.

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Fredayani, Ervina, Jordan Aria Adibrata, and Naufal Fikhri Khairi. "Alasan Pembentukan Kerja Sama ASEAN-Australia dalam Menghadapi Isu Terorisme." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 6, no. 2 (November 24, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2019.6.2.1502.

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Abstrak Saat ini isu terorisme di Kawasan Asia Tenggara menjadi hal yang cukup penting untuk diperbincangkan, kawasan ini menjadi wilayah yang berpotensi besar akan hadirnya tindak kekerasan terorisme. Kehadiran kelompok islam radikal di Asia Tenggara menjadi faktor utama maraknya ancaman teror yang belakangan ini dirasa cukup meresahkan dan menimbulkan ketakutan terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Adanya hal ini kemudian membuat negara – negara di Kawasan Asia Tenggara bersepakat untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran aksi terorisme dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan Australia. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dilakukan oleh ASEAN dengan Australia dalam menghadapi ancaman terorisme, khususnya di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Penggunaan Konsep Kerja Sama Keamanan Internasional dan Konsep Motivasi Kerja Sama Internasional sebagai alat dalam menjelaskan fenomena yang dikaji. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data, telaah pustaka, buku, artikel, jurnal, dan dokumen – dokumen lainnya untuk dapat menganalisa permasalahan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia, meliputi menjaga keamanan nasional dan perdamaian kawasan dari adanya aksi-aksi teror yang melibatkan organisasi-organisasi terorisme. Walaupun masih belum mencapai hasil yang diinginkan, kerja sama yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia ini diharapkan dapat semakin meningkatkan keamanan regional dari kedua belah pihak. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Australia, Kerja Sama Terorisme Abstract At this time the problem of terrorism in the Southeast Asian Region is quite important to discuss, this region is a region with great potential for the presence of acts of terrorism. The presence of radical Islamic groups in Southeast Asia has become a major factor in the emergence of terror threats, which lately is considered quite disturbing and frightening to surrounding communities. This existence then made the countries in the Southeast Asia Region agree to anticipate the spread of terrorist acts by establishing cooperation with Australia. This study aims to determine the reasons for security cooperation undertaken by ASEAN and Australia in dealing with the threat of terrorism, particularly in the Southeast Asian Region. The use of the Concept of International Security Cooperation and the Concept of Motivation for International Cooperation as tools in explaining the phenomenon under study. In this study the authors used qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, literature reviews, books, articles, journals, and other documents to be able to analyze the problem. The results of this study reveal several reasons for the security cooperation established by ASEAN and Australia, including national security and regional peace from acts of terror involving terrorist organizations. Although it has not yet achieved the desired results, the cooperation carried out by ASEAN and Australia is expected to increase regional security from both parties. Keyword: ASEAN, Australia, Terrorism Cooperatio

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Cherney, Adrian, and Kristina Murphy. "Being a ‘suspect community’ in a post 9/11 world – The impact of the war on terror on Muslim communities in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 49, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815585392.

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The suspect community thesis has been used to explain how and why Muslims have become a stigmatised minority, subject to increased state surveillance and public discourse that constructs Muslims as a potential terrorist threat. Breen-Smyth (2014) argues that a suspect community is generated through national or state security policies and reproduced and reinforced by societal responses and social practices. This influences how Muslims perceive themselves as a suspect community and influences their support for counter-terrorism efforts. This paper will explore the ‘experiential consequences’ of Muslims being stigmatised and labelled as a suspect community and the perceptions this has generated among Muslims living in Australia. We examine how Muslims have reacted to being defined as a terrorist threat and the coping mechanisms they adopt to defend their religious beliefs given Islam is seen by authorities, the media and the public as justifying violence. This paper will explore these issues by reporting results from focus group data collected from Muslims living in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne ( N = 104 participants in total). Results illustrate how being defined as a suspect community influences the appraisals Muslims have of themselves, their faith, their community and Australian authorities. Implications for counter-terrorism policies are also identified.

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Mullins, Sam. "Counter-terrorism in Australia: practitioner perspectives." Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2016.1161228.

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Poynting, Scott. "‘Islamophobia Kills’. But Where Does it Come From?" International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i2.1258.

