Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Terrestrial carbon'
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Malik, Abdulrahman Ibn. "Terrestrial carbon in Wales." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433685.
Full textGlanville, Helen C. "Carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589388.
Full textEk, Ella. "Precipitation variability modulates the terrestrial carbon cycle in Scandinavia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445453.
Full textFörändringar och variation i klimatet är sammankopplade med kolcykeln genom komplexa återkopplingsmekanismer. På grund av denna komplexitet är kunskapen om kopplingen mellan klimatvariation och kolcykeln fortfarande bristande, men för att möjliggöra precisa prognoser om framtida klimat är det viktigt att ha kunskap om denna koppling. För att få mer kunskap om klimatvariation syftar därför denna studie till att identifiera återkommande strukturer av nederbördsvariation över Skandinavien under vår respektive sommar från 1981 till 2014. Dessa relateras till förändringar i sommarväxtlighetens grönhet, uppmätt som skillnaden i normaliserat vegetationsindex (NDVI). Även korrelationen mellan sommarstrukturerna av nederbördsvariationen och storskaliga atmosfäriska svängningar, s.k. "teleconnections", över Nordatlanten undersöks. Nederbördsdatan erhölls från ERA5 analysdata från Europacentret för Medellånga Väderprognoser och strukturer av nederbördsvariationen identifierades genom empirisk ortogonal funktionsanalys (EOF) av nederbördsavvikelser. De tre första EOF av vår- respektive sommarnederbördsavvikelser förklarade tillsammans 73,5 % respektive 65,5 % av nederbördsvariationen. Strukturerna av nederbördsvariation under vår respektive sommar uppvisade tydliga likheter sinsemellan. Dessutom identifierades Skanderna vara av stor vikt för nederbördsvariationen i Skandinavien under båda årstider. Avvikande år av nederbördsvariation under våren indikerade att sagda nederbördsvariation haft liten påverkan på NDVI-avvikelser under sommaren. Emellertid verkade nederbördsvariationen under sommaren påverkat NDVI-avvikelser under sommaren i centrala och nordöstra Skandinavien. Detta indikerar att nederbördsvariationen under sommaren till viss del styr den terrestra kolcykeln i dessa regioner. För nederbördsvariationen under sommaren fanns korrelation mellan både Nordatlantiska sommaroscillationen och Östatlantiska svängningen. Det finns således en möjlighet att dessa "teleconnections" har en viss påverkan på den terrestra kolcykeln genom nederbördsvariationen under sommaren.
Hemingway, Jordon Dennis. "Understanding terrestrial organic carbon export : a time-series approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109054.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-190).
Terrestrial organic carbon (OC) erosion, remineralization, transport through river networks, and burial in marine sediments is a major pathway of the global carbon cycle. However, our ability to constrain these processes and fluxes is largely limited by (i) analytical capability and (ii) temporal sampling resolution. To address issue (i), here I discuss methodological advancements and data analysis techniques for the Ramped PyrOx serial oxidation isotope method developed at WHOI. Ramped-temperature pyrolysis/oxidation coupled with the stable carbon (¹²C, ¹³C) and radiocarbon (¹⁴C) analysis of evolved CO₂ is a promising tool for understanding and separating complex OC mixtures. To quantitatively investigate distributions of OC source, reservoir age, and chemical structure contained within a single sample, I developed a kinetic model linking RPO-derived activation energy, ¹³C composition, and radiocarbon content. This tool provides a novel method to fundamentally address the unknown relationship between OC remineralization rates and chemical structure in various environmental settings. To address issue (ii), I additionally present results from time-series sample sets collected on two end-member systems: the Congo River (Central Africa) and the LiWu River (Taiwan). For the Congo River, bulk and plant-wax-lipid ¹³C compositions indicate that a majority of particulate OC is consistently derived from downstream, C₃-dominated rainforest ecosystems. Furthermore, bulk radiocarbon content and microbial lipid molecular distributions are strongly correlated with discharge, suggesting that pre-aged, swamp-forest-derived soils are preferentially exported when northern hemisphere discharge is highest. Combined, these results provide insight into the relationship between hydrological processes and fluvial carbon export. Lastly, I examined the processes controlling carbon source and flux in a set of soils and time-series fluvial sediments from the LiWu River catchment located in Taiwan. A comparison between bedrock and soil OC content reveals that soils can contain significantly less carbon than the underlying bedrock, suggesting that this material is remineralized to CO₂ prior to soil formation. Both the presence of bacterial lipids and a shift toward lower activation energy of ¹⁴C-free OC contained in soil saprolite layers indicate that this process is microbially mediated and that microbial respiration of rock-derived OC likely represents a larger geochemical flux than previously thought. The results presented in this thesis therefore provide novel insight into the role of rivers in the global carbon cycle as well as their response to environmental perturbations.
by Jordon Dennis Hemingway
Ph. D.
