Journal articles on the topic 'Terrestrial invertebrate'
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1
Roon, David A., Mark S. Wipfli, Tricia L. Wurtz, and Arny L. Blanchard. "Invasive European bird cherry (Prunus padus) reduces terrestrial prey subsidies to urban Alaskan salmon streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 11 (November 2016): 1679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548.
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The spread of invasive species in riparian forests has the potential to affect both terrestrial and aquatic organisms linked through cross-ecosystem resource subsidies. However, this potential had not been explored in regards to terrestrial prey subsidies for stream fishes. To address this, we examined the effects of an invasive riparian tree, European bird cherry (EBC, Prunus padus), spreading along urban Alaskan salmon streams, by collecting terrestrial invertebrates present on the foliage of riparian trees, their subsidies to streams, and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Riparian EBC supported four to six times less terrestrial invertebrate biomass on its foliage and contributed two to three times lower subsidies relative to native deciduous trees. This reduction in terrestrial invertebrate biomass was consistent between two watersheds over 2 years. In spite of this reduction in terrestrial prey resource input, juvenile coho salmon consumed similar levels of terrestrial invertebrates in stream reaches bordered by EBC. Although we did not see ecological effects extending to stream salmonids, reduced terrestrial prey subsidies to streams are likely to have negative consequences as EBC continues to spread.
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Popescu, Cristina, Mihaela Oprina-Pavelescu, Valentin Dinu, Constantin Cazacu, Francis Burdon, Marie Forio, Benjamin Kupilas, et al. "Riparian Vegetation Structure Influences Terrestrial Invertebrate Communities in an Agricultural Landscape." Water 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020188.
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Stream and terrestrial ecosystems are intimately connected by riparian zones that support high biodiversity but are also vulnerable to human impacts. Landscape disturbances, overgrazing, and diffuse pollution of agrochemicals threaten riparian biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We assessed how terrestrial invertebrate communities respond to changes in riparian vegetation in Romanian agricultural catchments, with a focus on the role of forested riparian buffers. Riparian invertebrates were sampled in 10 paired sites, with each pair consisting of an unbuffered upstream reach and a downstream reach buffered with woody riparian vegetation. Our results revealed distinct invertebrate community structures in the two site types. Out of 33 invertebrate families, 13 were unique to either forested (6) or unbuffered (7) sites. Thomisidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathidae, Curculionidae, Culicidae, and Cicadidae were associated with forested buffers, while Lycosidae, Chrysomelidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Formicidae, and Eutichuridae were more abundant in unbuffered sites. Despite statistically equivocal results, invertebrate diversity was generally higher in forested riparian buffers. Local riparian attributes significantly influenced patterns in invertebrate community composition. Our findings highlight the importance of local woody riparian buffers in maintaining terrestrial invertebrate diversity and their potential contribution as a multifunctional management tool in agricultural landscapes.
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Allan, J. David, Mark S. Wipfli, John P. Caouette, Aaron Prussian, and Joanna Rodgers. "Influence of streamside vegetation on inputs of terrestrial invertebrates to salmonid food webs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-019.
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Salmonid food webs receive important energy subsidies via terrestrial in-fall, downstream transport, and spawning migrations. We examined the contribution of terrestrially derived invertebrates (TI) to juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in streams of southeastern Alaska by diet analysis and sampling of TI inputs in 12 streams of contrasting riparian vegetation. Juvenile coho ingested 12.1 mg·fish1 of invertebrate mass averaged across all sites; no significant differences associated with location (plant or forest type) were detected, possibly because prey are well mixed by wind and water dispersal. Terrestrial and aquatic prey composed approximately equal fractions of prey ingested. Surface inputs were estimated at ~80 mg·m2·day1, primarily TI. Direct sampling of invertebrates from the stems of six plant species demonstrated differences in invertebrate taxa occupying different plant species and much lower TI biomass per stem for conifers compared with overstory and understory deciduous plants. Traps placed under red alder (Alnus rubra) and conifer (mix of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)) canopies consistently captured higher biomass of TI under the former. Management of riparian vegetation is likely to influence the food supply of juvenile coho and the productivity of stream food webs.
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Neville, Peter J., and Alan L. Yen. "Standardising terrestrial invertebrate biomonitoring techniques across natural and agricultural systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05268.
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Invertebrate biomonitoring is often cited as a means to assess ecological sustainability. This paper surveys the use of sampling techniques to assess invertebrate abundance and diversity within natural and agricultural systems. Results found that fewer sampling techniques were used in natural systems, with the emphasis being placed on pitfall traps, than in agricultural systems, where multiple techniques and a wide range of techniques were used to document the abundance and distribution of invertebrates. A detailed examination of pitfall trap techniques demonstrated inconsistencies in use, leading to recommendations for standardised sampling regimes to document bioindicators in natural and agricultural systems.
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Al Shehhi, Hiba, and Sabir Bin Muzaffar. "Impact of Nesting Socotra Cormorants on Terrestrial Invertebrate Communities." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070615.
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Seabirds and some inland waterbirds nest in densely aggregated colonies. Nesting activities for a duration of months could lead to large quantities of guano deposition that affects the soil chemistry, flora and fauna. We assessed the effects of nesting Socotra Cormorants on soil invertebrates on Siniya Island, United Arab Emirates. Artificial substrate traps were set in nesting and non-nesting areas to sample invertebrates both before and after nesting had occurred. Diversity of soil invertebrate taxa decreased significantly in nesting areas compared to non-nesting areas after the commencement of nesting. This indicated that nesting activities had a negative effect on diversity. Among selected taxa, isopods and spiders decreased significantly in response to nesting activities. In contrast, ants were likely affected by habitat while beetles did not change significantly in response to nesting activities, suggesting that their numbers probably fluctuated in relation to seasonality. Ticks increased significantly but only in non-nesting areas. Thus, the impact of nesting varied between taxa depending on life history and seasonality. Our observations reflect the dynamic nature of invertebrate abundance that is affected by seasonality and the hyper-abundance of nesting seabirds.
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Collett, Nick G., and Alan L. Yen. "An overview of the terrestrial invertebrates in the Victorian north central region." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10019.
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Invertebrates are the dominant faunal group in most terrestrial habitats. They play important roles, often incompletely understood, in maintaining essential ecosystem services. Despite the enormous environmental changes to the North Central Region of Victoria since European settlement, and despite the lack of information about how these changes affected the native invertebrate fauna, it is not too late to include invertebrates in the management and restoration of native habitats in the region. This paper provides an overview of our understanding about terrestrial invertebrates in the region, and provides some suggestions on how to elevate the profile and utility of invertebrates in conservation management.
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Ormerod, S. J., M. E. Jones, M. C. Jones, and D. R. Phillips. "The effects of riparian forestry on invertebrate drift and brown trout in upland streams of contrasting acidity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2004): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-578-2004.
