Journal articles: 'Terrestrial biodiversity'

1

Breece, Gary Allen, and Bobby J. Ward. "Utility terrestrial biodiversity issues." Environmental Management 20, no. 6 (November 1996): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01205959.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

NAKASHIZUKA, Tohru. "Biodiversity and Service of Terrestrial Ecosystems." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 36, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.36.5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Abell, Robin, Michele Thieme, Taylor H. Ricketts, Nasser Olwero, Rebecca Ng, Paulo Petry, Eric Dinerstein, Carmen Revenga, and Jonathan Hoekstra. "Concordance of freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity." Conservation Letters 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2010): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00153.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hogg, Ian D., and Diana H. Wall. "Global change and Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity." Polar Biology 34, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 1625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1108-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wang, Ran, and John A. Gamon. "Remote sensing of terrestrial plant biodiversity." Remote Sensing of Environment 231 (September 2019): 111218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111218.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Vavrek, Matthew J. "The fragmentation of Pangaea and Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity." Biology Letters 12, no. 9 (September 2016): 20160528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0528.

Full text

Abstract:

During the Mesozoic (242–66 million years ago), terrestrial regions underwent a massive shift in their size, position and connectivity. At the beginning of the era, the land masses were joined into a single supercontinent called Pangaea. However, by the end of the Mesozoic, terrestrial regions had become highly fragmented, both owing to the drifting apart of the continental plates and the extremely high sea levels that flooded and divided many regions. How terrestrial biodiversity was affected by this fragmentation and large-scale flooding of the Earth's landmasses is uncertain. Based on a model using the species–area relationship (SAR), terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity would be expected to nearly double through the Mesozoic owing to continental fragmentation, despite a decrease of 24% in total terrestrial area. Previous studies of Mesozoic vertebrates have generally found increases in terrestrial diversity towards the end of the era, although these increases are often attributed to intrinsic or climatic factors. Instead, continental fragmentation over this time may largely explain any observed increase in terrestrial biodiversity. This study demonstrates the importance that non-intrinsic effects can have on the taxonomic success of a group, and the importance of geography to understanding past biodiversity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Miu, Iulia V., Laurentiu Rozylowicz, Viorel D. Popescu, and Paulina Anastasiu. "Identification of areas of very high biodiversity value to achieve the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 key commitments." PeerJ 8 (September 30, 2020): e10067. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10067.

Full text

Abstract:

Background The European Union strives to increase protected areas of the EU terrestrial surface to 30% by year 2030, of which one third should be strictly protected. Designation of the Natura 2000 network, the backbone of nature protection in the EU, was mostly an expert-opinion process with little systematic conservation planning. The designation of the Natura 2000 network in Romania followed the same non-systematic approach, resulting in a suboptimal representation of invertebrates and plants. To help identify areas with very high biodiversity without repeating past planning missteps, we present a reproducible example of spatial prioritization using Romania’s current terrestrial Natura 2000 network and coarse-scale terrestrial species occurrence. Methods We used 371 terrestrial Natura 2000 Sites of Community Importance (Natura 2000 SCI), designated to protect 164 terrestrial species listed under Annex II of Habitats Directive in Romania in our spatial prioritization analyses (marine Natura 2000 sites and species were excluded). Species occurrences in terrestrial Natura 2000 sites were aggregated at a Universal Traverse Mercator spatial resolution of 1 km2. To identify priority terrestrial Natura 2000 sites for species conservation, and to explore if the Romanian Natura 2000 network sufficiently represents species included in Annex II of Habitats Directive, we used Zonation v4, a decision support software tool for spatial conservation planning. We carried out the analyses nationwide (all Natura 2000 sites) as well as separately for each biogeographic region (i.e., Alpine, Continental, Pannonian, Steppic and Black Sea). Results The results of spatial prioritization of terrestrial Natura 2000 vary greatly by planning scenario. The performance of national-level planning of top priorities is minimal. On average, when 33% of the landscape of Natura 2000 sites is protected, only 20% of the distribution of species listed in Annex II of Habitats Directive are protected. As a consequence, the representation of species by priority terrestrial Natura 2000 sites is lessened when compared to the initial set of species. When planning by taxonomic group, the top-priority areas include only 10% of invertebrate distribution in Natura 2000. When selecting top-priority areas by biogeographical region, there are significantly fewer gap species than in the national level and by taxa scenarios; thusly, the scenario outperforms the national-level prioritization. The designation of strictly protected areas as required by the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 should be followed by setting clear objectives, including a good representation of species and habitats at the biogeographical region level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Morton, Oscar, Brett R. Scheffers, Torbjørn Haugaasen, and David P. Edwards. "Impacts of wildlife trade on terrestrial biodiversity." Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01399-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Schipper, Aafke M., Jelle P. Hilbers, Johan R. Meijer, Laura H. Antão, Ana Benítez‐López, Melinda M. J. Jonge, Luuk H. Leemans, et al. "Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4." Global Change Biology 26, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 760–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14848.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Alexei V. Tiunov, and Stefan Scheu. "Biodiversity and Litter Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36, no. 1 (December 2005): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.112904.151932.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Muchoney, Douglas M. "Earth observations for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems." Remote Sensing of Environment 112, no. 5 (May 2008): 1909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Convey, Peter. "Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity in a changing world." Polar Biology 34, no. 11 (July 27, 2011): 1629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1068-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Leal, Cecília G., Gareth D. Lennox, Silvio F. B. Ferraz, Joice Ferreira, Toby A. Gardner, James R. Thomson, Erika Berenguer, et al. "Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species." Science 370, no. 6512 (October 1, 2020): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba7580.

