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1
Godbold, Kim Elizabeth. "Didiman: Australian agricultural extension officers in the territory of Papua and New Guinea, 1945-1975." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37665/1/Kim_Godbold_Thesis.pdf.
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Historically, the development philosophy for the two Territories of Papua and New Guinea (known as TPNG, formerly two territories, Papua and New Guinea) was equated with economic development, with a focus on agricultural development. To achieve the modification or complete change in indigenous farming systems the Australian Government’s Department of External Territories adopted and utilised a programme based on agricultural extension.
Prior to World War II, under Australian administration, the economic development of these two territories, as in many colonies of the time, was based on the institution of the plantation. Little was initiated in agriculture development for indigenous people. This changed after World War II to a rationale based on the promotion and advancement of primary industry, but also came to include indigenous farmers.
To develop agriculture within a colony it was thought that a modification to, or in some cases the complete transformation of, existing farming systems was necessary to improve the material welfare of the population. It was also seen to be a guarantee for the future national interest of the sovereign state after independence was granted. The Didiman and Didimisis became the frontline, field operatives of this theoretical model of development.
This thesis examines the Didiman’s field operations, the structural organisation of agricultural administration and the application of policy in the two territories.
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Svärd, Erik. "Grammatical gender in New Guinea." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119839.
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The present study investigates the gender systems of 20 languages in the New Guinea region, an often overlooked area in typological research. The languages were classified with five criteria used by Di Garbo (2014) to classify gender systems of African languages. The results showed that the gender systems were diverse, although around half of the languages have two-gendered sex-based systems with semantic assignment, more than four gender-indexing targets, and no gender marking on nouns. The gender systems of New Guinea are remarkably representative of the world, although formal assignment is much less common. However, the gender systems of New Guinea and Africa are very different. The most significant difference isthe prevalence of non-sex-based gender systems and gender marking on nouns in Africa, whereas the opposite is true in New Guinea. However, gender in Africa is also less diverse largely due to the numerous Bantu languages. Finally, four typologically rare characteristics were found in the sample: (1) size and shape as important criteria of gender assignment, with large/long being masculine and small/short feminine, (2) the presence of two separate nominal classification systems, (3) no gender distinctions in pronouns, and (4) verbs as the most common indexing target.Denna studie undersöker genussystemen hos 20 språk i Nya Guinea-regionen, vilken ofta förbises i typologisk forskning. Språken klassificerades utifrån fem kriterier som användes av Di Garbo (2014) för att klassificera genussystem i Afrika. Resultaten visade att genussystemen var varierade, men ungefär hälften av språken har könsbaserade genussystem med tvaå genus, semantisk genustilldelning, fler än fyra genusindex och ingen genusmarkering på substantiv. Genussystemen är anmärkningsvärt representativa för världen, men formell genustilldelning är mycket mindre vanlig. Jämfört med genussystemen i Afrika är dock Nya Guinea väldigt annorlunda. Den viktigaste skillnaden är den större utbredningen av icke-könsbaserade genussystem och genusmarkering på substantiv i Afrika, medan motsatsen gäller i Nya Guinea. Genus i Afrika är dock till stor del mindre varierat på grund av de talrika bantuspråken. Slutligen hittades fyra typologiskt sällsynta karaktärsdrag i urvalet: (1) storlek och form som viktiga kriterier för genustilldelning, där stort/långt är maskulint och litet/kort feminint, (2) närvaron av två separata nominalklassificeringssystem, (3) inga genusdistinktioner i pronomen och (4) verb som det vanligaste genusindexet.
3
de, Sousa Hilário. "The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1341.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.
4
Koloa, Mura, and n/a. "National development planning in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Management, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.124347.
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Lomas, G. C. J. (Gabriel Charles Jacques). "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of English and Linguistics, 1989.Bibliography: leaves 385-393.
Introduction -- Traditional Huli society -- Segmental phonology -- Prosodies -- Verbs -- Adverbials -- NominaIs -- Word complexes -- Group complexes -- Semantic patterns -- Linguistic and social change -- Texts.
This thesis describes the language of the Huli speech community of the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The first chapter situates the speech community in its historical setting, and refers to previous, mainly non-linguistic, studies. The second chapter situates the commuity in its geographical and 'traditional' setting, recording putative migrations and dialectal variations. The third chapter describes segmental phonology at a level of detail not previously given in accounts of the language, while the fourth chapter presents a tentative exploration of prosodic features. The fifth chapter describes verbs, the sixth adverbials, and the seventh nominals: in each instance there is an emphasis on morphology and morphophonemic processes hitherto unrecorded for Huli. The eighth chapter describes word complexes, and the ninth group complexes, using a systemic-functional approach that establishes a descriptive framework that indicates useful insights into the pragmatics of the language. Chapter ten selects and explores, in varying degrees, semantic features that are typologically interesting, while chapter eleven re-focusses the thesis on sociolinguistic issues. The twelveth chapter presents a dozen texts, which it interprets and comments on in the light of linguistic and sociological descriptions presented previously. The appendices that follow give the data bases for some of the descriptions given in the thesis body. The body of the thesis is concerned with describing the language as it is being created and used by living, real, people. Hence, the language forms at each level are described and interpreted in relation to their functions in creating meaning. This has necessitated presenting in some detail phonological and morphological data that need to be described if the language is to be seen as the growing, changing expression of the living society that uses and creates it.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xviii, 452 leaves, ill
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Barnish, G. "Studies on Strongloides in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383456.