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Abstract. Variations in macroinvertebrate drift and benthic invertebrate abundance were assessed in 30 upland Welsh streams of varying acidity (pH < 5.7 or pH.> 6.0) and riparian land-use (conifer, moorland or native broadleaf). The consequences for the diet and condition of wild brown trout Salmo trutta were also assessed. As expected from previous studies, there were significant reductions in benthic invertebrate abundance, aquatic drift density (by >60%), aquatic drift biomass (by >35%), total drift density (by >35%) and total drift biomass (by >20%) at acid sites by comparison with circumneutral sites due largely to the scarcity of mayflies. Absolute drift from terrestrial sources was unrelated to stream pH but formed a significantly greater proportion of total drift at acid sites (30-65% of density) than at circumneutral sites (20-40%) as aquatic contributions declined. Most of this apparent land use effect reflected significantly increased terrestrial drift under broadleaves. There was no significant reduction in terrestrial or aquatic drift at conifer forest sites per se after accounting for low pH. Trout diet varied substantially between locations partly reflecting variations in drift: significantly fewer mayflies and stoneflies were eaten at acid sites, and significantly more terrestrial prey were eaten under broadleaves. However, acidity did not reduce trout condition or gut-fullness. Unexpectedly, trout condition was significantly enhanced at conifer sites, irrespective of their pH. Hence, acidity has greater effects on the benthic abundance and drift density of invertebrates in upland streams than does riparian land use. However, trout forage flexibly enough to offset any possible food deficit, for example by switching to chironomids and terrestrial invertebrates. Enhanced terrestrial contributions to invertebrate drift from riparian broadleaf trees may be important in supplementing foraging opportunities for trout where aquatic prey are scarce. These data illustrate the value of native tree species in riparian locations in upland Britain and the energy subsidy they provide might well be disproportionately important for otherwise impoverished acid streams Keywords: brown trout, land-use, acidification, drift, forestry, streams
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Romero, Nicolas, Robert E. Gresswell, and Judith L. Li. "Changing patterns in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) diet and prey in a gradient of deciduous canopies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-099.
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We examined the influence of riparian vegetation patterns on coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki diet and prey from the summer of 2001 through the spring of 2002. Benthic and drifting invertebrates, allochthonous prey, and fish diet were collected from deciduous, conifer, and mixed sections of three Oregon coastal watersheds. The nine sites were best characterized as a continuum of deciduous cover, and shrub cover and proportion of deciduous canopy were positively correlated (r = 0.74). Most sources of prey (benthic invertebrate biomass, allochthonous invertebrate inputs, aquatic and total invertebrate drift) and aquatic prey ingested by coastal cutthroat trout were greater where shrub cover was more abundant. Only aquatic drift, total invertebrate drift, and allochthonous invertebrates were positively correlated with deciduous vegetation. Compared with coniferous sites, allochthonous invertebrates under deciduous and mixed canopies were almost 30% more abundant. Stream discharge likely influenced seasonal fluxes of aquatic invertebrate biomass in the benthos and drift. Aquatic insects dominated gut contents during this study; however, terrestrial prey were most common in the diet during the summer and fall. In the Pacific northwest, systematic removal of deciduous riparian vegetation to promote conifers may have unintended consequences on food resources of coastal cutthroat trout and aquatic food web interactions.
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Czechowski, Paul, Duanne White, Laurence Clarke, Alan McKay, Alan Cooper, and Mark I. Stevens. "Age-related environmental gradients influence invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (December 2016): 160296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160296.
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The potential impact of environmental change on terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems can be explored by inspecting biodiversity patterns across large-scale gradients. Unfortunately, morphology-based surveys of Antarctic invertebrates are time-consuming and limited by the cryptic nature of many taxa. We used biodiversity information derived from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to elucidate the relationship between soil properties and invertebrate biodiversity in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Across 136 analysed soil samples collected from Mount Menzies, Mawson Escarpment and Lake Terrasovoje, we found invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains significantly influenced by soil salinity and/or sulfur content. Phyla Tardigrada and Arachnida occurred predominantly in low-salinity substrates with abundant nutrients, whereas Bdelloidea (Rotifera) and Chromadorea (Nematoda) were more common in highly saline substrates. A significant correlation between invertebrate occurrence, soil salinity and time since deglaciation indicates that terrain age indirectly influences Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity, with more recently deglaciated areas supporting greater diversity. Our study demonstrates the value of HTS metabarcoding to investigate environmental constraints on inconspicuous soil biodiversity across large spatial scales.
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A. Mallick, Stephen, and Michael M. Driessen. "An inventory of the invertebrates of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 3 (2005): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050198.
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This paper summarizes the information contained in an inventory of invertebrates recorded from the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (WHA). The WHA covers an area of 1.38 million hectares in the western half of Tasmania. A total of 1397 terrestrial/freshwater species from 293 families in nine phyla are listed as occurring in the WHA. The most diverse phylum is the Uniramia (904 species, 172 families), followed by the Chelicerata (179 species, 56 families), Aschelminthes (Rotifera: 90 species, 22 families), Crustacea (88 species, 21 families), Mollusca (69 species, 14 families), Annelida (57 species, five families), Platyhelminthes (eight species, one family), and the Onychophora and Nemertea (one species each). Sixty-three marine and estuarine species from six phyla are listed for the limited area of marine/estuarine habitat within the WHA. The terrestrial/freshwater WHA invertebrate fauna is characterized by high Tasmanian endemism (46.7% of species are Tasmanian endemics), and a high proportion of species with a predominantly western-Tasmanian distribution and/or a restricted geographical range. The WHA includes the globally unique Bathurst Harbour estuarine system. The marine and estuarine invertebrate fauna of the estuary is largely undescribed, but is likely to show very high levels of Tasmanian and local endemicity. The characteristics of the WHA invertebrate fauna reflect the extant habitats of the area, as well as past geological and climatic processes that have led to their development. The WHA contains 16 threatened invertebrate species, while a total of 34 introduced terrestrial and seven introduced marine invertebrate species have been recorded from the WHA. The invertebrate fauna of the WHA contributes substantially to the World Heritage faunal values of the area. Formal description of currently undescribed material from Bathurst Harbour is likely to substantially add to the World significance of the WHA. The high level of protection afforded the WHA makes the area important for long-term invertebrate fauna conservation in Tasmania. A full inventory of species can be viewed on the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment (DPIWE) website (www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au).
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Feest, Alan, Ian Merrill, and Philippa Aukett. "Does Botanical Diversity in Sewage Treatment Reed-Bed Sites Enhance Invertebrate Biodiversity?" International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/324295.
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(1) This study examines the effect of increasing botanical diversity, through reed-bed planting and maintenance regimes, on sewage treatment reed-bed invertebrate biodiversity and the possible enrichment of overall catchment biodiversity. (2) Reed-bed invertebrates were identified as a good indicator group of overall site biodiversity quality and were sampled at a range of sewage treatment reed-bed sites in the same geographical area between May and August 2006 (plus one natural reed-bed control site). Standardised water trapping and pitfall trapping techniques were employed throughout this sampling period. (3) Statistical analysis of the sampling results revealed that the number of plant species recorded was inversely related to terrestrial invertebrate species richness, species conservation value index and biomass within the study sites. For example, the natural reed-bed sampled had the highest botanical diversity but the lowest terrestrial invertebrate species richness. (4) This study has demonstrated that sewage treatment reed-beds support a diverse range of invertebrate species, some of them being of national conservation value. This suggests that sewage treatment reed-beds may be at least as biodiverse as naturally occurring reed-beds and will add to the overall biodiversity and ecohydrology of a catchment whilst saving energy.
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Westwood, Nathan, Mollie Pearson, Erdem Mustafa, and Annette T. Scanlon. "Differences in abundance and diversity of diurnal invertebrates among three Fijian forests, and a comparison of two trapping methods for rapid assessments." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18027.
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Apart from some high-profile exceptions (e.g. charismatic long-horned beetles), the ecology and conservation of Fijian invertebrates have received little research attention, and their potential as biodiversity surrogates or indicators is poorly understood. We surveyed diurnal terrestrial invertebrates within three Fijian forest types (lowland, upland, and coastal) using Malaise traps and beating trays to compare invertebrate abundance and diversity among forests. We also evaluated the efficiency of the two trapping methods for rapid invertebrate assessments. Overall, we collected 2584 invertebrates representing 321 morphospecies within 22 arthropod orders. We found significant differences in the abundance and diversity of invertebrates among forest sites for beating-tray samples, but not for Malaise-trap samples. Upland forest had the greatest diversity (Simpsons diversity index, D = 0.98); coastal forest recorded the lowest diversity (D = 0.14), but the greatest abundance of invertebrates. Several orders of invertebrates were relatively abundant across sites and traps (i.e. had high sampling reliability; they included Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera), so could be targeted as surrogates for broader biodiversity sampling. Given the urgency with which baseline data are needed across the South Pacific, invertebrate sampling provides a rapid biodiversity assessment tool, including for working in remote areas with few resources.
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SCISCIO, LARA, TIMOTHY J. BRODERICK, PAUL M. BARRETT, DARLINGTON MUNYIKWA, MICHEL ZONDO, and JONAH N. CHOINIERE. "INVERTEBRATE AND PLANT TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE TERRESTRIAL LATE TRIASSIC OF ZIMBABWE." PALAIOS 36, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.071.
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ABSTRACT Late Triassic invertebrate and plant trace fossils are described from the Pebbly Arkose Formation of the Upper Karoo Group (Gwembe Sub-basin, Mid-Zambezi Basin), Zimbabwe. These ichnofossils appear in pedogenically modified siltstone and silty mudstone floodplain deposits and overbank fluvial channels. The ichnofossil-bearing sites show variability in their pedogenic features, maturity and preservation. Invertebrate ichnofossils are primarily recorded as horizontal, vertical and inclined burrows, sometimes branched, lined or unlined and may have an active meniscate infill. The common forms documented are Taenidium, Beaconites, Palaeophycus, Skolithos, and Planolites ispp. with some rare and more unusual morphologies (i.e., ‘Y’-shaped burrow type). Ichnofossil-bearing sites show a low-diversity but high-density of traces commonly dominated by Taenidium and Planolites ispp. The greatest diversity of invertebrate ichnofossils are within interbedded overbank sandstones in weakly pedogenically modified overbank sites. Rhizohalos and rhizoliths are common and often include carbonate infilled roots. Given the abundance and dimensions of fossilized wood and the rhizohalos and rhizoliths, the Pebbly Arkose Formation supported both large and small stature plants. Overall, the studied Pebbly Arkose Formation overbank areas are typically well-drained, calcic palaeosols subject to variable discharge, subaerial exposure, and supporting a diversity of plant and invertebrates tracemakers that lived in a semi-arid to sub-humid environment.
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Prather, Hannah M., Angélica Casanova-Katny, Andrew F. Clements, Matthew W. Chmielewski, Mehmet A. Balkan, Erin E. Shortlidge, Todd N. Rosenstiel, and Sarah M. Eppley. "Species-specific effects of passive warming in an Antarctic moss system." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 190744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190744.
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Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming results in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used open top chambers on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominant mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata , we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. In addition, we found distinct shifts in sexual expression in P . alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming may impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica's terrestrial food webs.
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Osborn, Rae. "Recent insights into the use of invertebrates as indicators of habitat quality." Science Reviews. Biology 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.57098/scirevs.biology.1.1.5.
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Invertebrates are an important part of aquatic and terrestrial systems, and are, thus, useful as indicators of environmental changes. Habitat quality can be assessed by noting changes in species composition, and relative abundances, using various indices, and by alterations in physiology and morphology of what are known as indicator species. Research shows that invertebrates can be used to indicate if habitat conditions have changed, either worsened or improved. This is why identifying indicator species is crucial. This article covers some recent findings of how invertebrate organisms can be helpful in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in indicating ecosystem and habitat deterioration. We also discuss what makes a good indicator species and the types of taxa that have been used in this way.
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Stenhouse, Iain J., H. Grant Gilchrist, and William A. Montevecchi. "Factors affecting nest-site selection of Sabine's Gulls in the eastern Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-107.
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The selection of breeding habitat is of prime importance for individual fitness. Among birds, natural selection should favour the ability to recognize and select habitat suitable for nesting and rearing chicks. This study compares the characteristics of Sabine's Gull, Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819), nest sites with random points across a coastal tundra environment on Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada. The availability of terrestrial invertebrate prey was also examined among habitats. Sabine's Gull nests were nonrandomly distributed in relation to vegetation, substrate, and proximity to water. Gulls nested within approximately 1 km of the coastline and selected sites with the greatest proportions of moss and standing water (i.e., they nested close to the edge of small freshwater ponds near shore). However, there were no detectable differences in characteristics between successful and unsuccessful nests within preferred habitat. The dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate prey communities varied between years, but the volume of invertebrates in Sabine's Gull nesting habitat was intermediate between the most productive habitats and the least productive habitats in both years. However, nest-site selection in Sabine's Gulls may also be influenced by the availability of aquatic invertebrates (not examined in this study) and their proximity to the marine coastline, where chicks are taken to be reared.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Terrestrial Invertebrates as a Bioindicators of Heavy Metals Pollution." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.1.72-79.
