Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Territorial transition'
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Jourdan, Gabriel. "Le système de gouvernance territorial au défi de la transition urbaine." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0138.
Full textThis work is a geographical study of urban governance. It tries to underline the link between "urban transition", town planning and transportation policies. The "urban transition" means the city moves from a pedestrian organization (the compact city) to a car organization (the dispersed city. ) This process causes automobile dependence and has negative impact on urban sustainable development. Planners wants to control city-sprawl and facilitate car transit. But suburbs and rural municipalities wants more city sprawl and try to stop any control of the land-use at the urban region level. This gap between political and technical logic prevents from any control of urban sprawling, while roads and highways reduce time travel. More and more people can choose peripheral localization for housing, and go fast in the urban region's center. Since a few year, urban planing tries to promote urban sustainable development. Control the "urban transition" is a key issue. But in Nice and Toulouse, "urban region planing governance systems" seams not able to reach this goal. However, external constraints - like national and European laws, or demographic evolution - push some more "sustainable" municipal policies
Dégremont-Dorville, Marie. "Transitions énergétiques et politiques à l’orée du XXIe siècle : l’émergence en France d’un modèle territorial de transition énergétique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0008/document.
Full textOur work focuses on energy transition policies launched by French local authorities through a historical perspective. We analyze renewable energy and energy efficiency local policies as well as grid modernization, especially since their development in the mid-2000s. They are embedded in a process where historical principles guiding public policies in the energy sector are being challenged, especially as regards electricity. This offers opportunities to actors contesting these organizational principles, who promote alternatives they crafted for a few decades. Thanks to policy entrepreneurs mobilizing resources acquired over the course of their career, an alternative territorialized energy model is emerging. Gradually, it gains ground through the development of local production systems, mostly controlled by regional councils and large urban centers. These processes bring about a number of changes, most of them being incremental. However, we identify accelerating periods that can lead to changes of energy systems on a wider scale. They introduce differentiation from the French energy system, organized and controlled at a national scale. These alternatives are standardized, and it makes them more powerful to confront strong path dependency in this area. Since energy policy has been central in the crafting of the French modern state, these transitions could have consequences on public policies in general and on the state itself
Chaher, Mazigh. "Les collectivités territoriales et les énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0032.
Full textThe energy transition, understood as the gradual transition from the current energy model to an energy model based essentially on carbon-free energies, has led to increased accountability of local authorities and their groupings in the sense that they must now assume, through particularly effective and operational legal tools, an important part of the mission consisting in accelerating the development of renewable energies. In this context, since the beginning of the 2000s, we have witnessed an increase in the powers of local authorities and groupings of authorities in matters directly or indirectly related to the energy transition, which testifies to the awareness by the public authorities of the essential role of these communities in the energy transition and the need to strengthen this intervention through the creation of skills ex nihilo or by transferring skills from the central state to the local authorities. This movement has been encouraged particularly by the liberalization of the energy market, which has created fertile ground for the economic intervention of local authorities in the energy sector. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that the implementation of the energy transition at the local level is inextricably linked to the problem of territorial decentralization and that therefore the strengthening of the place of the local level required by the energy transition comes up against to the limits and contradictions of this decentralization
Rodriguez, Katherine J. "Reforming the International Corporate Tax Code: A Transition to a Territorial Tax System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/955.
Full textAlsenafi, Abdulaziz. "Segregation Dynamics Motivated by Territorial Markings:The Transition from a Particle to a Continuum Model." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467727114.
Full textLacourt, Simon. "Agroforesterie et paysages en mouvement : un projet territorial et transversal. Une agroforesterie en France métropolitaine à travers divers cas d’étude, de l’exploitant à l’aménageur, l’arbre vecteur de transition territoriale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB073.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the role of agrosystems, specifically agroforestry, through the lens of land use planning from the perspective of developers. Promoted as one of the solutions for adapting to climate change and as a future model for agrosystems, can a collaborative agroforestry approach among stakeholders offer a viable proposal for territorial transition? Urban areas have expanded onto agricultural lands over the past sixty years. This sprawl has led public authorities to regulate territories with zoning plans, resulting in specialization and homogenization of landscapes in peri-urban fringes, within a complex web of logistical and commercial zones. Simultaneously, mechanical optimization and profound changes in agricultural practices have caused disruptions in rural landscapes, where lands have also become specialized and more productive, leading to the rapid disappearance of trees.At a moment of innovation and a shift in agricultural practices, France launched an agro-ecological project in 2015, one of the levers of which is a development plan for agroforestry. Existing research primarily focuses on agronomic and environmental sciences, with little attention given to landscape, geography, or sociology, which often involve transdisciplinary approaches that blend theory and practice.While it is acknowledged that farmers are inherently landscape creators, their actions within the territory are not viewed as a major component of land use planning, and agricultural parcels are often considered as "land reserves." Farmers tend to see themselves more as resource producers rather than landscape creators. In a context where this production is facing significant crises, research questions the transformation of practices that is underway and its implications for society, economy and landscape production. How do developers position themselves to anticipate and project these changes? And how do operators engage in this planning?In this sense, the objective of the thesis is to contribute to the discussion on agroforestry as both a mode of landscape creation and as a response to new societal challenges through collaborative projects. It aims to propose reflections on the essential intersections between the complementary fields of land use planning and agronomy in the future of metropolitan territories.This research employs a methodology that combines geoagronomy and landscape studies, centered on fieldwork, engaging with the expertise of operators, territorial stakeholders, and landscape architects to achieve objective results.The findings of this research reveal contrasting results regarding the place of trees between rural and urban worlds, illustrating the pragmatic, political, and economic challenges faced by both territories and operators. Despite the emphasis on transversality and the integration of the agrosystem within territorial projects, reality shows that farmers do not see themselves as a major component of land use planning. Although trees are considered as essential elements for the future of cities and countryside, their integration into the territory remains a complex challenge that requires a holistic and cross-disciplinary approach
Allais, Romain. "Transition systémique pour un développement durable : entre conception et territoire." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0024/document.
Full textSystem transition is required.to meet sustainability challenges. Our proposal is to apply general principles from a hybrid approach between forecasting (trends) and principled backcasting to industrial companies. These principles provide guidelines for each of the five dimensions of sustainability (political, territorial, social, environmental and economic). The developed method is based on the strategic process (analyze, choose, deploy) to include additional dimensions in the design of the product through the value constellation of the extended company. Two trajectories are explored: the integration of the environment (case studies) and the territory (theory) in product design through organizational innovation driven by the renewal of strategic and operational governance. This interdisciplinary research lays the foundation for the development of a method to support the transition of industrial companies towards the 5-dimensions sustainable development by integrating new dimensions hitherto little or no exploited in the product design process
Herbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026/document.
Full textTerritorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned
Lulovicova, Andrea. "Évaluation environnementale des systèmes alimentaires territoriaux : Apports de l'analyse du cycle de vie territoriale à la construction et à l'évaluation des processus de reterritorialisation durables des systèmes agroalimentaires en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2002.
Full textThe current climatic and environmental upheavals deeply impact our society and ecosystems. Food production and consumption play an essential role in these disruptions. The globalized food system, characterized by mass production and consumption and a disconnect between producers and consumers, places significant pressure on territories and their resources. To address this, the reterritorialization of food is emerging as a promising solution for a more sustainable food system. France is at the forefront of this initiative, with the recent development of Territorial Food Projects (Projets Alimentaires Territoriaux, PAT) led by local authorities. These projects aim to promote a local and sustainable food economy while supporting short supply chains. However, despite their potential, the environmental impacts of these initiatives remain understudied. Most current studies compare short and long food supply chains, focusing on transportation-related impacts. Consequently, they do not consider the systemic benefits associated with the development of more sustainable practices within local food systems. To respond to this issue, this thesis adapts the Territorial Life Cycle Assessment (TLCA) methodology to assess local food systems from a systemic and environmental perspective. This adapted methodology is applied to two diverse territories in France and their local food systems: the municipality of Mouans-Sartoux and the Finistere department. Both territories are pioneers in implementing food territorial projects (PAT). The environmental assessment of the two local food systems reveals the extent of both direct and indirect impacts, notably related to imported products and agricultural inputs. The results demonstrate that transportation played a minor role in these impacts. Both local systems heavily depend on imports to feed their inhabitants. The short food supply chains, and consequently their impact, remain limited. The assessment of the impact of the Mouans-Sartoux local food policies demonstrates positive effects since their implementation. An estimated reduction in environmental impact equals approximately 20 % of the entire local food system's impact, particularly in terms of climate change and land use. In Finistere, the prospective analysis highlights the potential benefits of local strategies, particularly in connection with the promotion of agroecological practices. In conclusion, this interdisciplinary work confirms the relevance of life cycle assessment methodologies for local planning and assessment. It equally reveals the potential of local food policies to contribute to the ecological transition
Herbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026.
Full textTerritorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned
Elmanuni, Aimen. "Les conséquences de la transition politique en Lybie sur l'organisation administrative locale." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCF001.