Krakauer, Nir Yitzhak Schneider Tapio. "Characterizing carbon-dioxide fluxes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262006-111949.
Full textSharma, Benktesh D. "Modeling of forest harvest scheduling and terrestrial carbon sequestration." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10900.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 160 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Zhu, Dan. "Modeling terrestrial carbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV077.
Full textDuring the repeated glacialinterglacialtransitions, there has been aconsistent and partly abrupt increase of nearly100 ppm in atmospheric CO2, indicating majorredistributions among the carbon reservoirs ofland, ocean and atmosphere. A comprehensiveexplanation of the carbon fluxes associatedwith the transitions is still missing, requiring abetter understanding of the potential carbonstock in terrestrial biosphere during the glacialperiod. In this thesis, I aimed to improve theunderstanding of terrestrial carbon stocks andcarbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM, about 21,000 years ago), through aseries of model developments to improve therepresentation of vegetation dynamics,permafrost soil carbon dynamics, andinteractions between large herbivores andvegetation in the ORCHIDEE-MICT landsurface model.For the first part, I improved theparameterization of vegetation dynamics inORCHIDEE-MICT for the northern mid- tohigh-latitude regions, which was evaluatedagainst present-day observation-based datasetsof land cover, gross primary production, andforest biomass. Significant improvements wereshown for the new model version in thedistribution of plant functional types (PFTs),including a more realistic simulation of thenorthern tree limit and of the distribution ofevergreen and deciduous conifers in the borealzone. The revised model was then applied tosimulate vegetation distribution during theLGM, showing a general agreement with thepoint-scale reconstructions based on pollen andplant macrofossil data.Among permafrost (perennially frozen) soils,the thick, ice-rich and organic-rich siltysediments called yedoma deposits hold largequantities of organic carbon, which areremnants of late-Pleistocene carbonaccumulated under glacial climates. In order tosimulate the buildup of the thick frozen carbonin yedoma deposits, I implemented asedimentation parameterization in the soilcarbon module of ORCHIDEE-MICT. Theinclusion of sedimentation allowed the modelto reproduce the vertical distribution of carbonobserved at the yedoma sites, leading toseveral-fold increase in total carbon. Simulatedpermafrost soil carbon stock during the LGMwas ~1550 PgC, among which 390~446 PgCwithin today’s known yedoma region (1.3million km2). This result was still anunderestimation since the potentially largerarea of yedoma during the LGM than todaywas not yet taken into account.For the third part, in light of the growingevidence on the ecological impacts of largeanimals, and the potential role of megaherbivoresas a driving force that maintainedthe steppe ecosystems during the glacialperiods, I incorporated a dynamic grazingmodel in ORCHIDEE-MICT, based onphysiological equations for energy intake andexpenditure, reproduction rate, and mortalityrate for wild large grazers. The model showedreasonable results of today’s grazer biomasscompared to empirical data in protected areas,and was able to produce an extensive biomewith a dominant vegetation of grass and asubstantial distribution of large grazers duringthe LGM. The effects of large grazers onvegetation and carbon cycle were discussed,including reducing tree cover, enhancinggrassland productivity, and increasing theturnover rate of vegetation living biomass.Lastly, I presented a preliminary estimation ofpotential LGM permafrost carbon stock, afteraccounting for the effects of large grazers, aswell as extrapolations for the spatial extent ofyedoma-like thick sediments based on climaticand topographic features that are similar to theknown yedoma region. Since these results werederived under LGM climate and constantsedimentation rate, a more realistic simulationwould need to consider transient climate duringthe last glacial period and sedimentation ratevariations in the next step
Wright, Alison Jane. "Raman spectroscopy of terrestrial analogues for ureilite formation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130931.
Full textBorgelt, Jan. "Terrestrial respiration across tundra vegetation types." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-132765.
Full textBoysen, Lena. "Potentials, consequences and trade-offs of terrestrial carbon dioxide removal." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17737.