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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the terrestrial invertebrates in Al-Jadriyia district Baghdad- Iraq were investigated. Forth terrestrial invertebrates snails, slug, isopods, and diplopods , were selected for this study. The results showed that all invertebrate groups have the ability in accumulate considerable amounts of heavy metals. Higher levels of zinc and copper were observed in the isopods specimens, it's about ( 60.50±0.58 ) and ( 96.00±0.58 ) ppm respectively , while higher levels of lead were observed in the diplopods specimens ,it's about ( 23.00±1.15 ) ppm ,but the higher levels of both iron and cadmium were observed in snail specimens , it's about ( 590.00±1.15 ) and ( 9.50±1.15 ) ppm respectively .but the higher level between all heavy metals concentration in soil specimens were recorded in iron , zinc , lead, copper, and cadmium, it's about ( 8000.00±1.73 ) , ( 33.00±1.73 ) , ( 30.00±1.15 ) , ( 20.00±0.58 ) , and ( 10.00±1.73 ) ppm respectively .The correlation values show that most significant in some metals , while they show that non significant between in other metals .
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Kocot-Zalewska, Joanna, and Paweł Domagała. "Terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves – a summary of 100 years of research." Subterranean Biology 33 (February 13, 2020): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.33.48805.
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The year 2018 is particularly important in the history of zoological research in Poland. A hundred years ago, Kazimierz Demel published the first work concerning the terrestrial cave fauna of caves in the Ojców area. In this paper we present the extent of research on the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves in the last 100 years. All accessible research papers that have been published during this period were analysed. Based on published literature, 593 species of terrestrial invertebrate were recorded in Polish caves. Additionally, detailed list of species of individual taxonomic groups was provided.
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Keaveney, Evelyn M., Paula J. Reimer, and Robert H. Foy. "Young, Old, and Weathered Carbon—Part 2: Using Radiocarbon and Stable Isotopes to Identify Terrestrial Carbon Support of the Food Web in an Alkaline, Humic Lake." Radiocarbon 57, no. 3 (2015): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18355.
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Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analysis (SIA) has been used to identify the terrestrial subsidy of freshwater food webs. However, SIA fails to differentiate between the contributions of old and recently fixed terrestrial C and consequently cannot fully determine the source, age, and biochemical quality of terrestrial carbon. Natural abundance radiocarbon (Δ14C) was used to examine the age and origin of carbon in Lower Lough Erne, Northern Ireland. 14C and stable isotope values were obtained from invertebrate, algae, and fish samples, and the results indicate that terrestrial organic C is evident at all trophic levels. High winter δ15N values in calanoid zooplankton (δ15N = 24‰) relative to phytoplankton and particulate organic matter (δ15N = 6‰ and 12‰, respectively) may reflect several microbial trophic levels between terrestrial C and calanoid invertebrates. Winter and summer calanoid Δ14C values show a seasonal switch between autochthonous and terrestrial carbon sources. Fish Δ14C values indicate terrestrial support at the highest trophic levels in littoral and pelagic food webs. 14C therefore is useful in attributing the source of carbon in freshwater in addition to tracing the pathway of terrestrial carbon through the food web.
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Morley, N. J. "Symbiotic bacteria of helminths: what role may they play in ecosystems under anthropogenic stress?" Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 6 (January 12, 2016): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15001066.
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AbstractSymbiotic bacteria are a common feature of many animals, particularly invertebrates, from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. These bacteria have increasingly been recognized as performing an important role in maintaining invertebrate health. Both ecto- and endoparasitic helminths have also been found to harbour a range of bacterial species which provide a similar function. The part symbiotic bacteria play in sustaining homeostasis of free-living invertebrates exposed to anthropogenic pressure (climate change, pollution), and the consequences to invertebrate populations when their symbionts succumb to poor environmental conditions, are increasingly important areas of research. Helminths are also susceptible to environmental stress and their symbiotic bacteria may be a key aspect of their responses to deteriorating conditions. This article summarizes the ecophysiological relationship helminths have with symbiotic bacteria and the role they play in maintaining a healthy parasite and the relevance of specific changes that occur in free-living invertebrate–bacteria interactions under anthropogenic pressure to helminths and their bacterial communities. It also discusses the importance of understanding the mechanistic sensitivity of helminth–bacteria relationships to environmental stress for comprehending the responses of parasites to challenging conditions.
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Sánchez-Hernández, Javier. "Reciprocal Role of Salamanders in Aquatic Energy Flow Pathways." Diversity 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010032.
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Many species of salamanders (newts and salamanders per se) have a pivotal role in energy flow pathways as they include individuals functioning as prey, competitors, and predators. Here, I synthesize historic and contemporary research on the reciprocal ecological role of salamanders as predators and prey in aquatic systems. Salamanders are a keystone in ecosystem functioning through a combination of top–down control, energy transfer, nutrient cycling processes, and carbon retention. The aquatic developmental stages of salamanders are able to feed on a wide variety of invertebrate prey captured close to the bottom as well as on small conspecifics (cannibalism) or other sympatric species, but can also consume terrestrial invertebrates on the water surface. This capacity to consume allochthonous resources (terrestrial invertebrates) highlights the key role of salamanders as couplers of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (i.e., aquatic–terrestrial linkages). Salamanders are also an important food resource for other vertebrates such as fish, snakes, and mammals, covering the energy demands of these species at higher trophic levels. This study emphasizes the ecological significance of salamanders in aquatic systems as central players in energy flow pathways, enabling energy mobility among trophic levels (i.e., vertical energy flow) and between freshwater and terrestrial habitats (i.e., lateral energy flow).
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Stork, Nigel E., and Paul Eggleton. "Invertebrates as determinants and indicators of soil quality." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, no. 1-2 (June 1992): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004446.
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AbstractInvertebrates are an integral part of soils and are important in determining the suitability of soils for the sustainable production of healthy crops or trees. We discuss the importance of the soil invertebrate fauna in relation to terrestrial habitats and global biodiversity as we understand it. We describe the role of the main invertebrate groups in soils, including earthworms, termites, springtails, and nematodes, and how they determine soil quality. Practical problems in dealing with the invertebrate fauna include sampling, taxonomy and availability of biological information on species. Various measures are available that use invertebrates to assess soil quality, each with its advantages and disadvantages. They include abundance, biomass, density, species richness, trophic/guild structure, food web structure, keystone species and ecosystem engineers. We propose the three most useful and practical of these as suitable to be combined with other biological (microbial) and non-biological (hydrological, physical, chemical) criteria into a single index of soil quality that might be used on a regional, if not international basis.
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Mercer, Richard D., A. G. A. Gabriel, J. Barendse, D. J. Marshall, and S. L. Chown. "Invertebrate body sizes from Marion Island." Antarctic Science 13, no. 2 (June 2001): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000219.