Full textSince 17 February 2011, Libya has known a period of political and legal transition that is ongoing. The subject of this thesis focuses on the study of the consequences of this transition on the organization of local administration. The transitory political authorities have sought to reorganize the country through new local administration structures. It is the object of the law no. 59 adopted in 2012 by the National Transition Council. But the application of the provisions of this law encountered important difficulties due to the instability of the Libyan political situation. This work concerns the elaboration, content and impact of this law for establishing in Libya a new local organization during this transitory political period that began in 2011 and lasted until the adoption and the signature of the Libyan political agreement in Skhirat in Morocco, on 17 December 2015.The first part of this thesis focuses on the political difficulties encountered during the elaboration of the new local legislation by the National Transition Council, the National General Congress, and the Parliament. The second part of the work exposes the obstacles encountered in the application of the provisions of this legislation due to the political situation of the country marked by political divisions and the coexistence of central competing authorities. The local administrative reorganization is underway but still remains an objective to be finalized for the administrative and political reconstruction of Libya and to thereby guarantee its future, which remains linked to the return of a real political stability
Simões, Fábio José Ferreira. "Novas centralidades multifuncionais na frente ribeirinha do Seixal. Intervencões urbanísticas de suporte e consolidação a redes ecológicas de âmbito metropolitano." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5796.
Full textMa, Kun. "Système énergétique territorial face à la montée en puissance des énergies renouvelables : modélisation de la transition appliquée à La Réunion." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL008.
Full textFrom the concept of territorial energy system (TES), defined as a coupling between a territorial system and an energy system, and after that the actual situation and different possibilities of energy transition being examined, we model the energy transition of the Reunion electrical system, with a multi-agent model developed under the Anylogic platform. In this model, the power plants and the substation HV/MV, localized in IRIS and connected with the electricity network, form the exchange interface between the two subsystems coupled. The dynamic of the model is based on two levels of nested temporalities. Interaction between territorial dynamics and energy dynamics is achieved through hourly simulation of resources (solar, wind, hydraulic) and demand (load curves), based on hourly observations (weather data, data of load curves, etc. ), and calibrated with the statistics of production and consumption of the reference year. Scenarios are structured by assumptions about the demand and production, and are with a time horizon of decades and an annual granularity. They allow to understand the effect of different combinations of parameters (threshold of saturation of PV, storage, PV coverage, demand, etc. ), to get insights on how the energy system can evolve. This could be used to provide aids to policies decisions according to objectives (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, control of prices of energy, development of renewable. . . )
Ma, Kun. "Système énergétique territorial face à la montée en puissance des énergies renouvelables : modélisation de la transition appliquée à La Réunion." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732678.
Full textFlipo, Pauline. "Vivre dans les îles proches de l’Atlantique et de l’Adriatique : Les défis de l’action publique territoriale à Ouessant, l’Île-aux-Moines, Cres, Silba et Unije." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0058.
Full textThis thesis looks at the challenges facing local public action on three Croatian islands (Cres, Silba and Unije) and two Breton islands (Ouessant and Île-aux-Moines). By taking a closer look at the management of housing and energy transition issues in these territories, this study questions the room for manoeuvre of local players in a context of (re)centralisation of powers and the hegemony of New Public Management, which transposes private sector methods to the field of public action. The aim is both to question the room for manoeuvre these territories have in dealing with highly territorialised issues and the capacity of island communities to produce innovation in terms of territorial public action. The decision to focus on the views of islanders and local players throughout the dissertation is a means to look at concrete manifestations of these challenges, through a sensitive and territorialised prism
Boisgibault, Louis. "Territoires et transition énergétique : l’exemple de la Métropole Européenne de Lille et du Pays de Fayence ; les espoirs de Ouarzazate et de l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040098/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates territorial energy decentralization. It advocates the greater involvement of territories in the energy transition. Should this evolution be driven from the top by global, European and national decisions and targets, which are then transposed in the territories? Would it be better for territories to initiate local sustainable projects, which can then be approved on a regional and national level and then aggregated? How can intercommunal and regional levels increase their influence in energy and climate matters? How do regional schemes and plans interact with local planning documents? Is territorial Energy Independence feasible, and is it compatible with solidarity? The methodology is based on analysis of the corpus, statistical computation and field work. The field work was conducted in four different spatial typologies: the new European Metropolis of Lille, an urban space, the Pays de Fayence, a Southern France rural space, Ouarzazate, Morocco, a desert space and the West African Economic and Monetary Union. These different typologies have allowed us to draw a vertical line guiding the research conducted given the evolving context post-COP 21, the new European Commission initiatives and the 2015 French laws on territorial organization and energy transition. These factors are grouped into three pairs to interpret the results on France’s carbon constraints, the Mediterranean region and Africa, which will only be subject to carbon constraints when the COP 21 Paris agreement has entered into force
Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit der regionalen Dezentralisierung der Energiegewinnung und -verteilung. Sie untersucht die Beziehungen zwischen der öffentlichen Politik, der Planung für Energie, Luft und Klima, sowie der Entwicklung der Gebiete hin zu einer positiven Energiebilanz. Sollte diese Evolution von Oben angestoßen werden, durch weltweite, europäische und nationale Entscheidungen und Ziele, die anschließend regional umgesetzt werden? Oder sollten nachhaltige Projekte regional initiiert werden, sodass „Régions“ und Nation sie genehmigen und in eine größerräumige Entwicklung eingliedern können? Inwiefern gewinnen Gemeindeverbände, Metropolen und Regionen in Energie-und Klimafragen an Macht? Wie fügen sich die neuen regionalen Konzepte und Planungen mit den Stadtentwicklungspapieren zusammen? Ist eine regionale energetische Autonomie möglich und mit dem Solidargedanken vereinbar? Die Arbeit beruht auf einer Korpusanalyse, der Verarbeitung statistischer Daten, der Teilnahme an Kolloquien und einer Arbeit vor Ort im städtischen Raum der Métropole Européenne de Lille, dem ländlich geprägten Pays de Fayence in Südfrankreich, mit einer Erweiterung in Richtung Ouarzazate in der Wüste Marokkos und zur Westafrikanischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion. Diese vier Gebiete liegen auf einer Forschungsvertikalen, und das in einem Kontext sich ändernder Gesetze im Zusammenhang mit den Fortschritten der COP21, mit den Initiativen der Europäischen Energie-und Klimakommission und mit der französischen Gesetzesänderungen im Sommer 2015, die die Neuverteilung der französischen Regionen und die Energiewende betrafen. Diese Gebiete sind in drei Paare aufgeteilt, um verschiedene Ergebnisse zu erbringen: einerseits in Frankreich, für das die Kohlendioxidgrenze gilt, anderseits der Mittelmeerraum und Afrika, die dieser Grenze noch nicht unterworfen sind, solange die Pariser Vereinbarung der COP21 noch nicht in Kraft getreten ist
Fourcroy, Elena. "Gouvernance territoriale pour l’anticipation et la résolution des conflits dans les projets de valorisation des digestats de méthanisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2794.
Full textThe bioeconomy and the circular economy have recently gained a major place in the European Union policies on the ecological, energy and social transition. Supported by these public policies, the biogas sector has experienced a remarkable growth in recent years. Biogas production makes it possible to produce both gas from renewable resources, and digestate, a by-product which amending and fertilizing properties are useful for agriculture. The “return to the soil” of digestate is considered as a key element of the circularity of the biogas sector. However, numerous controversies remain over the environmental and health impacts of returning digestates to the soil, and conflicts related to the actual or supposed negative externalities of digestates negatively impact the development of the sector. We use a qualitative method, centred on the analysis of case studies, to explore this topic, about which the scientific literature remains very scarce. We try to understand, at first, the nature of these conflicts, and secondly, how territorial governance mechanisms can anticipate or solve these conflicts. Our results show that conflicts emerge around certain dimensions of the territorial capital: the preservation of the natural capital, the inadequacy of the infrastructural and equipment capital, and oppositions around the cultural capital. These conflicts often crystallize previous tense situations, at a local or regional scale. The activation of territorial proximity, at different spatial scales, local, regional and sub-regional, with the intervention, sometimes, of one or more public or private intermediaries, allows stakeholders to coordinate in order to: exchange information and better mobilize the territorial capital, produce and acquire new knowledge in the event of uncertainty about the impacts of digestates, and develop common political visions on the development of the sector
Thomas, Gérard. "De « l’urbanisme agricole » à l’agriurbanisme : un processus exploratoire pour un développement urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30026.