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Kopel, Elizabeth. "Problems of housing in Papau New Guinea." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250617.
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Abers, Geoffrey Alexander. "Active tectonics and seismicity of New Guinea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51475.
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Lomas, G. C. J. "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Watson, Amanda H. A. "The mobile phone : the new communication drum of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47170/1/Amanda_Watson_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the role of mobile telephony in rural communities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is a threshold study which reports on research conducted in the earliest stages of mobile phone adoption in these areas. It explores the ways in which this new technology changes people’s lives, social structures and relationships. The research focuses on non-urban communities, which previously had little or no access to modern communication technologies, but which are in some cases still using traditional forms of communication such as drums. It has found that the introduction of mobile telecommunications has generally been viewed positively, although several negative concerns have been strongly felt. Specific benefits related to enhanced communication with relatives and friends living away from home villages, and use of the technology in time-critical emergencies or crises. Difficulties have arisen with respect to the cost of owning and operating a handset, as well as financial and logistical challenges when recharging handset batteries, particularly in areas with no mains electricity supply. Perceived damaging effects of mobile phone access related to sex, crime and pornography.
The changes taking place are described through a social lens, by foregrounding the perceptions of villagers. The perspectives of key informants, such as telecommunication company managers, are also discussed. Employing the technique of triangulation (using different methods and sources) has helped to validate the findings of the research project. The sources constantly overlap and agree on the main themes, such as those outlined above.
PNG is a developing country which performs poorly on a wide range of development indicators. A large majority of the people live outside of the major towns and cities. It is therefore worthwhile investigating the introduction of mobile phone technology in rural areas. These areas often have poor access to services, including transport, health, education and banking. Until 2007, communities in such regions fell outside of mobile phone coverage areas. In the case of all ten villages discussed in this thesis, there has never been any landline telephone infrastructure available. Therefore, this research on mobile phones is in effect documenting the first ever access to any kind of phone in these communities.
This research makes a unique contribution to knowledge about the role of communication in PNG, and has implications for policy, practice and theory. In the policy arena, the thesis aids understanding of the impact which communication sector competition and regulation can have on rural and relatively isolated communities. There are three practical problems which have emerged from the research: cost, battery recharging difficulties and breakage are all major obstacles to uptake and use of mobile telephony in rural communities. Efforts to reduce usage costs, enable easier recharging, and design more robust handsets would allow for increased utilisation of mobile phones for a range of purposes. With respect to the realm of theory, this research sits amongst the most recent scholarship in the mobile phone field, located within the broader communication theory area. It recommends cautionary reading of any literature which suggests that mobile phones will reduce poverty and increase incomes in poor, rural communities in developing countries. Nonetheless, the present research adds weight to mobile phone studies which suggest that the primary advantages of mobile phones in such settings are for the satisfactions of communication of itself, and for social interaction among loved ones.
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Cullen, Andrew Blinn. "The North New Guinea Basin, Papua New Guinea : a case study of basin evolution at a modern accretionary plate boundary /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1990.
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Wittwer, Glyn. "Price stabilisation of coffee in Papua New Guinea /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecw832.pdf.
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Parsons, Michael Jonathan. "The autecology and biogeography of New Guinea butterflies." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243801.
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Bun, Krufinta. "MONITORING WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI ELIMINATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560346194908835.
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Okenve, Martinez Enrique Sang. "Equatorial Guinea, 1927-1979 : a new African tradition." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29238/.
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This work focuses on the history of the Fang people of Equatorial Guinea between 1927 and 1979 in an effort to shed some light on the so-called process of retraditionalization that African societies have been undergoing for the last three decades. Contrary to those views that expected that independence would consolidate the process of modernization initiated by colonialism, many African countries, including Equatorial Guinea, have seen how traditional structures have gained ground ever since. This process is often explained as a result of the so-called crisis of modernity. It is argued that, due to the instability provoked by rapid modernization and the failure of modem structures, Africans are recovering their old ways in search for solutions. This explanation, however, stands against those views that considered that colonial conquest put an end to African traditional systems. This thesis argues that, although traditions are certainly back, this is, in fact, a new phenomenon, which started with the advent of colonial conquest. This work shows how colonial structures and the changes that followed resulted in the collapse of the traditional social model. In response to such situation, a new socio-cultural tradition, rooted in the old one, took form - being the development of modem Fang identity its most salient element. Research specifically focuses on transformations in authority, religious beliefs and identity, as well as their relationship. Much emphasis is put on the historicity of the process, covering three main historical stages such as the second half of the nineteenth century, the period of colonial conquest and domination between the 1910s and 1968, and the aftermath of independence between 1968 and 1979. This work does not only examine a peculiar colonial model, the Spanish, on which very little has been written, but also an African society that the English language literature has largely ignored. In so doing, research has relied on both oral sources and documents. Interviews were conducted in Equatorial Guinea. Archival sources were examined both in Alacala de Henares (Madrid), where Spain's public records are based, and Rome, where part of the documents of the Claretian missionary order can be found.
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Stewart, Lynn Leslie. "Our people are like gardens" : music, performance and aesthetics among the Lolo, West New Britain Province, Papua, New Guinea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30917.
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Relationships among the Aesthetic, culture, and music are problematic- Frequently considered as epiphenomenal to culture, music and the arts are typically seen as adjuncts to ceremonial activity- This dissertation examines the nature of the Aesthetic, music and performance in the context of the Lolo, Araigilpua Village, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to develop a definition of the Aesthetic applicable for cross-cultural research and to discover the ways in which the Aesthetic and culture articulate.