Full textGlobal mean temperatures could change by 2◦C to 4.5◦C above pre-industrial levels until 2100 if mitigation enforcement of CO2 emissions fails. To counteract this projected global warming, climate engineering techniques aim at intendedly cooling Earth’s climate for example through terrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR). Here, tCDR refers to the establishment of large-scale biomass plantations (BPs) in combination with the production of long-lasting carbon products such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage or biochar. This thesis examines the potentials and possible consequences of tCDR by analysing land-use scenarios with different spatial and temporal scales of BPs using an advanced biosphere model forced by varying climate projections. Synthesised, the potential of tCDR to permanently extract CO2 out of the atmosphere is found to be small, regardless of the emission scenario, the point of onset or the spatial extent. On the contrary, the aforementioned trade-offs and impacts are shown to be unfavourable in most cases. In a high emission scenario even unlimited area availability for tCDR could not reverse past emissions sufficiently. However, simultaneous emission reductions could result in strong carbon extractions reversing past emissions. In both cases, land transformation for tCDR leads to high “costs” for ecosystems and food production. Restricting the available land for BPs by these trade-off constraints leaves very small tCDR despite a near-future onset. Similarly, simulated tCDR potentials on dedicated BP areas defined in the RCP2.6 scenario stay below the aimed values using current management practices. Some potential may lie the reduction of carbon losses from field to end-products, new management options and the restoration of degraded soils with BPs. This thesis contradicts the assumption that tCDR could be an effective and environmentally friendly way of complementing or substituting strong and rapid mitigation efforts.
Heck, Vera. "Interference in the Earth system through terrestrial carbon dioxide removal." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17774.
Full textTerrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR) via afforestation or biomass plantations are discussed as options to counteract anthropogenic global warming. Therefore, it is important to understand sustainability limits and implications of tCDR in the context of Earth system dynamics. This thesis provides a model based assessment of biogeochemical and hydrological side-effects of biomass plantations and afforestation in the context of planetary boundaries (PBs), delimiting a safe operating space for humanity. Simulations with a global vegetation model indicate considerable biogeochemical and hydrological consequences of biomass plantations which are even larger than those of historical agricultural land use. Further, land use scenarios of biomass plantations are developed with a multi-objective optimisation model considering the PBs for biogeochemical flows, biosphere integrity, land system change and freshwater use. Respecting PBs yields almost zero tCDR potential. The transgression of PBs into a zone of increasing risk of feedbacks at the planetary scale can provide considerable tCDR potentials of 1.4-6.9 GtC/a, depending on efficiency of biomass conversion and carbon capture and storage. The importance of co-evolutionary dynamics of the Earth''s carbon cycle and societal interventions through tCDR is demonstrated with a conceptual modelling approach in the context of carbon-related PBs. A focus on climate change without an integrated trade-off assessment may lead to navigating the Earth system out of the safe operating space due to collateral transgression of other PBs. Integrating population growth and food demand while minimising carbon and biodiversity loss demonstrates opportunities and limitations for tCDR. Substantial improvements of crop and livestock productivities and the displacement of agricultural production into regions of high productivity yield sustainable terrestrial carbon sequestration potentials of up to 98 GtC while feeding 9 billion people.
Stapleton, Lee Mark. "Modelling carbon and nitrogen fluxes for two terrestrial ecosystems on Svalbard." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416264.
Full textFaithfull, Carolyn. "Productivity and carbon transfer in pelagic food webs in response to carbon, nutrients and light." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43467.
Full textLake ecosystem response to environmental change
Asandei, Ancuta. "Global warming : carbon-nutrient interactions and warming effects on soil carbon dynamics." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17537.
Full textShelkov, Denis Alexander. "N and C isotropic composition of different varieties of terrestrial diamonds and carbonado." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54608/.
Full textWarrington, Anita Glasgow. "Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in the shells of terrestrial molluscs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316976.
Full textFornace, Kyrstin L. "Late Quaternary climate variability and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103257.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Characterizing global and regional climate variability and climate-carbon cycle interactions in the past provides critical context for evaluating present and future climate trends. In this thesis, I use stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis of vascular plant biomarkers in lacustrine and marine sediment cores to explore late Quaternary climate variability and connections between past climate change and terrestrial carbon cycling in tropical South America. I investigate temporal and spatial trends in South American Summer Monsoon precipitation by reconstructing hydrologic variability over the past 50,000 years at two sites: the Lake Titicaca drainage basin in the Central Andes and the Pantanal wetlands in the interior lowlands. Diverging hydrologic trends at these two sites during the last glacial period suggest altered monsoon circulation patterns under glacial conditions, while changes in summer insolation appear to be an important control of precipitation at both sites during the Holocene. I next assess the relationship between climate change and the age structure of terrestrial biospheric carbon exported from two tropical catchments over the past 20,000 years. Radiocarbon dating of leaf waxes in Cariaco Basin and Lake Titicaca sediment records indicates that waxes preserved in sediments are likely composed of a fresh component transported to sediments within decades of production by vegetation and an old component derived from aged soil organic matter with an average age on the order of millennia at time of deposition. Results from both sites show that past hydrologic variability had a significant impact on the mobilization and export of different pools of terrestrial biospheric carbon. In particular, results from Cariaco Basin suggest that wetter conditions in the past resulted in increased export of fresh biospheric carbon to the ocean, representing a potentially important climate feedback mechanism on geologic timescales.
by Kyrstin L. Fornace.