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Body size was measured for 67 of the approximately 120 invertebrate species on Marion Island. These include more than 60% of the 29 acarine families, and more than 80% of the remaining terrestrial invertebrate species. Thus the data are regarded as representative of the entire invertebrate fauna of sub-Antarctic, Marion Island. Length–mass and fresh–dry mass relationships were calculated for orders, families and species to provide a means of estimating body size parameters for species in collections and those which are known from only a few specimens. A comparison of the regression slopes for the different taxonomic ranks indicates that it is better to use regressions from the lowest possible taxonomic level for prediction of body mass. Differences between length–mass relationships for Marion Island insects and continental assemblages raises the question as to the applicability of continental regressions to sub-Antarctic species. This study provides a useful means for estimating body size parameters for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic invertebrates and provides baseline data on an important species trait that seems to be changing with local and global environmental changes.
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Brunetti, Claudia, Henk Siepel, Peter Convey, Pietro Paolo Fanciulli, Francesco Nardi, and Antonio Carapelli. "Overlooked Species Diversity and Distribution in the Antarctic Mite Genus Stereotydeus." Diversity 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100506.
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In the harsh Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, invertebrates are currently confined to sparse and restricted ice free areas, where they have survived on multi-million-year timescales in refugia. The limited dispersal abilities of these invertebrate species, their specific habitat requirements, and the presence of geographical barriers can drastically reduce gene flow between populations, resulting in high genetic differentiation. On continental Antarctica, mites are one of the most diverse invertebrate groups. Recently, two new species of the free living prostigmatid mite genus Stereotydeus Berlese, 1901 were discovered, bringing the number of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species of this genus up to 15, of which 7 occur along the coast of Victoria Land and in the Transantarctic Mountains. To examine the biodiversity of Stereotydeus spp., the present study combines phylogenetic, morphological and population genetic data of specimens collected from nine localities in Victoria Land. Genetically distinct intraspecific groups are spatially isolated in northern Victoria Land, while, for other species, the genetic haplogroups more often occur sympatrically in southern Victoria Land. We provide a new distribution map for the Stereotydeus species of Victoria Land, which will assist future decisions in matters of the protection and conservation of the unique Antarctic terrestrial fauna.
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Van Hieu, Pham, Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha, Luu Viet Dung, and Koji Omori. "Carbon Sources Supporting Macro-Invertebrate Communities in Restored Mangrove Forests from Hau Loc, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090651.
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Mangrove forests are important in providing habitats for complex communities of terrestrial and marine fauna. Moreover, they are recognized as highly productive ecosystems in providing nutrients to mangrove food webs or exporting them to nearby coastal waters. In the present study, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were applied to examine the changes in the diets of benthic invertebrate communities following mangrove restoration. The isotope signature of invertebrate tissues varied among the forest ages and locations and ranged from 3.7 ± 1.0 to 13.9 ± 1.1‰ and −26.6 ± 0.5 to −15.0 ± 0.4‰ for δ15N and δ13C, respectively. The results showed that the food source assimilation of macro-invertebrates is slightly altered from a mixture of benthic microalgae and marine phytoplankton in the mudflat to a combination of benthic microalgae and sediment organic matter in the Sonneratia caseolaris and the Kandelia obovata forests. Therefore, the diets of macro-invertebrates varied following forest ages and the position of the forest in the intertidal zone. These insights from the present study are useful for the effective conservation and restoration of mangrove forests in Vietnam and worldwide.
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COULSON, STEPHEN JAMES. "Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of the High Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard." Zootaxa 1448, no. 1 (April 16, 2007): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1448.1.2.
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An overview of the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is presented. Sixty seven additional species to the previous checklist are listed and the described terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of Svalbard now stands at 1,107 species. Species presented are cross referenced to the literature. A brief comparison with the invertebrate fauna of Greenland indicates that Svalbard may be under-represented in Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera but over-represented in Collembola and Acari. However, since 82% of Svalbard primary source manuscripts originate from three locations along the west coast, there is a resulting likely bias in our knowledge of the invertebrate fauna. The west coast has a mild climate for the northerly latitude due to the influence of the West Spitsbergen Current, a northerly flowing branch of the North Atlantic Drift. The faunistically poorly known east coast is hypothesised to have a different invertebrate fauna due to the predominant winds and currents originating from the north east and hence this coast will have a different history of immigration and colonization from the west coast. The use of checklists is therefore cautioned due to possible sampling bias and omissions created by a concentration of work on popular groups and at a limited number of localities. However, this does not detract from their importance as baseline databases, especially during a period of rapid environmental change
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Exbrayat, Jean-Marie, Elara N. Moudilou, and Emmanuel Lapied. "Harmful Effects of Nanoparticles on Animals." Journal of Nanotechnology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861092.
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Since several years nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by industries and used in several fields of activities. They are finally found in aquatic and terrestrial environments, where they are ingested by living organisms in which they accumulate, before being eliminated. In organisms, NPs represent foreign elements with their own physicochemical properties due to their small size. So NPs may interfere with the normal physiological mechanisms of the embryos, growing animals, and adults, and it is indispensable to understand their potentially direct or indirect harmful effects on living organisms. It has been already shown that NPs could be toxic to bacteria, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. In this review, several examples of recent studies are given. We will examine successively the effects of NPs on terrestrial and semiaquatic and aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
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Stryjecki, Robert, Andrzej Zawal, Tomasz Krepski, Edyta Stępień, Edyta Buczyńska, Paweł Buczyński, Stanisław Czachorowski, et al. "Anthropogenic transformations of river ecosystems are not always bad for the environment: Multi-taxa analyses of changes in aquatic and terrestrial environments after dredging of a small lowland river." PeerJ 9 (September 29, 2021): e12224. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12224.
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Rivers are one of the most commonly transformed aquatic ecosystems. Most papers present significantly negative effects of activities such as dredging or channel regulation on the ecological status of rivers. The purpose of this work was to compare the response of various groups of invertebrates (Mollusca, Hydrachnidia, Odonata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera) to an intervention involving dredging in conjunction with the removal of riparian vegetation. Habitat diversity increased after the dredging, and more individuals and species were caught than before the dredging. The increase in habitat diversity after the dredging translated into an increase in the species diversity of most investigated groups. Individual groups of invertebrates showed varied responses to the dredging, depending on the role of the terrestrial phase in their life cycle: the greater the role of the terrestrial phase in the life cycle, the more the group was affected by changes in the terrestrial environment following the intervention. In consequence, the intervention had the greatest negative impact on insects, and among these, on adult Odonata. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Dredging can benefit a previously anthropogenically transformed river ecosystem by increasing habitat diversity; (2) Odonata are particularly useful for assessing the impact of this type of intervention on invertebrate communities. They can be considered good indicators of habitat disturbances in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Coulson, Stephen James. "The terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the Svalbard archipelago in a changing world: history of research and challenges." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.110.