For the purposes of this dissertation, the Aesthetic is defined as that facet of religion focused on responses to extraordinary powers thought to maintain what are considered to be proper relationships between human members of a community and extraordinary powers. Three forms of aesthetics, social, performance, and musical, are taken as the means and methods of directing interactions between man and extraordinary powers.
At present, the Lolo are engaged in a process of secularisation resulting primarily from the introduction of Christianity, Western medicine and money. This dissertation examines the relationship between the Aesthetic and social life, and addresses the impact of changes to the Aesthetic.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Veldhuis, Djuke. "Human adaptability : behavioural and endocrinological adaptation in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608534.
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Manchanda, Rohit. "New insights into sympathetic transmission." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238131.
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Harper, Jodi Leigh. "Rascals, resistance, and ethnographic reticence in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30795.pdf.
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Carneiro, Iiona Anne-Marie. "Non-severe malarial disease in Madang, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360153.
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Whittaker, Keith Duncan. "Micro and mini hydro-power in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14664.
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Flannery, Wendy. "Contextual theology in Papua New Guinea a mythic paradigm /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Usman, Asnani. "Border tensions in the Indonesia/Papua New Guinea relationship." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111183.
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The relationship between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea has been significantly
affected by problems associated with the border between them. This has not been a
dispute about the boundary itself. There is a line on the map which the two countries
have agreed to accept Rather, the border problem which has arisen between the two
countries concerns an independence movement called the ‘Organisasi Papua Merdeka’
(Free Papua Movement - OPM) which since 1963 has been active against Indonesia and
has repeatedly crossed the border to seek refuge in neighbouring Papua New Guinea;
incursions in Papua New Guinea by the Indonesian military in pursuit of the OPM; and
thousands of Irian Jayan refugees who have crossed the border to seek sanctuary in
Papua New Guinea. Since Papua New Guinea’s independence in 1975 the border problem has intensified,
especially in 1984 when an uprising in Jayapura resulted in an influx of 12,(XX) refugees
into Papua New Guinea territory. This heightened security concerns in the two
countries. For Jakarta, the refugees could become bases for the OPM to threaten
Indonesia’s security; for Papua New Guinea on the other hand, there were concerns
about possible Indonesian border incursions in an attempt to destroy the OPM.
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Nordhagen, Stella. "Cultivating change : crop choices and climate in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709283.
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Wallius, Julia. "New concept for monitoring SO2 emissions from Tavurvur volcano in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337344.
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Jurca, Titel. "Charting New Territory in Bis(imino)pyridine Coordination Chemistry." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23089.
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This work was initially launched to study the synthesis of low-valent group 13 compounds bearing the bis(imino)pyridine ligand framework. Since its inception, this project has grown beyond the boundaries of group 13 to include low valent tin, silver, and rhenium. Alongside the reports of novel coordination compounds, we utilized computational chemistry to uncover unprecedented interactions which challenge conventional concepts of bonding. Synthesis, characterization, and complimentary computational studies are presented herein.
Chapter 1 presents a historical overview of the bis(imino)pyridine ligand as well as our synthetic methodology and characterization of new ligand variants we have contributed to the literature.
Chapter 2 presents the synthesis of a series of In(I) and In(III) bis(imino)pyridine complexes with varied sterics. Ligand-metal interaction and effect of ligand steric bulk on complex stability, as well as computational studies highlighting weak covalent interactions will be discussed.
Chapter 3 presents the synthesis of Ga(III) bis(imino)pyridine complexes. Reactivity with “GaI” synthon as well as varied-stoichiometry one-pot synthesis attempts to generate low valent Ga-bis(imino)pyridine complexes will be discussed.
Chapter 4 presents the synthesis of a series of Tl(I) bis(imino)pyridine complexes with varied sterics analogous to the approach taken with indium(I). Unprecedented weak ligand-metal as well as Tl-arene interactions will be discussed.
Chapter 5 presents the synthesis of a series of Sn(II) bis(imino)pyridine complexes with varied sterics and halide substituents. Preferential cation-anion pair formation and attempted reactivity will be discussed.
Chapter 6 presents the synthesis of a series of Ag(I) bis(imino)pyridine complexes with varied sterics. Resulting ligand-metal interactions as well as reactivity towards Lewis basic donor ligands will be discussed.
Chapter 7 presents the synthesis of first crystallographically authenticated examples of rhenium(I) pincer complexes utilizing the bis(imino)pyridine ligand.
Chapter 8 presents a general conclusion to the work.
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Volken, Maria Carmen. "Biological and phytochemical investigations of Euphorbiaceae from Papua New Guinea /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13294.
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Flavelle, Alix J. "A traditional agroforestry landscape of Ferguson Island, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29837.
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A study of a traditional land use system was conducted at Nade, Fergusson Island, in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. An ethnobotanical inventory of useful and culturally significant plants, and a series of transects and vegetation profiles were used to identify, and map the distribution of, 15 different plant communities in the Nade landscape. Interviews were conducted with local gardeners about land use decision-making, land tenure, and ecological knowledge.
The land use strategy practiced at Nade can be characterized as a polyphase agroforestry system. A spectrum of management techniques are used in the different phases, including the selecting, ignoring, transplanting and/or planting of wild, semi-domesticated, and domesticated tree species. A variety of subsistence products are available throughout the year, from the range of vegetation types.
The distribution of successional phases in the landscape was found to depend on topography and soil conditions which vary within the subsistence territory of Nade. Overlying the environmentally determined pattern of the shifting mosaic are the social factors; land use decision-making based on the traditional system of susu land and plant tenure, labour-saving strategies, and agricultural tradition.
The study provides baseline data for monitoring changes in the culturally modified landscapes of Fergusson Island. This in turn can be used to facilitate a land-use planning process with local people.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Corris, Miriam. "A grammar of Barupu : a language of Papua New Guinea." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3655.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis is a descriptive grammar of Barupu, the easternmost member of the Skou family of languages. Barupu is spoken by around 3000 people on the north eoast of New Guinea; its grammar has not previously been described. Barupu is a tone language in which words belong to one of five tone classes and it exemplifies a type of pitch-accent system where for the most part tone is attracted to penultimate stressed syllables and spreads one syllable to the right. Some words, however, have tones lexically specified to one of the final two syllables ofthe word. A key feature of Barupu grammar is that there is no oblique marking on NPs - no particles, adpositions or case markers provide information about a nominal's role in the clause. Instead, Barupu is head-marking. Underived verbs show multiple exponence of subject, which can take the form of double prefixing or prefixing and infixing. There is a set ofsuffixing morphemes that function like applicatives in adding participants to the clause, but which are very atypical in appearing outside verbal inflection and showing extra agreement for subject. Barupu also has a prefixing Benefactive paradigm that replaces regular subject agreement and can be extended to mark external possession. Finally, Barupu is a polysynthetic language and, as such, makes almost no use of f9rmal subordination. Appendices to this thesis include a set of interlinearised texts and a draft of a Barupu-English dictionary with an English-Barupu finderlist.
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Yoko, James, and n/a. "Western education and social change in Papua New Guinea society." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061112.110812.
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Papua New Guinea, a society with diverse natural environments
(muddy swamps to soaring mountains, snake-shaped winding
rivers, open seas) and cultural environments (different languages,
customs, traditions) is undergoing massive and rapid social changes.
The occurrence of these social changes and social problems are due
to a combination of diverse exogenous and endogenous changes in
different areas such as politics, economic, cultural, bureaucratic
structure, technology and changes in other societies. These changes
are explicitly stipulated and reflected during the process of the
discussion and analysis.
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to analyze social change and
the emerging social problems in light of the colonisation process
right up to the post independence era. The social functions and
dysfunctions of the innovated Western type education system
during the contemporary modernisation and development process
are also examined. The theoretical frameworks used to analyze
social change are (1) the structural functionalism theory, (2)
modernisation theory, and (3) the theories of change and
development.
The rapid social changes, modernisation and other developments
occurring in Papua New Guinea are a new experience. Prior to this,
people have lived in Papua New Guinea for 50,000 years,
developing material and nonmaterial cultures such as the use of
simple technology including stone axes, digging sticks, dug out
canoes etc., houses made of sago or kunai grass, reciprocity or
gift-exchanges, interdependence, sharing, consensus, behaviour
controlled by established social norms, and the overall social,
political, economic and cultural structures and functions fused into a
single dynamic institution, predominantly through the family units
and kinship relationships. The destabilisation of this traditional
social structural system occurred as a consequence of the
introduction of profound changes and transformations when Great
Britain annexed Papua and Germany proclaimed New Guinea in
1884. Further developments that occurred during the colonisation
process are discussed in the paper.
Education, a powerful agent of social change, has and is playing a
crucial role during the modernisation and development process in
meeting such requirements as manpower needs of the country or
enabling political and economic development. Not only that but it is
maintaining the new social strata that are emerging in the society.
The top cream of the new social strata, called here the social,
political, and economic elite are enjoying the perks and privileges
associated with the positions they hold. They have been
emancipated from the hard rural life as far as Western schooling is
concerned.
Simultaneously, being a heterogeneous society, the dysfunctions of
education are also playing a role in which students are screened
using examinations as the criteria and a majority of them are
leaving school annually along the different levels of the education
system. This is contributing to the over-production of educated
people for the limited supply of jobs in both the government and
private sectors,'consequently leading to unemployment and an
upsurge in social problems. It is argued here that it would be
completely a false assumption if people believe that education is
wholly responsible for the social stratification, social inequality,
instability and unemployment related problems such as the break
down of law and order, disrespect for authority and established
social norms, or rascalism.
According to Etzioni and Etzioni, all efforts to explain societal
change, whether positive or negative, as originating in one single
factor have so utterly failed, thus, contemporary sociologists have
almost unanimously have adopted a multifactor approach (1964:7).
Etzioni and Etzioni also claim that social change may originate in any
institutional area, bringing about changes in other areas, which in
turn make for further adaptations in the initial sphere of change.
Technological, economic, political, religious, ideological, invention,
demographic and stratificational factors are all viewed as
potentially independent variables which influence each other, as
well as the course of society.
The current social situation in Papua New Guinea appears daunting
and pessimistic and for the masses of the people, the prospect is one
of rising inequalities, more intensive exploitation, chronic
unemployment and insecurity, misgovernment, social disruptions
and blighted opportunity during the modernisation and
development process. The paper suggests some ways in which the
national education system and the national government could
address some of these socio-economic problems to bring about
positive social changes in society. There is a need for strong genuine
political will, firm policy direction, diversification and
industrialisation of the economy, prudent planning, educational
reforms, constitutional reforms, increased training of skilled
manpower, coordinated integration, wise spending of available
resources and critical examination and analysis of wider social,
political, economic, and cultural issues and implications by those in
power. Perhaps these actions may help in some ways to bring about
equilibrium in the different components that make up the whole
social system, consequently creating a more just and stable society.