Ph. D.
Blair, David Stanley Hamilton. "Carbon and contaminant trace metal biogeochemistry in surficial organic-rich terrestrial systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16231.
Full textZaehle, Sönke. "Process-based simulation of the terrestrial biosphere : an evaluation of present-day and future terrestrial carbon balance estimates and their uncertainty." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/526/.
Full textAt present, carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems slows the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and thereby reduces the impact of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions on the climate system. Changes in climate and land use affect terrestrial biosphere structure and functioning at present, and will likely impact on the terrestrial carbon balance during the coming decades - potentially providing a positive feedback to the climate system due to soil carbon releases under a warmer climate. Quantifying changes, and the associated uncertainties, in regional terrestrial carbon budgets resulting from these effects is relevant for the scientific understanding of the Earth system and for long-term climate mitigation strategies.
A model describing the relevant processes that govern the terrestrial carbon cycle is a necessary tool to project regional carbon budgets into the future. This study (1) provides an extensive evaluation of the parameter-based uncertainty in model results of a leading terrestrial biosphere model, the Lund-Potsdam-Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ-DGVM), against a range of observations and under climate change, thereby complementing existing studies on other aspects of model uncertainty; (2) evaluates different hypotheses to explain the age-related decline in forest growth, both from theoretical and experimental evidence, and introduces the most promising hypothesis into the model; (3) demonstrates how forest statistics can be successfully integrated with process-based modelling to provide long-term constraints on regional-scale forest carbon budget estimates for a European forest case-study; and (4) elucidates the combined effects of land-use and climate changes on the present-day and future terrestrial carbon balance over Europe for four illustrative scenarios - implemented by four general circulation models - using a comprehensive description of different land-use types within the framework of LPJ-DGVM.
This study presents a way to assess and reduce uncertainty in process-based terrestrial carbon estimates on a regional scale. The results of this study demonstrate that simulated present-day land-atmosphere carbon fluxes are relatively well constrained, despite considerable uncertainty in modelled net primary production. Process-based terrestrial modelling and forest statistics are successfully combined to improve model-based estimates of vegetation carbon stocks and their change over time. Application of the advanced model for 77 European provinces shows that model-based estimates of biomass development with stand age compare favourably with forest inventory-based estimates for different tree species. Driven by historic changes in climate, atmospheric CO2 concentration, forest area and wood demand between 1948 and 2000, the model predicts European-scale, present-day age structure of forests, ratio of biomass removals to increment, and vegetation carbon sequestration rates that are consistent with inventory-based estimates. Alternative scenarios of climate and land-use change in the 21st century suggest carbon sequestration in the European terrestrial biosphere during the coming decades will likely be on magnitudes relevant to climate mitigation strategies. However, the uptake rates are small in comparison to the European emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and will likely decline towards the end of the century. Uncertainty in climate change projections is a key driver for uncertainty in simulated land-atmosphere carbon fluxes and needs to be accounted for in mitigation studies of the terrestrial biosphere.
Kohlenstoffspeicherung in terrestrischen Ökosystemen reduziert derzeit die Wirkung anthropogener CO2-Emissionen auf das Klimasystem, indem sie die Wachstumsrate der atmosphärischer CO2-Konzentration verlangsamt. Die heutige terrestrische Kohlenstoffbilanz wird wesentlich von Klima- und Landnutzungsänderungen beeinflusst. Diese Einflussfaktoren werden sich auch in den kommenden Dekaden auf die terrestrische Biosphäre auswirken, und dabei möglicherweise zu einer positiven Rückkopplung zwischen Biosphäre und Klimasystem aufgrund von starken Bodenkohlenstoffverlusten in einem wärmeren Klima führen. Quantitative Abschätzungen der Wirkung dieser Einflussfaktoren - sowie der mit ihnen verbundenen Unsicherheit - auf die terrestrische Kohlenstoffbilanz sind daher sowohl für das Verständnis des Erdsystems, als auch für eine langfristig angelegte Klimaschutzpolitik relevant.