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AbstractThe High Arctic represents a unique environment, an environment from where knowledge is limited and which is currently experiencing rapid change. The archipelago of Svalbard in the European High Arctic possesses a terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna that is distinctive and diverse. However, the majority of studies concentrate on the fauna of the comparatively mild west coast. Very few investigations of the colder east coast exist. Furthermore, scientific investigations are relatively recent. Scientific records of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna begin in the mid-19th century with species inventories and community descriptions but experimental field-based studies and physiological investigations did not commence until the 1980s. Some 570 articles consider this fauna, 54% of which have appeared since 1990. There is hence a dramatic and rapid increase in our understanding, which is not only improving our comprehension of Arctic ecosystem functioning but also providing a baseline for environmental change studies. Due to a largely pristine environment, a political focus and relative ease of logistics, Svalbard is set to become a focus of such studies. This article considers the state of knowledge of the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of Svalbard, current research, and discusses the threats to the distinctive communities.
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Vittori, Miloš, and Miha Dominko. "A bibliometric analysis of research on terrestrial isopods." ZooKeys 1101 (May 18, 2022): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.81016.
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Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are crustaceans that thrive in terrestrial environments. This study provides an overview of the major topics in terrestrial isopod research during the last 70 years in order to provide an example of publication practices in invertebrate zoology and to examine how basic research in this area is transferred to its applications. Co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling based on citation data from the Web of Science Core Collection was used. Findings show that while research on terrestrial isopods expanded in applicative research prioritised by research policies, basic research continues to flourish. The most productive countries in the field include the major developed economies and several smaller nations. In the smaller countries, as well as in France and Italy, the bulk of woodlouse research is performed at a few institutions with traditions in this field. Some of the most influential works have been published in periodicals or monographs that are not indexed in Web of Science or Scopus and lack impact factors. Conference proceedings represent some of the most influential publications in the field. Our findings indicate that smaller and developing economies make significant contributions in invertebrate zoology if their research organisations can achieve continuity of research on a topic. Another conclusion is that journal metrics may be a misleading descriptor of the impact of studies and researchers in this field. Ultimately, these results identify several examples of how basic research in invertebrate zoology leads to applications with considerable socio-economic impact.
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Downie, R. H., P. Convey, S. J. McInnes, and P. J. A. Pugh. "The non-marine invertebrate fauna of Deception Island (Maritime Antarctic): a baseline for a comprehensive biodiversity database." Polar Record 36, no. 199 (October 2000): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016788.
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AbstractA small collection of samples from terrestrial and fresh-water habitats on Deception Island in the Maritime Antarctic South Shetland archipelago yielded 14 invertebrate taxa, including four species, which are new to the island. The database of the total Deception fauna contains 57 invertebrate taxa. These, like the flora, show evidence of posteruption colonisation by Antarctic and South American immigrant species, and historic human impact. This baseline inventory allows future monitoring of natural and anthropogenic changes to invertebrate fauna of Deception Island.
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Trueman, J. W., and P. S. Cranston. "Prospects for the rapid assessment of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity." Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 56, no. 2 (1997): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.23.
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Campbell, Joshua W., Alexandra Tsalickis, Anthony Cuminale, and Anthony Abbate. "Does allochthonous leaf litter structure terrestrial cave invertebrate assemblages?" Journal of Natural History 55, no. 15-16 (April 18, 2021): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1930226.
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Nsor, Collins Ayine, Samuel K. Oppong, Emmanuel Danquah, Michael Ochem, and Osei Owusu Antobre. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate assemblages in the riparian zone of the Wewe river, Ashanti region, Ghana." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (June 13, 2020): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0037.
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AbstractThis study assessed invertebrate response to disturbances in the riparian zone of the Wewe river, using geometric series, rarefaction, Renyi diversity, and CCA models. We sampled 2,077 individuals (dry season) and 2,282 (wet season) belonging to 16 invertebrate orders. The severely disturbed habitat registered the highest individuals (n = 1,999), while the least was the moderately disturbed habitat (n = 740). Seasonal assemblages were not significantly different. Fire, farming, tree felling, and erosion explained 66.8% and 60.55% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, of variations in invertebrate assemblages. This suggests threats to the invertebrate community and the riparian ecosystem health by anthropogenic interventions.
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Van Aardt, W. J. "Respirometrie — soos toegepas op terrestriële en akwatiese invertebrate." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 9, no. 4 (July 8, 1990): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v9i4.470.
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A review is presented of the apparatus and techniques used to determine the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂) of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. The classic manometric method (especially constant pressure respirometry) has been extensively used in the past to measure MO₂. At present this method is still being used with success for small invertebrates weighing less than 1 mg in live weight. The more modern electrochemical techniques have the advantage that measurements can be made over longer time intervals because these instruments are better suited to automation. MO₂ measurements were first performed on aquatic animals with polarographic oxygen sensors. After the invention of the zirkonium oxygen sensor it is now possible to make accurate measurements of MO₂ on bigger terrestrial invertebrates.
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York, Alan. "Invertebrates and fire—challenges and opportunities for conserving biodiversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 124, no. 1 (2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs12047.
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Fires, whether planned or unplanned, impact upon a suite of organisms in natural ecosystems. Direct (short-term) and indirect (longer term) effects influence the composition and structure of invertebrate communities through the interaction of site history, characteristics of individual fire events and species life-history traits. Prediction of fire responses based on vascular plant species life-history traits, and the development of a functional classification based on shared traits, underpins current fire management in south-eastern Australia. Can a similar approach be developed for terrestrial invertebrates, or should we focus on utilising a framework based on surrogates developed around vegetation composition and structure, or taxonomic alternatives? This paper considers whether the use of surrogates offers promise as a strategy of dealing with the complexity of invertebrate biodiversity and associated issues surrounding fire management. It proposes a functional approach, based on species’ life-history traits, that can complement existing strategies; and identifies opportunities that have potential for resolving existing challenges in biodiversity conservation in fire-prone environments.
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Nakano, Shigeru, Kurt D. Fausch, Itsuro Koizumi, Yoichiro Kanno, Yoshinori Taniguchi, Satoshi Kitano, and Yo Miyake. "Evaluating a pattern of ecological character displacement: charr jaw morphology and diet diverge in sympatry versus allopatry across catchments in Hokkaido, Japan." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz183.
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Abstract Similar species that overlap in sympatry may diverge in characters related to resource use as a result of evolution or phenotypic plasticity. Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) and whitespotted charr (S. leucomaenis) overlap along streams in Hokkaido, Japan, and compete by interference for invertebrate drift-foraging positions. Previous research has shown that as drift declines during summer, Dolly Varden shift foraging modes to capture benthic prey, a behaviour facilitated by their subterminal jaw morphology. We compare body and jaw morphology of Dolly Varden in sympatry vs. allopatry in two locations to test for character displacement. Statistical analysis showed significant divergence in characters related to foraging, which was correlated with variation in individual charr diets. Dolly Varden in sympatry had shorter heads and lower jaws than in allopatry, and even within sites charr with these characteristics fed less on drifting terrestrial invertebrates but more on benthic aquatic invertebrates. Those in allopatry had longer heads and lower jaws, and fed more on terrestrial invertebrates. The close proximity of sites in one stream suggests that Dolly Varden may display phenotypic plasticity similar to other charr, allowing rapid responses in morphology to the presence of competitors. These morphological shifts probably help them maintain positive fitness when competing with whitespotted charr in Hokkaido streams.