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This paper examines the global provenance of Australian Islamophobia in the light of the Christchurch massacre perpetrated by a white-supremacist Australian. Anti-Muslim racism in Australia came with British imperialism in the nineteenth century. Contemporary Islamophobia in Australia operates as part of a successor empire, the United States-led ‘Empire of Capital’. Anti-Muslim stories, rumours, campaigns and prejudices are launched from Australia into global circulation. For example, the spate of group sexual assaults in Sydney over 2000–2001 were internationally reported as ‘ethnic gang rapes’. The handful of Australian recruits to, and supporters of, IS, is recounted in the dominant narrative as part of a story propagated in both the United Kingdom and Australia about Islamist terrorism, along with policy responses ostensibly aimed at countering violent extremism and targeting Muslims for surveillance and intervening to effect approved forms of ‘integration’.

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Moulds, Sarah. "Parliamentary Rights Scrutiny and Counter-Terrorism Lawmaking in Australia." Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 3, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v3i2.13461.

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This paper evaluates the impact of pre and post-enactment scrutiny of Australia’s counter-terrorism laws enacted from 2001 until 2018. Parliamentary scrutiny of rights-engaging laws is particularly critical in the Australian content, as Australia relies on a parliamentary model of rights protection at the federal level. The evaluation framework employed in this Paper considers a range of evidence to provide a holistic account of the impact of legislative scrutiny on the content, development and implementation of Australia’s counter-terrorism laws. This includes consideration of the legislative impact of scrutiny on the content of the law, the role scrutiny plays in the public and parliamentary debate on the law, as well as the hidden impact scrutiny, may be having on policy development and legislative drafting. The results are surprising. This study finds that parliamentary rights scrutiny, particularly by parliamentary committees, has had a rights-enhancing (although rarely rights-remedying) impact on the counter-terrorism laws. Further, this research finds that the hidden or behind-the-scenes impact of parliamentary scrutiny provides a particularly fertile ground for improving the rights-protecting capacity of the Australian legislative scrutiny system. These findings and the evaluation framework employed in this Paper have application and benefits for other jurisdictions seeking to understand and improve the quality of their legislative scrutiny regimes.

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Chubb, Danielle. "Perceptions of terrorism in Australia: 1978–2019." Australian Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2020.1744515.

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Ali, Saira, and Umi Khattab. "Trans-mediatized terrorism: The Sydney Lindt Café siege." Global Media and Communication 14, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766518811367.

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This article presents an empirical analysis of the Australian media representation of terrorism using the 2014 Sydney Lindt Café siege as a case in point to engage with the notion of moral panic. Deploying critical discourse analysis and case study as mixed methods, insights into trans-media narratives and aftermath of the terrifying siege are presented. While news media appeared to collaborate with the Australian right-wing government in the reporting of terrorism, social media posed challenges and raised security concerns for the state. Social media heightened the drama as sites were variously deployed by the perpetrator, activists and concerned members of the public. The amplified trans-media association of Muslims with terrorism in Australia and its national and global impact, in terms of the political exclusion of Muslims, are best described in this article in the form of an Islamophobic Moral Panic Model, invented for a rethink of the various stages of its occurrence, intensification and institutionalization.

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Kang, JungIl, and Yooshin Im. "Why Does Australia Perceive China as a THREAT?: A Constructivist Point of View." J-Institute 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/terrorism.2021.6.2.01.

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Asquith, Nicole. "in terrorem." Journal of Sociology 40, no. 4 (December 2004): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783304048383.

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While terrorism has become a major topic of discussion and analysis in the academy and in the policy making of Australian institutions, it rarely affects the everyday life of Australian citizens. Yet for some groups, in terroremis a way of life - particularly for those whose lives are performed under social and political spotlights. At the core of the limitations imposed on certain groups in Australia is the use of language to police the behaviours of these groups, and to create a social environment that makes hiding one’s identity the most effective mechanism to avoid terror. In this article, I analyse the linguistic themes and forms used in hate violence as a way to illustrate the impact of in terrorem on gay men, lesbians and Jews, and suggest alternative means by which to regulate the harm caused by vilification.

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Tulich, Tamara. "Prevention and Pre-emption in Australia’s Domestic Anti-terrorism Legislation." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 1, no. 1 (November 5, 2012): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v1i1.68.