Full text

Abstract:

Conservation initiatives overwhelmingly focus on terrestrial biodiversity, and little is known about the freshwater cobenefits of terrestrial conservation actions. We sampled more than 1500 terrestrial and freshwater species in the Amazon and simulated conservation for species from both realms. Prioritizations based on terrestrial species yielded on average just 22% of the freshwater benefits achieved through freshwater-focused conservation. However, by using integrated cross-realm planning, freshwater benefits could be increased by up to 600% for a 1% reduction in terrestrial benefits. Where freshwater biodiversity data are unavailable but aquatic connectivity is accounted for, freshwater benefits could still be doubled for negligible losses of terrestrial coverage. Conservation actions are urgently needed to improve the status of freshwater species globally. Our results suggest that such gains can be achieved without compromising terrestrial conservation goals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Taylor, Jason J., James P. Lawler, Mora Aronsson, Tom Barry, Anne D. Bjorkman, Tom Christensen, Stephen J. Coulson, et al. "Arctic terrestrial biodiversity status and trends: A synopsis of science supporting the CBMP State of Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Report." Ambio 49, no. 3 (January 18, 2020): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01303-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Blowes, Shane A., Sarah R. Supp, Laura H. Antão, Amanda Bates, Helge Bruelheide, Jonathan M. Chase, Faye Moyes, et al. "The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblages." Science 366, no. 6463 (October 17, 2019): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1620.

Full text

Abstract:

Human activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity change may be spatially structured. Here, we examined spatial variation in species richness and composition change using more than 50,000 biodiversity time series from 239 studies and found clear geographic variation in biodiversity change. Rapid compositional change is prevalent, with marine biomes exceeding and terrestrial biomes trailing the overall trend. Assemblage richness is not changing on average, although locations exhibiting increasing and decreasing trends of up to about 20% per year were found in some marine studies. At local scales, widespread compositional reorganization is most often decoupled from richness change, and biodiversity change is strongest and most variable in the oceans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tarailo, David A., and David E. Fastovsky. "Post–Permo-Triassic terrestrial vertebrate recovery: southwestern United States." Paleobiology 38, no. 4 (2012): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11054.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Recovery of marine biodiversity following the Permo-Triassic extinction is thought to have been delayed relative to other mass extinctions. Terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity is said to have taken as much as 15 Myr longer to recover than the marine. The present study tests, at the scale of an individual fossil community, whether a disparity in biodiversity existed in the American Southwest, between the Moenkopi Formation, containing an early Middle Triassic (Anisian) terrestrial tetrapod fauna, and the Chinle Formation, containing a successor Late Triassic (Norian) tetrapod fauna. Taking Chinle faunal biodiversity to represent full biotic recovery, comparison of taxonomic and guild diversity of faunas from similar depositional and taphonomic environments in these two formations allowed us to assess the possibility of incipient terrestrial recovery of biodiversity in the Anisian.Comparisons were made between the Holbrook Member fauna of the Moenkopi, a unit best characterized as a low-sinuosity medium- to coarse-grained fluvial deposit, and each of four Chinle stratigraphic units, representing fluvial settings from sandy low-sinuosity to muddy high-sinuosity. Three metrics were applied: generic and familial taxonomic diversity and guild diversity; these were compared by rarefaction. Simpson and Shannon diversity metrics augmented the analysis. Units of extraordinary preservation in the Chinle—the so-called blue layers—were removed from the analysis. In all tests the biodiversity of the Holbrook Member fauna is within the variation seen in Chinle faunas.If the results of our study represent global conditions, they suggest that by at least early Anisian time (∼6 Myr after the P/T extinction) biodiversity had reached levels comparable to those seen in the Late Triassic. This potentially brings the terrestrial vertebrate recovery in line with the 4–8 Myr it took for recovery in the marine realm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hortal, Joaquín. "Uncertainty and the measurement of terrestrial biodiversity gradients." Journal of Biogeography 35, no. 8 (August 2008): 1335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01955.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Holland, Robert A., Kate Scott, Paolo Agnolucci, Chrysanthi Rapti, Felix Eigenbrod, and Gail Taylor. "The influence of the global electric power system on terrestrial biodiversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (December 2, 2019): 26078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909269116.