Um regionale Kohlenstoffbilanzen in die Zukunft zu projizieren, sind Modelle erforderlich, die die wesentlichen Prozesse des terrestrischen Kohlenstoffkreislaufes beschreiben. Die vorliegende Arbeit (1) analysiert die parameterbasierte Unsicherheit in Modellergebnissen eines der führenden globalen terrestrischen Ökosystemmodelle (LPJ-DGVM) im Vergleich mit unterschiedlichen ökosystemaren Messgrößen, sowie unter Klimawandelprojektionen, und erweitert damit bereits vorliegende Studien zu anderen Aspekten der Modelunsicherheit; (2) diskutiert unter theoretischen und experimentellen Aspekten verschiedene Hypothesen über die altersbedingte Abnahme des Waldwachstums, und implementiert die vielversprechenste Hypothese in das Model; (3) zeigt für eine europäische Fallstudie, wie Waldbestandsstatistiken erfolgreich für eine verbesserte Abschätzung von regionalen Kohlenstoffbilanzen in Wäldern durch prozessbasierten Modelle angewandt werden können; (4) untersucht die Auswirkung möglicher zukünftiger Klima- und Landnutzungsänderungen auf die europäische Kohlenstoffbilanz anhand von vier verschiedenen illustrativen Szenarien, jeweils unter Berücksichtigung von Klimawandelprojektionen vier verschiedener Klimamodelle. Eine erweiterte Version von LPJ-DGVM findet hierfür Anwendung, die eine umfassende Beschreibung der Hauptlandnutzungstypen beinhaltet.
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Ansatz vor, um Unsicherheiten in der prozessbasierten Abschätzung von terrestrischen Kohlenstoffbilanzen auf regionaler Skala zu untersuchen und zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass der Nettokohlenstoffaustausch zwischen terrestrischer Biosphäre und Atmosphäre unter heutigen klimatischen Bedingungen relativ sicher abgeschätzt werden kann, obwohl erhebliche Unsicherheit über die modelbasierte terrestrische Nettoprimärproduktion existiert. Prozessbasierte Modellierung und Waldbestandsstatistiken wurden erfolgreich kombiniert, um verbesserte Abschätzungen von regionalen Kohlenstoffvorräten und ihrer Änderung mit der Zeit zu ermöglichen. Die Anwendung des angepassten Modells in 77 europäischen Regionen zeigt, dass modellbasierte Abschätzungen des Biomasseaufwuchses in Wäldern weitgehend mit inventarbasierten Abschätzungen für verschiede Baumarten übereinstimmen. Unter Berücksichtigung von historischen Änderungen in Klima, atmosphärischem CO2-Gehalt, Waldfläche und Holzernte (1948-2000) reproduziert das Model auf europäischer Ebene die heutigen, auf Bestandsstatistiken beruhenden, Abschätzungen von Waldaltersstruktur, das Verhältnis von Zuwachs und Entnahme von Biomasse, sowie die Speicherungsraten im Kohlenstoffspeicher der Vegetation. Alternative Szenarien von zukünftigen Landnutzungs- und Klimaänderungen legen nahe, dass die Kohlenstoffaufnahme der europäischen terrestrischen Biosphäre von relevanter Größenordnung für Klimaschutzstrategien sind. Die Speicherungsraten sind jedoch klein im Vergleich zu den absoluten europäischen CO2-Emissionen, und nehmen zudem sehr wahrscheinlich gegen Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts ab. Unsicherheiten in Klimaprojektionen sind eine Hauptursache für die Unsicherheiten in den modellbasierten Abschätzungen des zukünftigen Nettokohlenstoffaustausches und müssen daher in Klimaschutzanalysen der terrestrischen Biosphäre berücksichtigt werden.
Cunliffe, Andrew Michael. "Understanding structure and function in semiarid ecosystems : implications for terrestrial carbon dynamics in drylands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24329.
Full textKoren, Lindsey Michelle. "Assessment of Microbial Carbon Processing and its Implications to the Carbon Budget of Lake Superior." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6007.
Full textZaehle, Sönke. "Process based simulation of the European terrestrial biosphere an evaluation of present-day and future terrestrial carbon balance estimates and their uncertainty /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975648489.
Full textWang, Yi 1969. "Simulation of the climate, ocean, vegetation and terrestrial carbon cycle in the holocene." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86064.
Full textThe first application, in which the atmospheric CO 2 is fixed at 280 ppmv, shows that the vegetation-albedo feedback together with the retreating LIS allows the global annual mean surface air temperature to increase starting from 8 kyr BP and reach a maximum at around 6 kyr BP. The decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (orbital forcing) together with the vegetation-albedo feedback can explain the gradual cooling during the past 6 kyr. The southward shift of the boreal forest treeline from 6 to 0 kyr BP and the desertification of northern Africa from 8 to 2 kyr BP are also simulated, in good agreement with paleoclimatic reconstructions.
In the second application, the reconstructed (Taylor Dome) atmospheric CO2 is used as a variable radiative forcing, and an inverse method is introduced to investigate the global carbon cycle dynamics. The model results indicate that the retreating LIS, in association with the vegetation-albedo and vegetation-precipitation (biogeophysical) feedbacks, causes the terrestrial carbon store to reach its maximum at around 6 kyr BP. Based on the inverse method, it is inferred that the first 10 ppmv atmospheric CO 2 increase from 8 to 6 kyr BP comes from the ocean carbon pool, which includes sedimentation processes. However, the land carbon release of about 68 PgC (95 PgC without CO2 fertilization) from 6 to 0 kyr BP can only contribute about 5 to 7 ppmv increase in atmospheric CO2; additional carbon sources are needed from the ocean. The simulated desertification results in a 70-PgC decrease in total carbon in the Sahara desert. This decrease is partially compensated by a 40-PgC increase in total carbon in the Southern Hemisphere.
Finally, in the third application, the total volume of meltwater/freshwater from the retreating LIS is estimated, and four discharge scenarios are proposed to investigate the impact of this freshwater on the Holocene ocean, climate and terrestrial carbon cycle. During each freshwater perturbation, the simulated maximum Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) intensity is reduced, by amounts of up to 8 Sv. However, it rebounds to a higher level than the original state, within 10 to 20 years after the termination of the freshwater input. During the time of a weakened MOC, the SST is reduced in the high-latitude North Atlantic and increased in the Southern Ocean due to decreased northward oceanic heat transport. Only a large freshwater perturbation (>0.1 Sv) has a significant impact on the Holocene climate and terrestrial carbon cycle; it results in an enhanced cooling of about 1°C in the Northern Hemisphere (caused by the appearance of the North Atlantic sea ice) and notable drops in the global net primary productivity (2 PgC/yr) and total land carbon storage (40 PgC).
Qian, Haifeng. "Variability of terrestrial carbon cycle and its interaction with climate under global warming." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8564.
Full textThesis research directed by: Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Fang, Linhao. "Terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy : an exploration of the method from Miocene and Jurassic examples." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:883ef59a-f3aa-44ac-b539-d0f81317296e.
Full textVonk, Jorien Elisabeth. "Molecular and isotopic characterization of terrestrial organic carbon released to (sub-)Arctic coastal waters." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38589.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
Rosengren, Emma. "Linking Jet Stream Variability and the NAO to the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle in Europe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412827.
Full textDen jordbunda kolcykeln, som är en del av den globala kolcykeln, består av olika komponenter där en viktig del är vegetation. Växtlighet på land kontrollerar till stor del utbytet av kol vid jordytan och har därigenom inflytande på atmosfäriska växthusgaskoncentrationer, vilket medför stor påverkan på global uppvärmning. Det är därför viktigt att förbättra förståelsen för hur vegetation reagerar på olika klimatologiska faktorer, särskilt de som är kopplade till storskalig klimatvariabilitet då dessa kopplingar har studerats i mindre utsträckling hittils. Ett bra sätt att mäta den jordbunda kolcyklen på är med grönhet av vegatation. Om vi beaktar Europa så är det främst storskaliga atmosfäriska cirkulatoiner över norra Atlanten av de klimatologiska faktorerna som påverkar vegetation. En av dessa faktorer är jetströmmen, vilken varierar i fart och latitud, samt Nordatlantiska Oscillationen(NAO). I detta arbete beräknar jag index som representerar variationen i dessa i form av månadsgenomsnitt och korrelerar dem med månatlig data över avvikelser i vegetationsgrönhet (NDVI) över en femårsperiod. Det här gjordes för både regionala medelvärden och månaderna april-juli samt en geografisk punkt till punkt analys utförd för maj. Resultatet visar att det finns en signifikant korrelation mellan NDVI i Skandinavien och NAO samt jetfarten vid flera tidsfördröjningar, upp till 2 månader. Jetlatituden visade däremot signifikant korrelation för tre regioner i centrala/sydvästa Europa vid längre tidsfördröjningar på 3-4 månader. Detta innebär att positionen på jetströmmen under vintern kan påverka vegetationstillväxten under våren i detta område. Jetfarten och NAO påverkar däremot mest vid kortare tidsspan.