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The move towards prevention in domestic anti-terror law and policy was initially justified as an exceptional response to the exceptional threat of transnational terrorism following September 11, 2001. However, commonalities are discernable between prevention in anti-terror law and prevention as employed in other areas of Australian law. To begin contextualising and analysing preventive practices in Australia, a framework is required. ‘The preventive state’ provides one way to view the collection of preventive measures employed in Australia. Engaging a governmentality perspective has the potential to make visible prevention and pre-emption in law and governance, and to inform critical treatment of the preventive state itself. Whether and how prevention and pre-emption in anti-terror law differ from and exhibit continuities with other preventive measures has the potential to expose issues of selectivity and proportionality between preventive measures and force consideration of the limits of state action to prevent or pre-empt harm.

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Bachmann, Sascha-Dominik, and Matthew Burt. "Control Orders Post 9-11 and Human Rights in the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada: A Kafkaesque Dilemma?" Deakin Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no2art122.

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This article aims to assess the impact that the European Convention of Human Rights, incorporated into British law through the Human Rights Act 1998, has had on the control order regime in the United Kingdom. It will discuss recent British jurisprudence on the topical question of whether there can be a true balance between the civil liberties of an individual and the need to protect state and society from a continuing terrorist threat. The article compares the UK’s present control order system of summer 2010 with similar legislation, which the Commonwealth jurisdictions of Australia and Canada have enacted to protect their nations from the threat of terrorism. It will conclude with a discussion of possible reforms as well as other security measures which have been identified as alternatives to control orders and which form the basis of present UK governmental initiatives to limit the scope and impact of anti terrorism legislation.

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Kimmel, Laurence, Mike Barnard, and Aysu Kuru. "“Open to the public”." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-08-2019-0189.

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PurposeThe cultural imperative for public buildings in countries like Australia to maintain their intrinsic “openness” – physically and symbolically – faces particular challenges in the context of current global terrorism concerns. Building regulations and counter-terrorism guidelines coexist uneasily, with implications for both public amenity and safety. This is particularly evident in the context of current approaches to hostile vehicle (HV) mitigation.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of comparative literature, this multidisciplinary project assimilates design aesthetics and security expertise to assess the advantages and limitations of current counter-terrorism design approaches in Australia, the UK and the USA. The research focusses on public buildings of high cultural symbolic value (e.g. concert halls) in the context of HV mitigation.FindingsTwo key recommendations emerge. The first presents the benefits of adopting a layered security strategy tailored to a building's security and symbolic profile mix. The second proposes enhancements to the existing counter-terrorism guidelines based on a model that accounts for both symbolic value and openness.Originality/valueThe research presents new strategies for urban design and security stakeholders to balance openness and security in the design of publicly accessible buildings. While existing research addresses the challenges of terrorism in the design of public space, a literature (and practice) gap exists in Australia, the UK and the USA regarding current approaches to the design of public buildings. Using Australia as a case study, the findings will inform government and industry practitioners seeking more complementary approaches to public amenity and safety in comparable counter-security design contexts globally.

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Ali, Saira, and Umi Khattab. "East–west trans-mediatisation of terrorism and Islamophobia: Sydney siege and Peshawar massacre." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 8 (May 16, 2017): 722–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517707389.

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This article interrogates the notions of terrorism and Islamophobia in two cultural sites. Deploying case study, the article examines the 15 December 2014 Lindt Café siege in Australia and the 16 December 2014 Army Public School massacre in Pakistan. These sites were selected for comparative analysis due to their concurrence and as concerns surrounding terrorism have been mostly West-centric. Findings show that despite socio-political differences, terror attacks in both states ignited activist movements such as ‘Reclaim Pakistan’ and ‘Reclaim Australia’, with both aiming to eradicate extremism. However, while the former focused on the need to reclaim the country from militants, the latter engaged in hate narratives about Islam and Muslims. Islamophobia was identified in Australia, with Taliban-phobia and rejection of Islamo-fascism in Pakistan, as Pakistanis negotiated their identities in a pluralistic Muslim world. The article suggests the need for both local and global processes that are culturally appropriate to mitigate terrorism.

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Awofeso, Niyi. "Non-State terrorism: public health implications in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00430.x.

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Kabir, Nahid. "Muslims in Australia: The Double Edge of Terrorism." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33, no. 8 (October 2007): 1277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830701614072.

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Campion, Kristy. "“Unstructured terrorism”? Assessing left wing extremism in Australia." Critical Studies on Terrorism 13, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 545–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2020.1810992.