Full textThis research, undertaken by a professional urban planner, aims to explore already implemented regional planning methods, to analyze the forms and conditions of the convergence of public policies in the fields of urban planning and agriculture, to identify the tools available to local decision makers to achieve this convergence, resulting in sustainable development objectives set by the authority. The separate management of agricultural and urban spaces has contributed to the loss of the historical link of interdependence and complementarity, which has long defined the relationship between cities and countryside. With the existence of a limited effectiveness of planning documents to reduce the consumption of agricultural space, the problem to be managed is that of maintaining agriculture as it competes with other uses. By analyzing the regional impacts (both environmental and socio-economic) of existing public policies regarding agriculture and urban planning, this research aims to question the professional work practices, the concepts and existing urban planning methods. The research hypothesis posits the need to consider the construction of an agri-urban actionable framework, which integrates all interaction between agriculture, the city and nature, to discover new methods which will allow the integration of “agriurbanisme” into public action. This hypothesis integrates all previous studies, which include a diversity of personal experience, past and present, of the urban planner/researcher as well as specific project research experience (e.g. urban community of Bassin Brive in Corrèze). This endeavor aims to comprehend the conditions of the transition from an agricultural misconception of urban planning to the construction of an actionable framework and, ultimately to the implementation of an operational “agriurbanism” model. This shift from an agri-urban perspective to operational agri-planning questions the practices of urban planning professionals, challenges not only local politicians in their governance methods but civilians as well (particularly in agricultural areas), invites both transdisciplinarity and controversy resulting in economical space management or agricultural land preservation. As for the complex relationship of the city with it’s natural and living surroundings, the agri-urban interdependencies are challenged to define a new developmental approach more favorable to the needs of regional sustainable development
Tin?co, Leonardo Bezerra de Melo. "?reas de transi??o rural e urbana em S?o Gon?alo do Amarante : elementos para delimita??o no planejamento territorial." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12333.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Investiga as especificidades das ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana em suas rela??es com o planejamento territorial e urbano. Analisa as ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana no munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com vistas a identificar elementos que contribuam para uma melhor delimita??o dessas ?reas no planejamento territorial e urbano, especialmente no Plano Diretor dos munic?pios. S?o quest?es principais de pesquisa: a) como realizar uma an?lise do espa?o municipal explicitando-se as caracter?sticas e especificidades dos espa?os com din?mica urbana, com din?mica de transi??o rural e urbana e com din?micas rurais? b) Como superar as dificuldades de identifica??o, caracteriza??o e delimita??o das ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana no processo de planejamento, regula??o e gest?o do territ?rio? Para responder a essas quest?es a pesquisa focaliza os espa?os aqui designados como ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana (ATRU s) em sua rela??o com os par?metros da pol?tica territorial e urbana. A an?lise fundamenta-se na vis?o de autores como Milton Santos e Bertha Becker. Dentre as principais conclus?es, identificou-se a relev?ncia em se associar as din?micas s?cio-econ?micas, hist?ricas, pol?ticas e culturais ?s configura??es das ATRU s, analisando tamb?m os seus aspectos demogr?ficos e formais no territ?rio como estrat?gia metodol?gica de reconhecimento e delimita??o dessas ?reas. Verificou-se que as ATRU s ocorrem em din?micas distintas onde a transi??o se d? em gradientes de urbaniza??o ou de dinamiza??o da atividade agr?cola. Sobretudo, constatou-se que as ATRU s n?o se configuram necessariamente em ?reas cont?guas ao espa?o urbano, mas sua ocorr?ncia verifica-se tamb?m de forma isolada e dispersa no espa?o municipal, o que as diferenciam das tradicionais zonas de expans?o urbana
Pistoni, Roberta. "Landscape planning and design for energy transition in France and the Netherlands. Principles, practices, recommendations." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0017.
Full textThe research relates to the ongoing discourse about energy transition, starting from the consideration that the energy transition generates a landscape transition too, thanks to the long-lasting relationship between energy development and spatial organization, the first one having inevitably an impact on the second. The period we are living, it is not an exception. The ongoing transition, which implies a gradual relocation and territorialisation of the energy system, need planning and design landscape according to reduction of energy consumption and renewable energy production goals. In this framework the main goal of this research is to establish and assess energy conscious landscape planning and design in the context of the ongoing energy transition.The research framework is based on different concepts: urban metabolism, circular economy and cradle-to-cradle. Through a critical view of the linear functioning ‘take-make-waste’ of our society, they could inform choices and strategies aiming a better energetic sustainability, with impacts on spatial and landscape planning and design.A comparison between France and the Netherlands, nations engaged in energy transition process and with an important and long lasting tradition in landscape architecture, but with differences, contributes to understand how landscape and spatial planning and design are taken into account and which energy development strategies and synergies are developed. The research analyses territories: two in France and one in the Netherlands, committed to a transition process. The contribution of landscape architects is also investigated. The similarities and differences found in the two national contexts allow to put the analysis into perspective.Results show that in French territories there is a general lack of recognition of landscape planning and design as able to contribute to energy transition, beyond the integration of renewable energy technologies. On the contrary, this role seems to be better addressed in the Dutch context. Nevertheless, territorial agents have a vision of the connection between landscape and energy transition which also includes the reduction of energy consumption and optimization of energy flows. Concerning landscape architects, energy transition does not lead to radical changes in their practice. They continue to rely on knowledge and design steps conventional for the discipline, but which have to be combined with new knowledge and steps specific to energy topic
Bui, Sibylle. "Pour une approche territoriale des transitions écologiques. Analyse de la transition vers l’agroécologie dans la Biovallée (1970-2015)." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0078/document.
Full textAgriculture’s transition towards agrocology requires a radical transformation of production practices based on ecological principles, but it also requires radical changes within transformation, distribution and consumption practices and within advisory systems, public policies and research. In other words, it requires a profound reconfiguration of the whole agrifood system. In the Drome Valley (France), the high proportion of actors who consider organic agriculture as central in their development strategy and their involvement within the “Biovallée” project, suggest that an agroecological transition is in process and that the territorial scale might facilitate it. This thesis analyses the agricultural dynamics at the scale of this territory since the 1970s, in order to understand the transition mechanisms and to conceptualize them. Based on a framework inspired from the sustainable transition theories and on an ethnographic and pragmatic approach, it shows that a reconfiguration of the whole local agrifood system is indeed in process, and that it results from the interactions between a dominant sociotechnical configuration and two alternative ones which local actors have set up over time around two alternative paradigms. We analyze how actors succeed in changing the balance of power within the local agri-food system and how the territorial scale offers them some levers which do not exist on a larger scale. In this case, certain traditional actors and a diversity of initiatives allowed actors to progressively set up new forms of coordination, that is social or organizational innovations (rather than technological ones). Therefore the main issue shifts from thinking transitions based on the development of atechnological innovation, towards creating conditions in order to favour the coexistence of a diversity of initiatives that develop social innovations and to favour their interactions with the dominant system
Yan, Elodie. "Des principes agronomiques à la pratique : décrire et interpréter les dynamiques d'adoption des cultures associées en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB046.
Full textCrop mixtures, including variety and species mixtures (or intercrops), are an effective crop diversification practice for managing pests and diseases. In recent years, we have seen an increase in the area cultivated with variety mixtures - particularly wheat - and species mixtures. However, some mixtures, such as cereal-legume intercrops, still account for only a small share of arable land in France. Indeed, technical, material, and economic barriers and the lack of knowledge and references hinder the adoption of crop mixtures by farmers.The aim of this thesis is to study crop mixtures under current agricultural conditions to produce references on their performance in terms of input use and production and to analyse the dynamics of adoption at farm and territorial levels. To this end, we used a mixed approach, combining analysis of databases and field surveys, and a multi-scale approach, linking the plot and the cropping system, the farm and the territory.Our results suggest that some mixtures are more effective than others in reducing chemical inputs and underline the importance of the choice of varieties and species in designing mixtures that meet farmers' objectives. Collective work, exchanges with peers and adapted support from advisory services can help to overcome several obstacles to the adoption of associated crops. On farms, the composition of intercrops and the areas allocated to them are likely to evolve, depending on the farmers' objectives and constraints, and outlets for the intercrops. As they gain experience, farmers refine their knowledge of the practice, which also helps them to develop their intercrops. These changes, along with peer-to-peer interactions, are responsible for the adoption dynamics observed at the territorial level. Finally, our study shows that even in particularly dynamic areas, difficulties remain and seem to lead to the abandonment of the practice after a few years of testing. These cases, therefore, need to be studied in greater detail to refine our understanding of the processes involved in adopting crop mixtures
Breteau, Lucien. "Développement durable et mutations de l'Administration territoriale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2033.
Full textDespite its numerous uses in many juridical orders : sustainable development has differents meanings. On one hand, it means that the environment needs to be protected in order to guarantee rights of future generations. On the other hand, sustainable development is equally defined as the conciliation between environmental policies, economical development and social progress. Territorial restructuring drafts are confronted at this polysemous concept.In spite of this difficulty, sustainable development is consolidated by french public law in his finality as far as its means. About that, standstill principle and environmental responsability enhance this theory.Other principles contibute to sustainable development realization. Environmental democracy takes an independence compared to the classical reprensentative democracy’s concept. In reciprocity, territorial restructuring keeps an influence on public policies about this constitutionnalized notion since the 2005’s Environnemental Carta
Zoumenou, Anna. "L’action économique des collectivités territoriales pour la transition énergétique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020061/document.