Full text

Abstract:

Given its total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the global electric power sector will be required to undergo a fundamental transformation over the next decades to limit anthropogenic climate change to below 2 °C. Implications for biodiversity of projected structural changes in the global electric power sector are rarely considered beyond those explicitly linked to climate change. This study uses a spatially explicit consumption-based accounting framework to examine the impact of demand for electric power on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity globally. We demonstrate that the biodiversity footprint of the electric power sector is primarily within the territory where final demand for electric power resides, although there are substantial regional differences, with Europe displacing its biodiversity threat along international supply chains. The relationship between size of individual components of the electric power sector and threat to biodiversity indicates that a shift to nonfossil sources, such as solar and wind, could reduce pressures on biodiversity both within the territory where demand for power resides and along international supply chains. However, given the current levels of deployment of nonfossil sources of power, there is considerable uncertainty as to how the impacts of structural changes in the global electric power system will scale. Given the strong territorial link between demand and associated biodiversity impacts, development of strong national governance around the electric power sector represents a clear route to mitigate threats to biodiversity associated with efforts to decarbonize society over the coming century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Womack, Ann M., Brendan J. M. Bohannan, and Jessica L. Green. "Biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0283.

Full text

Abstract:

The variation of life has predominantly been studied on land and in water, but this focus is changing. There is a resurging interest in the distribution of life in the atmosphere and the processes that underlie patterns in this distribution. Here, we review our current state of knowledge about the biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere, with an emphasis on micro-organisms, the numerically dominant forms of aerial life. We present evidence to suggest that the atmosphere is a habitat for micro-organisms, and not purely a conduit for terrestrial and aquatic life. Building on a rich history of research in terrestrial and aquatic systems, we explore biodiversity patterns that are likely to play an important role in the emerging field of air biogeography. We discuss the possibility of a more unified understanding of the biosphere, one that links knowledge about biodiversity and biogeography in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sun, Xinyuan, Na Huang, and Weiwei Zhou. "Geographical Patterns in Functional Diversity of Chinese Terrestrial Vertebrates." Diversity 14, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110987.

Full text

Abstract:

Identifying priority regions is essential for effectively protecting biodiversity. China is one of the world’s megabiodiversity countries, but its biodiversity is seriously threatened by anthropogenic forces. Many studies have identified priority regions in China for conserving biodiversity. However, most of these studies focused on plants and mainly relied on metrics such as species richness. A comprehensive assessment of functional diversity hotspots of Chinese terrestrial vertebrates is still lacking. In this study, we collected distribution information and functional traits of terrestrial Chinese vertebrates. We calculated functional richness and identified hotspots. Then, we assessed the overlap between functional hotspots and hotspots identified based on species richness. We found that the mountains in southern China harbor the most hotspots. Southwestern China is the most important region for biodiversity conservation, as it harbors functional diversity and species richness hotspots of multiple taxa. Mismatches between functional diversity and species richness hotspots were found in all taxa. Moreover, the locations of functional hotspots are different among taxa, even within taxonomic units. For example, the functional diversity patterns of Rodentia, Chiroptera and other mammalian taxa are different. These results highlight the importance of considering distinct groups separately in conservative actions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Shilenkov, V. G. "Terrestrial Arthropods in the Urban Gradient of Irkutsk City." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 34 (2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2020.34.33.

Full text

Abstract:

Four biotops with arboreal vegetation situated in the Irkutsk town territory were studied by pitfall traps method: artifitially forrestated park zone, coastal band of willow shrubs, Caragana arborescens shrubs on steep slope of southern exposition, group of bird-cherry trees. Biodiversity of high taxonomical groups, and the same on species level for carabid beetles, were estimated. Carabid’s communities were compared on dominant species, biodiversity and dynamic density of populations. Sörensen – Chekanovsky coefficient for comparison of different biotopes in number of species and specimens was used. In the willow shrubs minimal number of high groups of arthropods were collected, but maximal biodiversity and dynamic density of carabids populations was postulated. It depends first of all the high number of small species Trechus secalis. Biodiversity is increased in the row: park zone (14) – bird-cherry trees (21) – caragana shrubs (24 groups). Set of the high taxonomical groups in the different biotopes has a specific features. Such taxa like carabids, staphylinids, silphids, ants and spiders were recorded in all biotopes, but could differ each other in the set of species and dynamic density very sufficiently. Sörensen coefficient estimated for carabids communities demonstrates very low similarity between biotopes as in set of species, as in number of specimens. Caragana shrubs has a maximal level of isolation. The simplest structure of community with very low number of species in park zone was postulated. In this biotopes silphid beetles was dominated group due to maximal level of anthropogenic influence. Refugial zones, like Kaya river basin in the town landscape surroundings, could be preserved for recreation and biodiversity maintenance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Briggs, Sue V., and Nicki Taws. "Impacts of salinity on biodiversity—clear understanding or muddy confusion?" Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 6 (2003): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02114.