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Giotis, Chrisanthi. "Dismantling the Deadlock: Australian Muslim Women’s Fightback against the Rise of Right-Wing Media." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020071.

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In Australia, as in other multicultural countries, the global Islamophobic discourse linking Muslims to terrorists to refugees results in the belief of an “enemy within”, which fractures the public sphere. Muslim minorities learn to distrust mainstream media as the global discourse manifests in localised right-wing discussion. This fracturing was further compounded in 2020 with increased media concentration and polarisation. In response, 12 young Australian Muslim women opened themselves up to four journalists working for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). They engaged in critical journalism research called Frame Reflection Interviews (FRIs). The process gave journalists important knowledge around the power dynamics of Islamophobia and empowered participants to help shape new media discourses tackling Islamophobia. This paper proposes that the FRIs are one method to rebuild trust in journalism while redistributing risk towards the journalists. These steps are necessary to build a normatively cosmopolitan global public sphere capable of breaking the discursive link between refugees and terrorism and fighting back against the rise of the far right.

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Harrington, Stephen. "REVIEW: Help at hand to navigate legal minefields." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i2.229.

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Over recent years in Australia we have seen a number of big stories emerge which highlight the difficult legal positions in which journalists too often find themselves. One of the biggest was Gina Rinehart’s attempts in Western Australia to have journalists reveal their sources for stories which were published regarding the legal battles she had been fighting against her own children. Another involved the 2009 counter-terrorism operations in Victoria that were apparently reported, somewhat controversially, on the front page of The Australian several hours before they had occurred. While, a third case was what Australian Twitter users dubbed the #TwitDef saga, where The Australian’s editor-in-chief Chris Mitchell claimed that he had been defamed by Australian journalism academic Julie Posetti, who had simply tweeted what a former News Corp journalist had said publically during the 2010 JEAA conference.

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McQuilten, Grace. "Who is afraid of public space? Public art in a contested, secured and surveilled city." Art & the Public Sphere 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00023_1.

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In the wake of multiple global crises, fears of terrorism, rising nationalistic sentiments globally and the pervasive impacts of gender-based violence in public spaces, contemporary urban cities are permeated with surveillance, anxiety, fear and division. In this context, what role can (and should) public art be playing? This article explores this question in the context of Melbourne, a major metropolitan centre in Australia, which has been ruptured by the multiplying effects of highly publicized episodes of street violence, isolated terrorist attacks, high-profile murders and politically driven narratives about youth gangs. Looking at the work of female artists Maryann Talia Pau, Amy Spiers and Catherine Ryan, and artists from African Australian communities including Ez Deng, Atong Atem and Asia Hassan, the article addresses questions about agency and marginalization for artists working in public space, and considers how marginalized community groups may face barriers to creating artworks that engage directly in mainstream public spaces.

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Tayler, Letta. "Foreign Terrorist Fighter Laws: Human Rights Rollbacks Under un Security Council Resolution 2178." International Community Law Review 18, no. 5 (December 8, 2016): 455–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341342.

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Since 2013, at least 47 countries from Australia to Uzbekistan have enacted laws and regulations to stop their citizens from joining extremist armed groups such as the Islamic State. A majority of these “foreign terrorist fighter” measures were enacted to comply with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2178 of September 2014. In a grave omission, Resolution 2178 does not limit the actions that governments may designate as “terrorism” or “terrorist”, leaving them free to craft dangerously open-ended definitions. At risk are non-violent protesters, journalists, political opponents, civil society members, and ethnic or religious groups, particularly Muslims. The “foreign terrorist fighter” measures that could target them include warrantless searches, prolonged detention without charge, travel bans, loss of dual citizenship, convictions in sham trials, and harsh punishments including death. Collectively, these measures erode international human rights and rule of law.

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Johnston, Jane, and Mark Pearson. "Australia’s media climate: Time to renegotiate control." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.945.

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In 2007, Australia was rated by two international media bodies as well down the chain in media freedom. Within its own borders, internal media groups—in particular the Australian Press Council and the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, as well as a consortium of major employer groups—have recently released reports investigating the position of media freedoms. This atricle examines a select few of these shrinking freedoms which range from the passive restrcitions on access to documents to the overt threat of imprisonment for publishing sensitive material. In particular, it considers laws relating to freedom of information, camera access to courts, shield laws and whistleblower protection and finally revamped anti-terrorism laws. The article maps the landscape of Australia's downgraded press fredom and suggests that laws controlling media reportage need to be renegotiated.

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Carver, Ashley. "Parliamentary Attempts to Define Terrorism in Canada and Australia." Journal of Applied Security Research 11, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2016.1137173.

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Pickering, Sharon, and Jude McCulloch. "The Haneef case and counter-terrorism policing in Australia." Policing and Society 20, no. 1 (February 13, 2010): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460903377311.

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Weil, Patrick, and Nicholas Handler. "Revocation of Citizenship and Rule of Law: How Judicial Review Defeated Britain's First Denaturalization Regime." Law and History Review 36, no. 2 (May 2018): 295–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000019.

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Over the past decade, the United Kingdom has deprived an increasing number of British subjects of their citizenship. This policy, known as “denaturalization,” has been applied with particular harshness in cases where foreign-born subjects have been accused of terrorist activity. The increase is part of a global trend. In recent years, Canada, Australia, France, and the Netherlands have either debated or enacted denaturalization statutes. But Britain remains an outlier among Western democracies. Since 2006, the United Kingdom home secretary has revoked the citizenship of at least 373 Britons, of whom at least 53 have had alleged links to terrorism. This is more than the total number of revocations by Canada, France, Australia, and Netherlands combined. These developments are troubling, as the right to be secure in one's citizenship has been a cornerstone of the postwar European liberal political order, and of the international community's commitment to human rights.

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Harris-Hogan, Shandon. "Countering Violent Extremism: Perspectives from the Australian Context." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 3, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2808.

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On November 25th, 2020, RADAR Solutions Director and Adjunct Fellow at Victoria University Shandon Harris-Hogan spoke on the topic of Countering Violent Extremism: Perspectives from the Australian Context at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of discussion focused on terrorism in Australia and Canada before and after ISIS spokesperson Muhammad al-Adnani delivered a speech in September 2014, and its implications for countering violent extremism (CVE).

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Ansari, Rahmat. "POLITIK SEKURITISASI KONTRA-TERORISME GLOBAL AUSTRALIA PASCA 9/11 HINGGA TERPILIHNYA KEMBALI PERDANA MENTERI HOWARD." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 3, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v3i2.1344.

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Abstact Prime Minister Howard as a dominant actor in Australia’s securitization process of counterterrorism post 9/11. The securitization then resulting activation of Article IV of ANZUS alliance treaty. This study utilizes securitization framework through speech act conducted by Prime Minister Howard. It argues that speech act carried out by Prime Minister Howard in some occasions by speech in Australian Embassy in The United States, at the cabinet meetings, and parliament hearings. As the result, the process of securitization obtained a legitimacy for extraordinary measures in form of military support on global terrorisme eradication campaign. This study using kualtitative methods with data limits since 9/11 and Prime Minister Howard reelection in 2001. Keywords: Securitization, Terrorism, ANZUS, Afghanistan Invasion. Abstrak Perdana Menteri Howard sebagai aktor dominan dalam proses sekuritisasi kontra-terorisme Australia pasca 9/11. Sekuritisasi tersebut kemudian menghasilkan aktifasi Pasal IV perjanjian aliansi ANZUS. Kajian ini menggunakan kerangka sekurtisasi melalui speech act yang dilakukan oleh Perdana Menteri Howard. Kajian ini berpendapat bahwa proses sekuritisasi melalui speech act yang dilakukan dalam beberapa kesempatan pidatonya di Kedutaan Australia di Amerika Serikat, pada rapat kabinet khusus dan pada debat bersama parlemen. Pada akhirnya berhasil memperoleh legitimasi untuk dilakukannya tindakan luar biasa atau extraordinary measures dalam bentuk dukungan militer pada invasi Afghanistan untuk pemberantasan jaringan terorisme global. Kajian dibahas menggunakan metode kualitatif yang membatasi data sejak 9/11 hingga terpilihnya kembali Perdana Menteri Howard pada pemilu 2001. Kata Kunci: Sekuritisasi, Terorisme, ANZUS, Invasi Afghanistan.

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Ayu Putu Mira Fajarini, I. Made Minggu Widyantara, and I. Nyoman Sutama. "Peran Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) dalam Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pendanaan Terorisme." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4408.104-109.