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Wolstenholme, Paul, and Scott M. Pedley. "Permeability of commercial landscapes: integrating plantation forest trackways into ecological networks." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 5 (March 17, 2021): 1459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01229-3.
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AbstractContextReconnecting fragmented habitat is a major challenge in biodiversity conservation. It is especially important in landscapes that have undergone significant change through agriculture and forestry conversion. This is particularly prevalent within heathland regions across Western Europe where remaining fragments are significantly isolated in intensely managed landscapes.ObjectivesThis study examines to what extent forest trackways can facilitate connectivity between open patches, and how invertebrate dispersal ability (terrestrial or aerial) influences functional landscape connectivity. We also investigate a range of management scenarios to examine the efficacy of landscape management plans to facilitate connectivity for vulnerable invertebrate communities.MethodsWe develop thePath-Cost Index(PCI) that combines multiple environmental factors to quantify species-specific habitat suitability within forestry trackways. ThePCIgenerates dispersal cost values for resistance-based connectivity models that represent specific forest environments and species/guild responses. We demonstrate the use of this index through the modelling of least-cost pathways for heathland invertebrates and test management scenarios (clustered and contiguous habitat improvements) developed to support heathland biodiversity.ResultsThe plantation landscape provided significant barriers for vulnerable heathland invertebrate guilds. Landscape metrics indicate that management plans incorporating contiguous corridors would provide significantly greater improvements over clustered corridors for target invertebrate guilds in our study landscape.ConclusionThePCIpresented in this study delivered easily definable resistance costs allowing comparative assessment of landscape enhancements plans. ThePCIcan be easily adapted to other linear features and landscapes, affording a low-cost tool to assist the evaluation of management plans and biological networks.
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Brad, Traian, Sanda Iepure, and Serban M. Sarbu. "The Chemoautotrophically Based Movile Cave Groundwater Ecosystem, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity." Diversity 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030128.
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Movile Cave hosts one of the world’s most diverse subsurface invertebrate communities. In the absence of matter and energy input from the surface, this ecosystem relies entirely on in situ primary productivity by chemoautotrophic microorganisms. The energy source for these microorganisms is the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide provided continuously from the deep thermomineral aquifer, alongside methane, and ammonium. The microbial biofilms that cover the water surface, the cave walls, and the sediments, along with the free-swimming microorganisms, represent the food that protists, rotifers, nematodes, gastropods, and crustacean rely on. Voracious water-scorpions, leeches, and planarians form the peak of the aquatic food web in Movile Cave. The terrestrial community is even more diverse. It is composed of various species of worms, isopods, pseudoscorpions, spiders, centipedes, millipedes, springtails, diplurans, and beetles. An updated list of invertebrate species thriving in Movile Cave is provided herein. With 52 invertebrate species (21 aquatic and 31 terrestrial), of which 37 are endemic for this unusual, but fascinating environment, Movile Cave is the first known chemosynthesis-based groundwater ecosystem. Therefore, Movile Cave deserves stringent attention and protection.
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Rodríguez, Jonatan, Ana Novoa, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera, David M. Richardson, and Luís González. "Biogeographical comparison of terrestrial invertebrates and trophic feeding guilds in the native and invasive ranges of Carpobrotus edulis." NeoBiota 56 (May 14, 2020): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.56.49087.
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Plant invasions impact on biodiversity by altering the composition of native communities by disrupting taxonomic and functional diversity. Non-native plants are often released from their natural enemies, which might result in a reduction of the attack of primary consumers. However, they can also be exposed to the attack of new herbivores that they might not be able to tolerate. Hence, invertebrate communities can be influenced by invasive non-native plants, which in turn modify interactions and change environmental conditions. In this study, we examined the compositional and trophic diversity of invertebrate species, comparing ecosystems with and without the plant species Carpobrotus edulis in coastal areas in its native (South Africa) and introduced (Iberian Peninsula) ranges. Results show that C. edulis has a clear impact on invertebrate communities in its non-native range, reducing their abundance in invaded areas, and particularly affecting certain trophic groups. Invasive C. edulis also alters the invertebrate diversity by not only reducing abundance but also by altering species composition. Overall, the physical dominance of C. edulis modifies the co-occurrence of invertebrate assemblages, reducing the number of trophic groups and leading to substantial effects on primary consumers. Results suggest that the lack of natural enemies might be an important driver of the expansion of C. edulis in its introduced range. Further work is needed to examine long-term changes caused by non-native plants on invertebrate assemblages and the subsequent modification of biological interactions.
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Callan, Shae K., Jonathan D. Majer, Karl Edwards, and Dorian Moro. "Documenting the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 50, no. 4 (April 4, 2011): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00818.x.
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Jackson, D., D. Copplestone, D. M. Stone, and G. M. Smith. "Terrestrial invertebrate population studies in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, Ukraine." Radioprotection 40 (May 2005): S857—S863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro:2005s1-126.
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Majer, Jonathan D., Shae K. Callan, Karl Edwards, Nihara R. Gunawardene, and Christopher K. Taylor. "Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 83, no. 1 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.83.2013.013-112.
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Molfini, M., M. Zapparoli, P. Genovesi, L. Carnevali, P. Audisio, A. Di Giulio, and M. A. Bologna. "A preliminary prioritized list of Italian alien terrestrial invertebrate species." Biological Invasions 22, no. 8 (May 15, 2020): 2385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02274-w.
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Frenot, Yves, Philippe Vernon, and Alain Bellido. "A bibliography of terrestrial ecosystems on Iles Crozet, Indian Ocean." Polar Record 25, no. 153 (April 1989): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400010421.
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AbstractThis research bibliography gives a brief ecological account of lies Crozet (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises) and lists over 370 studies in terrestrial and freshwater ecology (including laboratory studies) under five headings — history and general aspects, earth sciences, botany, invertebrate fauna, vertebrate fauna.
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Li, Judith L., William J. Gerth, Richard P. Van Driesche, Doug S. Bateman, and Alan T. Herlihy. "Seasonal and spatial fluctuations in Oncorhynchus trout diet in a temperate mixed-forest watershed." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 11 (November 2016): 1642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0520.
