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Journal articles on the topic 'Terrestrial ecotoxicity'

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Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Tsalidis, Georgios Archimidis. "Human Health and Ecosystem Quality Benefits with Life Cycle Assessment Due to Fungicides Elimination in Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020846.

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Industrial agriculture results in environmental burdens due to the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. Fungicides is a class of pesticides whose application contributes (among others) to human toxicity and ecotoxicity. The European Union aims to increase organic agriculture. For this reason, this work aims to analyze climate change, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human toxicity, (terrestrial) acidification, and freshwater eutrophication impacts of fungicides and calculate expected benefits to human health (per European citizen) and ecosystem quality (terrestrial) with life cycle assessment (LCA) during crop production. The Scopus database was searched for LCA studies that considered the application of fungicides to specific crops. The analysis shows how many systemic and contact fungicides were considered by LCA studies and what was the applied dosage. Furthermore, it shows that fungicides highly contribute to freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and freshwater eutrophication for fruits and vegetables, but to a low extent compared to all considered environmental impacts in the case of cereals and rapeseed. Expected benefits to human health and ecosystem quality after fungicides elimination are greater for fruits and vegetables, ranging between 0 to 47 min per European citizen in a year and 0 to 90 species per year, respectively.
2

Gonzalez, Victoria, Xingqiu Lou, and Ting Chi. "Evaluating Environmental Impact of Natural and Synthetic Fibers: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (May 7, 2023): 7670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097670.

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This research aims to analyze the environmental impact of six fibers in the textile industry: conventional and organic cotton, silk, jute, flax, and polyester. The study used a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology with a cradle-to-gate system boundary and analyzed the stages of agriculture, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In agriculture production, five impact categories (i.e., fossil resource scarcity, global warming, land use, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and water consumption) have the most significant differences across these fibers. Polyester production significantly impacted the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact category, while stratospheric ozone depletion had a minor impact. In yarn preparation and spinning, silk has the most significant impact in most categories, followed by conventional cotton, while jute had the most minimal impact. In weaving, the most visible differences were in fossil resource scarcity, global warming, land use, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and water consumption. Conventional cotton dyeing showed significant impacts on global warming potential and terrestrial ecotoxicity. This study contributes to the limited literature on existing LCA research in the textile industry. Adding updated information will help increase the comprehension of LCA research and guide stakeholders in transitioning fashion supply chains more sustainably.
3

Hribova, Sarka, Milada Vavrova, and Helena Zlamalova Gargosova. "Are Terrestrial Organisms Able to Live in Contaminated Soil after Fire-Fighting?" Materials Science Forum 851 (April 2016): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.851.125.

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There was performed test of ecotoxicity with using earthworm Eisenia Fetida as chief representative of terrestrial organisms in the study. Soil matrix LUFA 2.3 was selected as a model of natural soil environment. Tested FEAs were follows: Sthamex F-15, Moussol-APS F-15 and Finiflam F-15. For experimental purposes, laboratory installation for infiltration was designed and compiled. Infiltration of three FEAs solutions was done before the ecotoxicity testing. Contaminated soil after infiltration was tested for semi-chronic ecotoxicity and reproduction ecotoxicity then. Introductory results indicates differences between each FEA, caused by various composition. Sthamex F-15 was determined as the most ecotoxic agent at all. Whilst Moussol-APS F-15 was evaluated as the agent with least ecotoxicity effect.
4

Imtiaz, Lahiba, Sardar Kashif-ur-Rehman, Wesam Salah Alaloul, Kashif Nazir, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Fahid Aslam, and Muhammad Ali Musarat. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Geopolymer Concrete, and Recycled Aggregate-Based Geopolymer Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 13515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413515.

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This study presents a life cycle impact assessment of OPC concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, geopolymer concrete, and recycled aggregate-based geopolymer concrete by using the mid-point approach of the CML 2001 impact-assessment method. The life cycle impact assessment was carried out using OpenLCA software with nine different impact categories, such as global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential, photochemical oxidant formation, human toxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, and freshwater and terrestrial aquatic ecotoxicity potential. Subsequently, a contribution analysis was conducted for all nine impact categories. The analysis showed that using geopolymer concrete in place of OPC concrete can reduce global warming potential by up to 53.7%. Further, the use of geopolymer concrete represents the reduction of acidification potential and photochemical oxidant formation in the impact categories, along with climate change. However, the potential impacts of marine aquatic ecotoxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential, and terrestrial aquatic ecotoxicity potential were increased using geopolymer concrete. The increase in these impacts was due to the presence of alkaline activators such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The use of recycled aggregates in both OPC concrete and geopolymer concrete reduces all the environmental impacts.
5

Mungkung, Rattanawan, Saruda Sitthikitpanya, Sarocha Dangsiri, and Shabbir H. Gheewala. "Life Cycle Assessment of Thai Hom Mali Rice to Support the Policy Decision on Organic Farming Area Expansion." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 6003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156003.

