Journal articles on the topic 'Territorial markers'
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1
Nazukina, M. "Ergonyms as markers of Perm territorial identities." Perm Scientific Center Journal 12, no. 2 (2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7242/2658-705x/2019.2.7.
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Patton, Mark. "Megalithic transport and territorial markers: evidence from the Channel Islands." Antiquity 66, no. 251 (June 1992): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081503.
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Evidence from the Channel Islands supports the view that long-distance transport of megaliths in the European Neolithic cannot be substantiated. Analysis of the stones at La Hougue Bie, however, shows that megaliths were regularly moved over shorter distances, and suggests that the distribution of megalithic sites within a region cannot be explained simply as a function of the availability of building materials. This view modifies the purely materialistic conclusions of Thorpe & Williams-Thorpe in their recent demolition of the Stonehenge bluestones myth (ANTIQUITY 65: 64–73).
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Volkhin, Denis, Igor Voronin, Alexandra Shvets, and Andrey Yakovlev. "The experience of mapping socio-cultural boundaries in Crimea." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-228-241.
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The article deals with the essence of socio-cultural boundaries in a multiethnic region. Socio-cultural boundaries are presented by the authors as a marker of the mental unique character of the territory for those who live within it, and a likely source of interethnic tensions. In the conditions of the multiethnic region of Crimea, the probability of the existence of socio-cultural boundaries coincides with the nature of its administrative-territorial structure that arose after 2014. On the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, there appeared two subjects of administrative and territorial administration of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Crimea and the Federal city of Sevastopol. Similar bicentric division of Crimea existed during the period of the Ukrainian administrative-territorial ownership of the Peninsula, only the administrative-territorial subjects were called respectively the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Republican subordination Sevastopol. Geographically, both subjects have a common border, which runs through the territories of the Bakhchisarai municipal district of the Republic of Crimea, as well as the lands belonging to the Federal city of Sevastopol. The paper considers the possibility that the residents of the border territories of both subjects of the administrative-territorial structure of Crimea have mental differences in the awareness that they belong to different worlds: the urban one with a special political and geographical status in the case of Sevastopol and the rural — within one of the agrarian municipal territories of the Republic of Crimea. Does the artificially divided mentality mean that the inhabitants of the geographically united Crimean Peninsula have different ways of life, value orientations, and migration mobility? The proof of the existence of mental socio-cultural boundaries has been presented by the authors on the basis of a survey of rural residents living in 12 border villages of the Sevastopol region and the Bakhchisarai municipal district of the Republic of Crimea. The original maps of the results of the survey of rural residents within the Crimean administrative border have been constructed. The cartographic markers to define the values of residents of the border villages have been determined, which allows to establish the degree of manifestation of the socio-cultural boundaries between Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea.
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Chepkina, E. V., and E. A. Kharisova. "The Construction of a Territorial Identity on Urban Television: Language Markers." Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 26, no. 4 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2020.26.4.063.
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The article considers the linguistic aspect of the territorial identity’s construction. The relevance of the study is due to the appeal of the relationship between the meanings that construct the discursive identity in the media and language markers that express these meanings explicitly.
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Brunet, T. C. "Iron Age Iberian Sculptures as Territorial Markers: The Cordoban Example (Andalusia)." European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146195719800100104.
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Brunet, Teresa Chapa. "Iron Age Iberian sculptures as territorial markers: the Córdoban example (Andalusía)." European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 1 (1998): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1998.1.1.71.
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The Iron Age Iberian Culture, centred on the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, is closely connected with other Mediterranean areas. The use of monumental sculpture is one of the parallels we can find with other places, like Greece or Etruria. This has led to the study of Iberian sculptures within the framework of a comparative and diffusionist model. This paper aims to study the Córdoban Pre-Roman sculptures, interpreting them as symbols of power and a reflection of the territorial organization which emerged in this part of Andalusia in the late fifth and early fourth centuries BC. It also suggests that, during this period, sculpture was not used purely for funerary purposes, as it had been in the past, but that it was also beginning to acquire a certain public character, although it continued to be associated with the aristocracy.
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Grams, Diane. "Territorial Markers: A Case Study of the Public Art of Bronzeville." Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 36, no. 3 (October 2006): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jaml.36.3.225-240.
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Khusainova, Alina S., and Darya S. Elmanova. "TERRITORIAL AND ETHNIC EXCLUSION IN THE METROPOLIS OF LYON." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 4(55) (2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2020-4-30-42.
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This study is dedicated to identifying residential areas of the Metropolis of Lyon, which combines territorial and ethnic exclusion. In the framework of this study, territorial exclusion is understood as the territorial isolation of residential areas from the main residential area of the agglomeration due to the presence of various kinds of territorial barriers: water bodies, industrial and commercial areas, parklands, large highways. Ethnic exclusion in this study is understood as a partial exclusion from society (social exclusion) of population groups that are ethnically different from the main part of the population. The share of immigrants in the population of the communes and the share of social housing in the total housing stock of the communes of the Metropolis of Lyon were used as markers of ethnic exclusion. A comparison of territorially isolated residential quarters and data on the share of immigrants and the share of social housing revealed social housing quarters that combine signs of ethnic and territorial exclusion of the population: Mas-du-Taureau in the commune Vaulx-en-Velin in the north-east of the Metropolis of Lyon, Parilly and Terraillon in Bron in the east, Minguettes in Vénissieux in the south of the metropolitan area. During the interview, these social housing complexes were called by experts as the most disadvantaged and criminalized in the Metropolis of Lyon, which confirms the author’s hypothesis about the importance of territorial exclusion in the emergence and development of ethnic exclusion.
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Feldman, Hilary N. "Methods of scent marking in the domestic cat." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-147.
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Carnivores use various scent-marking methods. Semi-feral domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) were observed to use the same means as their wild counterparts. Adult males performed most urine spray marking. Cats scratched tree bark, producing a visual mark, and probably used trees both as markers and for claw sharpening. Most scratching trees were located along frequently used paths rather than along territorial boundaries or scattered randomly throughout a home range. Bark consistency affected the tree species that were scratched, with soft bark preferred. Although deposition of faeces and urine was recorded, there was no clear evidence for their use as territorial markers; cats primarily eliminated away from the core area of the home range. Most faeces were buried, although exposed deposits were also observed. Cats also rubbed against objects, probably using glandular secretions from the face and tail areas to scent mark. Males rubbed objects more than females, and males scent marked more. Individual males may use different means of scent marking. Scent marking in this study supports the idea that cats do not defend territories, instead patrolling and reinforcing marks throughout a looser home range. The suggestion has been made that different forms of marking may serve separate signalling functions.
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Shepardson, Britton L. "The role of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) statuary as territorial boundary markers." Antiquity 79, no. 303 (March 2005): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0011378x.
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A new survey and spatial analysis enables the author to argue that inland examples of Easter Island’s famous stone statues were not in transport to the coast but mark out ancient territories proposed by ethnologist Katherine Routledge in 1919.
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Zhabagin, M. K., О. Е. Balanovsky, Zh M. Sabitov, A. Z. Temirgaliyev, A. T. Agdzhoyan, S. M. Koshel, Е. М. Ramankulov, and E. V. Balanovska. "Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 7 (November 9, 2018): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.431.
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Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period.
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Mostov, Julie. "“OUR WOMENS”/“THEIR WOMENS” Symbolic Boundaries, Territorial Markers, and Violence in the Balkans." Peace & Change 20, no. 4 (October 1995): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1995.tb00250.x.
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Shinkaruk-Dykovytska, Maria, and Anatoly Borisenko. "Local administrative-territorial specificity dermatoglyphics of men in Ukraine affected by caries at various levels of intensity." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0043.