Full text

Abstract:

Dryland salinity has been known for several decades in eastern Australia. Its causes have been known for at least five decades. Why did it take so long for the problem to be officially recognised? Why is it taking so long for impacts of dryland salinity on terrestrial biodiversity to be investigated in eastern Australia? To answer these questions we delve back into human history and then move forwards to modern times. Historically, salt has connotations of punishment, money, status and love. Today, salt ignites powerful emotions in humans in modern institutions. Controlling the salinity agenda enhances status and provides resources. Impacts of salinity on biodiversity are often ignored when powerful groups with little interest in biodiversity compete for dominance of the salinity agenda. After discussing these factors, the paper presents information about impacts of dryland salinity on terrestrial biodiversity in eastern Australia. The limited research conducted shows that dryland salinity threatens vegetation communities that are already depleted from extensive clearing. Native ground species of plants in salinised woodlands are replaced by exotics and weeds. Trees die. The paper concludes with recommendations for future actions to enhance understanding and management of impacts of dryland salinity on terrestrial biodiversity in eastern Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Souty-Grosset, Catherine, and Ariel Faberi. "Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680.

Full text

Abstract:

Terrestrial isopods (approximately 3700 known species in the world) are encountered in temperate and tropical regions, from the seashore to high altitudes and from floodplain forests to deserts. They are known to contribute to soil biodiversity. Environmental factors and anthropogenic actions, particularly land use changes such as primarily agricultural practices, and urbanization affect soil biodiversity and their functions. Human practices, such as soil tillage, pesticide application, chemical pollution, along with soil acidification adversely affect isopod abundance and diversity. It is thus important to recognise the vital contributions of soil biodiversity in support of environmental quality protection through maintaining soil functions and their significance to sustainable land use. This review will also deal with recent studies attempting to evaluate the impact of returning to an environmentally friendly agriculture by restoring refuge habitats such as grass strips, hedges, and woodlands for terrestrial isopods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Oliveira, Ubirajara, Adriano Pereira Paglia, Antonio D. Brescovit, Claudio J. B. de Carvalho, Daniel Paiva Silva, Daniella T. Rezende, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, et al. "The strong influence of collection bias on biodiversity knowledge shortfalls of Brazilian terrestrial biodiversity." Diversity and Distributions 22, no. 12 (September 30, 2016): 1232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12489.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Newbold, Tim, Georgina L. Adams, Gonzalo Albaladejo Robles, Elizabeth H. Boakes, Guilherme Braga Ferreira, Abbie S. A. Chapman, Adrienne Etard, et al. "Climate and land-use change homogenise terrestrial biodiversity, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and human well-being." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20180135.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Biodiversity continues to decline under the effect of multiple human pressures. We give a brief overview of the main pressures on biodiversity, before focusing on the two that have a predominant effect: land-use and climate change. We discuss how interactions between land-use and climate change in terrestrial systems are likely to have greater impacts than expected when only considering these pressures in isolation. Understanding biodiversity changes is complicated by the fact that such changes are likely to be uneven among different geographic regions and species. We review the evidence for variation in terrestrial biodiversity changes, relating differences among species to key ecological characteristics, and explaining how disproportionate impacts on certain species are leading to a spatial homogenisation of ecological communities. Finally, we explain how the overall losses and homogenisation of biodiversity, and the larger impacts upon certain types of species, are likely to lead to strong negative consequences for the functioning of ecosystems, and consequently for human well-being.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Anunobi, T. J. "Hazardous effects of plastic wastes on land biodiversity: A review." Zoologist (The) 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v20i1.10.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the world’s ecosystem. Increase in the world’s plastic production and use, inefficient recycling, indiscriminate disposal, synthetic nature and non-biodegradability of plastics have made it a considerable threat to biodiversity. The impact of plastic wastes on humans and the environment is becoming apparent. However, information on the impacts of plastic wastes on biodiversity is mostly directed towards marine environment with scarce information on land biodiversity although terrestrial environment is the major source of marine contamination. Terrestrial plastic waste contaminants are derived from long term used plastic containers and single-use plastic products, which are introduced by anthropological means, flood water, sewage and wind dispersal. Gradual breakdown of large plastic wastes give rise to microplastics, which increase its abundance in the environment. Plastics threaten wildlife in terms of entanglements, ingestion and chocking, which often results in loss of body parts or mortality. Plastics as vectors of invasive species in marine ecosystem have been widely established. Although not much is known on the importation of invasive species on terrestrial ecosystem by plastic wastes, there is possibility that plastic waste can be a potential vector of terrestrial alien species. Contamination of soil with microplastics alters soil habitats and disturbs the natural biophysical properties of the soil environment that leaves a negative impact on soil biota by reducing their activities and indirectly affecting food production. Accumulation of plastic wastes provides breeding ground for disease vectors, which has contributed to increased prevalence of emerging infectious diseases. This review examines the impact of plastic wastes on terrestrial biodiversity as it affects soil organisms, land animals and breeding of disease vectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kocsis, Ádám T., Qianshuo Zhao, Mark J. Costello, and Wolfgang Kiessling. "Not all biodiversity rich spots are climate refugia." Biogeosciences 18, no. 24 (December 23, 2021): 6567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6567-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly threatening biodiversity on a global scale. Rich spots of biodiversity, regions with exceptionally high endemism and/or number of species, are a top priority for nature conservation. Terrestrial studies have hypothesized that rich spots occur in places where long-term climate change was dampened relative to other regions. Here we tested whether biodiversity rich spots are likely to provide refugia for organisms during anthropogenic climate change. We assessed the spatial distribution of both historic (absolute temperature change and climate change velocities) and projected climate change in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine rich spots. Our analyses confirm the general consensus that global warming will impact almost all rich spots of all three realms and suggest that their characteristic biota is expected to witness similar forcing to other areas, including range shifts and elevated risk of extinction. Marine rich spots seem to be particularly sensitive to global warming: they have warmed more, have higher climate velocities, and are projected to experience higher future warming than non-rich-spot areas. However, our results also suggest that terrestrial and freshwater rich spots will be somewhat less affected than other areas. These findings emphasize the urgency of protecting a comprehensive and representative network of biodiversity-rich areas that accommodate species range shifts under climate change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