Full textThe conference of the member states of the United nations framework convention about climate change (COP 21) which took place in Paris, december 2015, increased the state’s interest either for the protection of the environment and the ecological transition. From more than a decade, many laws had have the goal to place local authorities into the hearth of this system. Today, the realization of the energy transition is based on a partnership between public authorities, garantor of the public service and private companies mastering engineering and energy techniques. This policy takes place in the story of a new public management, which profoundly changes the way public services are managed
Amichi, Farida. "Une agriculture transitoire au service d’une agriculture pérenne dans un front pionnier Saharien en Algérie. L'eldorado d'El Ghrouss." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0013.
Full textHistorically, the Sahara has undergone profound transformations, particularly in the agricultural sector. This is particularly true in the El Ghrouss region in the 1980s, which has seen an acceleration of agricultural changes resulting in strong territorial dynamics. A real pioneering front characterizes this region under the effect of the development of vegetable production under glass, which is a transitional production system allowing the extension of perennial agriculture in the form of palm groves. These agricultures are irrigated from underground resources forming an expanding "water territory". The objective of this analysis is the set of determinants of the Saharan neo-agriculture irrigated in transition, explaining the determinants of its territorial extension and leading to a perpetuation. Our thesis revolves around the triple relationship between the actors, the water resource and space. In the first time, we characterize the transient dynamics carried by different arrangements. In a second time, we interrogate the evolution of the groundwater uses according to the observed mutations and the territorial building. Finally, we analyse the various factors that allowed the quest for new lands: water, land but also public infrastructure. Our results first show that the arrangements between actors around transitional agriculture are the drivers of territorial expansion and the socio-professional rise of farmers. Next, we show the importance of understanding the practices and uses of water to assess the water needs of a territory. And finally, the analysis of the progress of a "pioneering fringe" has shown that it resulted from the interweaving of the three main axes namely land, water and infrastructure and that each of these axes combines both state action and private initiative. To conclude, we ask the question of the sustainability of this agriculture in full expansion in a context of fragile resources that is already showing signs of slowing down, weak economic regulation of market gardening production and social vulnerability
Doignon, Yoann. "Le vieillissement démographique en Méditerranée : convergences territoriales et spatiales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3097.
Full textThe demographic transition upsets population balances worldwide. If population growth has been studied by demographers throughout the second half of the 20th century, ageing is an equally significant consequence of this demographic change. Nevertheless, studies demographic and geoprospective are not so many. In order to understand the observed changes, it seems appropriate to look beyond national borders for choose the level of sub-national territories. We study the future of Mediterranean societies' ageing in its dynamic dimension. The Mediterranean is an interesting laboratory because we found a great plurality of situations. To reach our goal, several challenges had to be overcome regarding the collection of data, their harmonization, their projection and analysis. For the whole Mediterranean area, we have collected and harmonized geo-demographic data to sub-national scales from many disparate sources. They were then used to establish future scenarios and projections for the next 50 years. Finally, we had to adapt methods from other disciplines (especially econometrics) to establish convergence of measures. We even propose news methods to answer our questions. The Ph.D. highlights the diversity of convergence proccess involved in the ageing populations of the Mediterranean. Territorial convergence and spatial convergence are taking part in the approximation of the regions' characteristics in terms of ageing. All the different scenarios analyzed describe future that highlight the global convergence of ageing but also remind that the observed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the phenomenon should last a long time and could strengthen locally
Hardy, David A. "The Nevada Territorial Supreme Court| A Transitional Influence From Frontier Lawlessness to Statehood." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3707834.
Full textNevada statehood was a bi-lateral event that required approval from both the federal government and the territorial residents. It has been extensively studied from a federal perspective, but no scholar has fully considered how the territorial judiciary influenced the residents’ approval of statehood. The judiciary’s role is particularly relevant when explaining why territorial residents rejected statehood by a four-to-one margin only to authorize statehood a mere eight months later by an eight-to-one margin.
This paper will demonstrate the Nevada Territorial Supreme Court (NTSC) is an unrecognized but powerful influence in the statehood vote of September 1864. It begins with an examination of judicial systems in the Nevada area under the Utah Territory. It next examines the challenges of a remote, spiritual authority when profound mineral wealth was discovered during the spring of 1859, and suggests the absence of legal order and judicial normalcy compelled the creation of the Nevada Territory.
The NTSC exploded into existence in 1861 but then imploded under the weight of its own work during the summer of 1864. Great fortunes were in dispute and the three territorial judges were unable to manage the voluminous litigation. (In 1864, more than 400 lawsuits were on file in Storey County but only three were tried to a jury—and only one trial resulted in a jury verdict). Judicial processes became corrupted and productive mining and related capital infusions came to a halt. After a protracted battle between the newspapers, and a growing chorus of public discontent, the embattled judges resigned from office a mere 16 days before residents voted on statehood. Thus, voters knew the alternatives well: a rejection of statehood would maintain an impotent judiciary and perpetuate the mining recession, whereas the approval of statehood would result in popularly elected judges who were accountable to the citizens they served.
This paper examines the details of the first and second constitutional conventions through a judicial lens, the primitive judicial system in place during territorial years, and the role of the press in fomenting public discontent with the courts. This paper also examines the decisional work of the NTSC, which has never been published or otherwise folded into the historical record of Nevada. While some court records exist at the Nevada State Archives, the court’s official opinions have been lost. Based upon extensive research into the newspapers of the time, this paper includes a significant portion of the NTSC’s decisional history. Finally, this paper introduces the judicial personalities and suggests, contrary to other scholarship, that systemic corruption is more easily alleged than proven.
Correa, Rojas Lida Cenaida. "Metropolitan Rurality in the Aburá Valley: Analysis of the Emergent Transitions Related to the Territorial Planning Processes." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119926.
Full textLa investigación está centrada en la comprensión de la ruralidad metropolitana del valle de Aburrá (departamento de Antioquia – Colombia) para identificar y definir sus características más significativas a partir del análisis de los procesos de ordenamiento territorial y de las transformaciones que se presentan en el territorio relacionadas con los mismos.Una premisa de investigación está dada por los procesos planificación y ordenamiento territorial iniciados a finales de la década de 1990 que han incidido en las dinámicas urbano-rurales y han contribuido a la generación de transformaciones en las periferias de los núcleos urbanos del valle de Aburrá y, por consiguiente, en los entornos rurales inmediatos. Estos procesos han limitado la visión y definición del territorio rural metropolitano a su contraposición con lo urbano. Se pretende esclarecer qué está ocurriendo en estos territorios, qué cambios se están dando en su composición natural y en sus dinámicas económicas y productivas y cuál es la relación de estos cambios con los procesos de ordenamiento territorial. Como caso de estudio se eligen tres lugares del área metropolitana del valle de Aburrá: al norte el municipio de Barbosa; al sur, el municipio de Caldas; y en el centro el corregimiento de San Sebastián de Palmitas en Medellín. El proceso de recorridos de campo y realización de entrevistas ha permitido identificar diferencias importantes en los tres territorios analizados, a pesar de pertenecer al mismo contexto metropolitano. Se logran identificar tendencias mayores de transformación en los extremos del valle (Barbosa y Caldas) mientras que en el centro se encuentra un enclave rural con transformaciones dadas pero que conserva aún muchas de sus características de ruralidad tradicional identificables en los modos de producción y en las expectativas y sentires de la población. Estos hallazgos empiezan a dar cuenta de unas gradaciones de ruralidad, un relacionamiento diferenciado con el territorio e impactos particulares de los procesos de ordenamiento territorialen las tres zonas.
Mat, Nicolas. "Dynamiques de transition dans les territoires portuaires : apport de l’écologie industrielle et territoriale aux processus d’adaptation vers une société bas-carbone." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0799/document.
Full textOne of the major issues facing our industrialized societies is the energy transition, which induces major industrial and social transformations. Port and harbor areas, which are strategic places concerning import and transformation of fossil fuels, concentrate these industrial challenges, dealing with mitigation of emissions of greenhouse gases and diversification of energy mix. By mobilizing the theoretical frameworks of industrial ecology and complexity, this PhD work aims to better understand and characterize current adaptation process developed within these territories. In this work, we consider the industrial, urban and agricultural subsystems present in a port area. When doing this, the port area is proving to be a formidable field of experimentation of new practices based on greater cooperation between players at the crossroads between a global circular economy and a local industrial ecology. Starting from an international feedback which enabled the identification of different territorial organization models, this research then compared the socio-ecological evolution of three European and Asian port areas. If the dynamics of metropolisation seem to appear as a constant in most of these large coastal areas, it also contributes to the whole complexity of the port territorial matrix. Indeed, new organizational approaches now complement technological developments. In the third part, the study of the port area of Marseille-Fos has enabled to highlight a phenomenon of functional interactions operated within the territory for the benefit of its gradual transition to a low-carbon society
Crequis, Anne. "Les dynamiques territoriales dans la transition : l'impact des privatisations sur les régions polonaises." Artois, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ARTO0101.