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The financing of terrorism is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. In this case, PPATK as the FIU in charge in Indonesia has a role and function to carry out countermeasures for terror financing in accordance with Law no. 8 of 2010 or other regulations. The purposes of this study are to reveal the efforts of the financial transaction reporting and analysis center (PPATK) in preventing and eradicating criminal acts of terrorism financing as well as the obligations of Bank Indonesia in efforts to prevent and eradicate money laundering and terrorism financing. This study uses a normative research method with a statutory approach. The sources of law used are primary and secondary with the technique of collecting legal materials, which is carried out in the library and the data that has been collected is then used qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study reveal that in an effort to prevent and eradicate criminal acts of terrorism financing, in general PPATK has two efforts, namely juridical and non-juridical. Juridical efforts are efforts to detect money laundering crimes, provide punishment for terrorist actors, implement a follow the money approach, and confirm blocking actions against funds operated. Meanwhile, non-juridical efforts are efforts to release innovations in the form of SIPENDAR and agree to the signing of the MoU on cooperation between the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) by Indonesia and Australia. Bank Indonesia has an obligation to submit reports to PPATK in the form of Suspicious Financial Transaction Reports, Cash Financial Transaction Reports, and Financial Transaction Reports of funds that take place abroad.

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Caldicott, David GE, and Nicholas A. Edwards. "The global threat of terrorism and its impact on Australia." Emergency Medicine Australasia 14, no. 3 (September 2002): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00336.x.

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Mori, Alfredo. "Misericord Injuries: Ancient and Modern." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003364.

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Introduction:The Misericord, or stabbing pike, was a frequently used battlefield implement in medieval times. The misericord was used by battlefield clerics to relieve the suffering of irreparably wounded soldiers. Its cultural parallels include the Roman gladius, the Japanese wakazashi, and the eponymous Liston knife used in pre-Victorian era surgery in England.Methods:This demonstration will analyze modern misericord injuries in the light of the current epidemic of long knife (or zombie knife) attacks in London and the domestic terrorist threat in Australia.Discussion:A review of this weapon is pertinent to the projected low-technology, low-impact, and deep-penetrating wounds expected in urban terrorism in Australia and other cities globally. The talk will emphasize field discussion, demonstration, and disarming techniques against modern misericord-type weapons.

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Wooding, Sally, and Beverley Raphael. "Psychological Impact of Disasters and Terrorism on Children and Adolescents: Experiences from Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, no. 1 (March 2004): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001436.

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AbstractRecent acts of terrorism have emphasised the need for research to further establish not only the nature of the impact of disaster and terrorism on the population, but also further define methods of effective intervention. Those affected, and often overlooked, include children and adolescents, yet, our knowledge of the impact upon the younger members of our community limited. The literature is evolving, and there are a small number of valuable studies that can inform a response to the mental health needs of this younger population.This article reviews some of the psychological impacts of disaster and terrorism upon children and adolescents, and considers both risk and protective factors. The importance of a developmental approach to children's understanding of disaster, particularly death and the nature of grief and loss are discussed as is the distinction between the phenomenology of bereavement and trauma. Family and community support are highlighted as protective factors, and a number of recent, valuable recommendations for intervention including psychological first aid and cognitive-behavioral therapy are described. Finally, the complex role of the media and the degree that children should exposed to images of violence and disaster is considered. Disasters, whether they are natural or human-made always will be with us. It is necessary that a public-health approach that not only prepares for such scenarios, but responds by maximising the use of existing systems and agency linkages, taken.

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Scanlon, Zoe. "Punishing Proximity: Sentencing Preparatory Terrorism in Australia and the United Kingdom." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 25, no. 3 (March 2014): 763–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2014.12035997.

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Mcsherry, Bernadette. "The Introduction of Terrorism-Related Offences in Australia: Comfort or Concern?" Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 12, no. 2 (July 2005): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/pplt.12.2.279.

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Wilujeng, Nila Febri, Yoedhi Swastanto, and Thomas Gabriel Joostensz. "COUNTER-TERRORISM COOPERATION IN THE ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM (ARF) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIA DEFENSE DIPLOMACY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v7i2.728.