FERRIER, SIMON, GEORGE V. N. POWELL, KAREN S. RICHARDSON, GLENN MANION, JAKE M. OVERTON, THOMAS F. ALLNUTT, SUSAN E. CAMERON, et al. "Mapping More of Terrestrial Biodiversity for Global Conservation Assessment." BioScience 54, no. 12 (2004): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1101:mmotbf]2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Trueman, J. W., and P. S. Cranston. "Prospects for the rapid assessment of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity." Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 56, no. 2 (1997): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Gaysina, Lira A., Markéta Bohunická, Václava Hazuková, and Jeffrey R. Johansen. "Biodiversity of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria of the South Ural Region." Cryptogamie, Algologie 39, no. 2 (May 2018): 167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/crya/v39.iss2.2018.167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Fredrickson, James K., and David L. Balkwill. "Geomicrobial Processes and Biodiversity in the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface." Geomicrobiology Journal 23, no. 6 (September 2006): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450600875571.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Di Marco, Moreno, Simon Ferrier, Tom D. Harwood, Andrew J. Hoskins, and James E. M. Watson. "Wilderness areas halve the extinction risk of terrestrial biodiversity." Nature 573, no. 7775 (September 18, 2019): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1567-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Newbold, Tim, Lawrence N. Hudson, Samantha L. L. Hill, Sara Contu, Igor Lysenko, Rebecca A. Senior, Luca Börger, et al. "Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity." Nature 520, no. 7545 (April 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14324.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Specht, Raymond L. "Biodiversity of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Tropical to Temperate Australia." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/359892.

Full text

Abstract:

During the short period of annual foliage growth in evergreen plant communities, aerodynamic fluxes (frictional, thermal, evaporative) in the atmosphere as it flows over and through a plant community determine the Foliage Projective Covers and leaf attributes in overstorey and understorey strata. The number of leaves produced on each vertical foliage shoot depends on available soil water and nutrients during this growth period. The area of all leaves exposed to solar radiation determines net photosynthetic fixation of the plant community throughout the year. In turn, the species richness (number of species per hectare) of both plants and resident vertebrates is determined. The species richness of unicellular algae and small multicellular isopods in permanent freshwater lagoons in Northern Australia may possibly have been increased by radiation released from nearby uranium deposits. Evolution of new angiosperms probably occurred in refugia during periods of extreme drought. When favourable climates were restored, the vegetation expanded to result in high Gamma Biodiversity (number of plant species per region) but with each major plant community having essentially the same species richness (number of plant species per hectare). The probable effects of pollution and Global Warming on biodiversity in Australian ecosystems, that experience seasonal drought, are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

WALL, DIANA H. "Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial habitats of Antarctica." Antarctic Science 17, no. 4 (November 18, 2005): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102005002944.