Full textThe concentration of new service-sector activities in national metropolises, combined with a relative immobilism of industry accounts for why the traditional picture of Poland's space imbalance has lived on after more than ten years in transition, in spite of structural changes. Agricultural areas have not achieved positive redevelopment through the process of privatization. If these regions present some economic assets for investors, they cannot face the competition from areas with strong economic dynamism which benefit from a highly developed infrastructure, an entrepreneurial environment and an efficient education system. Lastly, the monopolistic pressures from the traditional manufacturing sector have been reduced in southern areas owing to a significant rise in the service sector. Poland still has an east-west cleavage with the agricultural sector acting as an economic brake and the services sector being a factor of economic growth. In the final analysis, Poland epitomises a mixed structure, within which there is little interaction between the modern sector and the post-Socialist sector. That gives rise to a setting in which international relations play a major role compared to the unsteady dynamics of today's regions and cities. The implementation of the preparation to joining the EU may accentuate further that extrovert aspect of the reorganisation of spaces. It raises the issue of the future of areas which are already poorly integrated in their own countries, and which are likely to be marginalized in the European zone
Passaro, Alessandro. "Sustainability transformation of agri-food systems: spaces of governance and coordination for territorial scaling. An empirical analysis in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/340535.
Full textRogeau, Antoine. "Vers une approche intégrée d’aide à la planification énergétique territoriale : application à la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM014.
Full textThe French residential and tertiary sectors account for about 45% of energy consumption and 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, constituting a large savings potential which is relatively easy to mobilise in comparison with other sectors such as transport or industry. This thesis develops a decision-aiding method for territories stakeholders willing to implement building energy retrofit measures. This method relies on a building stock modeling based on the enrichment of heterogeneous databases available to local decision-makers. An optimization problem of energy renovation measures activates levers at the building-level over the territory, turning dimensionality into a key issue this work. A meta-model of building heating energy consumption, adapted to this context, is constructed from a dynamic urban model. A dedicated characterisation of both thermal retrofit and energy systems is conducted, basing solutions on observations of the current French building context. Both modeling and optimization methods are finally applied to real territories, and used to conduct studies related to the energy transition context
Chabrol, Maximin. "Energie, territoire et Path dependence : enjeux spaciaux et territoriaux d'une déclinaison régionale de la transition énergétique en Provenc-Alpes-Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1167/document.
Full textThe energy transition is a society project that imposes a sustainable energy model marking the shift from an energy economy based largely on fossil fuels to a more efficient economy based on an energy mix ensuring a level of economic performance at least equivalent to the actual situation today, the low-carbon economy. While in the past, energy transitions were integrated processes to the general evolution of societies by technological advances, today's energy transition is a process clearly committed to the initiative of the authorities, especially in Europe. This energy change involves the adaptation of territories to less energy-intensive modes and to develop renewable energy production. This thesis has a dual geographical questioning. Which, for the space organization and functioning of the territories, the implications of this energy change? What are the influences and roles of the spatial organization and territories on the energy change? The energy transition is here seen as a basically geographical process that involves the questioning of current spatial patterns of economic and social activity, and which can thus examine how space and territory meet it, adapt to it, forcing it or accelerating it. This thesis captures more precisely the issues of a regional version of the energy transition by revealing the spatial and territorial constraints that frame and determine. Building on the work of spatial analysis and data processing, spatial and territorial dimensions of the concept of Path dependence are developed as part of a regional analysis in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Three areas of the spatial dimension of the energy transition as an element of Path dependence are studied: the influence of spatial structures and place dependence or material lock-in, territorialization and uneven sustainable development or territorial lock-in, and the weight of inherited socio-spatial structures or socio-spatial lock-in. The energy transition is not only an economic and political issue, and space is not only a spatial differentiation factor in this process. The geographical space also acquired its principles of evolution that involve logic of Path dependence. The complexity of the energy transition is in the spatial and territorial complexity that surrounds and determines the organization of humanity into space
Gerome, Camille. "Les initiatives de transition comme facteur de développement des capacités territoriales d'adaptation aux effets des changements climatiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV026/document.
Full textTo respond to social issues of adaptation to the effects of climate change, this thesis contributes to the understanding of adaptation capacity development processes. The main subject is the spontaneous transitional citizens dynamics. It is about a group of citizens wishing act locally for the development of their territory in a coherent way around shared values.This thesis helps to demonstrate the emergence and the development of innovative social practices. This is comparable to social innovations in transition arenas who reproduce characteristics of niches: protected and restricted space encouraging incubation. These social innovations, fostered by networking, cohesion and the sharing of values, contribute to the development of adaptability through a desire for transmission and a global dynamic of inclusion.Concretely, this study focuses on two transition initiatives similar in their intentions and different in their history. They participate in considering a new dynamic of society that is both spontaneous, autonomous and inclusive.By positioning itself neither "against" the territory and its institutions, nor "without" them, these transition initiatives represent remarkable alternatives to lead to more cooperative societies and more able to adapt to the effects of climate change
Darson, Alice. "Transition énergétique et transition juridique : le développement des énergies de sources renouvelables en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0095/document.
Full textThe way to an energy transition will be reached with an integration of renewable energies inour energy mix. This development includes a legal transition because the current legal context that appliesto green energies is not efficient and does not contribute to this emergency. Changing the legal framebecomes a necessity and particularly the way these energies are governed, planned and supported. It’salso important that administrative procedures that regulate the implantation of energies productionsystem are set. At last, this legal transition will have to conciliate imperatives linked to the development ofrenewable energies with those governing the protection of surroundings, all aiming to a sustainabledevelopment
Кончук, Н. С., and N. S. Konchuk. "Кримінальна відповідальність за державну зраду: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2019. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/3512.
Full textДисертація є першим в Україні комплексним кримінально-правовим дослідженням державної зради, що дало змогу отримати певні науковотеоретичні результати, вагомі і для науки, і для діяльності правозастосовних органів, а також для вдосконалення відповідних положень чинного кримінального законодавства України. На підставі отриманих результатів доведено необхідність диференціювати кримінальну відповідальність за державну зраду з урахуванням виду суб’єкта цього злочину та встановити відповідальність військовослужбовців та службових осіб, які займають особливо відповідальне становище, у кваліфікованому складі злочину. Констатовано, що кримінальній відповідальності за державну зраду повинні підлягати також особи, які мають громадянство України та приналежність до громадянства іншої держави (інших держав) одночасно. Обґрунтовано, що суб’єкт вчинення державної зради способом переходу на бік ворога може бути лише спеціальноконкретним (якому, крім загальних і спеціальних ознак, на момент вчинення суспільно небезпечного діяння, притаманні додаткові конкретно-визначені ознаки), оскільки перейти з однієї сторони («своєї») на ворожу може той, хто належить до воюючої сторони, є супротивником на війні, у воєнних діях. З’ясовано стан теоретичного дослідження кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду. Короткий огляд кримінально-правової літератури засвідчив, що кримінальна відповідальність за державну зраду нині ще не достатньо вивчена. Досліджено історію розвитку кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду в пам’ятках українського кримінального права. Відтак встановлено, що проблема кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду була актуальною одвіку. Але законодавча регламентація відображає рівень юридичної техніки. Тому відповідна спеціальна норма відображається у законодавстві з часів раннього середньовіччя. Окреслено закономірності у розвитку кримінальноправової регламентації: поява «нових» способів державної зради та їх деталізація; утвердження принципу колективної відповідальності, за яким покаранню підлягали усі члени сім’ї зрадника. Проаналізовано зарубіжний досвід регламентації кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду. Визначено низку спільних ознак кримінального законодавства зарубіжних держав із КК України (передбачення спеціального виду звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності; відсутність кваліфікуючих ознак державної зради) та відмінних (передбачення у законодавці КК зарубіжних держав діянь, що охоплюються поняттям державної зради, які не вказані у КК України; сувора міра покарання за державну зраду; наявність інших умов звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду). Визначено об’єкт і предмет складу злочину «державна зрада». Констатовано, що злочин, передбачений ст. 111 КК України, враховуючи його безпосередній об’єкт, необхідно віднести до так званих «багатооб’єктних» злочинів, які одночасно заподіюють шкоду декільком групам суспільних відносин, які є альтернативними та цілком самостійними об’єктами відповідного складу злочину. Предметом складу злочину «державна зрада» є відомості, що становлять державну таємницю, які чітко визначені у сферах, в яких вона може існувати (у сфері оборони; економіки, науки і техніки; зовнішніх відносин, у сфері державної безпеки й охорони правопорядку). Відтак, якщо громадянин України, який передав іноземній державі, іноземній організації чи їхнім представникам інформацію, яка не відповідає будь-якій із ознак державної таємниці, то такі дії не підлягають кримінальній відповідальності за державну зраду, вчинену способом шпигунства. Проаналізовано особливості об’єктивної сторони складу злочину «державна зрада». Він описаний як формальний склад злочину, що свідчить про те, що обов’язковою ознакою об’єктивної сторони є лише суспільно небезпечне діяння. Констатовано, що перехід на бік ворога та шпигунство можуть бути вчинені і шляхом дії, і бездіяльності; і за попередньою пропозицією представника іноземної держави, і з власної ініціативи громадянина України. Державна зрада, вчинена способом надання іноземній державі, іноземній організації або їхнім представникам допомоги у проведенні підривної діяльності проти України, вчиняється шляхом як активних, так і пасивних дій. Встановлено, що суб’єкт державної зради є спеціальним. Державну зраду може вчинити фактично кожна особа, котра наділена загальними (фізична, осудна чи обмежено осудна особа, яка досягла шістнадцятирічного віку) та спеціальною (наявність громадянства України) ознаками суб’єкта складу злочину, – від Президента України до пересічної людини. Наявність громадянства іншої держави не означає, що особа автоматично втрачає громадянство України, оскільки існує відповідна процедура припинення громадянства України. Однак норми про втрату громадянства складно застосовувати на практиці, зважаючи на відсутність механізму підтвердження отримання іноземного громадянства, оскільки часто трапляються випадки, коли інша держава не визнає за обов’язок повідомляти Україну про надання свого громадянства тій чи іншій особі. Встановлено особливості суб’єктивної сторони складу злочину «державна зрада». Зокрема, констатовано, що державна зрада вчиняється виключно з прямим умислом, оскільки відповідний злочин описаний як такий, що має формальний склад. Прямий умисел також випливає з його мети – спричинити шкоду суверенітетові, територіальній цілісності та недоторканності, обороноздатності, державній, економічній чи інформаційній безпеці України. Визначено групи суміжних складів злочинів (ст.ст. 114, 231, 232, 232-1, 328, 330, 422, 427, 429, 430, 431 КК України) зі злочином «державна зрада», а також наведено їхні спільні й, головне, розмежувальні ознаки. Ключовою розмежувальною ознакою слід визнавати мету вчинення державної зради, зокрема спричинення шкоди суверенітетові, територіальній цілісності та недоторканності, обороноздатності, державній, економічній чи інформаційній безпеці України. Проаналізовано особливості призначення покарання за державну зраду. Встановлено, що щодо осіб, які вчинили державну зраду, можуть застосовуватися такі форми кримінальної відповідальності, як осуд з призначенням та виконанням (відбуванням) покарання, а також осуд з умовним невиконанням (звільненням від відбування) покарання. Водночас кримінальна відповідальність у формі осуду без призначення покарання не може застосовуватись, оскільки це суперечитиме положенням чинного кримінального процесуального законодавства, відповідно до якого у резолютивній частині вироку, у разі визнання особи винуватою, зазначається покарання, призначене за кожним із обвинувачень, що визнані судом доведеними, та остаточна міра покарання, обрана судом. Визначено передумови звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду: перехід на бік ворога в умовах воєнного стану або збройного конфлікту, що має вияв у наданні згоди на таке співробітництво; готування до шпигунства (отримання злочинного завдання і надання згоди на його виконання) та готування до надання допомоги іноземній державі, іноземній організації чи їхнім представникам у проведенні підривної діяльності проти України (отримання злочинного завдання і надання згоди на його виконання), за умови, що ці діяння були вчинені за попереднім завданням іноземної держави. Запропоновано передбачити звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності за державну зраду у таких випадках: 1) якщо громадянин України чи особа, яка має громадянство України та приналежність до громадянства іншої держави (інших держав) одночасно, припинили вчинення дій (бездіяльності), спрямованих на шкоду суверенітетові, територіальній цілісності та недоторканності, обороноздатності, державній, економічній чи інформаційній безпеці України, хоча можливість доведення злочину до кінця існувала; 2) не завдано шкоди національній безпеці України; 3) добровільно повідомлено органи державної влади про вчинене. The thesis is the first comprehensive criminal-law investigation of treason in Ukraine. As a result of the work, certain scientific and theoretical results were obtained which are important not only for science but also for the activity of law enforcement bodies as well as for improving the provisions of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine in this part. On the basis of the results obtained during the research, the necessity to differentiate the criminal liability for the treason, taking into account the type of the subject of the crime, and establish the responsibility of the servicemen and officials who occupy a particularly responsible position, in the qualified composition of the crime, has been proved. It was stated that persons who have the citizenship of Ukraine and at the same time have belonging to another state (other states) should also be subject to criminal liability for state treason. It is substantiated that the subject of the commission of a state treason, the way of passing to the side of the enemy, can only be a special-concrete one (which, in addition to general and special features, at the time of the commission of a socially dangerous act, has additional specific, definite features), since the transition from one side («Its») to the enemy, one who belongs to the belligerent side, is an opponent in the war, in hostilities. The state of theoretical study of the issue of criminal responsibility for state treason was conducted. A brief review of criminal literature has given an opportunity to conclude that the issue of criminal responsibility for state treason is one of those who have not been properly resolved. The history of the development of criminal responsibility for state treason in the monuments of Ukrainian criminal law is researched. The problem of criminal responsibility for state treason was relevant forever. But the legislative framework reflects the level of legal technology. Therefore, the relevant special rule is reflected in the legislation since the early Middle Ages. The following regularities in the development of criminal-legal regulation are revealed: the appearance of «new» methods of treason and their greater detail; assertion of the principle of collective responsibility in accordance with which all family members of the traitor should be punished. The foreign experience of the regulation of criminal responsibility for state treason has been analyzed. A number of common features of the criminal law of foreign countries from the Criminal Code of Ukraine (foreseeing a special type of exemption from criminal liability, lack of qualifying attributes of state treason) and various (foreseeing in the legislator of the Criminal Code of foreign states the acts covered by the concepts of state treason which are not specified in the Criminal Code of Ukraine; strict punishment for state treason; availability of other conditions for exemption from criminal liability for state treason). The object of the crime «State treason» is determined. It is stated that the crime provided for in art. 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, taking into account its direct object, should be attributed to so-called «multi-objective» crimes, which at the same time cause damage to several groups of social relations, which are alternative and completely independent objects of the corresponding crime. The state of treason is the subject of the crime of state treason, which is clearly defined in the areas in which it can exist (in the field of defense, economy, science and technology, external relations, in the field of state security and law and order). Accordingly, if a citizen of Ukraine, who has provided information to a foreign state, a foreign organization or their representatives that does not correspond to any of the signs of state secrets, is not subject to criminal liability for state treason committed in a way of espionage. The peculiarities of the objective side of the crime «State treason» are analyzed. It is described as a formal crime, indicating that the obligatory indication of the objective side is only a socially dangerous act. It was stated that the transition to the enemy's side and espionage can be committed both by action and inaction; on the basis of a previous proposal by a representative of a foreign state, and on his own initiative, a citizen of Ukraine. State treason committed in a way to assist a foreign state, a foreign organization or their representatives in carrying out subversive activities against Ukraine, is committed both through active and passive actions. It is established that the subject of treason is special. In fact, every person who has a general (physical, convicted or limited convicted person under the age of sixteen) and a special (presence of citizenship of Ukraine) of a crime subject, starting from the President of Ukraine and ending with ordinary residents, can actually commit treason. The presence of the citizenship of another state does not mean that a person automatically loses Ukrainian citizenship, as there is an appropriate procedure for termination of citizenship of Ukraine. However, the rules on the loss of citizenship are difficult to apply in practice, in the absence of a mechanism for confirming the receipt of foreign citizenship, since there are often cases where another state does not recognize its obligation to inform Ukraine of granting its citizenship to one or another person. The peculiarities of the subjective part of the crime «State treason», committed solely with direct intent, are investigated, since the corresponding crime is described as having a formal composition. Direct intent is also followed from its purpose – to cause damage to sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability, defense capability, state, economic or informational security of Ukraine. Groups of adjacent syllables of crimes are identified (Article 114, Article 231, Article 232, Article 222-1, Article 338, Art.330, Art. 422, Art.427, Art.429 Art.430 Art.431 of the CC of Ukraine) with the crime of treason as well as their general and, most importantly, demarcation features. A key distinguishing feature should be the purpose of committing state betrayal, and in particular, causing damage to sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability, defense capability, state, economic or informational security of Ukraine. Peculiarities of punishment for state treason are analyzed. It has been established that, in relation to persons who committed treason, there may be forms of criminal liability in the form of condemnation with the appointment and execution (serving) of the punishment, as well as the condemnation of conditional non-execution (release from serving) of the punishment. Regarding criminal liability in the form of a condemnation without a punishment, it can not be applied as it would be contrary to the provisions of the current criminal procedural law, in accordance with which, in the operative part of the sentence, if the person is found guilty, the punishment imposed on each of the charges is indicated, which has been certified by the court, and the final measure of punishment chosen by the court. The preconditions for the release from criminal responsibility for state betrayal are defined: the transition to the enemy's side in conditions of martial law or armed conflict is expressed in giving consent to such cooperation; preparation for espionage (receiving a criminal assignment and giving consent to its execution) as well as preparation to render assistance to a foreign state, foreign organization or their representatives in conducting subversive activities against Ukraine (receiving a criminal offense and granting consent to its execution), provided that these acts were committed on the basis of a preliminary task of a foreign state. A release from criminal liability for treason against the state is proposed to be provided in the following cases: 1) if a citizen of Ukraine or a person having simultaneously the citizenship of Ukraine and the citizenship of another state (other states), have ceased the commission of actions (omission to act) aimed at harming the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability, defense capability, state, economic or information security of Ukraine, although the possibility of the crime consummation existed; 2) the national security of Ukraine is not harmed; 3) the state authorities are voluntarily informed of the committed crime.