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Abstract We found differences in administrative-territorial distributions of dermatoglyphics with regard to somatic healthy men of I adulthood with low and moderate levels intensity of caries. However, separate dermatoglyphics complexes of men with low levels intensity of caries, typical for any region of Ukraine, were not found. The data obtained from the western and southern regions of the country is particularly interesting. This, we believe, is a manifestation of population-regional particularities of the gene pool of Ukrainian men that corresponds to markers of greater physical health than to markers of the progression of the course of caries that is of low intensity. The greatest number of differences by indicator dermatoglyphics is evidenced in men with a medium level intensity of caries. This is concentrated in territorial segments: west↔center↔south and north↔center↔south. Moreover, a great amount of differences are seen in territorial segments: center west↔center↔north and south↔center↔east, while the least difference, albeit still numerous, is noticeable in territorial segments: north↔center↔east. The obtained data are interpreted by us as a manifestation of predisposition to the course of caries of a medium level of affection which is based on differences in the structure of the gene pool of the Ukrainian male population.
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Zinovjev, Igor Feliksovich, and Viktor Evgenievich Reutov. "DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC CRIME MARKERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (51) (2020): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-190-200.
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Considering economic crimes (CEC), as a characteristic of the relationship between the factors of the socio-economic life of the territory with crime (reflecting the dynamics of the gap between the needs of the population of the region and the degree of their actual satisfaction), it becomes possible to start modeling the predictive dynamics of emerging and realized trends in the structure of economic crime in the Republic. Crimea. Revealing the territorial specifics of CEC in the region will make it possible to plan measures to concentrate measures of state influence on the sphere of factors that predetermine the predicted dynamics of economic crime and to prevent direct material damage from a possible negative state, functioning and development of the Crimean society. The criminological analysis of quantitative indicators of the dynamics of economic crime (with all the reservations about the incompleteness of the provided statistical data for PES and their distortions) does not allow (with the demanded depth of consideration) to distance the problems of various aspects of accounting for crime in this area and the factors that predetermine its specificity in the region. In order to increase the validity and information richness of the analysis of the territorial specifics of CEC, the author’s calculated «markers» were proposed that reflect one or another aspect of economic crime, as well as dynamic trends in its structure and / or nature. Based on the analysis of marker indicators, a characteristic of the region’s economic crime was compiled and a forecast scenario for the development of trends in the CEC of the Republic of Crimea was proposed.
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Nazukina, Mariya V. "Markers of Ethnicity in the Regional Identity of Russia’s Republics." REGIONOLOGY 26, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.105.026.201804.698-717.
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Introduction. The ethnic component is one of the most important foundations for regionalization of the political space and construction of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it should determine the possibilities and conditions for consolidation of territorial communities within certain identification systems. The purpose of the research is to identify the markers showing the presence of ethnicity in the identity of the republics of the Russian Federation as an indicator of correlation between the ethnic and regional identities. Materials and Methods. The study employed such sources of analysis as presentation materials and business cards of the republics of the Russian Federation, constitutions and regulations on regional symbols, language policies and programs managing interethnic relations as well as the development strategies of the republics. Discourse analysis and the method of in-depth expert interviews were also used. Results. The study has revealed the basic identifiers of a region that comprise ethnicity. It has proved that ethnicity can be considered a resource for development of a territory as a unique feature of the regional community. The resource of ethnicity is associated with the positioning based on the idea that the status of the republics as ethno-territorial units differs from the status of other regions and therefore is capable of bringing certain benefits. Discussion and Conclusion. The ethnic component is an important resource for positioning regional uniqueness of the community, including through cultivation of the idea of stability, diversity and peace in the republics. The identified markers can be used as indicators of the presence of ethnicity in the regional identity when conducting comparative studies. The practical effect is associated with the possibilities of using them when following the identity policy in the regions and that of harmonization of multiple identities.
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Williams-Thorpe, Olwen. "Reply to ‘Megalithic transport and territorial markers: evidence from the Channel Islands’ by Mark Patton." Antiquity 67, no. 254 (March 1993): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045130.
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The surviving author of ‘The myth of long-distance megalith transport’ (ANTIQUITY 65: 64–73) stresses the support given by megalithic sites in the Channel Islands to the exposure of this persistent myth.
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Kalb, Philine. "Megalith-building, stone transport and territorial markers: evidence from Vale de Rodrigo, Évora, south Portugal." Antiquity 70, no. 269 (September 1996): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00083848.
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Khokholova, Irena, Natalia Danilova, Alyona Tomaska, and Kyunney Pestereva. "Memorial narratives and symbolic images as a resource for the development of Northern urban space." SHS Web of Conferences 112 (2021): 00043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111200043.
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The article is devoted to the identification of symbolic markers and perception of the cognitive model of the space of the northern cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The definition of “northern cities” is constructed based on the results of a study to identify various aspects of identity (national, territorial, ethnocultural) and is used by the authors when defining all cities of Yakutia. The main tools for constructing and regulating the cognitive map of a city are city monuments associated with historical memory and acting as components of state policy and a nation-building tool. The main research methods were historical and cognitive analysis and the method of questionnaire survey. The novelty of the article is a cross-cultural study of the perception of urban monuments as symbolic markers of urban space. The authors observe a difference in the perception of the symbolism of urban space between generational groups. It is concluded that each city, depending on its geographical and economic location, local characteristics, and national identity, has its own specific set of symbolic markers in the cognitive map of the city. The findings will contribute to the systematic study of the value attitudes of residents of modern Russian cities. Multilevel models of symbolic images associated with both national and territorial identities are being built.
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Kharkov, V. N., K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva, K. V. Simonova, E. R. Eremina, and V. A. Stepanov. "Gene pool of Buryats: Clinal variability and territorial subdivision based on data of Y-chromosome markers." Russian Journal of Genetics 50, no. 2 (February 2014): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795413110082.
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Kornishina, Galina A. "Mordovian traditional women’s headdresses in the context of their ethnic and territorial identity." Finno-Ugric World 12, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.012.2020.02.184-193.
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Introduction. Being one of the elements of the traditional costume, headdresses retained ethnic characteristics for a long time. They were special markers of the ethnically determined worldview of their carriers and indicators of their ethnic and territorial identity. Women’s headdresses retained these identifying features the longest. The study was conducted in order to create a typology of women’s headdresses, which were traditional among the Mordovian population, in the context of the ethnic and territorial identity of their carriers. Materials and Methods. The article considers the materials contained in research giving an idea of the problem. It also examined and generalized the author’s field materials collected in ethnographic trips. To achieve the goal of the study, a comparative historical method was used. Results and Discussion. The study of various types of Mordovian women’s headdresses has revealed the diversity of their forms, material, decoration techniques and ways of wearing. The specific features of the elements of the traditional costume were closely interconnected with the ethnic and territorial identification of the people they belonged to. Both the main sub-ethnic groups of the Mordovians (Moksha and Erzia) and minor ethnic and territorial groups of the people had their own types of headdresses marked by their own local features. Conclusion. The female headdress of Mordovians was one of the important differentiating ethnic features, which visually showed ethnic, territorial, tribal community belonging. To some extent this function is preserved at the present time. Even in those regions where Mordovians live and where almost all information about traditional clothes was erased from the memory of the local population, people tend to restore its individual elements, including headdresses, which become a kind of national symbol, a sign of ownership of their people.
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Neff, Bryan D., and Elizabeth L. Clare. "Temporal variation in cuckoldry and paternity in two sunfish species (Lepomis spp.) with alternative reproductive tactics." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 2 (February 2008): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-121.