Full text

Abstract:

Are we failing to acknowledge the impact of global changes (e.g. UVB, invasive species, climate, land use, atmosphere) on the terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes of Antarctica? Antarctica is considered a pristine environment and has low terrestrial species diversity and trophic complexity, and yet while scientifically possible, we still do not know the number of species, where they are, or how their influence on ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient cycling, carbon flux, decomposition, feedbacks to climate, hydrology) will be affected by multiple global changes. Increased recognition of human dependence on services provided by biodiversity and ecosystem functioning combined with documented impacts of global change already occurring on Antarctic soil ecosystems, increases the urgency to expand investigations regionally in Antarctica. We cannot measure the effects of global change or sustainably manage Antarctica's future if we underestimate the contribution of soil communities. Evidence indicates habitats of rocky moraines, soils and cyroconite holes of glaciers in the continental interior may host not only microbes, but also a complexity of algae and invertebrates. Scientists of many disciplines, together, need to assess the benefits humans derive from Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes, how these will be affected by global change, and link their findings to the rest of the world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Czechowski, Paul, Laurence J. Clarke, Alan Cooper, and Mark I. Stevens. "A primer to metabarcoding surveys of Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity." Antarctic Science 29, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000389.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIce-free regions of Antarctica are concentrated along the coastal margins but are scarce throughout the continental interior. Environmental changes, including the introduction of non-indigenous species, increasingly threaten these unique habitats. At the same time, the unique biotic communities subsisting in isolation across the continent are difficult to survey due to logistical constraints, sampling challenges and problems related to the identification of small and cryptic taxa. Baseline biodiversity data from remote Antarctic habitats are still missing for many parts of the continent but are critical to the detection of community changes over time, including newly introduced species. Here we review the potential of standardized (non-specialist) sampling in the field (e.g. from soil, vegetation or water) combined with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of bulk DNA as a possible solution to overcome some of these problems. In particular, HTS metabarcoding approaches benefit from being able to process many samples in parallel, while workflow and data structure can stay highly uniform. Such approaches have quickly gained recognition and we show that HTS metabarcoding surveys are likely to play an important role in continent-wide biomonitoring of all Antarctic terrestrial habitats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Convey, Peter. "Terrestrial biodiversity in Antarctica – Recent advances and future challenges." Polar Science 4, no. 2 (August 2010): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2010.03.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ponge, Jean-François. "Humus forms in terrestrial ecosystems: a framework to biodiversity." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35, no. 7 (July 2003): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(03)00149-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

C. Culver, David, Louis Deharveng, Anne Bedos, Julian J. Lewis, Molly Madden, James R. Reddell, Boris Sket, Peter Trontelj, and Denis White. "The mid-latitude biodiversity ridge in terrestrial cave fauna." Ecography 29, no. 1 (November 9, 2005): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2005.0906-7590.04435.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

France, Robert. "Trends in biodiversity research over two decades: paradigmatic finders keepers?" Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-011-0001-2.

Full text

Abstract:

Trends in biodiversity research over two decades: paradigmatic finders keepers? Biodiversity research has been criticized for displaying the "founder effect" and not deviating in terms of study topic from the course set by its founding terrestrial ecologists more than three decades ago. I tested this hypothesis by examining over four thousand papers published between 1987 and 2008 in three international journals, Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, and Biodiversity and Conservation. Analysis of temporal trends in types of organisms studied, types of ecosystems studied, types of methodologies used, and types of stresses investigated, revealed that there has been little movement away from the origins of the profession as being primarily concerned with the effects of forest habitat loss on charismatic terrestrial megafauna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lamsal, Pramod, Krishna Prasad Pant, Lalit Kumar, and Kishor Atreya. "Diversity, Uses, and Threats in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, a Ramsar Site in Western Lowland Nepal." ISRN Biodiversity 2014 (April 27, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/680102.

Full text

Abstract:

This study documents aquatic and terrestrial/riparian biodiversity in an anthropogenically disturbed Ramsar site, the Ghodaghodi Lake complex, in the Western Nepal surveyed during the summer season (March-April) of 2007. The study site comprises three major interconnected lakes: Ghodaghodi (138 ha), Nakharodi (70 ha), and Bainshwa (10 ha). Five transect lines for aquatic macrophytes and three transect lines and 37 sampling plots were laid to sample terrestrial/riparian plants, birds, and animals. Five sample plots were established for fish and aquatic bird. A total of 45 species of aquatic macrophytes, 54 species of terrestrial/riparian vegetation, 19 fish species, 41 bird species, 17 mammals (endangered and vulnerable), and 5 reptiles (critically endangered, vulnerable, and near threatened) were recorded at the lake complex. Local people have used most of the aquatic and terrestrial plants for different purposes while many of the potential medicinal plant species were still untapped. Persistent anthropogenic threats, like excessive harvesting and poaching, habitat destruction—population pressure, forest fragmentation, siltation, fertilizer and pesticide seepage, water pollution, overgrazing, and unmanaged irrigation system found over the lake complex, endangered the existing biodiversity. The suggested remedial measures are further exploration of medicinal potential, prioritization of in situ biodiversity conservation strategies, and implementation of awareness program at local level against anthropogenic threats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Esteves, Rafael Alves, and Ronilson José da Paz. "Terrestrial invertebrates in environmental assessments: A decade of environmental impact studies in the influence area of the Atlantic Rainforest in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 6, no. 14 (2019): 1039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.061428.