Garcia, Romain. "L'implantation des parcs éoliens et l'acceptabilité des installations par la population : Le cas des communes rurales du Centre-Ouest de la France (Indre, Vienne, Haute-Vienne)." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE1174.
Full textWind development start in France in the 2000s, under the various European directives. The targets set for 2030 are to achieve 32% renewable energy at the final energy consumption. Nevertheless, the conflicts of use related to the implantation of the one more mature RE, the wind, hinders the development of this energy. Acceptability is a crucial issue for achieving the objectives set at European level, and for providing rural areas supporting this energy with additional economic benefits. As part of the research, we were interested to wind projects located in Civraisien (Vienne), Champagne Berrichonne (Indre) and Basse Marche (Haute-Vienne). The study of these wind projects has made it possible to establish the factors acceptability, and to propose recommendations for the holders of this energy. Thus, the realization of a territorial project, integrating the expectations of the citizens and the territorial characteristics of the support communes are essential elements in the acceptability of these projects
Humbert, Marion. "La concertation entre personnes publiques. Recherche appliquée à la construction des actions publiques de transition énergétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU2159.
Full textThe State and local authorities play a crucial role in the success of the energy transition. Their competences are supposed complementary. However, the energy transition is struggling to succeed. Furthermore, State's choices to achieve it quickly - taken in a context of energy emergency - have a direct impact on local authorities, which are finding it difficult to implement the energy transition. Within this context, discussion between public authorities should take place. Indeed, local authorities regularly emphasize their “need for the State” as well as their need to discuss with the State for the implementation of public actions for the energy transition. The law yet offers multitude possibilities, including “discussion” between public authorities, to involve local authorities in the construction of public action for energy transition. However, these “discussion” do not have a legal definition and struggle to materialize. Analyzing the “discussions” between public authorities, from a legal perspective, then leads to questioning how the governance of the energy transition in a particular context, to achieve it
Georgeault, Laurent. "Le potentiel d'écologie industrielle en France : approche territoriale et éléments de réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010641.
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COLLI, ELENA. "Towards a sustainable mobility transition? A cohort approach for Millennials and Baby Boomers in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/315630.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to understand if and how the Millennial generation is contributing to a transition towards more sustainable travel behaviours in Europe. The study uses a comparative approach on a cohort and territorial basis. On one hand it analyses the differences between the Millennials, which are experiencing a general decrease in car use/ownership if compared with previous cohorts, and the Baby Boomers, which are seen to be highly car-dependent – even after retirement. On the other hand, it considers the territorial differences among EU clusters of countries and degrees of urbanisation. The methods include secondary analysis of EU-wide datasets with descriptive and geographic analysis and logistic regression on socio-demographic characteristics and modal choice, plus a series of focus group sessions across the Italian territory. According with the results, it is confirmed that Millennials have less polluting habits than their predecessors: less car use/ownership, less probability of being car users independently from context/status, higher degree of urbanisation. Nonetheless, in recent years this trend is experiencing a change of direction, with a general rise in car use/ownership and declining urbanisation, with different paces and schemes amongst clusters of countries and territorial contexts. The main results suggest that i) with the improvement of their individual status and general European economic recovery, Millennials’ car use tends to rise; ii) the pace and extent of this rise is highly dependent on the regional and territorial context, with a substantial incidence of Eastern and PIIGS countries and of the ones living in suburban contexts., resulting in an overall rise in car use in Europe. Indeed, the regression analysis, together with the qualitative study, showed that what really makes the difference in choosing or not the car as the main mode is not much the fact of belonging to a cohort, but the residential location (both urban/rural and regional cultural/economic context), and the “status” (income level; being a student). Millennials are now more urban and still in education, but in many of them persists the idea of a future in less urban areas, and/or an inevitable automobility once they are out of the student-period. Though, the study highlights the importance of the relationship between the two cohorts, drawing attention on the peculiarities of Millennials (more formative experiences of car-less life abroad/in different cities; more pragmatic yet conflictual relationship with the car), but also on them as heirs to the Baby Boomers’ choices and systems of values and habits (suburban way of life as a legacy). The study demonstrates the power of the cohort effect (set of values, education, growing up context) in shaping car (in)dependent people; showing as well that car dependency cannot be overcome without working on places. It finally offers a scheme of car (in)dependency to guide policy actions to make both people and places less car dependent in the long term.
Steen, Eveline J. van der. "Tribes and territories in transition : the central East Jordan valley in the late Bronze age and early Iron ages : a study of the sources /." Leuven : Peeters, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41032833w.
Full textLEONARDI, MARIA. "Un viaggio nella Pedemontana Padana in transizione: verso nuovi metabolismi produttivi." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/301307.
Full textBrunat, Éric. "Émergence régionale et dynamique territoriale : essai sur la transformation des économies de type soviétique à partir des exemples russe et polonais." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21013.
Full textThe research is devoted to the economic, political and social transformation of soviet type system. The study is illustrated by the economy of ussr, model of the economic system of priorities -esp-, russia and poland in the recent period of transformation. The regional roots of the final crisis of esp is the main hypothesis. The centralisation, the sectoral and functionnal approach of the territory have generated a regional backwardness in the capacity of producing specific and diversified norms for the dynamics of the economic development. The analysis closely links the notion of economic complexity, the economic development, the territory as an entity producing norms and vector of the economic transformation of the post-soviet economies. The new theories of the local and regional development, the theory of transactiion costs and organization, the meso and micro economic approach, the definition of the local russian economic and social community, the local dynamics for new activities in poland, found a new socio-economic vision of the transitionnal period
Mazel, Ivan. "Habitation écologique et dispersion bâtie : les « habitats alternatifs » comme expérimentations pour des transitions socioécologiques en territoires de moyenne montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH025/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the mutations of housing in the context of socio-ecological transitions. These society change processes aim to reduce ecological footprint and are initiated in niches by marginal changes. This work addresses the transformations in the margins of habitat production and it focuses of bottom-up initiatives driven by the inhabitants who set up self-promotion housing or that are involved in public authorities’ projects. The studied alternative housing projects are located in urbanization margins, in mid mountains rural areas. Indeed, in these territories, new ruralities have emerged based on the arrival of new residents supported by non-profit organization and promoted by local government policies and Parcs naturels régionaux. In this work, I thus question the organization of ecological housing in rural areas in the context of the socio-ecological transitions.The general hypothesis of this research is the following one: the alternative housing projects experiment ecological housing in mid mountain rural areas. I propose to test this hypothesis with a global approach to alternative housing projects in order to understand the ecological housing system organization. First, I analyze the relationship between actors in the project process and the use of material, energy and water resources in the construction and operation of these habitats. I then explore the deployment of the ways of living in the organization of the habitat and in the local space through the mobilities. Addressing different types of alternative housing, ecocommunity, rural cohousing and ecological estate, first allows to analyze the rural planning changes from inhabitants’ initiatives. In this way, I highlight the links between individual projects, support program of non-profit organizations and incentivizing public policies. Then, in the context of habitat production margins, I examine the contribution of alternative housing projects to the ecological housing of dispersedly built areas. I show the importance of collective strategies to allow a sober lifestyles, a use of local resources and mutualisation of space and goods. This work brings to light an ecological housing of dispersedly built areas between based on local autonomy and integration within physical and virtual networks
García, Moreno Alejandro. "Patrones de asentamiento y ocupación del territorio en el Cantábrico oriental al final del Pleistoceno. Una aproximación mediante SIG." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10612.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the analysis of preferences in the choice of settlement sites by the hunter-gatherers of Final Pleistocene - Holocene transition (i.e., Magdalenian and Azilian) from eastern Cantabrian coast. More specifically, the location of a number of sites is analyzed by calculating different characteristics and variables, to try to identify a specific pattern or patterns in the type of sites selected by human communities to bring their places of habitat, to differentiate different types of settlements based on their location, and whether a change in preferences in the selection of places of employment with respect to earlier periods. To perform these tests, a Geographic Information System is used to calculate the variables considered.