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Thailand has a strategic national policy to increase organic rice farming. This study firstly applied Life Cycle Assessment for evaluating the quantitative environmental impacts at the regional and national levels to facilitate the national policy decision on the expansion of organic rice cultivation areas. The impact categories of interest included global warming, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and freshwater ecotoxicity, and the life cycle impact assessment method applied was ReCiPe. The results showed that the life cycle environmental impacts from organic rice cultivation in the nine provinces in the North were lower than those from the 12 provinces in the Northeast, due mainly to the higher yields and lower use of fertilizers in the former. The methane emissions in the North (11,147 kg CO2e/ha) were similar to those in the Northeast (11,378 kg CO2e/ha). However, nitrous oxide emissions in the Northeast were higher than in the North due to the higher amounts of fertilizer used. If Thailand expands the rice farming by 50% in the North and by 50% in the Northeast, the greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced from 11,400 to 11,100 kg CO2e/ha, but the impacts of terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and freshwater ecotoxicity could be increased by 0.0257 kg PO4e (95%), 0.508 kg 1,4-DBe (53%), and 33.1 kg 1,4-DBe (17%), respectively. To reduce the global warming as well as other environmental impacts, Thailand should expand rice farming areas to the North. This information could be useful for supporting the policy decisions on which areas the organic rice farming should be expanded in to minimize the potential life cycle environmental impacts.
6

Rashedi, A., Taslima Khanam, and Mirjam Jonkman. "On Reduced Consumption of Fossil Fuels in 2020 and Its Consequences in Global Environment and Exergy Demand." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226048.

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As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a sudden and abrupt change in global energy landscape. Traditional fossil fuels that serve as the linchpin of modern civilization have found their consumption has rapidly fallen across most categories due to strict lockdown and stringent measures that have been adopted to suppress the disease. These changes consequently steered various environmental benefits across the world in recent time. The present article is an attempt to investigate these environmental benefits and reversals that have been materialized in this unfolding situation due to reduced consumption of fossil fuels. The life cycle assessment tool was used hereby to evaluate nine environmental impacts and one energy based impact. These impacts include ozone formation (terrestrial ecosystems), terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, land use, mineral resources scarcity, and cumulative exergy demand. Outcomes from the study demonstrate that COVID-19 has delivered impressive changes in global environment and life cycle exergy demand, with about 11–25% curtailment in all the above-mentioned impacts in 2020 in comparison to their corresponding readings in 2019.
7

Plouffe, Geneviève, Cécile Bulle, and Louise Deschênes. "Characterization factors for zinc terrestrial ecotoxicity including speciation." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21, no. 4 (February 3, 2016): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1037-5.

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Tiepo, Erasmo N., Albertina X. R. Corrêa, Charrid Resgalla, Sylvie Cotelle, Jean-François Férard, and Claudemir M. Radetski. "Terrestrial short-term ecotoxicity of a green formicide." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73, no. 5 (July 2010): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.009.

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Peric, Brezana, Esther Martí, Jordi Sierra, Robert Cruañas, Miguel Iglesias, and Maria Antonia Garau. "Terrestrial ecotoxicity of short aliphatic protic ionic liquids." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 12 (October 14, 2011): 2802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.683.

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Hong, Jing Min, Zainab Z. Ismail, and Jing Lan Hong. "Economic and Environmental Assessment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Wastewater Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2929.

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A cost combined life cycle environmental assessment was carried out to estimate the economic and environmental impact of wastewater treatment in the pulp production site of China. Results showed that the impact seen from abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, and marine aquatic ecotoxicity categories represented an important contribution to the overall environmental impact, while the impact seen from human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and photochemical oxidation categories played relatively small role. Specifically, the machine, electricity, coagulant production processes had the highest contribution to the overall environmental and economic impact. Improving electricity and chemicals applications efficiency are the efficient way to minimize overall environmental and economic impacts.
11

Allen, H. E., Lin Yanqing, and D. M. Di Toro. "Ecotoxicity of Ni in soil." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.367.

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AbstractAssessing metal contamination of soils has been a difficult task because the metal concentration in soil is not directly correlated to its potential effects. We review an approach, termed the Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model (TBLM), in which partitioning of metal from soil to soil solution is modelled and the metal in solution interacts with an organism, the biotic ligand, to cause toxicity. The toxicity is modulated by other cations in the soil solution, principally H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. New results for the model using Ni as the toxic species and barley root elongation as the biological response are presented.
12

Esteves, Rafael Alves, and Roberto Guimarães Pereira. "Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions." Independent Journal of Management & Production 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v8i4.644.

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The present paper sought compare the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of biodiesel production obtained from the two raw materials most used in Brazil (soybean oil and beef tallow) through the process ethyl transesterification in an alkaline medium. The reference flow adopted for the work was the generation of power supplied 1GJ from the produced biodiesel. The data used in the inventory life cycle were calculated based on similar scientific papers. The method of assessment of environmental impacts chosen was the CML 2001 modified. Altogether, it were analyzed nine categories of environmental impacts for both processes (abiotic depletion (kg Sb eq), land use (m2a), global warming (kg CO2 eq), ozone layer depletion (kg CFC-11 eq), human toxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), terrestrial ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq), acidification (kg SO2 eq) and eutrophication (kg PO43- eq)). The results of evaluation of environmental impacts show that the biodiesel production process from soybean oil presents major environmental damage in seven categories of analyzed impacts (destruction of abiotic resources, destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication). The production process of biodiesel from tallow presents major environmental damage in two categories of impacts analyzed (land use and global warming). However, the results show that the absolute values of environmental damage caused by impacts of the production process using beef tallow are much more aggressive.
13

Kim, yong yeon, geum seon Oh, and dong hak Park. "Life cycle assessment of drinking water treatment process." Korean Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 8, no. 1 (May 2007): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.62765/kjlca.2007.8.1.41.