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<p>Terrorism is a threat that not only jeopardizes a country's security, but also the survival of ASEAN as a regional organization, the security of peace and stability, and the region's overall economic possibilities. This research aimed to examine the implementation of Counter-terrorism (CT) cooperation in the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) from the perspective of Indonesia's defense diplomacy. The research method used was the qualitative method which is based on the combination of interviews and literature review regarding ASEAN’s or ARF’s Counter-terrorism cooperation and Indonesia’s defense diplomacy from the year 2015-2019. The findings showed that CT cooperation is less discussed in the mechanism of the ARF since the current focus of ARF is on Trafficking in Person (TIP) and threats of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN). Meanwhile, from the perspective of defense diplomacy, Indonesia has successfully initiated ARF Statement on Preventing and Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism Conducive to Terrorism (VECT) with Australia and New Zealand in 2019. However, it is undeniable that CT cooperation through the ARF mechanism remains difficult to achieve due to several obstacles, including the differences of national interests and legal framework, the principle of non-interference, and the existence of mutual distrust between participating countries.</p>

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Mummery, Jane, and Debbie Rodan. "Becoming activist: the mediation of consumers in Animals Australia’s Make it Possible campaign." Media International Australia 172, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19853077.

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In 2008, the Australian Law Reform Commission journal, Reform, called out animal welfare as Australia’s ‘next great social justice movement’ in 2018; however, public mobilisation around animal welfare is still a contested issue in Australia. The question stands as to how to mobilise everyday mainstream consumers into supporting animal activism given that animal activism is presented in the public sphere as dampening the economic livelihood of Australia, with some animal activism described as ‘akin to terrorism’. The questions, then, are as follows: how to mobilise everyday mainstream consumers into supporting animal activist ideals? How to frame and communicate animal activist ideals so that they can come to inform and change the behaviour and self-understandings of mainstream consumers? This article is an investigation into the possible production and mobilisation of animal activists from mainstream consumers through the work of one digital campaign, Make it Possible. Delivered by the peak Australian animal advocacy organisation, Animals Australia, and explicitly targeting the lived experiences and conditions of animals in factory farming, Make it Possible reached nearly 12 million viewers across Australia and has directly impacted on the reported behaviour and self-understandings of over 291,000 Australians to date, as well as impacting policy decisions made by government and industry. More specifically, our interest is to engage a new materialist lens to draw out how this campaign operates to transform consumers into veg*ns (vegans/vegetarians), activists and ethical consumers who materially commit to and live revised beliefs regarding human–animal relations.

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Chau, Andrew. "Security Community and Southeast Asia: Australia, the U.S., and ASEAN's Counter-Terror Strategy." Asian Survey 48, no. 4 (July 2008): 626–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2008.48.4.626.

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Abstract This article evaluates the notion of an ASEAN Security Community. ASEAN's community building initiative is examined in the context of regional, sub-regional, and national policy strategies to address a shared regional threat of transnational terrorism. The article examines under which circumstances constructivist norms and institutions generate denser networks of cooperation.

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Hamin, Zaiton. "Recent changes to the AML/CFT law in Malaysia." Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-04-2015-0013.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine some of the recent changes to the old anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing law, which is now known as the Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001. The paper will highlight the newly consolidated money laundering offences and the newly created offences including structuring of transactions or “smurfing”. Also, the transgression of cross-border movement of cash and negotiable instruments and tipping off about a money laundering disclosure will be assessed. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a doctrinal legal research and secondary data, with the new AML/CFT legislation as the primary source. For comparative analysis, legislations in the UK, Australia and New Zealand are also examined. Secondary sources include case law, articles in academic journals, books and online databases. Findings The review of the AML/CFT law is timely and indicates the Malaysian government’s efforts to adhere to international standards set by the financial action task force. However, it is imperative that the Malaysian government addresses the remaining instrumental and normative deficiencies in the AML/CFT law to ensure that the recent legal changes are sufficiently comprehensive to prevent and regulate money laundering and terrorist financing within Malaysia. Originality/value This paper is a useful source of information for legal practitioners, academicians, law enforcement, policymakers, legislators, researchers and students.

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Finnane, Mark. "The Munich Olympics Massacre and the Development of Counter-Terrorism in Australia." Intelligence and National Security 30, no. 6 (April 30, 2014): 817–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.882680.

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Dunn, Kevin Mark, Rosalie Atie, Michael Kennedy, Jan A. Ali, John O’Reilly, and Lindsay Rogerson. "Can you use community policing for counter terrorism? Evidence from NSW, Australia." Police Practice and Research 17, no. 3 (March 12, 2015): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1015126.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrorism Australia'

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