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Male alternative reproductive tactics have been described in many mating systems. In fishes, these tactics typically involve a territorial male that defends a spawning site or nest and a parasitic male that uses sneaking or female mimicry to steal fertilizations from the territorial male. In this paper, we use molecular genetic markers to examine the success of males that adopt alternative reproductive tactics in two sunfishes, comprising the bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819) and the pumpkinseed ( Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758)). In sunfishes, the tactics are referred to as parental (territorial male) and cuckolder (parasitic male). We show that cuckoldry rates peak in the second trimester of the breeding season in bluegill, whereas cuckoldry rates are lowest during this period in pumpkinseed. We also show that paternity of parental male bluegill is positively correlated with body condition, but not body length or mass. No relationship between these phenotypic variables and paternity in pumpkinseed was found. We discuss the patterns of cuckoldry in relation to differences between the species in mating opportunities, parental male defence ability, and cuckolder density. Finally, we discuss how the paternity data can be used to differentiate between two mechanisms underlying the expression of alternative reproductive tactics, comprising the condition strategy and alternative strategies.
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Corsi, Alessandro, Mara Riminucci, Larry W. Fisher, and Paolo Bianco. "Achondrogenesis Type IB." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1375-ati.
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Abstract Achondrogenesis type IB is a lethal osteochondrodysplasia caused by mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter gene. How these mutations lead to the skeletal phenotype is not known. Histology of plastic-embedded skeletal fetal achondrogenesis type IB samples suggested that interterritorial epiphyseal cartilage matrix was selectively missing. Cartilage was organized in “chondrons” separated by cleft spaces; chondrocyte seriation, longitudinal septa, and, in turn, mineralized cartilaginous septa were absent. Agenesis of interterritorial matrix as the key histologic change was confirmed by immunohistology using specific markers of territorial and interterritorial matrix. Biglycan-enriched territorial matrix was preserved; decorin-enriched interterritorial areas were absent, although immunostaining was observed within chondrocytes. Thus, in achondrogenesis type IB: (1) a complex derangement in cartilage matrix assembly lies downstream of the deficient sulfate transporter activity; (2) the severely impaired decorin deposition participates in the changes in matrix organization with lack of development of normal interterritorial matrix; and (3) this change determines the lack of the necessary structural substrate for proper endochondral bone formation and explains the severe skeletal phenotype.
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Kerr Lobel, Lisa, Devin M. Drown, Paul H. Barber, and Phillip S. Lobel. "A Genetic Assessment of Parentage in the Blackspot Sergeant Damselfish, Abudefduf sordidus (Pisces: Pomacentridae)." Fishes 4, no. 4 (October 24, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4040053.
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Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the reproductive behavior of the damselfish Abudefduf sordidus at Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean. Genetic results indicated that ten males maintained guardianship over their nest territories for up to nine nest cycles during a 3.5 month period. Genotypes of 1025 offspring sampled from 68 nests (composed of 129 clutches) were consistent with 95% of the offspring being sired by the guardian male. Offspring lacking paternal alleles at two or more loci were found in 19 clutches, indicating that reproductive parasitism and subsequent alloparental care occurred. Reconstructed maternal genotypes allowed the identification of a minimum of 74 different females that spawned with these ten territorial males. Males were polygynous, mating with multiple females within and between cycles. Genetic data from nests, which consisted of up to four clutches during a reproductive cycle, indicated that each clutch usually had only one maternal contributor and that different clutches each had different dams. Females displayed sequential polyandry spawning with one male within a cycle but switched males in subsequent spawning cycles. These results highlight new findings regarding male parasitic spawning, polygyny, and sequential polyandry in a marine fish with exclusive male paternal care.
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Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Marco Romi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, and Giampiero Cai. "Agrobiotechnology Goes Wild: Ancient Local Varieties as Sources of Bioactives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082248.
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The identification and use of species that have best adapted to their growth territory is of paramount importance to preserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Parameters including resistance to natural conditions (biotic and abiotic risk factors), biomass and fruit productivity, and phytochemical content with nutraceutical potential, could be used as quantitative markers of the adaptability of plants to wild environments characterized by minimal human impact. Ancient varieties, which are plant varieties growing in regional territories and not destined for market distribution, are a source of unique genetic characters derived from many years of adaptation to the original territory. These plants are often more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these varieties have a high phytochemical (also known as bioactives) content considered health-beneficial. Notably, the content of these compounds is often lower in commercial cultivars. The use of selected territorial varieties according to the cultivation area represents an opportunity in the agricultural sector in terms of biodiversity preservation, environmental sustainability, and valorization of the final products. Our survey highlights the nutraceutical potential of ancient local varieties and stresses the importance of holistic studies (-omics) to investigate their physiology and secondary metabolism.
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Byelyayeva, Svitlana, Nataliya Kornilova, Olena Starynets, and Dmytro Harashchenko. "Organizational and ecological aspects of the strategy of nature reserve fund recreational territories’ development in Cherkasy region." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(143) (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-3.
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Theoretical and methodological approaches to the basic mechanisms of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine recreational territories management under modern economic conditions are formed. The main markers of influence on the development of nature reserve areas are identified. Problematic issues requiring operational, tactical and strategic solutions at the state level and at the level of a particular region are defined. Cherkasy region case study offers strategic directions to promote the protection, preservation, restoration and development of Cherkasy region nature reserve territories related to their scientifically proven expansion, in particular, to identify potential economic loss from preserving nature reserve areas and ensuring their efficient functioning, and increase the percentage of territories of the Ukrainian NRF to achieve EU countries indicators. The necessity to activate a public-private partnership, which concerns both the promotion of tourist attractions in protected nature reserve areas, and the need to comply with the requirements of environmental legislation, is justified. The current state of the Cherkasy region natural reserve and its development priorities is analyzed, administrative and territorial changes in particular. Attention is focused on the relevance of scientific research regarding the feasibility of creating new nature reserves and objects of Cherkasy region Natural Reserve Fund. Under modern conditions of management in the tourism industry as an important segment of recreational activities, the cumulative effect of coordinating intentions and actions impacts the environment significantly, both positively and negatively, which should be taken into account not only in scientific and theoretical-methodological research, but also in practice both locally and at the Government level in general.
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Derbyshire, R., D. R. Norris, K. A. Hobson, and D. Strickland. "Isotopic spiking and food dye experiments provide evidence that nestling Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) receive cached food from their parents." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 4 (April 2019): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0158.
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While many animals rely on stored food to survive periods of no or few resources, some of these species may also use cached food to feed young. The Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766)) is a territorial, food-caching resident of North American boreal forests. Canada Jays have high winter survival when fresh food is rarely available and achieve high fledging rates before the return and breeding of most sympatric migratory passerines. Stored food must account for the Canada Jay’s winter survival, but it is less certain that stores are also used to feed nestlings. We conducted two experiments seeking evidence of such use, one using food marked with dye and a second using 15N-enriched glycine. Breeding pairs were supplemented with marked food in the pre-incubation period, followed by our attempts to find the marker in nestling feces (dye experiment) or feathers (15N-enrichment experiment). Both experiments provided evidence that at least some nestlings had ingested the marker, although the importance of this behaviour within the population remains unknown. Our study demonstrates how food markers can be used to infer feeding behaviour that has not been directly recorded in the wild, even after over 50 years of close observation.
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Yepiskoposian, Levon, Armine Khudoyan, and Ashot Harutyunian. "Genetic Testing of Language Replacement Hypothesis in Southwest Asia." Iran and the Caucasus 10, no. 2 (2006): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338406780345899.
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AbstractThe regions of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and the Near East represent an extremely important area with respect to ancient population migration and expansion, and the spread of the Caucasian, Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic, and Altaic languages. We examined genetic variation within and between 12 ethno-territorial populations belonging to four major language families by using six microsatellites, or short tandem repeats (STR) and 12 Unique Event Polymorphism (UEP) loci mapped to the non-recombining portion of the human Y-chromosome. The applied set of markers did not unconditionally support the language replacement hypothesis for the populations under consideration. Moreover, regarding the South Caucasus and Anatolia, our results showed greater genetic distances between the populations from different language families, and close genetic affinity for the populations from the same language group—in this case, for the Turkophone ethnic units. The results point to the importance of appropriate Y-chromosome sampling procedures in geographically structured populations and to the necessity of using a relevant set of markers that provides best discrimination of populations with different genetic histories.
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Spiro, Peter J. "A New International Law of Citizenship." American Journal of International Law 105, no. 4 (October 2011): 694–746. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.105.4.0694.
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Will international law colonize the last bastion of sovereign discretion? As a matter of traditional doctrine, international law has had little to say about the citizenship practices of states and the terms on which states determine the boundaries of their memberships. Through much of the Westphalian era, states have been essentially unconstrained with respect to who gets citizenship and on what terms. Historically, citizenship status has been considered a matter of national self-definition, jealously insulated more as a matter of reflex than justification. Nationality has been equated with identity, in most cases coinciding with ethnic, religious, or other sociocultural community markers, which, in turn, have more or less mapped onto territorial spaces.
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Palacios, Cecilia, and Anabella Rodríguez. "¿Qué memoria(s) para Buenos Aires? Un análisis comparativo de los casos del Santuario de Cromañón y del Espacio para la Memoria y para la Promoción y Defensa de los Derechos Humanos / What Memories for Buenos Aires? A Comparative Analysis of the Cases of." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v28i2.1431.
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La ciudad de Buenos Aires se encuentra cubierta por múltiples marcas territoriales (monumentos, memoriales, altares populares, etc.) que rememoran hechos conflictivos y procesos político-sociales de la historia reciente y que encarnan los diversos recuerdos de sus ciudadanos. A partir de los casos emblemáticos del Espacio para la Memoria (ex esma) y del Santuario de Cromañón nos preguntamos cómo se insertan estos lugares de recuerdo en el entramado de la ciudad, en emplazamientos y funcionamientos bastante disímiles que, no obstante, los ubican como íconos del recuerdo y la conmemoración. Nos interesa cuestionar sobre los diversos modos en que puede territorializarse e incluso institucionalizarse la memoria en determinado espacio. AbstractThe city of Buenos Aires is covered with several territorial markers (monuments, memorials, popular altars, etc.) recalling conflictive events and political-social processes in recent history that embody the various memories of its citizens. On the basis of emblematic cases in the Space for Memory (ex esma) and the Cro-Magnon Sanctuary, we explored how these places of memory are inserted in the city’s structure, in quite dissimilar locations and functions that nevertheless identify them as icons of memory and commemoration. We explore the different ways in which memory can be territorialized and even institutionalized in a specific space.
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Agudo, Rosa, Martina Carrete, Miguel Alcaide, Ciro Rico, Fernando Hiraldo, and José Antonio Donázar. "Genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive loci determines individual fitness in a long-lived territorial bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1741 (May 2, 2012): 3241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2606.
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There is compelling evidence about the manifest effects of inbreeding depression on individual fitness and populations' risk of extinction. The majority of studies addressing inbreeding depression on wild populations are generally based on indirect measures of inbreeding using neutral markers. However, the study of functional loci, such as genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is highly recommended. MHC genes constitute an essential component of the immune system of individuals, which is directly related to individual fitness and survival. In this study, we analyse heterozygosity fitness correlations of neutral and adaptive genetic variation (22 microsatellite loci and two loci of the MHC class II, respectively) with the age of recruitment and breeding success of a decimated and geographically isolated population of a long-lived territorial vulture. Our results indicate a negative correlation between neutral genetic diversity and age of recruitment, suggesting that inbreeding may be delaying reproduction. We also found a positive correlation between functional (MHC) genetic diversity and breeding success, together with a specific positive effect of the most frequent pair of cosegregating MHC alleles in the population. Globally, our findings demonstrate that genetic depauperation in small populations has a negative impact on the individual fitness, thus increasing the populations' extinction risk.
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Zhuchenko, Lyudmila Aleksandrovna, Elena Nikolaevna Andreeva, Fatima Katabinovna Lagkuyeva, Karina Karyunovna Otaryan, Natalia Osipovna Odegova, Svetlana Viktorovna Stepnova, Elena Vladimirovna Yudina, and Elena Aleksandrovna Kalashnikova. "The main results and a current state of the program of the combined prenatal screening of 1 trimester in the Russian Federation." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 62, no. 3 (June 15, 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd62320-25.
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Prenatal diagnostics of anatomic and chromosomal defects at future child is represents high-allowing technology in system of obstetric monitoring behind the course of pregnancy and a condition of a fruit. Carrying out reform of system of prenatal screening in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation within transition to the international standard of diagnostics to early terms of the pregnancy which is carried out with support of the Government, demands regular audit. The analysis of the first results innovative for the country of mass combined PS of 1 trimester is carried out with use of the uniform software, allowing to calculate individual risk of frequent chromosomal aneuploidiya at a fruit on biochemical and ultrasonic markers only on condition of existence of personal competence of the ultrasonographer.
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Chechulin, A. V., A. L. Kuznecov, V. P. Grakhov, and M. B. Perfil’eva. "Communication and Marketing Technologies of Territory Promotion: Forming Professional Market in Russia." Science & Technique 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-2-125-129.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze a market of territorial marketing as a special, significantly different from the commercial market in the post-Soviet space. Attempts to characterize this territorial marketing market in general have not yet been undertaken. The authors have set a task to answer questions about their understanding of the territorial marketing essence; nature of interest of any territories in general and post-Soviet territories, in particular, in the use of marketing tools in its strategic development; territorial marketing market structure – customers of such services on behalf of territories, research organizations, marketing, advertising, design and other organizations creating convenient marketing products, and furthermore means for advertisement positioning and organizations providing opportunities for special events in the interests of territories promotion. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the territorial marketing markets of a number of countries leading in the post-Soviet space which are not members of the European Union, an analysis of statistical data and expert surveys, the conclusions have been made: Russia occupies the leading place in this field - and in absolute criteria (budgets, territories need), and in quality of work. But in the recent years Kazakhstan is actively developing territorial marketing technologies and this country is ahead of Russia in a number of areas. It is important that the territorial marketing markets of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries are not isolated from international ideas and market structures. The main developments for the Russian territories are based on the ideas and methodology of the British school of territorial marketing. Foreign marketing structures, primarily from Great Britain and the Netherlands almost always participate (and often win) in significant tenders for territories ordering being held in Russia and other CIS countries.
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KHARCHENKO, K. V. "DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL AS A RESOURCE OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 16, no. 2 (2021): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2021-16-2-56-77.
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The article reveals the specificity of the demographic potential of the territory, considered in the context of both demographic processes and other types of potential: natural resource, spatial, economic, labor, investment. The purpose is to structure the system of criteria that make it possible to assess the demographic potential of a territory while solving the problem of overcoming inter-territorial inequalities within the framework of strategic planning. The research methodology is a reflexive analysis of a number of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipalities in terms of assessing demographic trends, SWOT analysis of the demographic potential of the territory, targets and measures in the field of demographic policy, as well as relevant strategic indicators. The structure of demographic potential, including undiscovered resources, is presented; unused resources (in particular, the resource of the working-age population not employed in the local economy) and “under-formed” resources (for example, the labor resource of young people, determined by educational policy and vocational guidance). As a result, demographic markers of disproportions in the socio-economic and spatial development of regions and municipalities were substantiated, as well as ways of moving from a descriptive analysis of demographic indicators to identifying criteria that characterize the demographic potential of a territory, the use of which can smooth out inter-territorial inequalities.