Silva, Marcia Alessandra Cavalaro Pereira da. "Avaliação dos plexos mioentericos e do transito intestinal em ratos submetidos a lesão por isquemia e reperfusão do territorio da arteria mesenterica superior." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309875.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Alterações histológicas precoces causadas por enterocolite necrosante já foram exaustivamente estudadas em modelos animais. No entanto, poucas informações sobre os efeitos tardios da doença sobre a motilidade intestinal podem ser encontradas na literatura atual. No presente estudo, trinta e dois ratos Wistar machos recém-desmamados pesando entre 58 e 103 gramas foram distribuídos ao acaso em quatro grupos: Controle (não operados), Sham (laparotomia), Isquemia por 30 minutos (laparotomia e isquemia da artéria mesentérica superior por 30 minutos) e Isquemia por 45 minutos (laparotomia e isquemia da artéria mesentérica superior por 45 minutos). A motilidade intestinal no período pós-operatório foi medida indiretamente através da medida do peso seco do total de fezes obtidas em 24 horas nos 3°, 7°, 14° e 210 dias após a cirurgia. Segmentos de duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram examinados à microscopia de luz para observação de alterações ocorridas nos plexos mioentéricos. Três semanas após a isquemia, os neurômos dos plexos mioentéricos apresentaram vacuolização citoplasmática, e seus núcleos apresentaram irregularidade no f:Ontomo e sinais degenerativos. Houve mudanças significativas na motilidade intestinal nos animais submetidos a 45 minutos de isquemia mesentérica, mas essas mudanças não provocaram alterações significativas no crescimento final dos animais. Os resultados sugerem que o processo de isquemia-reperfusão intestinal causa danos aos neurômos dos plexos mioentéricos. Nas condições referidas no presente estudo, essas mudanças foram suficientes para induzir alterações na motilidade, mas isso não afetou a função intestinal
Abstract: Background/Purpose: Early histological changes induced by necrotizing enterocolitis have been extensively studied using animal models. However, infonnation regarding late effects on intestinal motility are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the late effects of ischemia-reperfusion on myenteric pIexus histology and intestinal motility.Materiais and Methods: Thirty-two post-weaning male mice weighing between 58 and l03g were divided randomly into 4 groups: Control (unoperated), Sbam(celiotomy), 30 min Ischemia(celiotomy and superior mesenteric artery ischemia for 30 minutes) and 45 min Ischemia(celiotomy and superior mesenteric artery ischemia for 45 minutes). Postoperative intestinal motility was assessed by weighing total fecal output over 24 hours on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21 st day afier surgery. Segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were examined at light microscopy for changes in the myenteric plexus.Results: At three weeks afier ischemia, the myenteric neurons appeared, in light microscopy, spongy or foamy, containing many vacuoIes in their cytoplasm. The neuronal nucIeus became irregular, with degenerative signs. There were significantly changes in intestinal motility in the animals groups submitted to intestinal ischemia, but thest: changes did not affect the animal overall growth.Conclusions: The results suggest that intestinal ischemia-reperfusion causes late neuronal damage. Within that conditions of the present study, these changes were sufficient to induce alterations in intestinal motility, but this did not affect intestinal function
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
Rit, Martin. "Évaluation du potentiel de rénovation énergétique d'un territoire dans le cadre de démarches de massification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM009.
Full textResearch efforts must focus on resolving energy issues on a global scale, with the aim of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate the impact of climate change. In 2020, the building sector in France was responsible for around 45% of final energy consumption and 19% of greenhouse gas emissions, representing amajor source of savings.This thesis explores the energy renovation of the French residential building stock, focusing on the evaluation of territorial strategies through modelling and optimisation.With this in mind, the work involves (1) characterising and simulating the French building stock using data and an Open Source energy simulation model, (2) calibrating this model on actual electricity and gas consumption for the whole of France, (3) optimising energy renovation trajectories by activating levers at the level of each building in the territory and (4) applying this model to a stock of several tens of thousands of buildings using clustering algorithms. An analysis of the combinatorics of the optimisation problem is carried out, placing the question of the dimensionality of the renovation solutions, the temporal granularity of the optimisation and the number of constraints at the heart of this work.The method developed in this work was applied to discuss the relevance of climate plans defined in various French conurbations for achieving the National Low Carbon Strategy in 2050. The results of this study provided a quantified assessment of the investments required and the public subsidies to be granted in these major cities, as well as a timetable for carrying out the renovation work according to the different types of building. This thesis proposes a decision-making tool that can be used for a large number of buildings (several thousand), regardless of their geographical location in France, and with a replicable and transparent method
Nouwadjro, Coffi Fiacre Fortuné. "La transition foncière au Bénin : entre résilience et adaptation du foncier traditionnel dans les espaces urbains, périurbains et ruraux. Cas des communes de Porto-Novo, Avrankou et Bonou au Sud-Bénin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BRES0055.
Full textThe issue of land access is at the heart of contemporary issues, and determines the nature of the relationships that people have with their society, as well as the future of the land. In traditional African societies, particularly in southern Benin, Vodoun culture is at the origin of the way land is organized and managed. The modern land management system introduced by colonization and taken over by the State of Dahomey and then the Republic of Benin, has fostered the emergence of mixed land tenure. Through a qualitative and anthropological research approach based on social cohesion as a model of analysis, the major trends that contribute to the survival of traditional land tenure have been highlighted in different territories of the Ouémé department. Bonou (rural area), Avrankou (peri-urban area) and Porto-Novo (urban area) were used as study sites. In a context of decentralization, where these communes and those surrounding them are struggling to meet the challenge of territorial development, the creation of the metropolis of Porto-Novo is seen as an opportunity to promote mixed land tenure as a mechanism for resilience in the cultural and sacred identity of the territories involved
Chagas, Paraboa Clara. "La relation ville-école-société : Expériences participatives autour de projets locaux : Croisement de regards entre Florianopolis (Brésil) et Saint-Fons (France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20095.
Full textThis thesis, rooted in urban anthropology and urban practices, focuses particularly on the process democratic participation in urban development projects. Indeed, urban development leads to significant consequences throughout the city's territory, causing tensions and repercussions both on the environment and on local social dynamics. The public school, as an architectural element and public facility dedicated to cultural education and the transmission of scientifically validated knowledge, is inevitably affected by these projects, themselves influenced by contemporary urban planning norms. My professional and personal experiences, rooted in the school context, enabled me to engage in urban renewal projects from 2010 to 2015. I conducted an ethnographic investigation into specific participation scenarios in the neighborhoods of Armação in Florianópolis, Brazil, and Carnot-Parmentier in Saint-Fons, in the metropolis of Lyon, and carried out an analysis of territorial development projects. In a reflexive approach and within a research-action perspective, I engaged in pedagogical initiatives that, through a multi-situated comparative study, enabled me to follow different actors in urban policy, residents, school professionals, and students. I analyzed institutional dynamics as well as the processes experienced by social actors involved in urban changes, while examining my own trajectory and commitment. Despite the emergence of democratic participation in our societies, I have observed that in the studied projects, this practice remains marginal. I have observed that this practice remains marginal in our societies, and that experiences lived, perceived, and conceived influenced by memory, by politico-administrative processes, as well as by sciences are scarcely considered in this participatory process. Participatory school experiences observed on the ground have been perceived as relational emancipatory practices, both individual and collective. Schools, influenced by epistemological and methodological elements, can become crucial local actors in the transgenerational construction of responses to challenges related to gentrification, the environment, development, as well as culture and urban social policies. However, educational and territorial public policies, influenced by political-administrative and scientific processes, appear to be very poorly connected. In this sense, considering the systemic aspect of participatory experience is of increasing importance for the sustainable development of cities and the promotion of the integral fulfillment of citizens
Sissoko, M'baha Moussa. "Les obstacles sociopolitiques à la décentralisation au Mali (1991-2017) : études de cas auprès des Régions de Tombouctou et Koulikoro dans le cadre de leurs partenariats respectivement avec la Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes et la Coopération technique belge." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2018.
Full textThis thesis provides a documented analysis of Malian decentralization through the prism of partnerships between the regions of Timbuktu and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, and between the Koulikoro Region and the Belgian Technical Cooperation. The thesis utilises Policy Transfer Studies (PTS) and the cognitive and normative approach toward public policies. It begins with a concise analysis regarding the history of the decentralization reform, implemented alongside the genesis of the Malian State (1960). After the political transition in Mali that began at the end of March 1991, the implementation of decentralization became crucial for the future of the country, especially with respect to the Tuareg rebellion. After more than two decades and in spite of some significant gains, however, this reform still faces various obstacles, which are explored throughout. This thesis then turns toward the projects supporting decentralization in the Timbuktu and Koulikoro Regions, particularly those founded in their respective partnerships. Special emphasis will be placed on the relevance of the support provided, their alignment with the national decentralization policy, and in addition the difficulties of ownership, which hinder the transfer of the "local development" models promoted by the technical and financial partners. This thesis demonstrates that, due to the lack of sufficient financial resources allocated by the Malian government to decentralization reform, this one is in fact in a situation of almost total dependence on international financial and technical assistance. In addition, this project illustrates that the Malian government's new financial commitment to transfer 30% of public revenue to local authorities for 2018 does not give local authorities enough leeway. Finally, this thesis concludes with an analytical overview of the diagnosis relating to the obstacles to decentralization in Mali as a whole, and provides a number of recommendations to help overcome these obstacles