Social, political, and economic stability is vitally essential for
economic investment, modernisation and industrial growth.
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Crook, T. "Growing knowledge : exploring knowledge practices in Bolivip, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598173.
Full textAbstract:
Precisely because of their own elaborate knowledge practices, the Min of Papua New Guinea have proven uniquely problematic to the knowledge practice called social anthropology. Ethnographers have concluded that Min cultural processes are beyond both indigenous and anthropological explanation. This dissertation analyses knowing and growing by looking at explanatory practices of the Angkaiyakmin male cult in Bolivip village. I came to understand them as descriptions on a scale unfamiliar to conventional anthropological expectations. My research offers an alternative perspective on the Min, and an understanding of quite why the Min have proven so problematic to anthropological interpretation. In requiring an interlocutor to do the work of adding a half to complete their compositions of knowledge, the methodological basis of an interpretive anthropology is undermined. This assumption that any discursive encounter elicits another side in completion, is made evident in the responses of Angkaiyakmin to education, Catholicism and the development of the nearby Ok Tedi copper project. In Part One of the dissertation I discuss the practical and methodological problems also presented here, and inspect the implications of Fredrik Barth's paradigmatic analysis. I move on in Part Two to present my interests in knowing through the relational divisions of kinship and gender in both domestic and cult sociality. I consider the paths and means to knowing, the relational and discursive processes impinging upon knowing and revelation. Having formulated a methodology in response to these dislocated explanatory practices, I apply this in Part Three to inspect the Angkaiyakmin claim that their initiation rituals are like garden magic, and that their yolam ancestor spirit house replicates (kikseip) a planted taro garden. I attempt throughout to reflexively account not only for what the data might mean, but for why it appears to western anthropologists as it does.
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Small, Robert David Stuart. "Sustainable insects, sustainable organisations? : butterfly trading in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608632.
Full text
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Fairio, Mary. "Women and Politics in Presence: Case of Papua New Guinea." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399559917.
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Walsh, John Patrick. "Continental-margin sedimentation : a wet-tropical perspective from New Guinea /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11017.
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Salonda, Ludmilla Luddy. "Exploration of university culture: a Papua New Guinea case study." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2027/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of this case study on Divine Word University (DWU) is to explore the drivers that influence the organization to assume a particular model of organizing work and managing people in the pursuit of its goals. The key research questions therefore, focus on DWU culture, that is, the deeply embedded taken-for-granted basic assumptions whose influences are made visible in the organization’s behaviour and discourse. In particular, this thesis explores the behaviour and discourse associated with two aspects of the organization, the structure of decision-making and HR practices and processes. In exploring DWU culture, the study serves to explore the broader theme of university cultural emergence, embedding, cultural change, and organizational redefinition.
Three ethnographic tools are used in the exploration: the semi-structured interview, documentary sources and observations. Having multiple data sources serves to triangulate the emerging cultural themes across the data sources. The data was collected over a period of six months. Documents were collected and observations made over the first five months. These serve to surface issues, concepts and themes around which interviews are conducted in the final month of data gathering.
The findings show that the primary assumption defining DWU’s practices and which influences patterns of behaviour is the ideal of service linked to the missionary commitment to social advancement. This ideal has a profound impact on the culture of DWU. It provides the impetus for people to intervene to provide a service in a context where resource security is tenuous. Service in the context of this thesis is the ideal that serves as the impetus that motivates people, religious and altruistic oriented non-religious people, to render service for none or minimal material reward. This concept is contrasted with the concept of service associated with the university and taken as one of the tripartite knowledge functions. The findings also show that the outcome of the influence of service on DWU is that the behavioural expectations it promotes locate the university away from the behavioural expectations, as they are manifested in its decision-making structure and HR processes, of the collegial values-based organization. However, the findings also show that the distancing from the collegial cultural values and beliefs is nevertheless not a de-legitimization of the organization from the university field. In the contemporary context of organizational change that is allowing for the broadening of the university concept, emerging models of the university, such as DWU, occupy the contemporary end of the continuum of university models.
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Salonda, Ludmilla Luddy. "Exploration of university culture a Papua New Guinea case study /." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2027/1/salonda.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of this case study on Divine Word University (DWU) is to explore the drivers that influence the organization to assume a particular model of organizing work and managing people in the pursuit of its goals. The key research questions therefore, focus on DWU culture, that is, the deeply embedded taken-for-granted basic assumptions whose influences are made visible in the organization’s behaviour and discourse. In particular, this thesis explores the behaviour and discourse associated with two aspects of the organization, the structure of decision-making and HR practices and processes. In exploring DWU culture, the study serves to explore the broader theme of university cultural emergence, embedding, cultural change, and organizational redefinition. Three ethnographic tools are used in the exploration: the semi-structured interview, documentary sources and observations. Having multiple data sources serves to triangulate the emerging cultural themes across the data sources. The data was collected over a period of six months. Documents were collected and observations made over the first five months. These serve to surface issues, concepts and themes around which interviews are conducted in the final month of data gathering. The findings show that the primary assumption defining DWU’s practices and which influences patterns of behaviour is the ideal of service linked to the missionary commitment to social advancement. This ideal has a profound impact on the culture of DWU. It provides the impetus for people to intervene to provide a service in a context where resource security is tenuous. Service in the context of this thesis is the ideal that serves as the impetus that motivates people, religious and altruistic oriented non-religious people, to render service for none or minimal material reward. This concept is contrasted with the concept of service associated with the university and taken as one of the tripartite knowledge functions. The findings also show that the outcome of the influence of service on DWU is that the behavioural expectations it promotes locate the university away from the behavioural expectations, as they are manifested in its decision-making structure and HR processes, of the collegial values-based organization. However, the findings also show that the distancing from the collegial cultural values and beliefs is nevertheless not a de-legitimization of the organization from the university field. In the contemporary context of organizational change that is allowing for the broadening of the university concept, emerging models of the university, such as DWU, occupy the contemporary end of the continuum of university models.