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Gutierrez, Grant M., Sarah Kelly, Joshua J. Cousins, and Christopher Sneddon. "What Makes a Megaproject?" Environment and Society 10, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2019.100107.
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This article reviews how global hydropower assemblages catalyze socioecological change in the world’s rivers. As a quintessential megaproject, massive dams and the hydropower they generate have long captivated the modernist development imaginary. Yet, despite growing recognition of the socio-ecological consequences of hydropower, it has recently assumed a central role in supporting renewable energy transitions. We highlight three trends in hydropower politics that characterize global hydropower assemblages: mega-dams as markers of nation-state development; river protection by territorial alliances and social movements opposed to hydropower; and transitions from spectacular, centralized hydropower installations to the propagation of small and large hydropower within climate mitigation schemes. We offer insights on how global hydropower assemblages force examination beyond traditional categories of “mega” through more holistic and grounded analyses of significance.
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Adaev, V. N. "The Khanty of the Yugan River in the Demyanka River basin: formation of local identity." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(54) (August 27, 2021): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-54-3-14.
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The study is focused on the deep taiga territory located in the upper and middle reaches of the Demyanka River — Uvatsky district of Tyumen Oblast (Western Siberia, Russia). A particular case of the development of local identity in a small community of taiga inhabitants — the Khanty reindeer herders from the Bolshoi Yugan River, who migrated in the first half of the 20th century to the basin of the neighbouring Demyanka River — is presented. This study aims to examine in detail the mechanism of formation of local identity and to trace how a new territorial identity determines development of specific ethnic local community. The paper is largely based on field ethnographic materials collected in 2000–2020, as well as information from archival documents. The study builds upon a system analysis where the formation of a new local community is viewed through the prism of its changing external contacts and socio-cultural boundaries. There were identified the broken links with the historical homeland and new bonds that rooted the people into the new territory. The corresponding role of administrative transforma-tions, socio-economic relations, marriage contacts, and religious beliefs has been established. The main markers of the local identity formed by the 1990s are territorial rooting, a sense of belonging to the region, a new legal status and consolidation of the considered Khanty community. Presently, the descendants of the Bolshoy Yugan Khantys living in the Demyanka River basin are undoubtedly a separate group within the Eastern Khantys with established local identity. Their territorial belonging includes, at the regional level, self-identification as inhabitants of the Uvatsky District, and at the local level, an upheld notion of the Demyanka Region as their homeland. The long isolated exis-tence of the new Khanty community has already led to the emergence of some cultural characteristics that noticea-bly distinguish these Khanty people from their kin who live in the Bolshoi Yugan River basin.
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Belyaev, Victor Ivanovich. "REPUTATION, IMAGE, BRAND: CREATION AND USE IN PRACTICE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES AND TERRITORIES." Economics Profession Business, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb201953.
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The article is devoted to the development and marketing justification of strategies for the growth and development of enterprises, territorial entities (cities, territories, regions) using such categories as reputation, image, brand. These categories are considered in the article in relation to goods, companies, territories. The article substantiates the existence of a meaningful relationship between regional product brands and the image of territories. To develop the image of the territories, it is proposed to use the mechanism for registering appellations of origin for regional product brands. The promotion of such goods to other territorial markets will advance the consciousness of local consumers and the name of the locality of origin of the goods, shape and strengthen the image of the territory. This is proposed to be used in the development and justification of strategies for the growth and development of territories. Their implementation will contribute to economic growth and the development of territorial entities.
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Komarova, Oxana. "Methodological aspects of the institutional analysis of the level of regional infrastructure development." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129603009.
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The development of the region’s infrastructure is one of the goals of territorial sustainable development. Regional infrastructure improves the quality of life. The article provides a theoretical analysis of methods for assessing the level of infrastructure development. The development of infrastructure is determined by the interests of many stakeholders. This determines the need for taking into consideration the institutional conditions of its development. The goal of the study is to analyze methods for assessing the development of regional infrastructure and substantiate the need for an institutional analysis of infrastructure development. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis of studies on measuring and assessing the level of development of regional infrastructure were used. To form a methodology for assessing regional infrastructure, we used the methods of institutional analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific research. To ensure an increase in the efficiency of regional infrastructure development, the methodology for assessing the institutional conditions for infrastructure development is proposed. The methodology is based on the following indicators: regulatory framework for infrastructure development, assessment of infrastructure development forms in projects for interaction between business and the state, infrastructure development tools, availability of a system for coordination and monitoring of infrastructure development, technological level of the region’s infrastructure. Further research involves testing the methodology for assessing the level of development of regional infrastructure. In general, a systematic approach to the development of the region’s infrastructure is fully consistent with the goals of sustainable development and allows us to identify markers of infrastructure development that correspond to the level of territorial development.
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KAZANTSEV, DMITRY A., and DMITRY A. KACHUSOV. "REGIONAL IDENTITY IN THE STUDENTS' CONSCIOUSNESS IN SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT." CASPIAN REGION: Politics, Economics, Culture 66, no. 1 (2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-510x-2021-66-1-090-100.
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At the moment, the question of correlation between national and regional identification and their impact on the Russians' consciousness stays acute. The peculiarities of historical development, the aspects of the government policy in Russia and global crisis of identity do influence the process of selfidentification among the Russian citizens, sometimes at the expense of the regional level. Nonetheless, regional identity is still an important piece of social-cultural puzzle of the Russian regions, both national and administrative-territorial. The indications of regional identity, at least partial, or as one of the few identities, can be found among senior students. To find the markers demonstrating that, the mass polling of the students was performed in schools of the Siberian Federal district. The results of this research allows us to detect different types and nature of national, regional, local identity among students from different subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as to define the local specifics in question of social-political selfidentification.
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Nesterchuk, I. "Physico-geographic distribution of Right Bank Polissya: prospects for development of specialties of tourism." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, no. 1 (2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.06.
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The territory of the study of the Right Bank Polissya in this article is extremely vivid and dotted, it is possible to outline the following main tasks: the territorial physical and geographical differentiation of the region in the context of the methodology of studying the food traditions of the Polischuk; assessment of the territory for the prospects of practical management of gastronomic tourism within the united territorial communities. In general, the Polesie region is not a zonal phenomenon, and its origin is connected with paleogeographic conditions of anthropogeny, therefore it is the physical and geographical edge of the zone of mixed forests of the East European country. The involvement of geographic science in the study of the history of food prints of the Polyschuk in the original landscapes of residence deserves detailed study. The nutrition of the Polischuk apparently bears the landscape-specific consumption of food in certain areas. Organically healthy food demonstrates the geological past and predicts a nutrition system at the present stage without paying attention to the pace of the urban food culture. Under certain circumstances and with the complication of natural conditions, the gastronomy of the Polischuk differed by simple gastronomic markers, but not coarse and not perfect processes for the preparation of autochthonous dishes. The consideration of the physical and geographical preconditions for the formation of gastronomic tourism resources in the region contributed to the popularization of the gastronomic industry in a certain retrospective period. In Ukraine, tourism was underdeveloped, until 1914, when tourism activities were carried out by the Russian Society of Tourists and the Polish Local History Society. The study of physical and geographical regionalization of the region at an angle of gastronomic tourism is almost unknown. At the time there is a rather interesting scientific issue for the territory of the Right-bank Polissya in the reflections of the feeding of the Polischuk. But a significant financial leverage for the development of the united territorial communities is to have gastronomic tours within the boundaries of their original habitats and the transfer of gastronomic practices to a wide tourist community
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Brisola, Marlon Vinícius, and Magali Costa Guimarães. "Instituições, Território e Sistemas Agroindustriais: uma proposta de análise histórico-comparativa." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v9i1.11566.
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ResumoA política de Estado que prioriza a produção e a exportação de produtos agropecuários in natura ou semi-processados tem sido a tônica de alguns países, especialmente, Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai, Chile e Colômbia, na América Latina. Nesses espaços, os Sistemas Agroindustriais (SAGs) representam importantes campos de análise econômica, política e social, demarcando o grau de desenvolvimento de determinados territórios ou populações. Uma das características dos SAGs é a constituição de redes que têm diferentes níveis de consolidação e especificidades, em função da complexidade das atividades de processamento, do nível de incertezas mercadológicas e da estrutura concorrencial. Contudo, distinções entre SAGs de produtos adversos ou concorrentes, ou entre diferentes territórios onde atuam um mesmo SAG, podem ser observadas e, tais diferenças, podem estar relacionadas a diferentes constituições institucionais que os regem. Partindo dessa premissa, propõe-se este estudo ao sugerir a utilização da técnica QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) associada à análise histórico-comparativa de casos como método para o entendimento dos efeitos da evolução institucional territorial sobre o desempenho econômico dos SAGs. O mesmo método foi utilizado por Brisola (2013) para analisar o padrão de relação entre o Estado e as associações empresariais industriais, no Brasil e na Argentina, no período entre 1956 e 1978, e compará-lo ao seu impacto sobre o upgrading industrial, em cada um destes países. A replicação do método e a sua discussão passa pela definição conceitual das dimensões do estudo, bem como pela caracterização dos indicadores que as suportam, utilizando como casos os marcos político-temporais que retratam as diferentes constituições institucionais dos territórios sob análise. Espera-se, como resultado, encontrar, com a aplicação dessa metodologia, melhores interpretações das razões que levam aos diferentes desempenhos técnico, econômico e/ou político dos SAGs e suas redes inseridas nos territórios produtivos agroindustriais, tanto na América Latina, como em outras regiões do globo.Palavras-chaveAnálise histórico-comparativa; Instituições, Sistemas Agroindustriais; Território. *** Resumen La política de Estado que priorice la producción y exportación de commodities agrícolas ha sido la prioridad de algunos países en Latinoamérica, especialmente Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile y Colombia. En estos espacios, los Sistemas Agroindustriales (SAGs) representan campos importantes de análisis económicos, políticos y sociales, que marcan el grado de desarrollo de algunas regiones o poblaciones. Una de las características de los SAGs es el establecimiento de redes que tienen diferentes niveles de consolidación y especificidades, en función de la complejidad de las actividades de procesamiento, del nivel de incertidumbres de marketing y de la estructura competitiva. Sin embargo, entre los SAGs de productos competitivos o entre los SAGs de distintos territorios es posible observar distinciones relacionadas con diferentes constituciones institucionales que las gobiernan. De este hecho, se propone en este estudio, sugiriendo el uso de QSA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis), asociada con el análisis de caso histórico comparativo como un método para la comprensión de los efectos del desarrollo institucional territorial sobre el desempeño económico del SAG. El mismo método fue utilizado por Brisola (2013) para analizar el patrón de relación entre el Estado y las asociaciones de empresarios industriales en Brasil y Argentina, en el período comprendido entre 1956 y 1978. El método de replicación y su debate consiste en la definición conceptual de las dimensiones del estudio y la caracterización de los indicadores que lo apoyan, utilizando como casos políticos y plazos que representan las diferentes constituciones institucionales de los territorios colocados bajo análisis. Así, como resultado, encontrase con la aplicación de esta metodología mejores interpretaciones de las razones que llevan a las diferentes actuaciones técnicas, económicas y o políticas del SAG y sus redes incrustadas en territorios productivos agroindustriales, tanto en América Latina como en otras regiones.Palabras-claveAnálisis histórico-comparativa; Instituciones, Sistemas Agroindustriales; Territorio ***AbstractThe state policy that prioritizes the production and exportation of agricultural products - au naturelle or semi-processed - has been the keynote of some countries, especially Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Colombia in Latin America. In these spaces, the Agribusiness Systems (SAGs) represent important fields of economic, political and social analysis, marking the degree of development of certain areas or populations. One of the hallmarks of the SAGs is the establishment of networks that have different levels of consolidation and specificities, depending on the complexity of the processing activities, the level of marketing uncertainties and competitive structure. However, there may be distinctions between SAGs of adverse or competing products, or between different territories where they operate the same SAG, and such differences may be related to different institutional constitutions that govern them. From this premise, this study suggests the use of CSF technicque (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) associated with the historical-comparative case analysis as a method for understanding the effects of territorial institutional development on the economic performance of the SAGs. The same method was used by Brisola (2013) to analyze the relationship pattern between the state and the industrial business associations in Brazil and Argentina, in the period between 1956 and 1978, and compare it to its impact on industrial upgrading, in each country. The method of replication and its discussion involves the conceptual definition of the study dimensions and the characterization of indicators that support it. All of this, using as framework the temporal-political markers that depict the different institutional constitutions of territories under analysis. It is expected, as a result, to find with the application of this methodology the best interpretations as to why that lead to different technical, economic and/or political performances of SAGs and their embedded networks in agribusiness productive territories, both in Latin America, as in other regions. KeywordsHistorical and comparative analysis; Institutions, agribusiness systems; Territory.
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KRASIVSKYI, Orest, and Nadiia PIDBEREZHNYK. "PROBLEMS OF NATION-BUILDING PROCESSES IN UKRAINE AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-214-221.
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The article deals with the problematic aspects of nation-building processes in Ukraine at the present stage. A methodological basis is a comprehensive approach to problem analysis. The categories «nation», «Ukrainian nation», «Ukrainian people» are characterized. The main markers of national identity are identified among which: national consciousness, national interest, national territory, national idea, culture, language, history, common origin, religion. The nation was found to contain both ethnic, cultural and political components. From the dominance of one of these characteristics is formed in essence, an ethnic or political nation. The basic internal and external factors that negatively effecting nation-building processes in Ukraine are investigated. The internal ones include: lack of clear legislative criteria for inclusion in the ethnic community and real indicators of the ethnic composition of the Ukrainian people; loss of title ethnic identity based on linguistic marker; political speculation about the ethno-cultural features of the regions of Ukraine, linguistic and mental differences of the citizens of Ukraine; lack of an effective system of national-patriotic education and formation of national consciousness. External factors include: hybrid war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, aimed at loss of territorial integrity and state sovereignty of Ukraine, aggravation of interethnic relations; intensive globalization processes that require new approaches to public policy on preserving and developing national identity; negative impact of information flows of foreign countries on the formation of information and cultural space of Ukraine; political and cultural expansion of neighboring countries (Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia) into Ukraine, which goes beyond the support of their national minorities and poses a direct threat to Ukraine's national security. Keywords: ethnicity,nation, national identity, nationalization, Ukraine, Ukrainian nation, hybrid war.
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Gawryszewska, Beata J., Anna Wilczyńska, Maciej Łepkowski, Ryszard Nejman, and Martyna Cziszewska. "The recreational potential for wastelands as well as users’ preferences for wasteland aesthetics. Case study of Warsaw, Poland." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500018.