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To examine seasonal and spatial factors affecting prey consumption by Oncorhynchus trout, we examined trout diet from mainstem and tributary sites at Hinkle Creek, Oregon. Benthic invertebrate densities were similar across seasons and did not differ between tributaries and the mainstem. Fluctuations in diet followed seasonal changes in invertebrate sizes and abundances. Average prey biomass consumed was positively correlated with fish size. Consumption rates were high in spring and summer but fell significantly in fall when fewer and smaller prey were eaten. A switch in consumption from 36% terrestrial prey biomass in spring to 85% in summer coincided with an increase in terrestrial prey size and a decrease in benthic prey size. Location within the watershed also affected prey consumption. Despite similarities in diet composition, tributary trout consumed somewhat more biomass than trout in the mainstem but grew relatively slower. Because stream fishes such as Oncorhynchus trout feed opportunistically on varied prey, studies incorporating multiple seasons and stream types are important to understanding energy exchanges between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Brownstein, Chase D. "Trace fossils on dinosaur bones reveal ecosystem dynamics along the coast of eastern North America during the latest Cretaceous." PeerJ 6 (June 11, 2018): e4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4973.
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Direct evidence of paleoecological processes is often rare when the fossil record is poor, as in the case of the Cretaceous of eastern North America. Here, I describe a femur and partial tibia shaft assignable to theropods from two Late Cretaceous sites in New Jersey. The former, identifiable as the femur of a large ornithomimosaur, bears several scores interpreted as shark feeding traces. The tibia shaft has punctures and flaked bone from the bites of mid-sized crocodyliforms, the first documented occurrence of crocodyliform traces on dinosaur bone from the Maastrichtian of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The surface of the partial tibia is also littered with indentations interpreted as the traces of invertebrates, revealing a microcosm of biological interaction on the coastal seafloor of the Cretaceous Atlantic Ocean. Massive crocodyliforms, such as Deinosuchus rugosus and the slightly smaller Deltasuchus motherali, maintained the role of terrestrial vertebrate taphonomic process drivers in eastern North America during the Cretaceous. The report of crocodyliform bite marks on the ornithomimosaur tibia shaft in this manuscript reinforces the importance of the role of crocodyliforms in the modification of terrestrial vertebrate remains during the Cretaceous in North America. The preserved invertebrate traces add to the sparse record of the presence of barnacles and other marine invertebrates on dinosaur bone, and the evidence of shark feeding on the ornithomimosaur femur support the “bloat-and-float” model of terrestrial vertebrate fossil deposition in marine deposits from the Cretaceous of eastern North America.
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Zhukov, Olexander, Olga Kunah, Marina Fedushko, Anna Babchenko, and Ava Umerova. "Temporal Aspect of the Terrestrial Invertebrate Response to Moisture Dynamic in Technosols formed after Reclamation at a Post-Mining Site in Ukrainian Steppe Drylands." Ekológia (Bratislava) 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2021-0020.
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Abstract Different approaches were applied to assess soil moisture optima and tolerance of the ecological niche temporal projection of terrestrial invertebrates within an experimental polygon created to investigate the reclamation processes after deep underground hard-rock mining in the Ukrainian steppe drylands. Sampling was carried out in 2013–2015 on a variant of artificial soil (technosols). To investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the abundance, species richness and species composition of invertebrate assemblages the animals were sampled using pitfall traps. The readily available water for plants, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric humidity, and atmospheric pressure were used as environmental predictors. The two-dimension geographic coordinates of the sampling locations were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables. Time series of sampling dates were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based temporal variables. Weighted averaging, generalized linear mixed models, Huisman-Olff-Fresco models expanded by Jansen-Oksanen, correspondence analysis, and constrained correspondence analysis were used to estimate soil moisture species optima and tolerance. The moisture content in the technosols was revealed to be the most important factor determining the temporal dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate community in conditions of semi-arid climate and the ecosystem which formed as a result of the reclamation process. The species response to the soil water content is affected not only by the soil water content but also by the complex of the other environmental, temporal, and spatial factors. The effect of other factors on the species response must be extracted previously to find real estimations of the species optima and tolerance.
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Dumnicka, Elżbieta, Joanna Galas, Joanna Karlikowska, and Norbert Sznober. "Temporary co-existence of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates in shallow periodically flooded and frozen cave." Biologia 70, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2015-0142.
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Abstract The effect of specific microclimatic conditions and temporary flooding on terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate community composition as well as on parietal fauna was investigated in a cave located on the Krakow-Wieluń Upland. Studies of the fauna started after partial water retreat from the cave. Microclimate conditions and water chemistry parameters were also investigated. Due to the cave geometry and its size, temperatures recorded during summer were relatively high, whereas almost all its parts were frozen in winter. Temporary cave flooding promoted reproducing populations of Asellus aquaticus, Pseudocandona sarsi and copepods (Diacyclops bicuspidatus, Megacyclops viridis). Completely depigmented (including eyes), slightly, as well as fully pigmented individuals of A. aquaticus were found. Some dipterans started to reproduce in the flooded cave but drying stopped their development. Some taxa typical for terrestrial habitats (Collembola and Acari) and for parietal fauna (spider Meta menardi, moth Triphosa dubitata, dipterans from families Helomyzidae and Mycethophilidae) were not observed. Moreover, cave freezing significantly diminished the number of Culicidae, Oniscus sp., gastropods and Nesticus cellulanus wintering in the cave. The recolonization process was possible due to the cave location at the shallow subsurface and multiple entrances. The diversity of terrestrial invertebrates in the cave is very low as the effect of periodical flooding and freezing.
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Babchenko, A. V., M. P. Fedushko, and E. I. Timchiy. "The response of invertebrate communities to a moisture gradient in artificial soils of Ukrainian steppe arid zone." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_302.
Full textAbstract:
Animals were sampled within the experimental area using traps to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in abundance, species richness, and species composition of invertebrate communities. A total of 60 traps were operated simultaneously during each sampling period. Traps were emptied 26 times every 7-9 days each year. Plant water availability, precipitation, wind speed, air temperature (minimum, maximum, daily mean), air humidity, and atmospheric pressure were used as ecological predictors of invertebrate community status and structure. Two-dimensional geographic coordinates of sampling locations were used to create a set of orthogonal spatial variables based on eigenvectors. We used time series of sampling dates to produce a set of orthogonal eigenvector time variables. The moisture content in technosols was the most important factor determining the terrestrial invertebrate community's temporal dynamics under semi-arid climate and reclaimed ecosystem conditions. Each ecological group of terrestrial invertebrates is homogeneous in terms of moisture gradient (xerophilic, xerozoophilic, mesophilic) and has a specific set of patterns best explain the species response to water content in technosols. However, one should consider the fact that the species response to soil water content is influenced not only by soil water content but also by a complex of other environmental, temporal and spatial factors. That is why the effect of other factors on the species response must be extracted previously to find real estimations of the species optima and tolerance. This task can be solved using the constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) or constrained redundancy analysis (RDA) depending on the type of response to ecological factors prevailing in the community – monotone or unimodal. We found that in more dry conditions, the prevalent species responses are unimodal asymmetric, in moister – bimodal, and in moderate conditions, the distributions are symmetric unimodal. The asymmetric species response to soil moisture in different parts of the soil humidity range may be assumed as predominantly due to the abiotic factors in the gradient's aridest margin and due predominantly to the biotic factors in the most humid margin of the gradient.