Smith, Garrett J. "Microbial contributions to carbon, nitrogen, and greenhouse gas cycling in freshwater terrestrial-aquatic interfaces." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1575380962535345.
Full textAlling, Vanja. "Terrestrial organic carbon dynamics in Arctic coastal areas : budgets and multiple stable isotope approaches." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43455.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Lefébure, Robert. "Effects of temperature and terrestrial carbon on fish growth and pelagic food web efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54028.
Full textInegbedion, Otaigbe. "The importance of small water bodies for carbon capture in Northumberland." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36218/.
Full textScholze, Marko. "Model studies on the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change and variability." Hamburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorologie, 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968442625.
Full textSwain, Eleanor Yvonne. "Molecular characterization of terrestrial organic carbon in some organic-rich soils in the northern latitudes." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2232.
Full textLiu, Yongwen, Shilong Piao, Xu Lian, Philippe Ciais, and W. Kolby Smith. "Seasonal Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Cycle to Climate Variations in CMIP5 Models: Evaluation and Projection." AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625331.
Full textGilbert, Peter. "The power of ponds? : quantifying sediment carbon stocks within, and fluxes from, small ponds." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32560/.
Full textLiu, Qing. "land surface modeling with enhanced consideration of soil hydraulic properties and terrestrial ecosystems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5154.
Full textChaanda, Mohammed Suleiman. "Cenozoic terrestrial palaeoenvironemtal change : an investigation of the Petrockstowe and Bovey basins, south west United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5347.
Full textTaylor, Scott. "Exploring factors driving organic carbon burial and storage in small constructed ponds : an experimental approach." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36143/.
Full textDogrul, Selver Ayca. "The effect of global climate change on the release of terrestrial organic carbon in the Arctic Region." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-global-climate-change-on-the-release-of-terrestrial-organic-carbon-in-the-arctic-region(64ed1c27-07ff-42b3-83a7-7803b4b697f4).html.
Full textBrown, Jennifer Louise Dickson. "Optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter as a tracer of terrestrial carbon to the coastal ocean." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/r1/brownj/jenniferbrown.pdf.
Full textSlevin, Darren. "Investigating sources of uncertainty associated with the JULES land surface model." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18757.
Full textMieres, Dinamarca Francisco. "Production, sorption and pathways for dissolved organic carbon flow in the Krycklan catchment. : Modelling with focus on the terrestrial forest ecosystem." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190613.
Full textGarbulsky, Martín Fabio. "On the remote sensing of the radiation use efficiency and the gross primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3713.
Full textSe abordaron cuatro objetivos específicos. El primero fue analizar y sintetizar la literatura científica sobre la relación entre el Índice de Reflectancia Fotoquímica (PRI), un índice espectral vinculado a la eficiencia fotosintética, y diversas variables ecofisiológicas a través de un amplio rango de tipos funcionales de plantas y ecosistemas. El segundo objetivo fue analizar y sintetizar los datos de la variabilidad espacial de la GPP y la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la RUE y sus controles climáticos para un amplio rango de tipos de vegetación, desde la tundra a la selva tropical. El tercer objetivo fue comprobar si diferentes índices espectrales, es decir, el PRI, el NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) y EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), derivados del Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) son buenos estimadores de la captación de carbono a diferentes escalas temporales en un bosque mediterráneo. El cuarto objetivo fue evaluar el uso de MODIS PRI como estimador de la RUE en un amplio rango de tipos de vegetación mediante el uso de datos sobre la captación de carbono de la vegetación derivados de las torres de covarianza turbulenta.
Las principales conclusiones de esta tesis son que hay una coherencia emergente de la relación RUE-PRI que sugiere un sorprendente grado de convergencia funcional de los componentes bioquímicos, fisiológicos y estructurales que afectan la eficiencia de captación de carbono a escala de hoja, de cobertura y de ecosistemas. Al complementar las estimaciones de la fracción de radiación fotosintéticamente activa interceptada por la vegetación (FPAR), el PRI permite mejorar la evaluación de los flujos de carbono a diferentes escalas, a través de la estimación de la RUE. Una segunda conclusión apoya la idea de que el funcionamiento anual de la vegetación es más limitado por la disponibilidad de agua que por la temperatura. La variabilidad espacial de la RUE anual y máxima puede explicarse en gran medida por la precipitación anual, más que por el tipo de vegetación. Una tercera conclusión es que, si bien EVI puede estimar el incremento diametral anual de los troncos, y el PRI puede estimar la fotosíntesis neta diaria nivel de hoja y la eficiencia en el uso de radiación, el papel del NDVI es más limitado como un estimador de cualquier parte del ciclo del carbono en bosques mediterráneos. Por lo tanto, el EVI y el PRI son excelentes herramientas para el seguimiento del ciclo del carbono en los bosques mediterráneos. Por último, el PRI derivado de información satelital disponible libremente, presenta una relación positiva significativa con la RUE para un amplio rango de diferentes tipos de bosques, incluso en años determinados, en bosques caducifolios. En general, esta tesis proporciona un mejor entendimiento de los controles espacial y temporal de la RUE y abre la posibilidad de estimar RUE en tiempo real y, por tanto, la captación de carbono de los bosques a nivel de ecosistemas a partir del PRI.