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This study is about practicing LCA on the water treatment plant. The Environmental impact categories used is Abiotic resource depletion potentials, Global Warming potentials, Ozone depletion potentials, Acidification potentials, Photochemical oxidant creation potentials, Eutrophication potentials, Freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potentials. Terrestrial ecotoxicity potentials, Human toxicity potentials. As a result of LCA, The most impact categories to produce clean water is abiotic resources depletion potentials(27.13%). The most burdening stage in the entire production and supply system is transportation process of dehydrated sludge (89.2%) and chemicals(16.28%). It is important for Go-San WTP to shorten the transport distance for reducing environmental impact.
14

Čižmárová, Oľga, Ronald Zakhar, and Ján Derco. "Alachlor — ecotoxicity of ozonation by-products." Acta Chimica Slovaca 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2021-0010.

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Abstract This work focuses on the assessment of alachlor toxicity, its impact on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, non-target organisms, and humans, as well as with pesticide legislation in the European Union and Slovakia. In the experimental part, the pesticide alachlor was degraded by various ozone-based processes. Toxicity of the original substance and its degradation products was evaluated by ecotoxicity tests on white mustard and bulb onion. Respirometric measurements were performed to assess their effect on the microorganisms of activated sludge process. From the results it is possible to evaluate that the degradation of alachlor by ozonation at alkaline pH resulted in less toxic substances compared to the original pesticide.
15

Bałdowska-Witos, Patrycja, Izabela Piasecka, Józef Flizikowski, Andrzej Tomporowski, Adam Idzikowski, and Marcin Zawada. "Life Cycle Assessment of Two Alternative Plastics for Bottle Production." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 4552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164552.

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The article characterizes selected issues related to the method of performing environmental impact analyses. Particular attention was paid to the need for identifying environmental effects associated with the process of shaping beverage bottles. This study concerns the analysis of selected stages of the machine’s life cycle environmental impact in the specific case of the blow molding machine used in the production of bottles. Life cycle assessment analysis was performed using the SimaPro 8.4.0 software (The Dutch Company Pre Consultants). The CML 2 and ReCiPe2016 methods were chosen to interpret the lists of chemical emissions. Impact categories specific to the CML 2 model are: abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and photochemical oxidation. Among all the considered impact categories, marine aquatic ecotoxicity was characterized by the highest level of potential harmful effects occurring during the bottle production process. A new aspect of the research is to provide updated and more detailed geographic data on Polish bottle production.
16

Buadit, Tarinee, Cheerawit Rattanapan, Achara Ussawarujikulchai, Krisda Suchiva, Seksan Papong, and Hwong-wen Ma. "Life Cycle Assessment of Material Recovery from Pyrolysis Process of End-of-Life Tires in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, no. 10 (2020): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.10.1296.

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It is estimated that around 600,000 tons of end-of-life tires are generated annually in Thailand. These waste tires will cause danger to the environment and human health if handled improperly. On the other hand, if managed with the proper technology, it will be transformed into valuable products. This research aims to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a waste tire pyrolysis plant in Thailand by using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The functional unit is defined as 1 ton of products from the pyrolysis process of waste tires. The system boundary consists of a pre-treatment and pyrolysis process (gate-to-gate). The LCA calculations were carried out using licensed SimaPro 9.0 software. At the impact assessment step, the ReCiPe2016 method both Midpoint (problem-oriented) and Endpoint (damage-oriented) were applied, and 7 impact categories were selected (global warming, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil resource scarcity). If the avoided products from the pyrolysis process, including pyrolysis oil, steel wire, and carbon black were taken into account, the characterization results show that 3 impacts: global warming, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and fossil resource scarcity have a negative value. While the other impacts still have a positive value resulted mainly from electricity consumption. When considering weighting end-point results, it found that human health impact was a major contribution with a totally negative value of -0.947 Pt. As a summary, the outcomes confirm that the utilization of pyrolysis avoided products and the optimization of electricity consumption in the process has the potential to drives pyrolysis to become an environmentally effective technology for end-of-tires management.
17

Cheela, Venkata, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas, and Brajesh Dubey. "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113133.

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An environmental life cycle assessment was conducted to compare proposed municipal solid waste treatment systems with the existing system in Visakhapatnam, India. Five waste alternative treatment systems, including open dumping of municipal solid waste (S1), landfill without gas recovery [LFWGR] (S2), landfill with gas recovery (S3), anaerobic digestion + LFWGR (S4), and incineration + LFWGR (S5). EASETECHTM was considered for assessment using ReCiPE Midpoint (Heuristic) world environmental impact assessment method. Global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FEW), marine water eutrophication (ME), human toxicity (HTP), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), freshwater ecotoxicity (FWT), and marine ecotoxicity (MET) impacts were determined for each option. The existing MSW disposal practice in Visakhapatnam city (baseline scenario, S1) has the highest GWP (1107 kg CO2 eq.), which can potentially be reduced to 68.2%, 81.5%, 98.2%, and 94.5% by alternative waste management scenarios S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. Scenario S4, involving the use of anaerobic digestion of food waste and residues dumped in engineered landfill without energy recovery was found to be the option with the highest mitigation potential of most of the impacts, and it contributes to significant environmental benefits in terms of ecological footprints in a low-income country such as India. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the reasonable legitimacy of data used for the determination of the impacts.
18

Wang, Shaozhe, and Rajib Sinha. "Life Cycle Assessment of Different Prefabricated Rates for Building Construction." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110552.

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In recent years, Sweden has promoted prefabricated buildings supporting the increasing of prefabricated rates in buildings with precast components, in order to reduce the environmental problems caused by the construction sector. This study, focusing on the construction activities, examines how the increasing prefabricated rate could influence the environmental impacts of the construction sector. This study conducts a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of a reference building with a prefabricated rate of 26% in the Stockholm Royal Seaport, and compares nine scenarios with prefabricated rates, ranging from 6% to 96%. The results indicate the water footprint decreases, but the total energy footprint and carbon footprint increase as the prefabricated rate increases. Among other impacts, terrestrial ecotoxicity shows the biggest increase with an increase of the prefabricated rate. This study reveals that material extraction is the largest influencing factor, causing a water footprint when the prefabricated rate increases. The impact changes in the energy footprint, carbon footprint, and terrestrial ecotoxicity, and are primarily determined by transport and are sensitive to transport distance and vehicle types.
19

Viveros Santos, Ivan, Cécile Bulle, Annie Levasseur, and Louise Deschênes. "Regionalized Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Assessment of Copper-Based Fungicides Applied in Viticulture." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072522.

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Life cycle assessment has been recognized as an important decision-making tool to improve the environmental performance of agricultural systems. Still, there are certain modelling issues related to the assessment of their impacts. The first is linked to the assessment of the metal terrestrial ecotoxicity impact, for which metal speciation in soil is disregarded. In fact, emissions of metals in agricultural systems contribute significantly to the ecotoxic impact, as do copper-based fungicides applied in viticulture to combat downy mildew. Another issue is linked to the ways in which the intrinsic geographical variability of agriculture resulting from the variation of management practices, soil properties, and climate is addressed. The aim of this study is to assess the spatial variability of the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact of copper-based fungicides applied in European vineyards, accounting for both geographical variability in terms of agricultural practice and copper speciation in soil. This first entails the development of regionalized characterization factors (CFs) for the copper used in viticulture and then the application of these CFs to a regionalized life-cycle inventory that considers different management practices, soil properties, and climates in different regions, namely Languedoc-Roussillon (France), Minho (Portugal), Tuscany (Italy), and Galicia (Spain). There are two modelling alternatives to determine metal speciation in terrestrial ecotoxicity: (a) empirical regression models; and (b) WHAM 6.0, the geochemical speciation model applied according to the soil properties of the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Both approaches were used to compute and compare regionalized CFs with each other and with current IMPACT 2002+ CF. The CFs were then aggregated at different spatial resolutions—global, Europe, country, and wine-growing region—to assess the uncertainty related to spatial variability at the different scales and applied in the regionalized case study. The global CF computed for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity is around 3.5 orders of magnitude lower than the one from IMPACT 2002+, demonstrating the impact of including metal speciation. For both methods, an increase in the spatial resolution of the CFs translated into a decrease in the spatial variability of the CFs. With the exception of the aggregated CF for Portugal (Minho) at the country level, all the aggregated CFs derived from empirical regression models are greater than the ones derived from the method based on WHAM 6.0 within a range of 0.2 to 1.2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, CFs calculated with empirical regression models exhibited a greater spatial variability with respect to the CFs derived from WHAM 6.0. The ranking of the impact scores of the analyzed scenarios was mainly determined by the amount of copper applied in each wine-growing region. However, finer spatial resolutions led to an impact score with lower uncertainty.
20

X.Cai, X. Cai, and Sergei Ostroumov. "NEW EXAMPLE OF USE OF LENS CULINARIS FOR PHYTOASSAY OF ECOTOXICITY OF CHEMICALS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 11, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/1101202117.

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Previously, toxicity of some synthetic detergents (including laundry detergents) to the plant seedlings of several species of terrestrial higher plants was discovered in research conducted at Moscow University by S.A.Ostroumov. A new example of toxicity of a laundry detergent to plant seedlings was found in this study. The synthetic detergent tested, namely the liquid laundry detergent (LLD) “Blue Moon”, which was manufactured by Blue Moon Group Co, Ltd (Guangzhou, China), produced noticeable phytotoxic effects on the plant seedlings of the terrestrial higher plant Lens culinaris. This detergent at the concentrations 0.5 % - 1% induced a pronounced decrease in the average root length of the seedlings of Lens culinaris. The concentration 5% was lethal to Lens culinaris. Keywords: ecotoxicity, detergent, bioassay, terrestrial higher plants, plant seedlings, root elongation, phytotoxicity, environmental toxicology, Lens culinaris
21

Haslawati, Baharuddin, Ibrahim Saadiah, Razman Pahri Siti-Dina, Murnira Othman, and Mohd Talib Latif. "Environmental Assessment of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Farming through Life Cycle Assessment." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214776.

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The giant freshwater prawn (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii has emerged as a significant crustacean in global aquaculture. A cradle-to-farm Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to assess the potential environmental impacts of GFP in Malaysia. The four main iterative farming phases involved were pond preparation, stocking, farming, and harvesting. The impact categories chosen were global warming, terrestrial ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human non-carcinogenic toxicity, human carcinogenic activity, and water consumption. The software SimaPro 9.3.0.3 was used for impact analysis, with background data from the database Ecoinvent 3.0. and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) V1.06/World (2010). Among other environmental impact categories, stocking and harvesting phases contributed to human carcinogenic toxicity impact values of 33.33%, followed by farming (33.31%). Another impact category, freshwater ecotoxicity also produces the same pattern with the stocking and harvesting process, still generating the highest impact value of 33.34%, followed by farming (33.30%). Apart from the identified capital items that require consideration for future waste management in aquaculture, this LCA study found that M. rosenbergii farming generates a low impact to the environment, however, could inspire further research on other perspectives of sustainability.
22

Khanam, P. Noorunnisa, Anton Popelka, Maryam Alejji, and M. A. AlMaadeed. "Biotechnological Production Process and Life Cycle Assessment of Graphene." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5671584.