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Najike, Samuel Vegola. "Learning Science In A Secondary School In Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15922/1/Samuel_Najike_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated teaching and learning, and the classroom learning environment in which the electricity topic was taught by the regular class teacher within the prescribed Grade 9 syllabus in a Secondary School in Papua New Guinea. The study was motivated by the perceived problems students had with understanding science concepts and the lack of classroom-based studies that provide a better understanding of teaching and learning science and the influence of the classroom learning environment on students' learning. An interpretive with embedded case study was conducted in a Grade 9 class over a period of 12 weeks in which data was gathered using mixed and multiple methods. Findings of the study revealed the presence and influence of aspects of the indigenous traditional teaching and learning approach impacting on the formal modern Western oriented teaching and learning approach in this particular classroom. The study recommended that in order to maximise students' learning and understanding of science concepts in the classroom observed, cultural sensitivity should be incorporated in the pedagogy.
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Najike, Samuel Vegola. "Learning Science In A Secondary School In Papua New Guinea." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15922/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated teaching and learning, and the classroom learning environment in which the electricity topic was taught by the regular class teacher within the prescribed Grade 9 syllabus in a Secondary School in Papua New Guinea. The study was motivated by the perceived problems students had with understanding science concepts and the lack of classroom-based studies that provide a better understanding of teaching and learning science and the influence of the classroom learning environment on students' learning. An interpretive with embedded case study was conducted in a Grade 9 class over a period of 12 weeks in which data was gathered using mixed and multiple methods. Findings of the study revealed the presence and influence of aspects of the indigenous traditional teaching and learning approach impacting on the formal modern Western oriented teaching and learning approach in this particular classroom. The study recommended that in order to maximise students' learning and understanding of science concepts in the classroom observed, cultural sensitivity should be incorporated in the pedagogy.
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Priestley, Carol. "A grammar of Koromu (Kesawai) : a trans New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150382.
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Daimoi, Joshua Kurung. "Nominalism in Papua New Guinea." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15340896.html.
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Lamothe, Marie Elise Lorraine. "Weevils, mats, and New Guinea." Thesis, 2008. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/8187/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research was foregrounded by my 2002 exhibition Weevil Rugs of New Guinea, a fictionally based body of work, which through motif, technique, materiality and allusions to form and function, made reference and paid homage to mat makers/textile artists in Canada, Papua New Guinea and Australia. The use of insect motifs was underpinned by my familiarity with insects (through a prior natural resource management degree) and an appreciation that the insect motif could sustain a long term examination both as a design base and as a vehicle to critique arbitrary standards and preconceived notions. But what of other textile makers who use insect motifs? How do they come to the use of entomological designs? In particular, how do women of Papua New Guinea, the country in which my weevil (the genus Eupholus) was found, adopt such imagery? What does this indicate about them and their art practices? How could the practices of the Western artist and the Morobean women of Papua New Guinea be documented both visually and in a written form to illustrate the parallel practices of mat making that incorporate entomological motifs?
This research addresses these questions, and seeks to expand the understanding of the paradigms of art and science, by exploring the creative processes of two similar, yet culturally radically different, sets of textile practices, both of which employ entomological imagery: my practice as a Western textile artist and the practices of Papua New Guinean (from Morobe province) makers of stitched Pandanus mats. Based on an a priori assumption that textiles are valid sites for artistic expressions that include culturally appropriate decorative motifs, often of a symbolic nature but also conceptual imagery, the research behind Distilling the Weevilness of Weevil focuses on the developments and processes common to both practices.
While the research is informed by the extant literature on women’s material culture in Papua New Guinea, as well as an overview of mat and entomological culture, in fact stitched Pandanus mats of the Huon Gulf are not well represented in the museums of the world or in documentation by the first expatriates (missionaries) to live in this area. Since the missionaries‟ arrival in the 1880s, and despite several independent museum expeditions, only a handful of mats and rain capes (approximately 25) have been collected from this area. Similarly, with the exception of brief mentions in relation to mats as economic items in the trade cycles of Tami (Huon Gulf) and Tuam Islands (Siassi), the sites of the current research, the literature and primary source information is scanty.
Mat making persists in these communities. This research documents the extent of historical continuity and current practices through the interrogation of histories, ideas and imagery coupled with photo-imagery of historical mats from the region. Interestingly, only one group of Morobean mat makers used an entomological motif as part of its lexicon. Nevertheless, the majority of all designs referenced nature intimately and reflected the overarching aims of the science/art paradigm. Photographs reveal the rarely documented processes of stitched Pandanus mat making from the villages of Malesiga, Yaga Settlement and Bukaua.