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Urban wastelands may often be perceived as dysfunctional and unattractive, however they always seem to have environmental and sociological values, which encourage people to act spontaneously in their use. Undeveloped areas are important places in the structure of inhabiting landscape as a substitute for “natural” landscape. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to describe residents’ aesthetical preferences for urban wasteland according to the image (type of scenery) and function of this kind of urban greenery. The survey was carried out on 13 selected case studies of brownfields, neglected greenery and undeveloped areas in Warsaw. The users' aesthetical preferences as well as the behaviour of residents, which have been treated as a neighbourhood greenery, were examined and compared. A basis of the comparison was differences in the image of the visiting landscape, perceived as different types of scenery. The methods used included Visitor Employed Photography and territorial markers and a physical traces inventory. The results show the various recreational uses, thus the great potential of wasteland green areas. It also confirms the growing acceptability of free vegetation aesthetics, while also presenting differences in the choice of a particular scenery by different groups of users.
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Cicilloni, Riccardo, and Marco Cabras. "GIS-based landscape analysis of megalithic graves in the Island of Sardinia (Italy)." Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 3 (November 3, 2017): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i3.1943.
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One of the most important megalithic groups in Western Europe in terms of number and characteristics is the group of over 200 monuments of various types in Sardinia. It now seems to be confirmed that the rise of the megalithic phenomenon was during the culture of San Michele of Ozieri (Late Neolithic, 4000-3300 B.C.E.). The Sardinian dolmen graves, however, had a maximum distribution during the Chalcolithic, as evidenced by most of the finds from excavations. The phenomenon also shows a close relationship beyond Sardinia and especially with the monuments of Catalonia, Pyrenees, non-coastal departments of French-midi, Corsica and Puglia.About 90 dolmen graves of various types have been investigated, namely the simple type, “corridor” type, “allée couverte” type, and others of uncertain attribution, located in central-western Sardinia, and particularly in a significant area of ca. 3500 km2 coinciding with the historical regions of Marghine-Planargia, Middle Valley of Tirso and Montiferru. This includes some 40% of all Sardinian dolmens. Locational trends and relationships with regard to landscape elements were studied with the aid of GIS methodologies such as viewshed and cost surface analysis. This allowed an evaluation of the role of visual dominance on the surroundings in relation to waterways and natural access routes.These dolmens enjoy an isolated positional character, being found more often in high plateaus, but also on low plateaus and hills. Although different concentrations are found in dolmenic graves, these do not seem to have any direct relationship among them, but their influence is apparently directed towards travel routes and sensitive elements of the landscape that have capabilities of territorial demarcation.The particular location emphasizes the significance of these monuments as territorial markers for segmentary societies. It seems that a dolmen was constructed according to the territory immediately surrounding it. This reinforces the hypothesis of there being a secondary task, in addition to that of burial, to symbolize a message or landmark for those who moved towards "another" territory: a sign of belonging.
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Oates-Indruchová, Libora, and Muriel Blaive. "Introduction: Border communities: microstudies on everyday life, politics and memory in European Societies from 1945 to the present." Nationalities Papers 42, no. 2 (March 2014): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.891339.
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The 1989/1991 demise of European communist regimes created a powerful impulse for the investigation of memory cultures at Cold War borders and, subsequently, for reflections on the creation of new European border regimes. The four studies included in this special section investigate these two processes on a micro level of their dynamics in new and old borderlands from the perspectives of history, anthropology and political science. At the same time, they explore the relations between the everyday life experience of borderland communities and larger historical and political processes, sometimes going back to the re-drawing of European borders in the aftermath of the First World War.It is the hybrid nature of borders as at the same time separating and connecting (Anzaldúa 1987; Gupta and Fergusson 1997), as the place where “a transition between two worlds is most pronounced” (Van Gennep 1960 paraphrased in Berdahl 1999, 12) that makes them such an attractive and interdisciplinary site of research. It is of interest to geographers, historians, anthropologists, sociologists and other social scientists (e.g. Donnan and Wilson 1994; Anderson 1997; Ganster et al. 1997; Breysach, Paszek, and Tölle 2003; Wastl-Walter 2010). Daphne Berdahl sees boundaries as “symbols through which states, nations, and localities define themselves. They define at once territorial limits and sociocultural space” (Berdahl 1999, 3). Border research distinguishes between “border,” “bordering,” and “borderland” or “frontier” (the term first defined by Turner 1921). While borders connote a dividing line, borderlands connote an area, and bordering refers to the process of border- and borderland-creation. Borders are established through a three-stage process of allocation, delimitation and demarcation: a territory is first placed (allocated) under the jurisdiction of a government, then an imaginary line is drawn (delimited) on a map, and finally the boundary is marked with physical markers (demarcated) in the terrain (Sahlins 1989, 2). Borderlands or frontier zones are “privileged sites for the articulation of national distinctions” (Sahlins 1989, 271), and as such are places where difference is produced and institutionalized through territorial sovereignty, but also constantly renegotiated by multiple actors.
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Lefebvre, Karine. "Acámbaro, en los confines del reino tarasco: una aculturación discreta (1440-1521 d. C.)." Revista Trace, no. 59 (July 5, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.59.2011.321.
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Hacia 1450, la región de Acámbaro (Guanajuato) cayó en manos de los tarascos y se convirtió en una zona fronteriza de este reino, frente al imperio mexica y a los territorios chichimecas. A través del cruce de las fuentes escritas coloniales y de los datos arqueológicos, examinamos las consecuencias de la ocupación tarasca en esta zona fronteriza. En un primer momento, buscamos reconstruir el patrón de asentamiento y la organización defensiva en esta zona fronteriza. Posteriormente estudiamos la importancia de la impronta tarasca en la cultura material y arquitectónica de la región de Acámbaro, con el fin de apreciar la naturaleza de las relaciones que mantenían el centro y los márgenes de este reino. En un contexto multiétnico muy específico, intentamos comprender el efecto de la dominación tarasca sobre la organización política. Se trata por lo tanto de evidenciar la estrategia expansionista tarasca a partir de un ejemplo concreto: la región de Acámbaro.Abstract: Around A.D. 1450, Acámbaro’s area (Guanajuato, Mexico) felt under Tarascan domination and became the new frontier facing the Mexica Empire and Chichimecas’ territories. This article addresses the questions of the impact of Tarascan occupation on the territorial organization in this buffer zone, by combining a study of the colonial written sources and an archaeological data recollection. Firstly, we attempt to reconstruct the border area settlement pattern and its defensive organization,and secondly, we measure the presence, in the Acámbaro’s region, of Tarascan identical markers in archaeological remains (artefacts and architecture). This enables us to question the kind of relationships existing between the core and the margins within the kingdom, in this regional multi-ethnic specific context. Thus, this article aims at highlighting Tarascan expansionist strategy, starting from the concrete example of Acámbaro area.Résumé : Vers 1450, la région d’Acámbaro (Guanajuato, Mexique) tombe sous domination tarasque et devient une zone de frontière faisant face à l’empire mexica et aux territoires chichimèques. Par un croisement des sources écrites de l’époque coloniale et des données archéologiques, nous examinons les conséquences de l’occupation tarasque sur cette zone de marche du royaume. Tout d’abord, nous tentons de restituer le schéma d’implantation et l’organisation défensive dans cette zone frontière. Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions l’importance de l’empreinte tarasque dans la culture matérielle et architecturale de la région d’Acámbaro. Ceci nous permet d’apprécier la nature des relations qu’entretenaient le coeur et les marges de ce royaume. Dans un contexte multiethnique très spécifique, nous tentons de comprendre l’effet de la domination tarasque sur l’organisation politique. Il s’agit ainsi de mettre en évidence la stratégie expansionniste tarasque à partir d’un exemple concret, la région d’Acámbaro.
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Mendonça, Bartolomeu Rodrigues, Cíndia Brustolin, and Elio de Jesus Pantoja Alves. "Projetos de desenvolvimento e territórios tradicionais no Maranhão, Brasil: ameaças e processos de resistências." Revista Pós Ciências Sociais 16, no. 32 (January 12, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2236-9473.v16n32p93-116.
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Neste artigo, exploramos dimensões da colonialidade de poder expressas nos processos de dominação engendrados na instalação de estruturas logísticas para o escoamento de mercadorias para exportação – como o minério de ferro e produtos do agronegócio – que atravessam o estado do Maranhão rumo aos mercados internacionais. Desde a década de 1950, começaram a ser implantadas rodovias federais, estradas de ferro e portos na região, relacionadas às políticas desenvolvimentistas dos governos brasileiros. Essas obras foram executadas sobre espaços territoriais que abrigam uma diversidade de povos e comunidades tradicionais, provocando deslocamentos, eliminando espaços de roças, entupindo igarapés. Nos últimos anos, as estruturas criadas entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, principalmente, começaram a ser ampliadas, duplicadas e também novos projetos passaram a ser executados, com forte interesse do capital internacional. As propostas amparam-se sobre a imagem desses espaços territoriais como espaços vocacionados para exercerem a função de portos e estradas. Exploramos, também, repertórios de ação elaborados contra essas investidas de expansão do capital sobre territórios tradicionais, evidenciados numa série de processos de resistência. As dimensões dacolonialidade e os repertórios de ação serão explorados a partir da discussão da ampliação de estruturas logísticas e de processos de resistência engendrados na Zona rural II, de São Luís, e no território negro de Santa Rosa dos Pretos, em Itapecuru Mirim.Palavras-chave: Grandes empreendimentos. Expansão territorial. Comunidades tradicionais.DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND TRADITIONAL TERRITORIES IN MARANHÃO, BRAZIL: THREATS AND RESISTANCE PROCESSESAbstractIn this article, we explore dimensions of the coloniality of power expressed in theprocesses of domination engendered in the installation of logistics structures for the flow of goods for export - such as iron ore and agribusiness products - that cross the state of Maranhão towards international markets. Since the 1950s, federal highways, railroads and ports in the region began to be implemented, related to the development policies of Brazilian governments. These works were executed on territorial spaces that shelter a diversity of traditional peoples and communities, provoking displacements, eliminating spaces of roças, cloggingigarapés. In recent years, structures created between the 1950s and the 1980s, mainly, began to be expanded, duplicated, and also new projects were implemented, with keen interest from international capital. The proposals are based on the image of these territorial spaces as spaces designed to perform the function of ports and roads. We have also explored the repertoires of actionagainst these investees of capital expansion over traditional territories, evidenced in a series of resistance processes. The dimensions of coloniality and action repertoires will be explored from a discussion of the expansion of logistic structures and resistance processes engendered in São Luís rural area II and the black territory of Santa Rosa dos Pretos, in Itapecuru Mirim.Keywords: Large enterprises. Territorial expansion. Traditional communities.
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Gerda, István Zsolt. "Possible explanations for the transformation of the Northern Great Plain Region's labour market." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 34 (September 2, 2009): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/34/2823.
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As a result of the processes of hungarian economy and society the increase in territorial differences is noticeable in the last few days. The changes in society's status, the rate of increase and the level of development can be tracked for example in the diverse variation of labour market. In my study I would like to demonstrate the typical processes of labour market based on the time scale between 2000-2007, and I also want to reveal the root causes of the change in unemployment rate. The source of data is a regular, representative labour-survey by the Hungarian CentralStatistical Office based on interviewing people, as well as registration on place-hunters by the Employment and Social Office together with the summary of governmental subsidy. I targeted the age-groups between 15-74 years in my analysis, but the results are not modified by the over 65 years old population because of their small economical importance. I define the status of labour market by markers among others like economical activity, employment rate, unemployment rate, and I also consider the change in the amount of registered place-hunters in the period examined. My aim is to determine the responsible coefficients of the change in unemployment rate.
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Millerstrom, S., and P. V. Kirch. "Petroglyphs of Kahikinui, Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Rock Images within a Polynesian Settlement Landscape." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 70 (2004): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001134.
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We report on the recording and analysis of 17 petroglyph or pictograph sites, containing a total of 168 glyphic units, carried out as part of a large scale survey of the ancient district (moku) of Kahikinui, on south-eastern Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands. In contrast with previous studies which have tended to view Hawaiian petroglyphs as divorced from their larger archaeological context, we analyse and interpret this corpus in terms of a landscape-level settlement analysis. The Kahikinui petroglyphs exhibit a regular and limited range of motifs, with certain styles of anthropomorphs and zoomorphs (especially dogs) dominating; petroglyphs dating to the early post-European contact period are characterised by Roman lettering reflecting early missionary efforts at literacy. Petroglyphs are strongly associated either with an early historic-period trail, or with rockshelters and cliff faces where there is evidence for freshwater springs or seeps. In the arid environment of Kahikinui, freshwater was a precious resource, and the petroglyphs may have served as territorial markers, or signs of individual ownership or rights of access. Excavations at three rockshelter sites with petroglyphs provide indirect evidence for dating these petroglyphs to the late prehistoric era (16th to 18th centuries AD). Comparisons with petroglyph sites on other islands in the Hawaiian archipelago indicate the existence of distinct regional variations.
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Mehdi, Syed Eesar. "Serving the Militant’s Cause: The Role of Indo-Pak State Policies in Sustaining Militancy in Kashmir." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020939012.
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The essay explores three recently published books on the origins of militancy in Kashmir. In short, they all find that two causal factors are responsible for the insurgency’s ability to endure. First, the unending muscular security policy of India coupled with its explicit integrationist approach that triggered alienation by squeezing the democratic space of Kashmiris. Second, the role played by Pakistan in strongly backing the menagerie of militant groups for weakening political and territorial control of India over Kashmir. These books rely on a series of case studies of the different militant groups that have operated in Kashmir: most notably, Al-Fatah, the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Hizbul Mujahedeen (HM) and Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT). The emergence of Al-Fatah and JKLF was an offshoot of New Delhi’s iron-fist approach compounded with the dwindling of democratic space. Pakistan played a major role in the creation of HM and LeT by invoking Islam and Muslim identity as mobilising factors. These books, in their own different ways, identify a teleological shift in the thinking, strategies and operations of the militant groups, and this essay tries to extrapolate this by outlining the key markers of distinction between the old and new militancy.
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Baugh, Julia R., and Don C. Forester. "Prior Residence Effect in the Dart-Poison Frog, Dendrobates Pumilio." Behaviour 131, no. 3-4 (1994): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00442.
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AbstractEach of 32 male, Dendrobates pumilio (red phase) were allowed to establish a territory in one half of a 40 liter aquarium. Each enclosure contained a substrate of Sphagnum, a potted plant, and a water dish. Males occupying the same aquarium were prevented from seeing one another by an opaque barrier. In the first experiment, residents were presented with a conspecific intruder matched for size and color. Based on a numerical index of aggression, residents were consistently dominant over intruders. When reciprocal trials were conducted, the results were reversed (i.e. residents were dominant over males to which they previously had been subordinate). The success of resident males was not influenced by the size of conspecific intruders. In addition, residents consistently dominated a sympatric confamilial intruder (Phyllobates lugubris). Removal experiments revealed that resident males recognize and defend their enclosures after 3, and to a lesser degree, 6 days of isolation. We also examined the effect of territorial markers on the prior residence effect by stepwise removal of the plant and Sphagnum. Residents aggressively defended enclosures in both experiments. When Sphagnum was removed from the resident's enclosures and placed in a previously unused aquaria, 7 of 10 males exhibited dominance over conspecific intruders.