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The aim of this study is to compare the graphene produced using a biotechnological method (Escherichia coli) with the graphene produced by Hummers’ method (a chemical method) and to study the effect on the energy consumption and environment. The results indicated that the chemical reduction process has higher energy consumption, approximately 1642 Wh, than the energy consumption of the biotechnological reduction process, which is 5 Wh. The potential of global warming (GWP 100) improved by 71% using the biotechnological route for the production of graphene. Abiotic depletion, the photochemical ozone creation potential, and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential were improved when the biological route was employed, compared with the chemical route. The eutrophication potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and ozone depletion layer changed very little since the main variables involved in the production of graphene oxide and waste management are the same. The biotechnological method can be considered a green technique for the production of graphene, especially given the reduction in the negative effects on global warming, abiotic depletion, the photochemical ozone creation potential, and the marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential.
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Galli, Emanuela, Valerio Giorgio Muzzini, Antonio Finizio, Pietro Fumagalli, Paola Grenni, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Jasmin Rauseo, and Luisa Patrolecco. "ECOTOXICITY OF FOAMING AGENT CONDITIONED SOILS TESTED ON TWO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 18, no. 8 (2019): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2019.160.

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Hund-Rinke, Kerstin, and Markus Simon. "Terrestrial Ecotoxicity of Eight Chemicals in a Systematic Approach (7 pp)." Journal of Soils and Sediments 5, no. 1 (October 22, 2004): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2004.10.123.

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Trott, D., J. J. C. Dawson, K. S. Killham, Md R. U. Miah, M. J. Wilson, and G. I. Paton. "Comparative evaluation of a bioluminescent bacterial assay in terrestrial ecotoxicity testing." J. Environ. Monit. 9, no. 1 (2007): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b613734b.

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Golsteijn, Laura, Rosalie van Zelm, A. Jan Hendriks, and Mark A. J. Huijbregts. "Statistical uncertainty in hazardous terrestrial concentrations estimated with aquatic ecotoxicity data." Chemosphere 93, no. 2 (September 2013): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.007.

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Naicker, Vinesh, and Brett Cohen. "A life cycle assessment of e-books and printed books in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i2a1343.

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This paper presents the results of a study comparing the life cycle environmental impacts and cumulative energy demands of reading printed books (print system) with those of reading e-books from an Apple Air iPad (digital system), with a specific focus on production of books and use of both options in South Africa. The two systems were compared using the ReCiPe midpoint and cumulative energy demand methods. The findings, which are consistent with international findings, demonstrate that the print system has lower impacts than the digital system in the impact categories of freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity and metal depletion, whilst the digital system has lower impacts in the categories of climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, marine eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial ecotoxicity, ionising radiation, agricultural land occupation, urban land occupation, natural land transformation, water depletion and fossil depletion. The major processes contributing to energy demand and environmental impacts of the print system were paper production and printing. For the digital system the major contributing processes were the production of the iPad and e-book reading. Coal-based electricity and coal-miningrelated activities featured prominently in both systems, affecting environmental impacts and energy demand of products and services in South Africa. A change in the electricity mix to be less coal-intensive reduced the impacts of both systems. Finally, the products demonstrate that relatively few additional readers result in printed books becoming preferable to e-books in almost all impact categories, suggesting the need to consider housing print books in libraries to reduce their relative environmental impacts.
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Mahmud, M., Nazmul Huda, Shahjadi Farjana, and Candace Lang. "Comparative Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Lithium-Ion (LiIo) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries." Batteries 5, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010022.

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Batteries have been extensively used in many applications; however, very little is explored regarding the possible environmental impacts for their whole life cycle, even though a lot of studies have been carried out for augmenting performance in many ways. This research paper addresses the environmental effects of two different types of batteries, lithium-ion (LiIo) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, in terms of their chemical constituents. Life cycle impact analysis has been carried out by the CML, ReCiPe, EcoPoints 97, IPCC, and CED methods. The impacts are considered in categories such as global warming, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The results reveal that there is a significant environmental impact caused by nickel-metal hydride batteries in comparison with lithium-ion batteries. The reason behind these impacts is the relatively large amount of toxic chemical elements which are present as constituents of NiMH batteries. It can be anticipated that a better environmental performance can be achieved through optimization, especially by cautiously picking the constituents, taking into account the toxicity aspects, and by minimizing the impacts related to these chemicals.
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Fresán, Ujué, D. Marrin, Maximino Mejia, and Joan Sabaté. "Water Footprint of Meat Analogs: Selected Indicators According to Life Cycle Assessment." Water 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040728.

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Animal-based products reportedly have substantial water footprints. One alternative to meat products is meat analogs, which are processed plant-based foods mimicking real meat products. As data for the water footprints of meat analogs are limited, the present study assesses their water consumption and their potential for contributing to eutrophication and ecotoxicity in fresh and marine receiving waters. Life cycle assessments, which encompassed the generation of ingredients to the packaging of products, were performed for 39 meat analogs. Estimates for consumptive water use, ecotoxicity, and eutrophication are reported per ton of product and per kilogram of protein. On average, 3800 m3 of water were consumed per ton of product, whereas 0.56 kg P equivalents. and 12 kg 1,4-DCB (1,4-dichlorobenzene)) equivalents. were potentially released to terrestrial freshwaters and 2.2 kg N equivalents. and 7 kg 1,4-DCB equivalents. to marine waters. The predominant driver for water consumption and marine ecotoxicity was processing the meat analogs, whereas producing the raw ingredients was the main driver for freshwater toxicity and eutrophication. For reducing the use of and potential impacts on water, meat analogs may represent a viable alternative to processed meat products.
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Dědina, Martin, Petr Jevič, Pavel Čermák, Jan Moudrý, Chisenga Emmanuel Mukosha, Tomáš Lošák, Tadeáš Hrušovský, and Elizaveta Watzlová. "Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Silage Maize in Relation to Regenerative Agriculture." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 5, 2024): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020481.

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The demand for agricultural products is growing and is resulting in significant environmental impacts due to the overuse of fertilizers (and pesticides in some cases). There is a continued need to find sustainable methods in agricultural systems without harming the environment. Regenerative agriculture can be considered as one of the best methods of sustainable agriculture. The aim of this comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study was to quantify the environmental impacts associated with the production of silage maize at different doses of fertilizers and pesticides under conventional agriculture and without the use of fertilizers and pesticides under regenerative agriculture. The input data were obtained from the experimental fields and supplemented by background process databases of Ecoinvent, World Food Live Cycle Assessment Database (WFLCD), and the French database AGRIBALYSE. The results of the study were related to six midpoint impact categories: global warming, marine eutrophication, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity. Although the variant of growing silage maize without the use of fertilizers and pesticides according to the principle of regenerative agriculture showed the lowest burden on the environment, the yields of the cultivated silage maize were 43–55% lower than those of the fertilized variants.
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Hong, Jing Min, Zainab Z. Ismail, and Jing Lan Hong. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Recycled Aluminum Alloy Production - A Case Study of China." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1027.

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A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental and economic impacts of recycled aluminum alloy production. The impact seen from non-carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming and non-renewable energy categories played an important role to overall environmental impacts. The impact seen from carcinogens and aquatic ecotoxicity played relatively small role, while the impact seen from the rest categories affect the environment was ignorable. Specifically, the emissions from the aluminum and silicon production stages involved played an important role due to high energy consumption, while potential impact generated from other elements was quite small. Similarly, the cost of old aluminum scrap represented the dominant contribution to overall economic impacts. Accordingly, choosing natural gas based electricity production technology and improving old aluminum scrap consumption efficiency are the efficient way to minimize the overall environmental and economic impact, respectively.
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Haye, Sébastien, Vera I. Slaveykova, and Jérôme Payet. "Terrestrial ecotoxicity and effect factors of metals in life cycle assessment (LCA)." Chemosphere 68, no. 8 (July 2007): 1489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.019.

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K.S, Vidhya Bharathi, Djanaguiraman M, Raghu R, Jeyakumar P, and Karthikeyan s. "Evaluation of Ecotoxicity of Nanoceria to Organisms of Different Trophic Levels." Madras Agricultural Journal 108, March (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000490.

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he present study was aimed at evaluation of the toxicity potential of nanoceria on phosphobacteria (Bacillus megaterium ; soil ecosystem), azolla (Anabaena azollae and microalgae ; Aquatic ecosystem) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) pollen grain and photosystem (PS) II quantum yield (terrestrial ecosystem). The study examined the differences in toxicity among a different concentration of nanoceria to each organism and differences in toxicity among the organisms. In each toxicity experiment, the concentration of nanoceria used are 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 500, and 1000 mg L-1. The result indicated that nanoceria is not toxic to soil microbes, aquatic organisms and terrestrial plants at lower concentration (up to 25 mg L-1). However, above 25 mg L-1 concentration, differential responses between nanoceria and organisms were observed. Higher concentration (500 and 1000 mg L-1) inhibited the growth of phosphobacteria, microalgae, and pollen germination and PS II quantum yield. The adverse effect caused by nanoceria could be associated with the concentration of nanoceria, differences in interactions with the cell with nanoceria, and oxidative damage caused by nanoceria. Among the assays, pollen germination was found to be more sensitive to the nanoceria in the medium, followed by photosystem II quantum yield.
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Hong, Jing Min, Zainab Z. Ismail, and Jing Lan Hong. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Pre-Training Electrolytic Aluminum Production - A Case Study of China." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.996.

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A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental and economic impact s of pre-training electrolytic aluminum systems. The technology significantly contributed to non-carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming and non-renewable energy potential impacts. The technology played only a small role in the adverse impact of carcinogens, aquatic ecotoxicity, and mineral extraction categories, while the influence of the technologies on the way other elements affect the environment was ignorable. Specifically, the emissions from the aluminum oxides production and electricity consumption stages involved played an important role, while potential impact generated from transport, infrastructure, waste treatment, cryolite production, and aluminum fluoride production was quite small. Energy generation based on natural gas is an effective way to minimize overall environment impact. This research indicates that there are high potentials for improving environmental performance of the electrolytic aluminum production in China.
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Ayres, Robert U., and Katalin Martinas. "Waste Potential Entropy : The Ultimate Ecotoxic ?" Économie appliquée 48, no. 2 (1995): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.1995.1558.

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Ecotoxicity is the potential of physico-chemical entropie differentials created by economic waste flows, for driving uncontrolled processes that threaten the stability of organisms, ecosystems and the environment as a whole. The most vulnerable environmental media are the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. Thus the highest priorities for environmental policy must be to protect these two systems, above all, from unwarranted anthropogenic disturbance. A general criterion for environmental sustainability is proposed and the implications for economic and environmental policy are discussed briefly.
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HYBSKÁ, HELENA, MARTINA MORDÁČOVÁ, DAGMAR SAMEŠOVÁ, and IVETA ČABALOVÁ. "ECOTOXICOLOGICAL TESTS OF THE PARTICLEBOARDS CONTAINING RUBBER WASTE." WOOD RESEARCH 68(4) 2023 68, no. 4 (2023): 758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.4.758767.

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The article is focused on the production and environmental evaluation of wood composites using waste rubber in the construction industry. Used aqueous extracts were prepared from theexperimental wooden composites with various additions of thewaste rubber from tires and waste seals. The pH value and organic pollution (by COD) were determined in the aqueous extracts. The effect on the environmental components (aquatic and terrestrial) was ecotoxicologically tested using the test organisms Sinapis alba, Lemna minorand Daphnia magna. Preliminary acute ecotoxicity tests were performed.
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Mendonça, Monique C. P., Natália P. Rodrigues, Marcelo B. de Jesus, and Mónica J. B. Amorim. "Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Soil: Ecotoxicity Assessment Using Enchytraeus crypticus Reduced Full Life Cycle." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060858.

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Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) possess unique physicochemical properties, allowing a wide range of applications in physical, chemical, and biomedical fields. Although GBNs are broadly used, information about their adverse effects on ecosystem health, especially in the terrestrial environment, is limited. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of two commonly used derivatives of GBNs, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus using a reduced full life cycle test. At higher exposure concentrations, GO induced high mortality and severe impairment in the reproduction rate, while rGO showed little adverse effect up to 1000 mg/kg. Collectively, our body of results suggests that the degree of oxidation of GO correlates with their toxic effects on E. crypticus, which argues against generalization on GBNs ecotoxicity. Identifying the key factors affecting the toxicity of GBNs, including ecotoxicity, is urgent for the design of safe GBNs for commercial purposes.
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Barros Lovate Temporim, Ramoon, Gianluca Cavalaglio, Alessandro Petrozzi, Valentina Coccia, Paola Iodice, Andrea Nicolini, and Franco Cotana. "Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Balance of a Polygeneration Plant Fed with Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cynara cardunculus L." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072397.

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This article aims to present an evaluation of the environmental performance of a combustion polygeneration plant fed with lignocellulosic material from cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) through the technique of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The system boundaries encompassed macro-phases of crop production, transportation, and polygeneration processes that were able to produce 100 kW of electricity, a residual thermal energy recovery system and district heating and cooling with 270 kW of heating, and a 140 kW of cooling. The LCA was performed using Cumulative Energy Demand and ReCiPe Life Cycle Impact Assessment methods through midpoint and endpoint indicators. From 2000 h/year, 165.92 GJ of electricity and 667.23 GJ of primary energy were consumed, and 32.82 tCO2eq were emitted. The rates of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and energy demand per MJ produced were 0.08 MJSE/MJPD, 0.30 MJPE/MJPD, and 0.01 kgCO2eq/MJPD. According to the ReCiPe method, the impact categories with the highest impact loads were Terrestrial ecotoxicity (2.44%), Freshwater ecotoxicity (32.21%), Marine ecotoxicity (50.10%), Human carcinogenic toxicity (8.75%), and Human non-carcinogenic toxicity (4.76%). Comparing the same energy outputs produced by Italian power and gas grids, the proposed polygeneration plant was able to reduce primary energy demand and GHG emissions by 80 and 81%, respectively, in addition to reducing the emissions of the five main categories of impacts by between 25 and 73%.
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Ondová, Marcela, and Vojtech Vaclavik. "Environmental Assessment of the Concrete Based on Blast Furnace Slag." Solid State Phenomena 244 (October 2015): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.213.

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The paper deals with the use of blast furnace slag in the production of plain concrete and with its impact on the elements of the environment. The finely ground granulated blast furnace slag with the weight of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 95 and 100 % was used as a substitute of Portland cement in ratio 1:1 of weight. The following properties were observed in all prepared experimental mixtures: consistency of concrete mixture, density of fresh concrete mixture, cube and prism strengths, water tightness, frost resistance and static modulus of elasticity. Subsequently, the life cycle assessment as well as the comparison of environmental impact of selected plain concretes by the LCA method was made. They were monitored total environmental impacts in terms of threats to soil, water, air and human health in order to select the most suitable alternative. The comparison of the reference mixture and mixture with 60% wt. of blast furnace slag showed that using secondary raw materials visibly decreased the impact in each category: Abiotic depletion of 56%; Acidification of 52%; Eutrophication of 56%; Global warming of 58%; Ozone layer depletion of 50%; Terrestrial ecotoxicity of 59%; Photochemical oxidation of 50%, Primary energy (non-renewable fossil) of 53% and of 58% for Human toxicity, Fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity and Marine aquatic ecotoxicity, respectively.
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Boros, Bianca-Vanesa, and Vasile Ostafe. "Evaluation of Ecotoxicology Assessment Methods of Nanomaterials and Their Effects." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040610.

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This paper describes the ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials (NMs) as well as their testing methods. Standard ecotoxicity testing methods are applicable to nanomaterials as well but require some adaptation. We have taken into account methods that meet several conditions. They must be properly researched by a minimum of ten scientific articles where adaptation of the method to the NMs is also presented; use organisms suitable for simple and rapid ecotoxicity testing (SSRET); have a test period shorter than 30 days; require no special equipment; have low costs and have the possibility of optimization for high-throughput screening. From the standard assays described in guidelines developed by organizations such as Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and United States Environmental Protection Agency, which meet the required conditions, we selected as methods adaptable for NMs, some methods based on algae, duckweed, amphipods, daphnids, chironomids, terrestrial plants, nematodes and earthworms. By analyzing the effects of NMs on a wide range of organisms, it has been observed that these effects can be of several categories, such as behavioral, morphological, cellular, molecular or genetic effects. By comparing the EC50 values of some NMs it has been observed that such values are available mainly for aquatic ecotoxicity, with the most sensitive test being the algae assay. The most toxic NMs overall were the silver NMs.
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Motahari, Azam, Tooraj Dana, Nargess Kargari, Seyed Masoud Monavari, and Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard. "Life-Cycle Assessment of a Combined-Cycle Power Plant for Electricity Generation." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jaehr.1287.

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Background: Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive method used to evaluate the environmental effects throughout the entire lifespan (from creation to disposal) of a product or process. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the environmental impact associated with generating 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity in a combined-cycle power plant located in the southwest region of Iran. Methods: An LCA following ISO 14044 standards was conducted via the ReCiPe method evaluating 10 impact categories at the midpoint level, and covering the entire life cycle. This method was selected for its comprehensive modeling of potential impacts from numerous chemicals and its practicality at both midpoint and endpoint levels. Results: The study found that resource availability (RA) has the highest impact at 53% in endpoint categories, mainly due to natural land transformation (NLT) and fuel depletion (FD). Human health (HH) contributes 43%, while ecosystem diversity (ED) has a minor 4% role. In midpoint categories, over 99% of global warming potential (GWP) and climate change (CC) are from CO2 emissions due to fossil fuel combustion. Conclusion: Midpoint analysis identified NLT, FD, CC, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and water depletion as the most impacted categories by the power plant. However, at the endpoint level, RA, HH, and ED were the primary concerns. Fossil fuel use significantly shaped the environmental impact throughout the power plant’s life cycle.
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Kováts, Nora, Eszter Horváth, Bettina Eck-Varanka, Eszter Csajbók, and András Hoffer. "Adapting the Vegetative Vigour Terrestrial Plant Test for assessing ecotoxicity of aerosol samples." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 18 (May 13, 2017): 15291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9103-5.

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43

Viveros Santos, Ivan, Annie Levasseur, Cécile Bulle, Louise Deschênes, and Anne-Marie Boulay. "Modelling the influence of climate change on characterization factors for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity." Journal of Cleaner Production 414 (August 2023): 137601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137601.

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44

Sun, Yan Qiong, Yu Liu, and Su Ping Cui. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Autoclaved Concrete Blocks and Fired Blocks in China." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1018.

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In this paper, a variety of blocks were grouped into the autoclaved blocks and fired blocks as far as the productive technology is concerned. In order to compare the life cycle impacts of the two kinds of the blocks, a life cycle assessment of two products on the functional unit 1m3 was carried out through the exploitation of mineral stage, transportation stage and the production of the blocks stage on the considering of the resource and energy consumption and the pollutant discharges. The results demonstrated that the fired blocks appeared to have less impact than autoclaved concrete blocks on human health, marine ecotoxicity toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity toxicity nearly 30%. The raw coal led to the serious impacts on the fossil depletion through the cement production stage of the autoclaved concrete blocks accounting for 45.86% and the gangue exploitation stage of the fired blocks accounting for 42.5%. Assessment of the data quality that the data was of pretty high or within the permission. The sensitivity analysis and contribution analysis assessment showed that the conclusion were robust.
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Zhang, Han, Chen, Yang, Lu, and Wang. "The Life-Cycle Environmental Impact of Recycling of Restaurant Food Waste in Lanzhou, China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173608.

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The recycling of restaurant food waste can bring environmental benefits and improve food safety for urban residents. We here assessed the entire life cycle of the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting technique of restaurant food waste recycling using Lanzhou as a case study. We used the CML2001 method provided with the Gabi software and compared the results to those produced using the traditional treatment techniques (landfill and incineration). This work includes a sensitivity analysis of the results. It is here concluded that the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting technique had the smallest environmental impact of the methods here examined. The life cycle of anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting primarily consumes water, clay, coal, crude oil, and natural gas. The pre-processing phase consumes the most resources, and anaerobic digestion showed the greatest environmental impact. Specific environmental impacts in order from the highest to lowest potential to exacerbate global warming were found to be photochemical ozone production, acidification, eutrophication, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The main factors associated with different environmental impacts and the environmental impacts themselves were found to differ across different phases. Some environmental impacts were shown to be sensitive to electricity, and the eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential showed the least sensitivity to all variables. To reduce the environmental impact of the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting treatment technique, the energy structure and consumption of electricity, water, and diesel need to be optimized.
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Falanga, Annarita, Antonietta Siciliano, Mariateresa Vitiello, Gianluigi Franci, Valentina Del Genio, Stefania Galdiero, Marco Guida, Federica Carraturo, Amir Fahmi, and Emilia Galdiero. "Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pristine and Indolicidin-coated Silver Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystem." International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 15 (October 2020): 8097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s260396.

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47

Faulkner, B. C., and R. L. Lochmiller. "Ecotoxicity revealed in parasite communities of Sigmodon hispidus in terrestrial environments contaminated with petrochemicals." Environmental Pollution 110, no. 1 (October 2000): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00276-6.

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48

Bouguerra, Sirine, Ana Gavina, Mohamed Ksibi, Maria da Graça Rasteiro, Teresa Rocha-Santos, and Ruth Pereira. "Ecotoxicity of titanium silicon oxide (TiSiO4) nanomaterial for terrestrial plants and soil invertebrate species." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 129 (July 2016): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.038.

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Jho, Eun Hea, Seong Ho Yun, Sung Jong Lee, Hongseok Kim, Heehun Chae, and Kangsuk Kim. "Use of ecotoxicity assessment for determining reusability of treated marine sediment on terrestrial land." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 2306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02590-7.

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Peric, Brezana, Jordi Sierra, Esther Martí, Robert Cruañas, and Maria Antonia Garau. "A comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids." Chemosphere 108 (August 2014): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.043.

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