As part of the studio practice component of this research, formal aesthetic qualities in hooked mats, with relation to design qualities of the stitched Pandanus mats of the Huon Gulf and Siassi, were explored. Mat hooking, thought to have originated on the eastern seaboard of North America as early as the 1850s, is considered to be a true North American art form. Because this researcher’s ancestry can be traced to Eastern Canada, similar historical parameters are maintained between the two research focus groups.
A number of strategies were employed in gathering data on the creative practices and the designs of the Morobean stitched mats. Of central importance have been studies of archived and museum objects combined with field work with contemporary Morobean mat makers. These initiatives have lead to the development of the resultant body of exhibition work that not only documents research efforts in terms of formal aesthetic experiments as well as literature research, but also presents the findings of the research as a visual discourse on creative process. The potential for future research, with respect to continuing investigations into stitched Pandanus mats but also into the broader categories of female material culture in Papua New Guinea, the teaching of textiles both in the developed and developing world as well as the further development of a personal artistic practice, is canvassed in the final chapter.
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Döhler, Christian. "Komnzo: A language of Southern New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/107178.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides an introduction to Komnzo, a Papuan language
of Southern New Guinea. Komnzo is spoken by around 200 people in
the village of Rouku and a couple of adjacent hamlets. Komnzo
belongs to the Tonda subgroup of the Yam language family, which
is also known as the Morehead Upper-Maro group. This grammar
provides the first comprehensive description of a Yam language.
It is based on 16 months of fieldwork. The primary source of data
is a text corpus which the author recorded and transcribed
between 2010 and 2015. The corpus adds up to ten hours of text
including narratives, procedurals and naturally occuring social
interaction.
The sequence of chapters follows the well-established order:
phonology (2), word classes (3), nominal morphology (4), verb
morphology (5) and TAM marking (6), noun phrase syntax (7),
clausal syntax (8), interclausal syntax (9) and information
structure (10). These chapters are supplemented by an
anthropological, historical and sociolinguistic introduction (1),
and they are rounded off by a chapter on lexicology (11). The
appendix includes a 70-page dictionary with 1850 entries and
three sample texts. The entire text corpus is accessible online.
Komnzo provides many fields of future research, but the most
interesting aspect of its structure lies in the verb morphology,
to which the two largest chapters of the grammar are dedicated.
Komnzo verbs may index up to two arguments showing agreement in
person, number and gender. Verbs encode 18 TAM categories,
valency, directionality and deictic status. Morphological
complexity lies not only in the amount of categories verbs may
express, but also in the way how these are encoded. Komnzo verbs
exhibit what may be called `distributed exponence', that is
single morphemes are underspecified for a particular grammatical
category. Therefore, morphological material from different slots
has to be integrated first, and only after this integration, one
can arrive at a particular grammatical category.
The descriptive approach in this grammar is theory-informed
rather than theory-driven. Comparison to other Yam languages and
diachronic developments are taken into account whenever it seems
helpful.
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Green, Michael K. "Prehistoric cranial variation in Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116758.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation of recent prehistoric cranial
variation in Papua New Guinea. It presents for the first time metric,
non-metric and anatomical data recorded on crania from the Central
Highlands and Highlands Fringe regions, as well as data for a number
of regions from the North and South Coasts. The majority of the data
have been recorded in the field from skeletal remains located in
ossuaries. Supplementary data from a number of museum collections -isalso
presented.
Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of the metric
data indicate that the populations of the Central Highlands and
Highlands Fringe have been biologically isolated from coastal and
lowland regions for a substantial period of time. The demonstration
of craniometric homogeneity throughout the Central Highlands further
indicates an original genetic unity for these populations. Factors of
craniometric size and shape are both identified as contributing to the
morphological pattern throughout Papua New Guinea, and it is shown
that extraction of significant environmental effects clarifies the
assessment of phylogenetic relationships. The potential for a
cultural component in the morphological pattern of the Papuan Gulf is
also raised.
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Stoneking, Mark Allen. "Human mitochondrial DNA evolution in Papua New Guinea." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18809629.html.
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Tzeng, Ai-Yi, and 曾艾翊. "A revision of Phyllanthus(Euphorbiaceae)in New Guinea." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38875378911887737995.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
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Euphorbiaceae is the sixth largest Angiosperm family and distributes, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, world wide with high species and morphological diversity. In the Euphorbiaceae family Phyllanthus L., subordinate to Fluggeinae of Phyllantheae of Phyllanthoideae, is the largest genus of Phyllanthoideae containing 833 taxa. Phyllanthus of New Guinea contained 43 taxa, divided into five subgenera and eight sections in accordance to external morphology. Using specimens from the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University Branch (L) and Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute (LAE), this study explores seed surface ornamentation and pollen morphology for species classification of New Guinea Phyllanthus. Twenty-nine species were selected for examination of seed surface ornamentation and were then classified into ten types. Pollen morphology for thirty-two species was examined, among which, nine types were classified. One of the nine types of pollen morphology was first described, the Phyllanthus ovatifolius type. The results suggest that the diversity of seed morphology is useful for interspecific identification, and that the diversity of pollen morphology is useful for grouping subgenus and section. Fourty-six taxa of Phyllanthus in New Guinea are revised. In addition, morphological descriptions of 42 taxa, geographic elevation maps, notation and index for further research are included. The species P. hookeri Mull. Arg. and P. urinaria L. subsp. nudicarpus Airy Shaw are newly recorded. Finally, P. paniculatus Oliv. is not conspecific to P. clamboides (F.Muell.) Diels. In addition, 4 unidentified or uncertain taxa need to be studied to confirm their classification. The author wishes to express her thank to the directors and curators of herbaria L and LAE for the loan of specimens and the permission to sample flowers and seeds from specimens. Without their generous assistance this study would not have been possible.
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HRČEK, Jan. "Caterpillar - parasitoid food webs in New Guinea rainforest." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-127113.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis establishes baseline ecological parameters (parasitism rate, host specificity, and food web structure) for tropical external folivore - parasitoid food webs and finds the parasitoids strongly host specific. Further, it presents a new method for molecular detection of herbivore - parasitoid relationships, and describes some of the studied species to ensure long-term value of the ecological data.
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Onishi, Masayuki. "A grammar of Motuna (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea)." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12476.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a descriptive grammar of Motuna, a Non-Austronesian language spoken by several thousand people in the south-western part of Bougainville (called Siwai), Papua New Guinea. It belongs to the Buin Family of the Eastern Bougainville stock, in the Bougainville Phylum. This grammar is based on the analysis of narrative texts provided by four speakers of the standard Motuna. Motuna is a both head and dependent marking agglutinative language with complex
morphology. Like most Non-Austronesian languages in Papua NewGuinea, it is verb
final, and has medial and non-medial verbal categories. In addition, verbs have basic
voice distinction between active and middle voices, and have extensive tense/aspect/
mood categories. Nouns have six genders and are also classified by fifty-one classifiers.
Chapter 1 discusses the typological characteristics, as well as the genetic relations and dialectal variations of Motuna. It also briefly summarises previous work done on this language, and provides the scope and data base of this thesis. Chapter 2 deals with phonetics, phonology and orthography. It includes an introduction
to morphophonemics which will be discussed fully in later chapters, particularly in
Chapter 4 (nouns), Chapter 8 (classifiers, numerals and the 'all' quantifier), and
Chapter 13 (verbal morphology). Chapter 3 outlines the word-classes and the clausal syntax of this language. Chapters 4 - 9 deal with the mopho-syntax of all the word classes except for verbs, participles and verbal nouns. Chapter 10 discusses the internal structure of the NP, and Chapter 11 possessive, kinship and other constructions.
Chapter 12 outlines the morpho-syntax of verbs. I give a gist of verbal morphology in this chapter, so that readers may skip Chapter 13 which is a lengthy discussion of
complicated verbal morphology. Chapter 14 discusses valency of verbs including valency-changing derivations (stimulative, causative, applicative and reciprocal). Chapter 15 deals with tense/aspect/mood. Chapter 16 deals with two word classes
derived from verbs .,.-- verbal nouns and participles. Chapter 17 discusses the interclausal relations in Motuna, mainly chaining of medial verbs and relative clauses. Finally, three narative texts of this language are provided in Appendix.
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Anere, Ray L. "Australian aid to Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148746.
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Castillo, Martinez Edwin Moises. "Ethnomycology and Bioprospecting Studies from Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117296.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guineans have medicinal knowledge based on thousands of years of using flora, fauna and fungi as medicines. However, factors such as poor documentation and an increase in the use of allopathic medicine within the island have promoted the rapid loss of such medicinal knowledge. Thus the work presented in this thesis has been directed towards the preservation of first hand traditional knowledge, as it pertains to the use of mushrooms by indigenous inhabitants of Papua New Guinea, in particular those mushrooms with medicinal potential. A compilation of biologically active secondary metabolites isolated from terrestrial and marine fungi from Papua New Guinea under ethnomycology is presented in chapter one. A brief account of ethnomycology by early Europeans and inhabitants of the new world in pre-Columbian times is also presented. Chapter two describes the in vitro biological testing of mushrooms used by the Kiovi, Waefo and Kopanka clans. Turbidity-MTT microdilution assay was used to determine the susceptibility of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria against 52 crude mushroom extracts resulting in approximately 31% of the samples tested active against at least one of the organisms used. Ethnomycological comparisons between the Kiovi, Waefo and Kopanka are also presented. The work described in chapter three includes ethnomycological and taxonomical background of Fulaga dive, common name given to a mushroom member of the Amanitaceae family and used by the Kiovi tribe for its edibility and because it makes them “feel well”. Bioassay guided isolation, purification and structural elucidation of two novel furan fatty acids is detailed. Chapter four details the synthetic route of the two novel furan fatty acids isolated from Fulaga dive. The synthesis was achieved from commercially available furan. Degradation of this class of compounds is also discussed, where (Z)-9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-non-8-enoic acid isomerises to the more stable (E)-diastereoisomer followed by olefinic cleavage producing 5-pentyl-2-furaldehyde. Chapter five reports the synthesis of 26 compounds, that are furan based homologues and thiophene based analogues of (Z)-9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-non-8-enoic acid. Homologues and analogues were assayed for their antibacterial potential against a panel of bacterial human pathogens using the turbidity-MTT assay and their radical scavenging properties using the DPPH assay. Finally, chapter six includes ethnomycological and taxonomical background of Igura hivi, a mushroom also used by the Kiovi tribe for its edibility and treat stomach complaints. Bioassay guided isolation, purification and structural elucidation of the known antibiotic grifolin is presented. The spectroscopic data obtained for the isolated fungal metabolite matched that reported in the literature.
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Chowdhury, Mamta B. "Resources booms and macroeconomic adjustment : Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144217.
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