Carbon uptake by vegetation is the largest global CO2 flux and greatly influences the ecosystem functions. However, its temporal and spatial variability is still not well known and difficult to estimate. Remote sensing techniques can help to better estimate the terrestrial gross primary production (GPP), that is the ecosystem level expression of the photosynthesis process or the rate at which the ecosystem's producers capture CO2. The main objective of this thesis was to find a way to estimate the spatial and temporal variability of the Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) at the ecosystem scale and therefore to arrive to more accurate ways to estimate GPP of terrestrial vegetation by means of remotely sensed data. Four specific objectives were addressed in this thesis. The first objective was to examine and synthesize the scientific literature on the relationships between the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), a narrow-band spectral index linked to photosynthetic efficiency, and several ecophysiological variables across a wide range of plant functional types and ecosystems. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize data for the spatial variability of GPP and the spatial and temporal variability of the RUE and its climatic controls for a wide range of vegetation types, from tundra to rain forest. The third objective was to test whether different spectral indices, i.e. PRI, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), derived from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) can be indicators of carbon uptake at different temporal scales by analyzing the relationships between detailed ecophysiological variables at the stand level in a Mediterranean forest. The fourth objective was to assess the use of MODIS PRI as surrogate of RUE in a wide range of vegetation types by using data on carbon uptake of the vegetation derived from eddy covariance towers.
The main conclusions of this thesis are that there is an emerging consistency of the RUE-PRI relationship that suggests a surprising degree of functional convergence of biochemical, physiological and structural components affecting leaf, canopy and ecosystem carbon uptake efficiencies. By complementing the estimations of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the vegetation (fPAR) PRI enables improved assessment of carbon fluxes at different scales, through the estimation of RUE. A second conclusion supports the idea that the annual functioning of vegetation is more constrained by water availability than by temperature. The spatial variability of annual and maximum RUE can be largely explained by annual precipitation, more than by vegetation type. A third conclusion is that while EVI can estimate annual diametric wood increment, and PRI can estimate daily leaf level net photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency, the role NDVI is more limited as a surrogate of any part of the carbon cycle in this type of forest. Therefore, EVI and PRI are excellent tools for vegetation monitoring of carbon cycle in the Mediterranean forests, the first ones we tested in this thesis. Finally, the PRI derived from freely available satellite information was also found to present significant positive relationship with the RUE for a very wide range of different forest types, even in determined years, the deciduous forests. Overall, this thesis provides a better understanding of the spatial and temporal controls of the RUE and opens the possibility to estimate RUE in real time and, therefore, actual carbon uptake of forests at the ecosystem level using the PRI.
Keywords carbon cycle, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index, Photochemical Reflectance Index, primary productivity, photosynthesis, remote sensing, climatic controls, eddy covariance, radiation use efficiency, terrestrial vegetation.
Birchall, Jennifer. "The study of modern freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems using carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotopes : implications for palaeodietary studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275730.
Full textFranz, Martina [Verfasser], and A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Arneth. "Modelling the impact of air pollution on the terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling / Martina Franz ; Betreuer: A. Arneth." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204132658/34.
Full textDunlap, Thomas M. "Aquatic Priming Effects in the York River Estuary and Implications for Dissolved Organic Carbon Mineralization." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3624.
Full textBecher, Marina. "Cryogenic soil processes in a changing climate." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112509.
Full textHeimhofer, Ulrich. "Response of terrestrial palaeoenvironments to past changes in climate and carbon-cycling : insights from palynology and stable isotope geochemistry /." Zurich : [Swiss Federal Institute of Technlogy], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15463.
Full textBaranchenko, Yevhen. "Collaboration and carbon : the environmental benefits of the co-operative business model in the food sector." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2282/.
Full textEkumankama, Chinedu. "Effect of heavy metal co-contamination on the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban soil with high organic carbon content." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/30323/.
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