Full text

Abstract:

Invertebrates constitute a megadiverse animal group and abundant in virtually every terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, performing functions and providing services indispensable to the environment. In this paper, we evaluated how terrestrial invertebrates were treated in the Environmental Impact Assessments submitted to the environmental agency in Rio de Janeiro, state fully inserted at Atlantic Rainforest biome. We analyzed environmental studies developed by companies with new industrial projects presenting potential environmental impact in the period of 2008 to 2018. Only ten (14%) studies considered terrestrial invertebrates in the biotic diagnostic assessments of fauna. Arthropoda was the only one Phylum considered as terrestrial invertebrates in the studies analyzed, with Class Insecta present in all of them, and Arachnida present in two studies. The insects of the Orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidopetra, Hemipetra, Orthopetra and Odonata were the most frequent in the studies. The lack of interest in the conservation of terrestrial invertebrates demonstrates the fragility of the public authorities in issues related to biodiversity conservation strategies of these animals and exposes the urgent need for investment in the formation of human resources specialized in biodiversity conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chown, Steven L. "Temporal biodiversity change in transformed landscapes: a southern African perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0274.

Full text

Abstract:

Landscape transformation by humans is virtually ubiquitous, with several suggestions being made that the world's biomes should now be classified according to the extent and nature of this transformation. Even those areas that are thought to have a relatively limited human footprint have experienced substantial biodiversity change. This is true of both marine and terrestrial systems of southern Africa, a region of high biodiversity and including several large conservation areas. Global change drivers have had substantial effects across many levels of the biological hierarchy as is demonstrated in this review, which focuses on terrestrial systems. Interactions among drivers, such as between climate change and invasion, and between changing fire regimes and invasion, are complicating attribution of change effects and management thereof. Likewise CO 2 fertilization is having a much larger impact on terrestrial systems than perhaps commonly acknowledged. Temporal changes in biodiversity, and the seeming failure of institutional attempts to address them, underline a growing polarization of world views, which is hampering efforts to address urgent conservation needs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Czechowski, Paul, Duanne White, Laurence Clarke, Alan McKay, Alan Cooper, and Mark I. Stevens. "Age-related environmental gradients influence invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (December 2016): 160296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160296.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential impact of environmental change on terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems can be explored by inspecting biodiversity patterns across large-scale gradients. Unfortunately, morphology-based surveys of Antarctic invertebrates are time-consuming and limited by the cryptic nature of many taxa. We used biodiversity information derived from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to elucidate the relationship between soil properties and invertebrate biodiversity in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Across 136 analysed soil samples collected from Mount Menzies, Mawson Escarpment and Lake Terrasovoje, we found invertebrate distribution in the Prince Charles Mountains significantly influenced by soil salinity and/or sulfur content. Phyla Tardigrada and Arachnida occurred predominantly in low-salinity substrates with abundant nutrients, whereas Bdelloidea (Rotifera) and Chromadorea (Nematoda) were more common in highly saline substrates. A significant correlation between invertebrate occurrence, soil salinity and time since deglaciation indicates that terrain age indirectly influences Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity, with more recently deglaciated areas supporting greater diversity. Our study demonstrates the value of HTS metabarcoding to investigate environmental constraints on inconspicuous soil biodiversity across large spatial scales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bradshaw, Corey J. A. "Opportunities to improve the future of South Australia’s terrestrial biodiversity." Rethinking Ecology 4 (April 9, 2019): 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rethinkingecology.4.32570.

Full text

Abstract:

It is unequivocal that the poor condition of South Australia’s terrestrial biodiversity is continuing to decline overall – much like elsewhere in Australia. This decline is mainly due to the legacy of vegetation clearing and habitat modification since European colonisation, the destructive influence of invasive species (especially predators like cats and foxes) on its native fauna and flora, and impotent or broken legislation to prevent further damage. The struggle to maintain our remaining biodiversity, and our intentions to restore once-healthy ecosystems, are rendered even more difficult by the added influence of rapid climate disruption. Despite the pessimistic outlook, South Australians have successfully employed several effective conservation mechanisms, including increasing the coverage of our network of protected areas, doing ecological restoration projects, reducing the densities of feral animals across landscapes, encouraging private landholders to protect their biodiversity assets, releasing environmental water flows to rivers and wetlands, and bringing more people in touch with nature. While these strategies are certainly stepping in the right direction, our policies and conservation targets have been hampered by arbitrary baselines, a lack of cohesion among projects and associated legislation, unrepresentative protected areas, and inappropriate spatial and time scales of intervention. While the challenges are many, there are several tractable and affordable actions that can be taken immediately to improve the prospect of the State’s biodiversity into the near future. These include coordinating existing and promoting broader-scale ecological restoration projects, establishing strategic and evidence-based control of invasive species, planning more representative protected-area networks that are managed effectively for conservation outcomes, fixing broken environmental legislation, avoiding or severely limiting biodiversity-offset incentives, expanding conservation covenants on private land, coordinating a state-wide monitoring network and protocol that tells the South Australian community how effective we are with our policies and actions, expanding existing conservation investment and tapping into different funding schemes, and coordinating better communication and interaction among government and non-governmental environment agencies. Having a more transparent and defensible link between specific conservation actions and targeted outcomes will also likely improve confidence that conservation investments are well-spent. With just a little more effort, coordination, funding, and foresight, South Australia has the opportunity to become a pillar of biodiversity conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Yang, Rui, Yue Cao, Shuyu Hou, Qinyi Peng, Xiaoshan Wang, Fangyi Wang, Tz-Hsuan Tseng, et al. "Cost-effective priorities for the expansion of global terrestrial protected areas: Setting post-2020 global and national targets." Science Advances 6, no. 37 (September 2020): eabc3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc3436.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiversity loss is a social and ecological emergency, and calls have been made for the global expansion of protected areas (PAs) to tackle this crisis. It is unclear, however, where best to locate new PAs to protect biodiversity cost-effectively. To answer this question, we conducted a spatial meta-analysis by overlaying seven global biodiversity templates to identify conservation priority zones. These are then combined with low human impact areas to identify cost-effective zones (CEZs) for PA designation. CEZs cover around 38% of global terrestrial area, of which only 24% is currently covered by existing PAs. To protect more CEZs, we propose three scenarios with conservative, moderate, and ambitious targets, which aim to protect 19, 26, and 43% of global terrestrial area, respectively. These three targets are set for each Convention on Biological Diversity party with spatially explicit CEZs identified, providing valuable decision support for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Alday, Josu G., and Carolina Martínez-Ruiz. "Expansion of Naturally Regenerated Forest." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030456.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lee, Jasmine R., Aleks Terauds, Josie Carwardine, Justine D. Shaw, Richard A. Fuller, Hugh P. Possingham, Steven L. Chown, et al. "Threat management priorities for conserving Antarctic biodiversity." PLOS Biology 20, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): e3001921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001921.

Full text

Abstract:

Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity faces multiple threats, from invasive species to climate change. Yet no large-scale assessments of threat management strategies exist. Applying a structured participatory approach, we demonstrate that existing conservation efforts are insufficient in a changing world, estimating that 65% (at best 37%, at worst 97%) of native terrestrial taxa and land-associated seabirds are likely to decline by 2100 under current trajectories. Emperor penguins are identified as the most vulnerable taxon, followed by other seabirds and dry soil nematodes. We find that implementing 10 key threat management strategies in parallel, at an estimated present-day equivalent annual cost of US$23 million, could benefit up to 84% of Antarctic taxa. Climate change is identified as the most pervasive threat to Antarctic biodiversity and influencing global policy to effectively limit climate change is the most beneficial conservation strategy. However, minimising impacts of human activities and improved planning and management of new infrastructure projects are cost-effective and will help to minimise regional threats. Simultaneous global and regional efforts are critical to secure Antarctic biodiversity for future generations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Semmelmayer, Katharina, and Klaus Hackländer. "Monitoring vertebrate abundance in Austria: developments over 30 years." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryLoss of biodiversity is one of the major challenges of the anthropocene. Various indices are used to quantify biodiversity. For vertebrates, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) uses the Living Planet Index (LPI). It is calculated globally as well as separately for the species occurring in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biomes. Action to prevent biodiversity loss can be taken by countries or provinces, so it is important to understand the changes in biodiversity at local scales. We present LPIs for vertebrates in Austria, both unweighted and weighted, according to species richness. Vertebrate populations seem to have declined strongly in Austria, and their abundance was stabilized at about 60% of the initial population size in the base year 1990—the LPI declined from 1 in 1990 to ~0.6 (unweighted) or ~0.7 (weighted) in 2015. This is almost double the global decline for the same period. LPIs were calculated separately for the terrestrial biome (~0.6), the freshwater biome (~0.9), birds (~0.7), and native species (~0.6). These indices give evidence that conservation measure to halt biodiversity loss in Austria is necessary and show where more data are needed. In Austria, more research is needed especially on populations of reptile species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Schulze, E. D. "Biological control of the terrestrial carbon sink." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 1283–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-1283-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. This is a summary of the Vernadsky medal lecture given at the Nice EGU meeting in 2004. The lecture reviews the past (since the International Biological Program) and the future of our understanding of terrestrial carbon fluxes with focus on photosynthesis, respiration, primary, ecosystem, and biome productivity. Consideration is given to the interactions between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Terrestrial biodiversity'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles